氣候變化 左右中國歷史王朝命運
abia...@my-deja.com
【中央社╱北京 4 日電】 2010.01.04 08:12 pm
「彼蒼者天，何其有極」。對古代中國來說，氣候溫暖和寒冷期的轉換，往往決定中原農耕民族和北方游牧民族實力的對比，氣候變化就像一隻無形的手決定著中
原王朝的興替。
2010 年 1 月創刊的「文史參考」半月刊在「氣候變化左右王朝命運」一文中舉例，魏晉南北朝的氣候正處於秦漢、隋唐兩個溫暖期中間的寒冷期，年平
均氣溫比漢、唐時期下降攝氏2度到3度。
如果以統一的農產值計算，秦漢時代的平均畝產量為 132 公斤，北朝為 128.8 公斤，但到了東晉南朝只有 125.4公斤，比前朝下降了
2.84%。
氣候變化決定王朝興衰的另一個例子是陝西關中地區。
西周末年，隨著中國北方氣候由暖轉寒，關中地區旱災頻仍，詩經中就曾記載著「天降喪亂，饑饉荐臻」的文字，時隔 40 年，也就是周幽王二年，甚至出現
了「三川竭，岐山崩」的奇特現象，這給靠天吃飯的旱物農業毀滅性的打擊，間接促成了周王室的東遷。
由人民日報主辦的「文史參考」還在文中引用蘭州大學教授張中平所做的一項調查指出，研究人員從甘肅萬象洞內的一枚石筍所含氧的同位素含量，繪出過去
1810 年來中國的降雨量變化曲線，然後比較同時期朝代的興衰更替，結果發現兩條曲線高度吻合。
張中平說，氣候變化影響農作物生產，進而對中國古朝代的興衰發揮關鍵的作用，氣候就像一雙無形的手，左右歷史棋局。
胡適的同班同學、中國近代地理學和氣象學奠基人竺可楨，在 1972 年發表的「中國近五千年來氣候變遷的初步研究」中，便結合史學、物候、方誌和儀器
觀測，將過去 5000 年的氣候變化大致劃分為 4 個溫暖期和 4 個寒冷期。
巧合的是，不同冷暖期所相對應的朝代，也正是王朝興衰更替的關鍵時期。例如，公元 1000 年到 1200年的南北宋，中國氣溫趨冷，蘇軾誦杏花詩中
的「關中幸無梅，賴汝充鼎和」便可為證。
而宋之前的唐代，不僅都城長安冬天沒冰沒雪，唐開元 19 年，揚州甚至出現雙季稻的記載，竺可楨據此推測，處於中國第 3 個溫暖期的隋唐，當時的平
均溫度比魏晉南北朝高攝氏 3 度左右。
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On Jan 4, 11:43 am, "abianc...@my-deja.com" <abianc...@my-deja.com>
wrote:
abia...@my-deja.com
Anti-DabianchenVirus
pathological liar.
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http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/fc81fe43d9c693e2?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 can't read/write Chinese other
than cutting-and-pasting from the internet:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/7576019d05116a21?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/2820117f3da3ac55?hl=en
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http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/ee41fc07a8921a88?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/995a71070728ba0c?hl=en
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On Jan 4, 12:25 pm, "abianc...@my-deja.com" <abianc...@my-deja.com>
wrote:
> > 均溫度比魏晉南北朝高攝氏 3 度左右。- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
report2009
Anti-DabianchenVirus
pathological liar.
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a Philippino girl:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/31e3f301c13dbbbe?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is not a "guy from Taiwan":
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/fc81fe43d9c693e2?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 can't read/write Chinese other
than cutting-and-pasting from the internet:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/7576019d05116a21?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/2820117f3da3ac55?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/83029bb548080af5?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a pathological liar:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/ee41fc07a8921a88?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/995a71070728ba0c?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/fdeab5e65d151e9c?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 makes persitent childish and
girlish claims:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/7d3d15d1e66e4876?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/a123999fbab308cd?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a loser:
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Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is childish and repetitive:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/5646b3ef057db25d?hl=en
report2009
Anti-DabianchenVirus
pathological liar.
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a Philippino girl:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/31e3f301c13dbbbe?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is not a "guy from Taiwan":
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/fc81fe43d9c693e2?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 can't read/write Chinese other
than cutting-and-pasting from the internet:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/7576019d05116a21?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/2820117f3da3ac55?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/83029bb548080af5?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a pathological liar:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/ee41fc07a8921a88?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/995a71070728ba0c?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/fdeab5e65d151e9c?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 makes persitent childish and
girlish claims:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/7d3d15d1e66e4876?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/a123999fbab308cd?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a loser:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/8af8fda3a280e511?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is childish and repetitive:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/5646b3ef057db25d?hl=en
report2009
Anti-DabianchenVirus
pathological liar.
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a Philippino girl:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/31e3f301c13dbbbe?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is not a "guy from Taiwan":
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/fc81fe43d9c693e2?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 can't read/write Chinese other
than cutting-and-pasting from the internet:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/7576019d05116a21?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/2820117f3da3ac55?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/83029bb548080af5?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a pathological liar:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/ee41fc07a8921a88?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/995a71070728ba0c?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/fdeab5e65d151e9c?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 makes persitent childish and
girlish claims:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/7d3d15d1e66e4876?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/a123999fbab308cd?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is a loser:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/8af8fda3a280e511?hl=en
Proof that abianchen/Meichi/report2009 is childish and repetitive:
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/msg/5646b3ef057db25d?hl=en
report2009
rst9
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