Budikka666 <
budi...@netscape.net> wrote:
>Can you provide ONE example of ***POSITIVE*** ***SCIENTIFIC***
>evidence for a creator or for a creation? Id so, then please do so.
>if not, have the decency and integrity to admit you have nothing but
>blind gullible belief and that no one in their right mind would be
>smart to accept your claims.
IS MODERN SCIENCE A CHALLENGE TO RELIGION?
By SRI SWAMI KRISHNANANDA
The subject that has been suggested is somewhat an involved one, and I
do not know how far this would be a very appropriate theme to discuss
before an audience of this kind who are basically devotees of God and
aspirants of the spiritual ideal of life. However, all visions of life
can be consolidated into a system of integrated organization, and
nothing conceivable can be regarded as extraneous to the methodology
to be adopted in the pursuit of the spiritual ideal.
"Is there a conflict between the scientific method and the religious
aspiration of the soul?" is a moot question. Generally, when people
speak of science, what the common populace understands is the comfort
that has been provided by applied science, such as fast traveling,
telephone, telegraph, Internet, satellite, and television. These are
the things that are in the minds of people when they speak of the
technological advance science has made; but science does not mean
technology. It is a vision of life itself.
What clashes or appears to come in conflict with religion is not the
comfort that has been brought to us by these technological inventions
of applied science, but the theory of science, which is something very
deep, and bordering upon philosophical and metaphysical foundations of
life itself.
That the world is external to everyone is the basic foundation of all
scientific perception. Observation and experiment being the methods of
a scientific process, it goes without saying that what is observed and
experimented upon has to be outside. The outsideness of the world is a
very important aspect to be considered here, but we may put a question
to our own selves: "Is the world really outside us, so that what
happens in the world does not affect us in any way, and the world does
not care for what is happening to us in our own internal operations?
Are the individual and the world, the two principles of consideration
here, segregated from each other? Has the world nothing to do with the
individual, and has the individual nothing to do with the world?" It
looks that there is no communication possible between the individual
and the world. The world may not know at all that some individual is
dead and gone, and the individual is not concerned in any manner if a
star in heaven cools down and extinguishes itself. Let anything happen
to the heavens; what does it matter to us? But, "Is it so?" is the
question.
This supposed conflict between physical science and religion may be
said to have begun somewhere toward the end of the nineteenth century,
when the geocentric interpretation of the heavenly bodies was replaced
by the heliocentric concept on the discovery of Copernicus. This
discovery clashed with the biblical belief and tradition, which holds
that the earth is the foundation, and the sun and the moon and the
stars move round this earth.
The second thing that opposed religion as it was understood in those
days was that the world was created, according to the biblical
tradition, some four thousand years ago, but the scientific discovery
declares that the beginning of the world must be traced back to aeons
and aeons of time process earlier, and the earth is several millions
of years old. This again was a challenge to the medieval concept of
religion.
But the third thing is most important. When Newton discovered the law
of gravitation and concluded that everything that is happening in the
physical world can be mathematically deduced by the logical process of
conclusion drawn from premises, and the world which is physical in its
nature is contained within the cup of space and time, and when his
successor or follower Laplace wrote the five volumes on 'Celestial
Mechanics,' the war between science and religion appeared to have
commenced. We are told that the writings of Laplace were presented to
Napoleon for his consideration. Napoleon seems to have declared,
"Monsieur, I do not see God in your scheme"; and the answer of Laplace
seems to have been, "Your highness, I have used the best of
telescopes, but I have not found God anywhere." This is classical
science: God has to be seen in order to be believed.
Does it follow then that whatever we see with our eyes really exists?
Can we establish logically or scientifically that the world exists at
all? Which scientific procedure can establish the truth of the
externality of the world? Science is against any kind of hypothesis
and taking for granted anything unproved. But is there any proof to
substantiate the belief that the world exists, except the assertion
that it is seen? The senses come in contact with what we call the
panorama of the external world. That is the proof!
Here, science fumbles. It is trying to cut the ground from under its
own feet. Taking anything for granted is not the beginning of science.
We cannot even take for granted that the world exists unless we prove
that it exists. One cannot prove one's own existence even. How do you
know that you are existing? Where is the syllogism by which you have
deduced the consequence of your existence from a premise? What is the
proof that can establish the truth of your own existence? Bring the
argument and let us see what it is that tells you that you really
exist.
It was the French philosopher Rene Descartes who took up this question
of doubting the existence of his own self: "Some devil may be working
in my mind. It may be telling me everything in a topsy-turvy way. The
world may not be there. I may not be here. Everything is doubtful.
There is no certainty of anything. I can doubt the validity of
anything and everything." But he went deeper into this phenomenon of
doubt and discovered that doubt is not possible unless there is
someone who is to doubt; if the doubter also is to be doubted, the
very fact of doubting loses its meaning. Nobody can be an utter
sceptic, because that defeats the very purpose of scepticism. I am
thinking and, therefore, I must be existing. This is Descartes'
conclusion.
What sort of existence is mine? I am conscious that I am existing.
What is that consciousness? "I am an individual; I am Mr. so-and-so,"
is my consciousness of existence. Is the consciousness of the
existence of a personality a complete acceptance of the truth of life?
He concluded that this cannot be the ultimate truth of life because
there is a longing to break the boundaries of personality in everyone.
No one can tolerate finitude. The finite consciousness, which is
proved by the very fact of my knowing that I am, establishes the
validity of there being something which is not finite. What is it that
is not the finite? It should not be a multitude of finites; it should
be the Infinite. My existence as a finite being, substantiated by the
indubitability of this assertion, also brings about a wider unexpected
consequence,-namely the Infinite also should exist; therefore, God
exists. If I am existing, God has to exist, because the concept of God
is only a cosmic correlative of the acceptance of one's own being as a
finite individual. The finiteness of individuality proves the
infinitude of the Truth of life. This smashes the erstwhile concept of
the externality of the world, and the dichotomy that is seen between
the perceiver and the perceived.
Now I am touching upon the threat that theoretical science poses
before religion. Here, it is also necessary to understand what
religion is. Though we are trying to analyse the practical and
theoretical aspects of science, do we know what religion is? Religion
basically is a longing for what is above oneself. There is something
transcending myself; but for that fact, I would be a most happy person
in this world. I would be carefree, secure ultimately, and perfect in
every sense of the term. But no one feels that one is perfect. There
is always a complaint that something is wrong, something is
inadequate, something is insufficient. Finally, there is a threat of
extinction of the existence of the individual himself. Death comes
upon oneself.
These are the fears of the psyche, which have a basis and a
truthfulness in the sense that they indicate the possibility of the
existence of some realm where these insecure conditions are overcome
completely.
The truths of life seem to be in several layers of self-transcendence,
one rising above the other, and the lower does not satisfy until the
next higher one is reached. We can never be satisfied with anything in
this world because satisfaction cannot arise from that which is
totally outside us. The outsideness of the values of life and the
objects supposed to bring us satisfaction defeats the very attempt at
acquiring any kind of permanent joy and satisfaction in this world.
That from which we seek satisfaction, namely the objects of sense, are
incapable of contact by the perceiver because of the fact that they
are outside. We have already dubbed the world as something totally
external to us, unconnected with us, and therefore, we can expect
nothing from the world. Nevertheless, man runs after the pleasures of
life in the form of contact with objects which are totally outside.
Here is a contradiction in the very operation of desire itself. It is
a self- defeating attempt of what we call human desire.
Desire is the longing to possess that which is not within oneself, but
which is outside. But the outsideness of the object prevents its
coming in contact with the experiencing consciousness. So every desire
ends in tragedy, frustration and utter defeat, and no one ever goes
from this world with the satisfaction that the attempt has succeeded.
Everything is lost. The conclusion of the old man who is about to
depart is that the whole life has become futile, and there is no value
or worth in anything, because he has lived a life of pursuing that
which one cannot expect in a world that is totally outside.
The religious ideal is not based on the concept of the externality of
the world, or the internality of anything. The world is neither
outside us, nor is it inside. We are integrally related to the world;
so is the case with the world in respect of our own selves. We are not
sitting outside the world, we are in the world, but not inside the
world as something contained in a pot. The relationship between the
individual and the cosmos is of an organic whole. To put it in a more
plain way, we may say it is something like the organs of the body
getting related to the bodily organism itself. Though the hand and the
feet can be perceived by oneself as objects of sense, they do not
remain as external objects. They are organic parts of the whole body,
which is the transcendence of the limbs. Thus, religion rises above
the classical scientific notion of the externality of the world and
touches upon what we may call the universal concept of the truth of
life.
The Truth, which is the ultimate aim of the religious pursuit, is an
all-comprehensive universal inclusiveness, and here it does not go
hand in hand with classical physics which requires the world to be
totally outside. The clash between physical science in its classical
form and the religious ideal lies in this fact that on one side it is
asserted that the fact of life is a universal inclusiveness; on the
other side, it is asserted that it is totally outside.
Later, towards the middle of the twentieth century, the theories of
science got modified systematically, and more considerate and
investigative scientists found that it is impossible to know anything
unless there is a relationship between the knower and the known. A
totally disconnected object, as the world is, cannot be known by any
individual consciousness. The involvement of the object of perception
in the subjective operation of visualising is necessary in order that
perception can take place at all. There must be an en rapport between
the perceiving consciousness and the perceived object. The two stand
parallel to each other. Neither is the world above the individual, nor
is the individual above the world. They are coeval in time and space.
We are of the same stuff as the world is made of, and we are living in
a realm which is just the physical realm of the five elements. The
world is a constitution of the five physical elements,-earth, water,
fire, air, and ether, which also are the building bricks of the
individual body. The very substance of our physical existence is the
same as the substance of the physical world. The building bricks of
the cosmos are the building bricks of our own personalities. Then, if
that is the case, what is it that makes us feel that we are different
from the world? It is an interference of a particular unintelligible
phenomenon called space and time. Though classical physics from the
point of view of Newton considered that space and time have nothing to
do with the contents of the world, it was later discovered that space
and time are vitally connected with every physical event in the world.
It is in the Taittiriya Upanishad that we hear of the evolutionary
process of the cosmos. Tasmadva etasmadatmana akashah sambhutah: From
the Universal Absolute, the Selfhood of the cosmos, space emanated.
Here, we must realise that even space has a connection with the
Absolute. Akashadvayuh; The principle of air emanated from the
vibrations of space. Vayoragnih; Friction created by the movement of
air created heat, which is fire. Agnerapah; The condensation of the
heat of fire produced the liquid condition of the world, which is
water. The solidification of water became the earth principle, Adbhyah
prithivi. Prithivya oshadhayah: From the earth arise all herbs, plants
and trees, which are the foodstuff of animals and human beings.
Oshadhibhyannam; All that we eat arises from the plants and trees and
vegetables and such edible articles produced by the earth.
Annatpurushah; The human arises as a latecomer in the process of
evolution. This physical body is annamaya, constituted of the
foodstuff which is the earth principle, which again is an evolutionary
consequence of the water principle, that again of the fire principle,
the fire principle of the air principle, the air principle of the
space principle, and the space principle is rooted in the Universal
Existence.
So, you can know your connection with the Ultimate Reality. We are
sunk deep in Ultimate Being. We are an automatic evolute in the lowest
form of its expression, in its physical, material form, which is the
spatio-temporal expression of the non-spatial and non-temporal Supreme
Being which is Ultimate Consciousness: satyam jnanamanantam brahma.
Lofty is this concept. Today, the more understanding type of physical
scientists have practically stumbled upon this great concept of the
Upanishads. Mathematicians who declared that the world is only
equations, point events, and waves of probability, or a continuum of
some indescribable stuff which is incapable of description, have
inadvertently been forced to accept that existence is indivisible.
This conclusion should be drawn by the consciousness of the scientist
himself.
The great physicist, Sir Arthur Eddington, who would not accept that
there is God or such a thing as consciousness, fell upon this
acceptance inadvertently, unconsciously, as it were. In his great book
"The Nature of the Physical World," he utters gospel truth: "The stuff
of the world is consciousness."
Science misunderstood is a threat to religion; if you consider it only
as a technological process of flying with great speed, and working
through satellite, television and internet, that would be a poor
concept of science. Science is noble investigative procedure, which
can take us to the depths of the secrets of life, if dispassionately
we go with it.
Here is an unexpected discovery of science that the stuff of the world
has to be consciousness. Why is it so? It is because the world has to
be known in order that it may be accepted to exist. Who is telling you
that the world is existing? Your consciousness is telling this. How
does the consciousness know that the world is existing, unless this
consciousness is pervading the world of perception? The imbibition of
the very structure of the physical world into the structure of
consciousness is the reason why we believe in the existence of a
world, and that it is outside. So, there is finally no conflict
between the highest discoveries of science and the noble aspirations
of religion.
By "religion" we are not meaning Hinduism, Christianity,
Buddhism,-this "ism," that "ism," and all that. These are all
designated denominational forms of the true meaning of religion.
Religion is the aspiration of the soul for its ultimate destiny. It is
a search of the individual for the Absolute. It is a longing of the
spirit within us for God Almighty. It has nothing to do with any
"ism," and no one can be free from this eternal longing for
perfection, which may better be called spiritual aspiration rather
than a religious longing, because of the abuse of the word "religion"
in modern times, under historical circumstances, and in the studies in
schools and colleges.
People who are now considering themselves as scientists and very
advanced in logical thinking pooh-pooh religion, thinking that it is
an old grandmother's story, because their idea of religion is so poor,
as is their concept of science. There is a tragedy that has befallen
every one of us in our not being able to be precise in our knowledge
of things, whether it is scientific or religious.
There is no conflict. There was a time in the Middle Ages when
physical science appeared to be clashing with the theological
doctrines of the church. The church excommnunicated many scientists,
and they were punished with severe indictments from the Pope. An
inquisition was set up in the Middle Ages,-for us, very unthinkable,
indeed. People were burnt, thrown into the flames by dogmatic
religious followers, and science retaliated and disconnected itself
from the Pope.
Today we are in a different world altogether. The conflict has ceased;
at least, it is appearing to be ceasing. Though it was once said, "The
East is East and the West is West, and the twain shall never meet," I
think today it is attempting to come together, and is meeting. The
West and the East wish to shake hands with each other and accept their
common heritage as human beings, rather than Westerners and
Easterners, scientists and religious followers, seekers of God and
seekers of material values.
There are several textbooks written these days, where powerful
monograph have gone into the depths of this harmony that is already
existing between the external and the universal. Though the external
may be different from the internal, it cannot be external to the
universal. The universal is a transcendent element which rises above
both the subjective side and the objective side. We cannot even know
that there is anything outside us unless there is a third element
which is not ourselves, and not the object that is perceived, also.
Because of the externality of the object of perception and the
internality of consciousness, there is no connection between the two,
and knowledge is impossible; no one can know that anything is. But
there is a transcendent principle. Eastern thought considers this as
adhidaiva, a spiritual principle operating as a transcendental
element,-unknown and unperceivable, but operating between the
subjective side and the objective side.
The subjective side is called the adhyatma, the objective is
adhibhauta, and the transcendent is adhidaiva. All the three have to
work together in order that there may be perception at all. But we are
so poor in our understanding that we know little of ourselves, and
much less of the world, and nothing at all of this transcendental
operation. Gods are behind our eyes and ears, our nose and tongue, and
our sensations. These gods which are the denizens of heaven are the
operators of this mechanism called the physical body with its sense
organs. It is a presumption on the part of the egoistic individual to
think that he or she is working. The workers are the great divine
beings which are transcendent adhidaivas,-gods in heaven, as we call
them. But they are invisible. They are invisible because they are
neither inside nor outside; they are "above."
Here is a path-finding direction for both science and religion, so
that if they work together in harmony they can create a world of joy
and satisfaction that life is worth living. Do you want to depart from
this world with the tragic feeling that nothing has been achieved? The
world has eluded the grasp of everybody. Kings have come, empires rose
and fell, and the earth has not changed. It appears to be so because
of our wrong evaluation of the historical process. History is actually
a natural process of the cosmos. It is the total operation taking
place in the whole of creation, even when a little event is taking
place somewhere in a corner of the world. Our learned speaker
mentioned about quantum mechanics and the discoveries of relativity,
etc., which highlighted the astounding truth of sudden and
simultaneous action taking place in the universe. Every event is a
simultaneous event. It is not taking place yesterday and tomorrow; it
is just now, everywhere.
Did not the poet tell us that we cannot touch the petals of a flower
in our garden without disturbing the stars in the heavens? It is not
poetry; it is the truth. Every event is a universal event. Anything
that is taking place anywhere takes place everywhere, and we are
living throughout the universe, in all parts of the cosmos. Our
individuality is not confined merely to this earth planet. It is
everywhere in different parts.
Scientists today have discovered the possibility of worlds within
worlds, and the possibility of many worlds, and our being inhabitants
of all these worlds simultaneously. "Simultaneously" is the word we
have to underline. We are not inhabiting these many worlds in
succession,-today here, tomorrow somewhere else. At one stroke, in a
timeless manner, we inhabit the whole cosmos, and we are world
citizens working in different forms. Unknown to our own selves, one
part of ourselves is here on this earth performing activities in this
way, and another part of our own archetypal nature is in the heaven,
even today.
Our higher self in the heaven is pulling us and summoning us: "Come
on. You are not here, where you appear to be. You are in the heaven."
That is why we are longing for the higher values of life, and we can
never be satisfied; we are always unsatisfied because we are not in
this world. We are really in some other world,-not only in some other
world, we are in all the worlds. This universal operation of
individuals is a great discovery of modern Quantum Mechanics, which is
quite different from that science which appears to be in conflict with
religion. Science has become spirituality; physics has become
metaphysics.
This is a wonder toward the end of the twentieth century that we are
seeing; we believe that God shall come. The kingdom of heaven is
within us; it is within us, because it is everywhere. How can a large
kingdom be contained within our little frame of physical existence? It
is because the inwardness of our existence is not actually the
physical inwardness. The whole universe can be within us.
It is the Chandogya Upanishad which tells us that whatever is
happening in the outside world is happening within us. If the sun is
shining there, it is shining inside, also. If it is hot outside, it is
hot inside, also. If it is raining outside, it is raining inside,
also. If there is thunder there, there is thunder here, also. But we
are so stupid that we cannot realise these events are taking place
within us, commensurate with all the things that are happening outside
in the world.
We are the world; thus, the discovery of science today tells us. This
is what the great Yoga Vasishtha scripture tells us. This is what the
Upanishads tell us. It is not merely the twain of West and East that
is coming together; God and man are shaking hands with each other in
this vast kingdom of universal creation.
http://www.dlshq.org/messages/scichalrel.htm