Fwd: sci.geo.earthquakes - details of Fukushima - quake from Potsdam- germany

[Scala Richter]

welcome- about FUKUSHIMA - Quake - Japan

http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/portal/gfz/Public+Relations/M40-Bildarchiv/001_+Japan%3Bjsessionid=0D3CEF1363B5C3A37879A2ED2A1A4A52

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: sci.geo.earthquakes group <nor...@googlegroups.com>
Date: 17 March 2011 08:43
Subject: sci.geo.earthquakes - 15 new messages in 9 topics - digest
To: "sci.geo.earthquakes digest subscribers" <sci.geo.e...@googlegroups.com>



sci.geo.earthquakes
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes?hl=en

sci.geo.e...@googlegroups.com

Today's topics:

* A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE IN NORTH AMERICA IMMINENT? - 2 messages, 2 authors
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/0d4e5e3184c63804?hl=en
* How is the death toll obtained after an earthquake? - 2 messages, 2 authors
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/b78d7ec751c57797?hl=en
* 52 events 6+ in 30 days! A new attitude is needed! - 1 messages, 1 author
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/0d31f64a7e194fbe?hl=en
* foreshock prediction potential - 2 messages, 2 authors
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/17ca06eefb64e4ca?hl=en
* Large Quake Strikes Near Japan - 3 messages, 2 authors
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/059b3eaf82096373?hl=en
* GEOLOGISTS RAISE CONCERN OVER BHARAT'S NUCLEAR SECURITY - 2 messages, 1
author
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/a363a12d5d4d2686?hl=en
* Viscous Cycle: Quartz Is Key to Plate Tectonics - 1 messages, 1 author
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/f6190712cb08dcb9?hl=en
* Exploring the Structure and Evolution of the North American Continent - 1
messages, 1 author
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/eae7a5d28fa5cb0b?hl=en
* Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan - 1 messages, 1 author
 http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/54b867dcbf059993?hl=en

==============================================================================
TOPIC: A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE IN NORTH AMERICA IMMINENT?
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/0d4e5e3184c63804?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 12:00 am
From: use...@mantra.com and/or www.mantra.com/jai (Dr. Jai Maharaj)


An ongoing discussion here:

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2689504/posts

Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi
Om Shanti

> A Major Earthquake in North America Imminent?
>
> http://www.foxbusiness.com/on-air/cavuto/transcript/major-earthquake-north-america-imminent
>
> A previous post:
>
> US Mega-Quake Coming Warn Russian Scientists
>
> http://beforeitsnews.com/story/478/998/US_Mega-Quake_Coming_Warn_Russian_Scien
> tists.html
>
> An ongoing discussion here:
>
> http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2688590/posts




== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 9:02 am
From: alexis Sagredo


On Mar 16, 2:59 am, use...@mantra.com and/or www.mantra.com/jai (Dr.
Jai Maharaj) wrote:
> A Major Earthquake in North America Imminent?
>
> http://www.foxbusiness.com/on-air/cavuto/transcript/major-earthquake-...
>
> A previous post:
>
> US Mega-Quake Coming Warn Russian Scientists
>
> http://beforeitsnews.com/story/478/998/US_Mega-Quake_Coming_Warn_Russ...
>
> An ongoing discussion here:
>
> http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2688590/posts
>
> Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi
> Om Shanti

Dr. Maharaj, It is quite interesting that people are thinking in
extraplanet energy. I`m not  so fond of theories. I'm a professional
Engineer, (A retired lecturer on). My goal is to use the knowledge of
different
sciences, etc. to produce a result.
I had said here that it is easy for me to predict de very big FOR
thePLANET, (a time window of some days),not yet the place.
So, till May, nothing  more than 7,5 for the Earth!
Alexis





==============================================================================
TOPIC: How is the death toll obtained after an earthquake?
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/b78d7ec751c57797?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 9:11 am
From: Weatherlawyer


On Mar 16, 6:09 am, neil <anil...@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mar 14, 4:38 am, qquito <qqu...@hotmail.com> wrote:
>
> > Hello, Al
>
> > After an earthquake, or any other large-scale natural disaster, how
> > are the numbers of deaths and missing people obtained? Are they from
> > statistics of reports of individual cases to a central authority?
>
> Hi <insert name here: Roland, Ronald, Al, whatever>
>
> I think it works somewhat in this way - The local governing agencies
> of towns (the municipal) have the detailed record of each and every
> street and house in the town or locality. When such a calamity is
> struck, the police and the municipal agency comes together on the
> records and identifies the total affected population by demography,
> and calls for reporting to base camp, unreported are termed as
> missing.
>
> Its my understanding as a statistics scholar, dunno the ground
> realities.

When the Normandy invasion went on in WW2 the dead were counted by
photograph. They were lining the beaches of the Omaha section like
seals at a Canadian picnic.

I imagine the first figures would have come from military jets
overflying the area. Reports of bodies were measured by the hundreds
and no exact figure given.

That sounds like a political/military estimate. I believe Herschell
developed the technique to estimate the number of stars.

Then the state steps in.
Political damage control is quite divorced from whatever is released
to the press. The plutonium rods for instance are highly flamable. But
the story put out was that hydrogen evolved from the water at intense
heat was the cause of explosions.
(Well, it is an electricity supply plant....)

Once radio active elements pool they can do almost anything including
detonate in a dirty nuclear explosion.

There was talk of cadmium (IIRC) boron containers holding the fuel
safely. As if the thin coating they put on them will do much good.
They are there to help control the emission but their primary function
is for handling the rods and separating them from the furnace walls.

They are wafer thin and the fuel obviously has to come out of one end
to maintain a reaction when required.

But nothing like that was mentioned.

Also conspicious by its absence was the accident amelioration
technique devised for difficult to evaccuate regions with poor
infrastructure of the type of place they like to put nuclear
generators.

The reason they put them so far from where they are needed is because
they are bloody dangerous. Although everyone in Tokio would be able to
get out of Tokio if they built one there and it went tits-up, rural
regions tend to have only two or three roads. And not a lot of say in
a democracy.

And one of the roads will be the one to the nuclear plant.

As far as I know the people worst hit are still waiting for water,
they still have nothing. (Well they had a tidal wave if that counts.)

But not to worry, the Japanese government is getting the economy under
control by giving the banks plenty of money to play with.

Ooh and it makes me wonder
Ooh and it makes me wonder

<Wonders away, whistling to self>




== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 10:00 am
From: kolldata


taxes=BINGO

HOWEVER, realities are akin to war on the nuke scale.

who's left to know whose left ?






==============================================================================
TOPIC: 52 events 6+ in 30 days! A new attitude is needed!
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/0d31f64a7e194fbe?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 9:27 am
From: Weatherlawyer


On Mar 16, 2:54 am, alexis Sagredo <betterappro...@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mar 14, 10:24 am, Weatherlawyer <weatherlaw...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> > On Mar 14, 4:30 am, alexis Sagredo <betterappro...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > > From  the  Earthquake 6.8 in the South of my country, CHILE, Febr. 12, 2011 till
> > > 6.0 in Japan, March,13, 2011, (11.37 UTC), we have 52 cases Magn. 6 or
> > > more, included  the 8.9 (or 9.1) of the terrible Tsunami in Japan!
>
> > Conception is the only place that appears regularly on the USGS lists,
> > nowadays refered to as Bio Bio. (Nice name for a river in a tropical
> > climate by the way.)
> > Want to tell us more about the area?
>
> > I'd rather read stuff on that than chase up stuff that might be less
> > informative than my own.
>
> > Since the relationship with weather and earthquakws is a constant -
> > with an almost direct ratio of storm strength to magnitude, a Mag 6 is
> > only the equivalent of a moderate hurricane.
>
> > > You know that I have some posts here on statistics. Now I can tell
> > > you, that with the Tsunami of December 26, 2004 we had 36 events
> > > in 30 days, Magn. 6+.
>
> > I think it was many more than that but the databases don't return
> > anything like the NEIC list given in the 7 days recent quakes
> > bulletins. Pity some fool stopped a newbie here from posting them.
>
> > It would have been handy to have them as a reference.
>
> > > For 8.8 in Chile, Febr. 27, 2010 it was 35... So, 52 earthquakes , 6+,  in
> > > a month for is absolutely OUT of LIMITS!
>
> > There is no limit to the possibilities. I think a lot of it has to do
> > with deforestation somehow. But that is mere speculation. (Insopired
> > however so I won't give up on that one.)
>
> > What is definite is that they are related to the phenomenon called the
> > Blocking Highs. Japanese quakes in particular seem to relate to the
> > anomaly over Britain with severe storms and a predeliction for tremors
> > on Jan Mayen Island (somewhere between northern Norway and Greenland.)
>
> > > A complete change of attitude is needed, this Energy is extra-planetary.
>
> > Quite but don't waste your time trying to convince anyone on here they
> > seem brain dead.
>
> > > See the work of J. H. Shirley, Pasadena, CA.
>
> > *******
>
> > One has to ask why the Japanese were using plutonium in their
> > reactors.
> > The safest way to use plutonium in reactors is in submarines parked
> > over really deep parts of the ocean.
> > And not even then!
>
> > When plutonium is used in civilian plants, the safety margin has
> > already been crossed.
>
> Michael, thanks for your comments, but ...some limits must be
> considered...for instance, 66 6+...?
> Concepción, It is not tropical. Usually  it is rainy from April to
> September.  I was a full Professor  there
> at the Concepción University, for 3 years.

There were 125 quakes of Mag 6 last year earthwide. They come in
spates earth-wide. Several of them in a lunar spell. Then all the
events, large and small, take place in totally different regions as
the cause of the acoustics changes where the static waves focus.

125 M.6+ on something like 65 days

Tropical/subtropical. You have a rainy season. There is thus a
tendency for it to be cyclical.
It's easier to see a five day wave in tropical/subtropical regions.
But they exist in maritime climates like Britain's too. They show up
very well on the North Atlantic charts as sea surface pressure trends.

The Lows coming out of North America tend to split up whilst crossing
that continent. Take a look at the Unisys chart loop on their front
page over a few weeks.

When they leave the USA at Cape Hatteras you get quakes in Chile and
the Aleutians. You should be able to work with that info and increase
your ability to understand what I am saying, accordingly.

When the Lows get to the Mid Atlantic Ridge they build up as a
standing wave. Depending on the type od spell the pressure levels they
need to reach to cross the ridge increases (lowers for Lows builds for
Highs but Highs rarely go past the Azores unless there is a problem in
the system.)

Lows leaving from higher latitudes -Newfoundland usually, tend to
build up south of Iceland -the Icelandic Low. They then go to Norway
unless there is a problem in the system.

Problems in the system result in tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions or ... I forget the other one.. Oh yes tropical/subtropical
storms.

That's about all you need to know to work the rest out for yourself.

The "rest" is just a matter of putting the charts against the
activities and proving me correct.

And trying like hell to get someone interested.
Or not, as the case may be.






==============================================================================
TOPIC: foreshock prediction potential
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/17ca06eefb64e4ca?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 9:36 am
From: Weatherlawyer


On Mar 16, 2:47 am, alexis Sagredo <betterappro...@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mar 14, 2:43 pm, "rick++" <rick...@hotmail.com> wrote:
>
> > Honshu had a M7 two days earlier.
> > From statistics there is about a 5% on one magnitude larger event
> > happening within a week.
> > Perhaps there might be something distinctive about this foreshock that
> > could be helpful in forecasting.
>
> Quite reasonable as you know!
> Last year, June, 29th 09.15, I  said that a circle of 65Km is useful,

65 Km is 5/8ths of a degree about the spread of most aftershocks in a
series.

> and of course, the site was
> really active, also before the foreshock.

Aftershock, foreshock..
Bull. They all have causes.

> But, what is your opinion on the hiper clusterization?

Putting the cart before the horse will still get some power to the
vehicle. The clustering must be taking place becase the sound that
couses it is getting there. The only delivery system I can imagine is
a planetary wave. There must be a channel running from the Norwegian
Sea to the seas around Japan.

There is a distinctly long lived Low near Jan mayen Island. Look at
pdfs of rossby waves and notice how they devolve over 120 degrees.
Something like that is going on via the skies.

Or I am a little tea pot.








== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 10:03 am
From: kolldata


we've got it with the birds but Texans and esp Texas law enforcement,
Texas organized crime are not with it and exerting continuous pressure
to abort. One group LE asked state workers for loudspeaker to thwart
the bird recordings.

Nice pincer uplift to the New Madrid this morning.






==============================================================================
TOPIC: Large Quake Strikes Near Japan
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/059b3eaf82096373?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 3 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 9:42 am
From: Weatherlawyer


On Mar 13, 12:21 am, Belba Grubb <trungsister...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> On Mar 12, 4:33 pm, <nos...@nospam.invalid> wrote:
>
> > Check out this whirlpool, it looks like someone pulled the plug on
> > a bathtub... Is this subduction, subsidence or what?
>
> >http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPjZWpcOJaw
>
> Different processes, because it is water.  I don't know for sure, but
> believe it has to do with currents running in different directions and
> at different strengths.
>
> I remember seeing one not far off shore in a photo from the 2004
> Sumatra wave.

Whirlpools exist in narrow channels when the tides off the banks are
at different times.

They have a rock pinnacle and they have a deep pool both offset to the
centre.

The Northern Irish Sea is a large whirl pool with the deep trench
called the St george channel and a pinnacle called the Isle of man.

Ocean wide pools are called gyres and have well known amphidromic
centres.





== 2 of 3 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 7:03 pm
From: Belba Grubb


On Mar 13, 3:55 pm, Bob Officer <boboffic...@127.0.0.7>

> This is the water flowing back out at higher velocity over the top
> slower moving normal cross currents.

Thank you!

The maximum shift from what will inevitably be known informally as the
Nuclear Quake, was some 55 meters, per the person who tweeted a link
to this preliminary report from March 13th:
http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/ji/big_earthquakes/2011/03/0311_v2/Honshu_2.html

It's way above my head, but certainly there are people here who would
appreciate it, if they haven't already seen it or others along the
same lines.

Barb
----------
"I am standing on the treshold about to enter a room.  It is a
complicated
business.  In the first place I must shove against an atmosphere
pressing
with a force of fourteen pounds on every square inch of my body.  I
must
make sure of landing on a plank travelling at twenty miles a second
round
the sun - a fraction of a second too early or too late, the plank
would be
miles away.  I must do this whilst hanging from a round planet, head
outward in space, and with a wind of aether blowing at no one knows
how
many miles a second through every instice of my body."
-- Arthur S. Eddington in 'The nature of the Physical World' (1928),
quoted at http://http://www.xs4all.nl/~jcdverha/scijokes/2_2.html#subindex




== 3 of 3 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 7:12 pm
From: Belba Grubb


More information about whirlpools from "Geology in Motion" blog,
including mention of paleo-tsunamis: http://bit.ly/f7seHe

(Hat tip to Chris Rowan for the retweet.)

Barb
----------
"If there is magic on the planet, it is contained in Water."
 -- Loren Eiseley





==============================================================================
TOPIC: GEOLOGISTS RAISE CONCERN OVER BHARAT'S NUCLEAR SECURITY
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/a363a12d5d4d2686?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 1:49 pm
From: use...@mantra.com and/or www.mantra.com/jai (Dr. Jai Maharaj)


Forwarded message from S. Kalyanaraman

Geologists raise concern over India's N-security

Wednesday, March 16, 2011

There is also the big plate movement; the Indian plate subducting
under the Eurasian plate, moving nothwards 6 cm. per year, causing
the raise of the Himalayas by 1 cm. every year.

Plate tectonics move earth masses. Korea just shifted 6 cm. after the
recent Japan earthquake of 8.9 on the Richter scale. The Bhuj
earthquake of 26 Jan.

2001 of 8.3 on Richter scale was also caused by plate tectonics.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Himalaya-formation.gif

Source:

www.usgs.org

US Government website

See also:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earthquake_Information_for_Pakistan.gif

- S. Kalyanaraman

Geologists raise concern over India's N-security

By Killugudi Jayaraman
16 Mar 2011 05:02:04 PM IST

Bangalore: Despite the chorus of assurances from Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh downward that Indian nuclear plants are safe because
they are away from geological faults that can generate earthquakes or
tsunamis, some of India's leading geologists voiced concern in the
wake of the devastation caused by the 9-magnitude quake in Japan.

K.S. Valdiya, a renowned geologist at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
Advanced Scientific Research in Bangalore, is one of those who
believe that complacence will be harmful.

It is true the Dec 26, 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami did not result in
any damage to the Madras Atomic Power Station at Kalpakkam except
causing some flooding, but Valdiya says this was because the tsunami
originated from the subduction zone near Sumatra some 1,400 km away
from India.

"The same subduction zone (where two oceanic plates come together,
one riding over the other), as deep as near Sumatra, continues north
towards the Andaman Islands," Valdiya pointed out.

According to him, had the tsunami originated from near the Andaman
Islands, instead of Sumatra, the waves would have lashed India's
eastern coast with much greater ferocity and travelled much farther
inland.

Many tsunami-generating earthquakes had taken place near the Andaman
Islands and there is no guarantee that in future such mega-events
will not take place there closer to the eastern shore of mainland
India, he maintained.

Valdiya warned that India's west coast is also not immune to
tsunamis. He recalled that in 1945, Mumbai, then known as Bombay, was
lashed by tsunami waves triggered by an earthquake on the Makran
coast, which is another subduction zone in the Arabian Sea.

Most experts have grown up with the belief that there is no
geological fault in peninsular India. But Valdiya said this is not
true.

He said his latest work had confirmed that many of the so-called
"lineaments" that have been identified by remote sensing and field
work along the western coasts of Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra
"are actually geological faults" potentially capable of causing
earthquakes.

"Some of these faults are active, some inert and some are 'locked,'
meaning there is no movement taking place," Valdyia told IANS.

There are hundreds of faults with no movement, "but certainly
stresses and strains are accumulating there and when the limit is
exceeded there will be an earthquake," he said.

According to Valdiya, "one cannot simply locate nuclear plants on the
basis of today's hazard zoning map that is based on past occurrences
of earthquakes".

"Just because a fault has not been identified, it doesn't mean the
fault does not exist," he stressed.

Valdiya added that his work has also led to the discovery of a
seismic "hotspot" in the Indo-Gangetic plain that needs to be
addressed.

His findings will soon be published in the journal of the Geological
Society of India.

According to C.P. Rajendran of the Centre for Earth Sciences at the
Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, the biggest earthquake
threat to India is from the Himalayas.

"One of our major concerns should be the 2,500-km long Himalayan
plate boundary that extends from the northwest to northeast, a zone
that hosts potential fault lines that could generate both large and
great earthquakes (magnitude-7 and above)," he said.

There are gaps along the Himalayan axis, like the central Himalayas,
that have remained quiet for too long "that can reasonably be
expected to generate a great earthquake in the foreseeable future,"
Rajendran said.

The northeast Himalayas also host seismic gaps, he said. According to
Rajendran, the Jan 12, 2010, earthquake in Haiti and the Japanese
disaster should motivate geologists to thoroughly review India's
preparedness to tackle quake-related calamities.

"We need to focus both on the earthquake engineering and on the
scientific research of the earthquake processes," he said.

Vineet Gahalaut, senior geologist at the National Geophysical
Research Institute (NGRI) in Hyderabad agreed.

"The Japan region is the best instrumented region in the world and
even there this earthquake occurred as a surprise," he said.

"We need to improve our understanding of the earthquake occurrence
processes. We need more instrumental data," he said.

Are India's geologists prepared to face the Japan-type earthquake in
the country? "No," said Gahalaut.

"The biggest problem is the implementation of building codes and lack
of public awareness," Gahalaut told IANS.

Gahalaut added: "When death toll and economic losses in such a
technologically advanced country like Japan may reach so high,
imagine a country like India, where there is no law on building codes
and almost no public awareness."

Vinod Gaur, a renowned seismologist and former director of NGRI, said
that earthquake and tsunami threats are technologically manageable.
However, "India's record of managing even low-intensity hazards is
dismal".

The official toll from the 9-magnitude earthquake and the tsunami
that struck Japan on Friday is 2,722, but estimates were that the
number of dead would exceed 10,000.

Fears of a nuclear meltdown escalated sharply Tuesday with an
explosion in a third reactor in the Fukushima nuclear plant and a
fire at a fourth leading to an increase in radiation levels that the
government admitted were high enough to impact human health.

http://expressbuzz.com/edition/print.aspx?artid=256992

End of forwarded message from S. Kalyanaraman

Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi
Om Shanti

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== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 1:53 pm
From: use...@mantra.com and/or www.mantra.com/jai (Dr. Jai Maharaj)


Forwarded message from A. S.

Wednesday, March 16, 2011

India has unnecessarily jumped into nuclear group; it has its own
energy  resources. It does not want to be a swavlambi but wants to be
dependent on others. The benefit goes to those making decisions -
money in the Swiss bank account.

End of forwarded message from A. S.

Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi
Om Shanti

Forwarded message from S. Kalyanaraman
>
> Geologists raise concern over India's N-security
>
> Wednesday, March 16, 2011
>
> There is also the big plate movement; the Indian plate subducting
> under the Eurasian plate, moving nothwards 6 cm. per year, causing
> the raise of the Himalayas by 1 cm. every year.
>
> Plate tectonics move earth masses. Korea just shifted 6 cm. after the
> recent Japan earthquake of 8.9 on the Richter scale. The Bhuj
> earthquake of 26 Jan.
>
> 2001 of 8.3 on Richter scale was also caused by plate tectonics.
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Himalaya-formation.gif
>
> Source:
>
> www.usgs.org
>
> US Government website
>
> See also:
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earthquake_Information_for_Pakistan.gif
>
> - S. Kalyanaraman
>
> Geologists raise concern over India's N-security
>
> By Killugudi Jayaraman
> 16 Mar 2011 05:02:04 PM IST
>
> Bangalore: Despite the chorus of assurances from Prime Minister
> Manmohan Singh downward that Indian nuclear plants are safe because
> they are away from geological faults that can generate earthquakes or
> tsunamis, some of India's leading geologists voiced concern in the
> wake of the devastation caused by the 9-magnitude quake in Japan.
>
> K.S. Valdiya, a renowned geologist at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
> Advanced Scientific Research in Bangalore, is one of those who
> believe that complacence will be harmful.
>
> It is true the Dec 26, 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami did not result in
> any damage to the Madras Atomic Power Station at Kalpakkam except
> causing some flooding, but Valdiya says this was because the tsunami
> originated from the subduction zone near Sumatra some 1,400 km away
> from India.
>
> "The same subduction zone (where two oceanic plates come together,
> one riding over the other), as deep as near Sumatra, continues north
> towards the Andaman Islands," Valdiya pointed out.
>
> According to him, had the tsunami originated from near the Andaman
> Islands, instead of Sumatra, the waves would have lashed India's
> eastern coast with much greater ferocity and travelled much farther
> inland.
>
> Many tsunami-generating earthquakes had taken place near the Andaman
> Islands and there is no guarantee that in future such mega-events
> will not take place there closer to the eastern shore of mainland
> India, he maintained.
>
> Valdiya warned that India's west coast is also not immune to
> tsunamis. He recalled that in 1945, Mumbai, then known as Bombay, was
> lashed by tsunami waves triggered by an earthquake on the Makran
> coast, which is another subduction zone in the Arabian Sea.
>
> Most experts have grown up with the belief that there is no
> geological fault in peninsular India. But Valdiya said this is not
> true.
>
> He said his latest work had confirmed that many of the so-called
> "lineaments" that have been identified by remote sensing and field
> work along the western coasts of Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra
> "are actually geological faults" potentially capable of causing
> earthquakes.
>
> "Some of these faults are active, some inert and some are 'locked,'
> meaning there is no movement taking place," Valdyia told IANS.
>
> There are hundreds of faults with no movement, "but certainly
> stresses and strains are accumulating there and when the limit is
> exceeded there will be an earthquake," he said.
>
> According to Valdiya, "one cannot simply locate nuclear plants on the
> basis of today's hazard zoning map that is based on past occurrences
> of earthquakes".
>
> "Just because a fault has not been identified, it doesn't mean the
> fault does not exist," he stressed.
>
> Valdiya added that his work has also led to the discovery of a
> seismic "hotspot" in the Indo-Gangetic plain that needs to be
> addressed.
>
> His findings will soon be published in the journal of the Geological
> Society of India.
>
> According to C.P. Rajendran of the Centre for Earth Sciences at the
> Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, the biggest earthquake
> threat to India is from the Himalayas.
>
> "One of our major concerns should be the 2,500-km long Himalayan
> plate boundary that extends from the northwest to northeast, a zone
> that hosts potential fault lines that could generate both large and
> great earthquakes (magnitude-7 and above)," he said.
>
> There are gaps along the Himalayan axis, like the central Himalayas,
> that have remained quiet for too long "that can reasonably be
> expected to generate a great earthquake in the foreseeable future,"
> Rajendran said.
>
> The northeast Himalayas also host seismic gaps, he said. According to
> Rajendran, the Jan 12, 2010, earthquake in Haiti and the Japanese
> disaster should motivate geologists to thoroughly review India's
> preparedness to tackle quake-related calamities.
>
> "We need to focus both on the earthquake engineering and on the
> scientific research of the earthquake processes," he said.
>
> Vineet Gahalaut, senior geologist at the National Geophysical
> Research Institute (NGRI) in Hyderabad agreed.
>
> "The Japan region is the best instrumented region in the world and
> even there this earthquake occurred as a surprise," he said.
>
> "We need to improve our understanding of the earthquake occurrence
> processes. We need more instrumental data," he said.
>
> Are India's geologists prepared to face the Japan-type earthquake in
> the country? "No," said Gahalaut.
>
> "The biggest problem is the implementation of building codes and lack
> of public awareness," Gahalaut told IANS.
>
> Gahalaut added: "When death toll and economic losses in such a
> technologically advanced country like Japan may reach so high,
> imagine a country like India, where there is no law on building codes
> and almost no public awareness."
>
> Vinod Gaur, a renowned seismologist and former director of NGRI, said
> that earthquake and tsunami threats are technologically manageable.
> However, "India's record of managing even low-intensity hazards is
> dismal".
>
> The official toll from the 9-magnitude earthquake and the tsunami
> that struck Japan on Friday is 2,722, but estimates were that the
> number of dead would exceed 10,000.
>
> Fears of a nuclear meltdown escalated sharply Tuesday with an
> explosion in a third reactor in the Fukushima nuclear plant and a
> fire at a fourth leading to an increase in radiation levels that the
> government admitted were high enough to impact human health.
>
> http://expressbuzz.com/edition/print.aspx?artid=256992
>
> End of forwarded message from S. Kalyanaraman
>
> Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi
> Om Shanti
>
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==============================================================================
TOPIC: Viscous Cycle: Quartz Is Key to Plate Tectonics
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/f6190712cb08dcb9?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 5:33 pm
From: charles


ScienceDaily (Mar. 16, 2011) � More than 40 years ago, pioneering
tectonic geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson published a paper in the journal
Nature describing how ocean basins opened and closed along North
America's eastern seaboard.

His observations, dubbed "The Wilson Tectonic Cycle," suggested the
process occurred many times during Earth's long history, most recently
causing the giant supercontinent Pangaea to split into today's seven
continents.

Wilson's ideas were central to the so-called Plate Tectonic
Revolution, the foundation of contemporary theories for processes
underlying mountain-building and earthquakes.

Since his 1967 paper, additional studies have confirmed that
large-scale deformation of continents repeatedly occurs in some
regions but not others, though the reasons why remain poorly
understood.

<more>  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110316152949.htm





==============================================================================
TOPIC: Exploring the Structure and Evolution of the North American Continent
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/eae7a5d28fa5cb0b?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 6:30 pm
From: charles


http://www.earthscope.org/home

lots of stuff there.





==============================================================================
TOPIC: Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.earthquakes/t/54b867dcbf059993?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Wed, Mar 16 2011 8:29 pm
From: charles


http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/portal/gfz/Public+Relations/M40-Bildarchiv/001_+Japan;jsessionid=0D3CEF1363B5C3A37879A2ED2A1A4A52

Information and an animation of the various shocks associated with the
recent EQ




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--
We will show them within themselves and on the horizons, that it is the truth.