On the handling of North

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Mike Cowlishaw

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Mar 18, 2023, 12:23:15 PM3/18/23
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I've been puzzled over the last year or so about the way PTGui generates its panoramas, so  a few days ago I took four test panoramas using my Mavic 2 Pro drone.   The  test panoramas were spherical and started with the drone facing, in turn, North, East, South and West.

The automatic exposures on all four were almost ideal (far better that the Mavic 1 Pro, where the first image set the exposure for the rest, so manual exposure setting were usually needed).

More interesting, perhaps, is that the stitched equirectangular panoramas generated by the drone in flight are centered on the initial view, whereas the panoramas generated by PTGui from the same 26 images are centred on North.

This raises two questions:

a) Is there a way to generate panorama JPGs that are centered on the initial view?  (Reasons: when looking at a number of panoramas with an ordinary image viewer it is helpful if the point of interest is at the centre of the image; also Facebook often uses the image centre as the initial view despite image metadata.)

b) Given that PTGui evidently knows the direction of North, could this be included in the Metadata for the saved JPG?   At present this has to be added manually after the panorama has been stitched.

Of these, (b) is the more important (fixing (a) is quite simple after the fact, but it would be even simpler if done at the PTGui stage so it didn't need an extra step).

I can supply images as required.  One example I have already shared here (last year) is the 'cliffs and sea in Spain' image, where the drone was facing South but the PTGui panorama has the point of interest at the two edges of the JPG whereas the centre of the image is the uninteresting horizon to the North.

Mike


PTGui Support

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Mar 19, 2023, 2:52:37 AM3/19/23
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Hi Mike,

PTGui takes the GimbalYawDegree and GimbalPitchDegree fields from the
camera's metadata, and uses this for the initial yaw and pitch. Whether
that is meant to be the actual north I don't know. I haven't been able
to find any documentation for the DJI XMP metadata.

If there's GPS compass metadata, PTGui will update the north angle in
the metadata automatically. DJI doesn't seem to include this though.

If you disable the checkbox 'Position images automatically using
metadata from the camera's orientation sensor' (Project Settings, at the
bottom), PTGui will center the panorama around the first image.

Kind regards,

Joost Nieuwenhuijse
www.ptgui.com
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Kelly

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Mar 19, 2023, 6:58:34 AM3/19/23
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Hi Mike,
You might also want to play with the Yaw setting to tweak orientation available in the Numerical transformation (located on the right side panel of the Panorama Editor).

Yaw setting tweaked.PNG

Mike Cowlishaw

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Mar 19, 2023, 7:56:48 AM3/19/23
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OK, thanks both .. just the info I needed.

Joost .. how do you get the  GimbalYawDegree and GimbalPitchDegree fields?  These sould like private DJI values.

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Kelly

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Mar 19, 2023, 8:33:20 AM3/19/23
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The EXIF data contains a good bit of information including gimbal roll, pitch & yaw, provided the manufacturer has provided this data. Check out Phil's most excellent (command line) ExifTool (https://exiftool.org/) and though it's a bit dated, there's also a GUI (https://exiftool.org/gui/) for it linked from Phil's web site.

EXIF example.PNG

PTGui Support

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Mar 19, 2023, 8:50:13 AM3/19/23
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Hi Mike,

It's in the xmp data. Exiftool can show them.

Kind regards,

Joost Nieuwenhuijse
www.ptgui.com

On 19/03/2023 12:56, Mike Cowlishaw wrote:
> OK, thanks both .. just the info I needed.
>
> Joost .. how do you get the  GimbalYawDegree and GimbalPitchDegree
> fields?  These sould like private DJI values.
>
> On Sun, Mar 19, 2023 at 10:58 AM Kelly <v.kelly...@gmail.com
> <mailto:v.kelly...@gmail.com>> wrote:
>
> Hi Mike,
> You might also want to play with the Yaw setting to tweak
> orientation available in the Numerical transformation (located on
> the right side panel of the Panorama Editor).
>
> Yaw setting tweaked.PNG
>
> On Sunday, March 19, 2023 at 2:52:37 AM UTC-4 PTGui Support wrote:
>
> Hi Mike,
>
> PTGui takes the GimbalYawDegree and GimbalPitchDegree fields
> from the
> camera's metadata, and uses this for the initial yaw and pitch.
> Whether
> that is meant to be the actual north I don't know. I haven't
> been able
> to find any documentation for the DJI XMP metadata.
>
> If there's GPS compass metadata, PTGui will update the north
> angle in
> the metadata automatically. DJI doesn't seem to include this
> though.
>
> If you disable the checkbox 'Position images automatically using
> metadata from the camera's orientation sensor' (Project
> Settings, at the
> bottom), PTGui will center the panorama around the first image.
>
> Kind regards,
>
> Joost Nieuwenhuijse
> www.ptgui.com <http://www.ptgui.com>
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/ptgui/b51ce6e9-68ba-40e1-bb5a-cdaac0376a9en%40googlegroups.com <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/ptgui/b51ce6e9-68ba-40e1-bb5a-cdaac0376a9en%40googlegroups.com> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/ptgui/b51ce6e9-68ba-40e1-bb5a-cdaac0376a9en%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/ptgui/b51ce6e9-68ba-40e1-bb5a-cdaac0376a9en%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>>.
>
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Mike Cowlishaw

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Mar 19, 2023, 8:54:44 AM3/19/23
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OK, thanks.  I saw them in Exiftool but had forgotten that it can be used to just extract a single tag or two, so I can write a Rexx script to extract from the first original image and then insert it in the stitched panorama.   Even if it's a bit inaccurate it's a lot better than setting North by hand on each one.

Mike

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Philip Chong

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Mar 19, 2023, 9:23:58 AM3/19/23
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Mike, I see your drone photo. How do you handle the seam lines/stitch line on either sides? Once you get it stitch by PTGui, does it blend well at the seams/stitch line?

Mike Cowlishaw

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Mar 19, 2023, 1:33:52 PM3/19/23
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Yes, PTGui does an excellent job .. the left and right edges match exactly, regardless of where the initial  azimuth (yaw) of the drone.

Mike Cowlishaw

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Apr 10, 2023, 11:34:42 AM4/10/23
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OK, just back from field trip with a couple of dozen spherical DJI panoramas to stitch, so trying the "If you disable the checkbox 'Position images automatically using metadata from the camera's orientation sensor' (Project Settings, at the bottom), PTGui will center the panorama around the first image."

I eventually got this to work, using the sequence:
  1. New Project
  2. Advanced
  3. Project Settings
  4. Untick the 'Position images automatically...'
  5. Project Assistant
  6. Load Images
  7. Align Images
  8. Create Panorama x2
Then I tried the second spherical and the "Position images automatically" was back.  In short, the number of steps is doubled compared to a simple stitch, and it's really not obvious and easy to get wrong.

Is there a way to turn it off permanently?

Thanks -- Mike

PTGui Support

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Apr 10, 2023, 12:02:59 PM4/10/23
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Hi Mike,

You can do this:

1. New Project
2. Advanced
3. Project Settings
4. Untick the 'Position images automatically...'
5. File -> Make Default

But rather than changing the defaults, I would recommend to create a
template. Before loading the images, do File - Apply Template.

Kind regards,

Joost Nieuwenhuijse
www.ptgui.com

On 4/10/23 17:34, Mike Cowlishaw wrote:
> OK, just back from field trip with a couple of dozen spherical DJI
> panoramas to stitch, so trying the "If you disable the checkbox
> 'Position images automatically using metadata from the camera's
> orientation sensor' (Project Settings, at the bottom), PTGui will center
> the panorama around the first image."
>
> I eventually got this to work, using the sequence:
>
> 1. New Project
> 2. Advanced
> 3. Project Settings
> 4. Untick the 'Position images automatically...'
> 5. Project Assistant
> 6. Load Images
> 7. Align Images
> 8. Create Panorama x2
>
> Then I tried the second spherical and the "Position images
> automatically" was back.  In short, the number of steps is doubled
> compared to a simple stitch, and it's really not obvious and easy to get
> wrong.
>
> Is there a way to turn it off permanently?
>
> Thanks -- Mike
>
> On Sunday, 19 March 2023 at 06:52:37 UTC PTGui Support wrote:
>
> Hi Mike,
>
> PTGui takes the GimbalYawDegree and GimbalPitchDegree fields from the
> camera's metadata, and uses this for the initial yaw and pitch. Whether
> that is meant to be the actual north I don't know. I haven't been able
> to find any documentation for the DJI XMP metadata.
>
> If there's GPS compass metadata, PTGui will update the north angle in
> the metadata automatically. DJI doesn't seem to include this though.
>
> If you disable the checkbox 'Position images automatically using
> metadata from the camera's orientation sensor' (Project Settings, at
> the
> bottom), PTGui will center the panorama around the first image.
>
> Kind regards,
>
> Joost Nieuwenhuijse
> www.ptgui.com <http://www.ptgui.com>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
> Groups "PTGui Support" group.
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Mike Cowlishaw

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Apr 10, 2023, 12:46:47 PM4/10/23
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OK, thanks for the quick reply.    Will read about templates (but the set default sounds simpler..).

Also, I just discovered that having saved the JPG (which looks good), when I open it in PanGazer the initial view is not the centre of the image; instead it is exactly the opposite.  On investigation this seems to be because the "Initial View Heading Degrees" in the JPG produced by PTGui is 180°  .. is this related?

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PTGui Support

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Apr 10, 2023, 1:07:22 PM4/10/23
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Hi Mike,

I think the heading is specified as a compass angle between 0 and 360,
with 180 being the center of the image.

Joost Nieuwenhuijse
www.ptgui.com

On 4/10/23 18:46, Mike Cowlishaw wrote:
> OK, thanks for the quick reply.    Will read about templates (but the
> set default sounds simpler..).
>
> Also, I just discovered that having saved the JPG (which looks good),
> when I open it in PanGazer the initial view is not the centre of the
> image; instead it is exactly the opposite.  On investigation this seems
> to be because the "Initial View Heading Degrees" in the JPG produced by
> PTGui is 180°  .. is this related?
>
> On Mon, Apr 10, 2023 at 5:03 PM 'PTGui Support' via PTGui Support
> <pt...@googlegroups.com <mailto:pt...@googlegroups.com>> wrote:
>
> Hi Mike,
>
> You can do this:
>
> 1. New Project
> 2. Advanced
> 3. Project Settings
> 4. Untick the 'Position images automatically...'
> 5. File -> Make Default
>
> But rather than changing the defaults, I would recommend to create a
> template. Before loading the images, do File - Apply Template.
>
> Kind regards,
>
> Joost Nieuwenhuijse
> www.ptgui.com <http://www.ptgui.com>
> > www.ptgui.com <http://www.ptgui.com> <http://www.ptgui.com
> <mailto:ptgui%2Bun...@googlegroups.com>
> >      > <mailto:ptgui+un...@googlegroups.com
> <mailto:ptgui%2Bun...@googlegroups.com>>.
> >      > To view this discussion on the web visit
> >      >
> >
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Kelly

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Apr 10, 2023, 2:02:33 PM4/10/23
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Hi Mike,
Nice work on making PanGazer (https://speleotrove.com/pangazer/). I just installed it (from the PanGazer.msi; v2.18) and viewed a recent pano of mine and noticed that PanGazer's initial view was automatically set to -180° (looking south) for unknown reasons. Also, noted that the Show Compass Points overlay was checked, there were no compass points displayed This same pano when viewed in PTGui Viewer and on 360Cities (https://www.360cities.net/image/2023-world-record-ice-carousel-1st-day-of-as-built-survey) has an initial view looking north. Similarly true on another  https://www.360cities.net/image/2023-world-record-ice-carousel-1st-day-of-as-built-survey-alt-26-m). Both examples were created from aerial panos from Mavic Air 2 images.

Feel free to email me directly if you like.

Kind regards,
Kelly

Mike Cowlishaw

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Apr 11, 2023, 6:15:08 AM4/11/23
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Ah yes, I remember this is a 'grey area'.  The GPano:InitialViewHeadingDegrees is described by Google (in https://developers.google.com/streetview/spherical-metadata) as:

     The heading angle of the initial view in degrees clockwise from real world North, not relative to the pano center.

But it's not defined if 'real world North' is unknown.  I took the reference to the pano center to imply that the center is used in that case (North is unknown).   Certainly the InitialViewPitchDegrees would use the centre (the horizon) in a spherical image.

I'm not sure how to resolve this ... ideas?

Mike Cowlishaw

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Apr 11, 2023, 6:23:39 AM4/11/23
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Hi Kelly, yes the 180 is the item in discussion elsewhere in this thread -- PTGui sets the   GPano:InitialViewHeadingDegrees value to 180 which PanGazer interprets as being 180° from the centre of the image.  PTGui does not set the heading of North so this, strictly, is undefined.  I'm thinking PanGazer should just ignore the initial view setting if North is undefined (i.e., neither    GPano:PoseHeadingDegrees in the XMP nor the GPSImgDirection tag in the EXIF are set).

If North is not set then PanGazer cannot show compass points -- see:https://speleotrove.com/pangazer/setting_North.html

Mike

Kelly

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Apr 11, 2023, 7:35:19 AM4/11/23
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Hi Mike,
FYI & FWIW - 360Cities handles north for panos with and without the embedded orientation. When that orientation is lacking; e.g., my terrestrial camera doesn't geo-tag images, 360Cities will prompt for that information to be entered. - Kind regards, Kelly

Mike Cowlishaw

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Apr 11, 2023, 8:24:02 AM4/11/23
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I'll look at 360Cities.  But prompting is something that PanGazer doesn't do at the moment, and I'm reluctant to add that .. I'd find it very irritating when looking at other people's images where I have no idea of which direction they were pointing their camera...

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Mike Cowlishaw

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Apr 11, 2023, 10:36:16 AM4/11/23
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Hi Joost & Kelly, 

I've looked at this some more and I think I have a reasonable solution:  PanGazer now ignores the GPano:InitialViewHeadingDegrees (etc.) values unless the corresponding GPano:PoseHeadingDegrees (etc.) is also in the XMP.   This seems to work 'as expected' and is available now as PanGazer 2.19 at https://speleotrove.com/pangazer/download.html.

There are a couple of details I still need to double-check (e.g., how I tell a 'fake' North pose from a real one) but this seems reliable at present.

PTGui Support

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Apr 12, 2023, 5:09:59 PM4/12/23
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I just hardcoded it to 180 after this discussion:
https://groups.google.com/g/ptgui/c/ZyS-kt7t814
but that's not optimal indeed.

If the compass north is known, it is set in the GPS data but not in the
gpano metadata. I will add this to the wish list.

Kind regards,

Joost Nieuwenhuijse
www.ptgui.com

On 4/11/23 12:15, Mike Cowlishaw wrote:
> Ah yes, I remember this is a 'grey area'.  The
> GPano:InitialViewHeadingDegrees is described by Google (in
> https://developers.google.com/streetview/spherical-metadata
> <https://developers.google.com/streetview/spherical-metadata>) as:
>
>      The heading angle of the initial view in degrees clockwise from
> real world North, not relative to the pano center.
>
> But it's not defined if 'real world North' is unknown.  I took the
> reference to the pano center to imply that the center is used in that
> case (North is unknown).   Certainly the InitialViewPitchDegrees would
> use the centre (the horizon) in a spherical image.
>
> I'm not sure how to resolve this ... ideas?
>
> On Monday, 10 April 2023 at 18:07:22 UTC+1 PTGui Support wrote:
>
> Hi Mike,
>
> I think the heading is specified as a compass angle between 0 and 360,
> with 180 being the center of the image.
>
> Joost Nieuwenhuijse
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Mike Cowlishaw

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Apr 13, 2023, 10:41:55 AM4/13/23
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OK, yes I think not right as it is.  Anyway if North is known so much the better.

On North and DJI drones, it looks as though FlightYawDegree is the one to use, and when googling it the other day some DJI drones offset the GimbalYawDegree by 30° or so, apparently.   I cannot verify this as mine (Mavic 2)  gives these typical results:

Gimbal Roll Degree              : +0.00
Gimbal Yaw Degree               : +112.20
Gimbal Pitch Degree             : -17.10
Flight Roll Degree              : -3.80
Flight Yaw Degree               : +111.30
Flight Pitch Degree             : -0.30

(i.e., Gimbal and Flight yaw differ only by a degree or so).

Mike




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