kudu runner:
> Btw, which one do you like best: GondwanaTalks Verhaegen or Nando
> Ronteltap?
Who is Nando? another kudu runner?
*Every* detail is biologically/anatomically/geologically/medically/scientifically correct here
(publications in Nature etc.):
Nasalis monkeys wade bipedally in mangrove forests + sometimesclimb arms overhead.
c 30-20 Ma:
India approaching S-Asia at first formed island archipels, full of coastal forests:
Catarrhini reaching these islands became Hominoidea: wading bipedally + climbing arms overhead = aquarboreal.
c 20 Ma:
India further underneath Asia split hylobatids (E) & other=great apes (W) in coastal forests along N-Tethys Ocean.
c 15 Ma:
The Mesopotamian Seaway closure split pongids (E) & hominids (W): hominids in the Med.Sea coastal forests.
Some hominids s.s. (i.c. Gorilla-Homo-Pan) colonized the swamp forests of the (then incipient) Red Sea.
c 8-7 Ma:
N-Rift fm, followed by Gorilla -> Afar -> Sahelanthr., Praeanthr.afarensis Lucy etc. ->boisei, today G.gorilla & beringei.
c 6-5 Ma:
Red Sea opens into Gulf (Francesca Mansfield thinks caused by Zanclean mega-flood 5.33 Ma):
- Pan right: E.Afr.coastal forests -> S-Rift -> Transvaal -> Austr.africanus->robustus (// Gorilla) -> today Pan trogl. & paniscus.
- Homo left: S.Asian coasts -> Java early-Pleist. -> shallow-dving: pachy-osteo-sclerosis, DHA, brain+, tool use, shell engravings...
mid->late-Pleist.: diving->wading->walking H.sapiens.
Simple, no? :-)
Gorilla are known to make & use Oldowan tools:
did late-Miocene hominids (Red Sea) already used stone tools for removing oysters from mangrove trees? + opening them?
AFAWK, of all Hominoidea, only Homo can dive:
why did Homo (only early-Pleist.?) evolve from aquarboreal to shallow-diving?
- pachyosteosclerosis (exclusively seen in shallow-diving tetrapods),
- platycephaly, platymeria, platypelloidy,
- longer & more horizontal femoral necks (lateral leg movements),
- larger apertura nasalis (big nose),
- more dorsal foramen magnum (eyes directed more rostrally),
- brain much larger (seafood + DHA etc),
- island colonisations, e.g. Flores >18 km oversea,
- shell engravings, google "Joordens, Munro",
- better stone tools etc.
https://www.gondwanatalks.com/l/the-waterside-hypothesis-wading-led-to-upright-walking-in-early-humans/