See Alex's solution here:
https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/ZRcDRHIhPLE/WQcLoAHIPAAJ
I avoided the TVsetup step by first installing the RPM to the template to provide the dependencies. Then the TAR version of TeamViewer can execute without any issues.
Note, this is less than ideal, since the RPM version seems to install a persistent teamviewer daemon onto the system, which may be less than trustworthy. At some point I would like to write a RPM that grabs all the dependencies and installs teamviewer in a safer mode.