.e'o ko pe'u

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.iuROK.

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May 29, 2013, 12:30:22 AM5/29/13
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coi

{ko} is used in Lojban where imperative mood would be used in other languages. The imperative mood is used to communicate:
* commands;
* requests;
* permissions;
* prohibitions;
* advices;
* maybe other things too.
Of those uses, I think, commands and prohibitions assume listener's obligation to comply; others do not.

In Lojban, using {ko} (or experimental {ko'oi}) is THE method of constructing "imperatives". For me, bare {ko broda} does not carry a connotation of listener's obligation or subordination; it can be a request, a permission, an advice, etc. A "connotation" MAY be conveyed by additional words:
.i .ei dai ko klama
.i ko sidju mi pe'u
.i .e'a ko zutse
.i .e'u ko sisku
But default connotation should be unspecified.

However, publications do not adree with my point of view.
Lojban For Beginners suggests that bare {ko broda} is not polite in a typical situation: http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/less3soften.html
CLL calls {ko}-sentences "commands": http://dag.github.io/cll/7/2/

So, what is your point of view?

There are also words {.e'o} and {pe'u}. They are normally used in conjunction with {ko}. But what if they are used without {ko}? Is the resulting bridi a proposition or not?

http://www.lojban.org/tiki/BPFK+Section%3A+Irrealis+Attitudinals
In this proposal {.e'o do dunda le silna mi} is translated as "Can you pass me the salt, please?", which suggests that {.e'o broda} is a request, NOT a proposition. (Also, that example uses {dunda} in a sense of "pass", "hand"; not "give a gift" as defined in the gusmu list.)

I would prefer having only {ko} as the "magic word" that turns a bridi into a request. Then I would interpret {.e'o broda} as a "weak" proposition with a "connotation" of request. For example, consider a sign {le vi tanxe ku kunti .e'o}.
Denotation: "this box should be empty".
Connotation: "don't put stuff here".
The same to {pe'u}.

And what is your opinion on {.e'o broda}?

la gleki

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May 29, 2013, 3:36:01 AM5/29/13
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selpa'i

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May 29, 2013, 6:37:57 AM5/29/13
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On 29.05.2013 06:30, .iuROK. wrote:
> coi

coi do'u

> {ko} is used in Lojban where imperative mood would be used in other
> languages. [...]
>
> In Lojban, using {ko} (or experimental {ko'oi}) is THE method of
> constructing "imperatives". For me, bare {ko broda} does not carry a
> connotation of listener's obligation or subordination; it can be a
> request, a permission, an advice, etc. A "connotation" MAY be
> conveyed
> by additional words:
> .i .ei dai ko klama
> .i ko sidju mi pe'u
> .i .e'a ko zutse
> .i .e'u ko sisku
> But default connotation should be unspecified.

mi tugni .i .e'u ko catlu la'e zoi zoi.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/lojban/ko$27oi/lojban/iIbv6XvpT4k/urC0lVbdxhgJ
.zoi ji'a noi srana lo do preti

mu'o mi'e la selpa'i

.iuROK.

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May 29, 2013, 8:51:43 AM5/29/13
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ni'o da to'e curmi lo nu mi pilno la .lojban. poi ke'a pagbu la za'u me la .gugl. girzu .i se ki'u bo mi pilno la za'u jbobau nintadni

ni'o mi pilno lo tolci'o se valsi
.i zo .ei dunli lu sei mi bilga li'u
.i zo .e'o dunli lu sei mi cpedu li'u
.i zo .e'i dunli lu sei mi rinju li'u
.i lo si'o ba'e lo cusku ku cinmo sa'e nai ku vajni mi lo nu loi se cinmo te cmavo ku manfo

ni'o lo'e za'i javni ku te bilga da'i .i ku'i nai lo se valsi be zo .ei ku mapti lo si'o javni
no'i da se rinju gi'e nai te bilga gi'e nai nu javni .i pe'i lo se valsi be zo .e'i ku mapti lo si'o lo cusku ku rinju tu'a mu'a lo dacti .i mi to'e zanru lo za'i lo se valsi be zo .e'i ku mapti lo po'o si'o javni

ni'o lo za'i lo te minde cmavo ku goi ko'a tordu valsi ku xamgu .i ku'i so'i da tcini lo nu lo nu pilno ko'a na sarcu .i pe'i lo'e se minde na'o jimpe lo du'u minde ku lo sampu jufra noi lu ko klama ta li'u mupli
no'i ji'a da tcini lo nu lo nu pilno lo si'o minde kei valsi ja'a sarcu lo nu jimpe .i ku'i na'e cafne sei mi smadi

.iuROK.

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May 29, 2013, 9:21:20 AM5/29/13
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ni'o lo'e za'i javni ku te bilga da'i .i ku'i nai lo se valsi be zo .ei ku mapti lo si'o javni
no'i da se rinju gi'e nai te bilga gi'e nai nu javni .i pe'i lo se valsi be zo .e'i ku mapti lo si'o lo cusku ku rinju tu'a mu'a lo dacti .i mi to'e zanru lo za'i lo se valsi be zo .e'i ku mapti lo po'o si'o javni

.ua .i mi rapli tcidu loi se mrilu gi'e facki lo nu mi fliba lo nu mi jimpe fi lo ve ciksi be lo se stidi je srana be zo .ei joi zo .e'i .i .u'u

ni'o mi stidi lo za'i lo se valsi be zo .ei ku mapti lo si'o bilga ba'e .e lo si'o javni .i goi lo ji'a za'i lo se valsi be zo .e'i ku srana lo si'o rinju

la arxokuna

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May 29, 2013, 9:29:54 AM5/29/13
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mi pisu'oso'ova'e  tugni i ku'i sei mi jimpe lo valsi be lu sei mi minde li'u ca'o na zasti pei

.iuROK.

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May 29, 2013, 12:26:14 PM5/29/13
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mi pisu'oso'ova'e  tugni i ku'i sei mi jimpe lo valsi be lu sei mi minde li'u ca'o na zasti pei

.e'e nai .i no cmavo je se ciksi bo se notci be zoi gy. attitudinal: command .gy. .a zoi gy. vocative: command .gy. cu cmima le cabna se vlaste .i ku'i lu .ei dai li'u plixau pe'i lo minde so'o zu'i

.iuROK.

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May 29, 2013, 4:22:08 PM5/29/13
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By reading threads in "Lojban" (thanks for the links) I gathered the following.
1. Most consider {ko broda} a neutral imperative, or at least support the idea.
2. Lojbab confirmed that bare {ko broda} being a command is the intended standard interpretation.
3. Almost everyone consider {.e'o do broda} not being a proposition, but a close equivalent of {.e'o ko broda}.

My Thoughts

A rationale for (1) is that there are many different uses for imperatives besides commands, and it's easier to specifically mark commands as such (and only when needed) than to mark all other uses. This is also in line with some other aspects of Lojban, where the shortest form leaves details unspecified.

(2) probably came from English. In Russian, for example, I feel that bare imperatives are appropriate in many cases. When I buy a bread that the seller has to hand me, I say: "продайте хлеб" {ko vecnu lo nanba}. This is an offer of purchase, not a command. Commands in Russian often do not use imperatives: "Стоять!" {nu sanli}, which may be interpreted as "Приказываю стоять!" {mi minde fi lo nu sanli} with "приказываю" {mi minde} omitted.

If we decide in favor of (1), it will be a change to the language standard, and we will need a good way to mark commands.

As for (3), I'd like to have a comprehensive list of words that can change the bridi meaning from a default proposition to something else. That would be (excluding experimental words):
questions: xu, ma, mo, xo, ji, ge'i, gi'i, gu'i, je'i, pei, fi'a, cu'e, pau?;
imperatives: ko;
attitudinals, discursives, vocatives: .e'o, pe'u?, what else here?
any others kinds?
Also, is {sei mi cpedu do klama ta} a proposition or not?
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