Hi Adrian Yesterday, I tried Quick Start Sample for openstack[1], [1]: http://www.jclouds.org/documentation/quickstart/openstack/ And, my client and openstack are not the same machine. If I put sample into the machine of my openstack, then anything is ok. However, if I put sample into my client, then, while executing the sample, firstly, an exception happened as following: ... Connection refused: connect connecting to GET http://localhost:8774/v1.1/e3cbe760ea2a413a900a749c9cf42b6b/servers/detail HTTP/1.1 ... Then, I modified the sample and added the following, Properties overrides = new Properties(); overrides.setProperty(Constants.PROPERTY_ENDPOINT, "http://10.167.133.44:8774/v1.1/"); ComputeServiceContext context = ContextBuilder.newBuilder(provider).overrides(overrides) .endpoint("http://10.167.133.44:5000/v2.0/") ... While executing the sample again, although the previous exception did not happen, another exception happened, ... com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException: org.jclouds.http.HttpResponseException: Server rejected operation connecting to POST http://10.167.133.44:8774/v1.1/tokens HTTP/1.1 at com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.get(LocalCache.java:2258) at com.google.common.cache.LocalCache.get(LocalCache.java:3990) at com.google.common.cache.LocalCache.getOrLoad(LocalCache.java:3994) at com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$LocalLoadingCache.get(LocalCache.java:4878) at org.jclouds.openstack.keystone.v2_0.config.KeystoneAuthenticationModule$2.get(KeystoneAuthenticationModule.java:206) at org.jclouds.openstack.keystone.v2_0.config.KeystoneAuthenticationModule$2.get(KeystoneAuthenticationModule.java:202) ... So, I want to ask whether I need to use SSH way not simply using user/pwd to access openstack or not? And if yes, could you please give me some advice how to modify the sample? Thanks --Tang