Do you have coding sequences in these partitions? Are they in frame? If yes, you can do the following:
1. Convert Nexus alignment to phylip or fasta format and use the converted file instead. This is to avoid enforcing DNA datatype.
2. Modify partition file as follows:
#nexus
begin sets;
charset part1 = concatenadas_sem_varios_terminais_08_05_19.nex: 1-429;
charset part2 = concatenadas_sem_varios_terminais_08_05_19.nex: 430-813;
charset part3 = concatenadas_sem_varios_terminais_08_05_19.nex: 814-1787;
charset part4 = concatenadas_sem_varios_terminais_08_05_19.nex: NT2AA, 1788-2429;
charset part5 = concatenadas_sem_varios_terminais_08_05_19.nex: NT2AA, 2430-2999;
charset part6 = concatenadas_sem_varios_terminais_08_05_19.nex: NT2AA, 3000-3308;
charset part7 = concatenadas_sem_varios_terminais_08_05_19.nex: 3309-3764;
charset part8 = Teste_01.phy: CODON, 1-126;
charpartition mine = TIM+F+I+G4:part1,TVM+F+G4:part2,TN+F+I:part3,JTTDCMut+G4:part4,mtMAM+I+G4:part5,Dayhoff+I:part6,TIM2+F+I+G4:part7,MK+FQ+G4:part8;
end;