Hitler Never Used Swastika: Evangelical Defamation Of Hindu Symbol

[Nagaraj Paturi]

https://swarajyamag.com/ideas/swastika-is-hindu-and-the-hooked-cross-is-nazi-the-rest-is-conspiracy

It is a common misconception that Hitler used the Swastika symbol. But Hitler himself never used the word "Swastika" to refer to his symbol. He called it “Hooked Cross”(“Haken Kreuz”).

Hitler first saw the Hooked Cross symbol in a Christian monastery (Lambach Abbey) which he attended as a boy[11]. He later adopted it as an emblem for his party. There is no evidence that he ever heard of the word “Swastika”. Hooked Cross had been a sacred symbol of Christianity since its inception in ancient days and it is very natural to find Hooked Cross symbol in old churches and chapels.

The hooked cross was seen as a Christian symbol in Nazi Germany.

From 1933 onwards, Catholic schoolchildren in Catholic schools of Nazi Germany were taught in their religious instruction about “the close affinity between Cross and Hooked Cross”.

Nazi SA (Sturmabteilung) members, often with the approval of their Protestant ministers, marched to worship in churches draped with the Hooked Cross[12].

Here is the image of the union of Cross and the Hooked Cross used by the Churches in the Nazi era.

Hooked cross had nothing to do either with Hinduism or Swastika. It existed as an important symbol of Christendom since its very existence. It was found on early Christian Graves of Rome in 2rd century CE.

[Nagaraj Paturi]

Today, when you use Google translate to find out the English translation of the German word Hakenreuz, it gives Swastika instead of the Hooked Cross.

And if you were to search for Swastika, it gives Hakenkreuz.

An online miracle in translation has been performed that has made all trace of the Hooked Cross disappear from the Hakenreuz!

We cannot immediately undo the years of bigotry that has come our way through such dishonest tactics, but we can definitely ensure that the translation is corrected. A Twitter user @AbhinavAgarwal has suggested a way to get the translation right. Hope people take few minutes of their time and contribute towards correcting the translation. This is a good time to show what a billion united Indians can achieve.

All you need to do is go to https://translate.google.com/.

• On the left side, choose ‘English’ and write ‘Swastika’ and on the right side choose ‘German’ for translation. It will show ‘Hakenkeuz’.
• On the bottom right , click on ‘suggest an edit’ and put the meaning as Swastik and click on ‘contribute’.
• Now on the left side choose ‘German’ and write ‘Hakenkreuz’ and on the right side choose ‘English’ for translation. It will show ‘swastika’.
• On the bottom right , click on suggest an edit and put the meaning as Hooked Cross and click on ‘contribute’.

All of us can right this wrong of Swastika demonisation by correcting the translation and raising awareness about Swastika’s centuries of association with welfare and prosperity.

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Nagaraj Paturi

 

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

BoS, MIT School of Vedic Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra

BoS, Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Veliyanad, Kerala

Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies

 

FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,

 

(Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )

 

 

 

[Praveen R. Bhat]

All you need to do is go to https://translate.google.com/.

• On the left side, choose ‘English’ and write ‘Swastika’ and on the right side choose ‘German’ for translation. It will show ‘Hakenkeuz’.
• On the bottom right , click on ‘suggest an edit’ and put the meaning as Swastik and click on ‘contribute’.
• Now on the left side choose ‘German’ and write ‘Hakenkreuz’ and on the right side choose ‘English’ for translation. It will show ‘swastika’.
• On the bottom right , click on suggest an edit and put the meaning as Hooked Cross and click on ‘contribute’.

All of us can right this wrong of Swastika demonisation by correcting the translation and raising awareness about Swastika’s centuries of association with welfare and prosperity.

Thank you for that suggestion. I went ahead and did that. This defamation of all that is Hindu and not giving credit to that which is really Hindu are the two sides of the same conspiracy. I'll post a link to another article that does the latter in a separate thread.

Kind rgds,
--Praveen R. Bhat

/* येनेदं सर्वं विजानाति, तं केन विजानीयात्। Through what should one know That owing to which all this is known! [Br.Up. 4.5.15] */

[Andrey Klebanov]

Trying to follow up the history of the symbol in nazi germany (there are plenty of articles about it in german, they basically say that nazis knew it was an ancient symbol of some kind, but it was already established among certain groups as an antisemitic symbol since the beginning of the 20th cent.), I found this site which I thought may amuse some of you as well: http://www.proswastika.org

best,
A

[Shrivathsa B]

We need to fix the English to German meaning as well.

English - Swastika

Should give

(Translation in German)- A sacred Hindu symbol.

I request the German experts in the group to suggest a suitable translation.

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[G S S Murthy]

I was given to understand that hooked cross of Nazis and swastika are very different. One is left handed and the other right handed.I have not googled and done any research.

Regards

Murthy

[Nagaraj Paturi]

Dear Sri G S S Murthy-ji,

Most world population is not given to understand that Swastika is what was used by Nazis. 

Hence the researched article to remove the widely prevalent misgiving. 

On Sun, Aug 5, 2018 at 6:12 AM, G S S Murthy <murt...@gmail.com> wrote:

I was given to understand that hooked cross of Nazis and swastika are very different. One is left handed and the other right handed.I have not googled and done any research.

Regards

Murthy

On Sun 5 Aug, 2018, 2:48 AM Shrivathsa B, <shrivath...@gmail.com> wrote:

We need to fix the English to German meaning as well.

English - Swastika

Should give

(Translation in German)- A sacred Hindu symbol.

I request the German experts in the group to suggest a suitable translation.

On Sat 4 Aug, 2018, 05:33 Andrey Klebanov, <andra...@gmail.com> wrote:

Trying to follow up the history of the symbol in nazi germany (there are plenty of articles about it in german, they basically say that nazis knew it was an ancient symbol of some kind, but it was already established among certain groups as an antisemitic symbol since the beginning of the 20th cent.), I found this site which I thought may amuse some of you as well: http://www.proswastika.org

best,
A

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[Andrey Klebanov]

As far as I was able to gather from a few very general reads (prompted by this discussion), the Nazis (I refer, of course, to a particular nationalist organization, the NSDAP; note that Nazi means in German general „nationalist“) didn’t directly refer to Indian svastika, but rather borrowed from a certain by then established nationalist/ antisemitic symbolism (which by itself was only IN-directly connected to the Indian svastika).

In fact, if one looks up an English dictionary (klicke OED or even wikipedia), one finds that the term „swastika“ (spelled with „w“) doesn’t seem to refer just to the multifold indian or the NSDAP-misused incarnations of the symbol, but to a variety of similar symbols found in many different cultures around the globe. I’d be really curious to know how this English coinage came about.

[Suresh Kolichala]

The hooked cross was seen as a Christian symbol in Nazi Germany. 

 While I understand the sentiments about redeeming the swastika symbol, I am baffled by the claim that Nazi Germany or Hitler didn't know its association with "Aryans" (or India, Indo-Europeans).  Even before Hitler, the German Nationalists (Nazis) have been using the Swastika as their emblem. They considered that it is a pure Aryan symbol, that originated in Europe among the Aryans and that it is a special characteristic of the Aryan peoples as a whole and of the Germanic people in particular.  

It all started when Heinrich Schliemann, a German archaeologist,  discovered the archaeological site of Troy, where he also discovered the symbol of swastika which he associated with the migration of "Aryans." For the Germans nationalists, the “purely Aryan symbol” Schliemann uncovered was no longer an archaeological mystery—it was a stand-in for their superiority. German nationalist groups like the Reichshammerbund (a 1912 anti-Semitic group) and the Bavarian Freikorps (paramilitarists who wanted to overthrow the Weimar Republic in Germany) used the swastika to reflect their “newly discovered” identity as the master race. Schliemann was definitely aware of its use in India, and that, in fact, its use by Vedic "Aryans" is what enabled him to theorize that the swastika was a "significant religious symbol of our remote ancestors", linking it to ancient Teutons, Greeks and Indians of the Vedic era [Schliemann 1875] [Brown 1933].

As the swastika became more and more intertwined with German nationalism, Adolf Hitler’s influence grew—and he adopted it as the Nazi party symbol in 1920. “He was attracted to it because it was already being used in other nationalist, racialist groups,” says Steven Heller, author of The Swastika: Symbol Beyond Redemption? [Steven Heller,  2008].

Regards,

Suresh.

References:

1. Schliemann, H, Troy and its remains, London: Murray, 1875.
2. The Swastika: A Study of the Nazi Claims of Its Aryan Origin, William Norman Brown 1933 (reprinted in 2017) 
   
3. The Swastika: Symbol Beyond Redemption? by Steven Heller,  2008
   
4. The Man Who Brought the Swastika to Germany, and How the Nazis Stole It 
   [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/man-who-brought-swastika-germany-and-how-nazis-stole-it-180962812/#lXd8dhQpPu8C861C.99]

[Nagaraj Paturi]

Dear Sri Suresh-ji,

1. The article from Smithsonianmag.com has already been shared by Prof. Madhav Deshpande in his recent post. The points you are making are already made through that post.

2. You said, "  I am baffled by the claim that Nazi Germany or Hitler didn't know its association with "Aryans" (or India, Indo-Europeans).  ". Where, in the Swarajyamag article, is the statement that  Nazi Germany or Hitler didn't know its association with "Aryans" (or India, Indo-Europeans). The statement in the article is 

"It is a common misconception that Hitler used the Swastika symbol. But Hitler himself never used the word "Swastika" to refer to his symbol. He called it “Hooked Cross”(“Haken Kreuz”). "

3. Major part of the article is contradicting the view that there is any Aryan source for the antisemitism with which the symbol is associated by providing Christian sources of antisemitism of the Nazis. 

4. You may see the consequences of association of Swastika with antisemitism,'Aryan supremacy', 'Brahmin supremacy', 'Hindu supremacy', 'elitism' etc., in the need for Prof. Girish Nath Jha to explain that his building in JNU being in Swastika/Svastika shape is not wrong in the post:

https://groups.google.com/d/msg/bvparishat/fackx0LXJN8/_5r3LkG3AwAJ

where he had to explain: 

"Our building is 'swastika' shaped in the good sense that it is known in the whole of India. Swastika does not become a stigma for India just because some German fanatic misrepresents it. Most other buildings in JNU follow some western architecture. In your opinion should that be preferable to using any native designs for architecture on Indian campuses?

Later in your article, you have faintly suggested Sanskrit center as casteist, communal etc. But you do not know that we have helped in developing the first English-Urdu Machine Translation for Microsoft Bing Translator in the Sanskrit center of JNU. We are leading Indian government's corpora development initiative for Indian languages on a server based platform. Please check it out at at www.bing.com/translator and http://sanskrit.jnu.ac.in for details. This in my view is the meaning and power of Indian swastika and Sanskrit - taking along everyone. Sadly, the brand of scholarship you represent does want to understand this.

Sanskrit studies in India have nothing to do with elitism of any kind whatsoever. You are most welcome to visit our center in JNU to witness it."

5. Hitler, his antisemitism, his genocide, etc., are all invoked as a straw man to discount even the most valid Indian nationalist arguments only because of the conspiracy of propagation of association of the obsolete and unscientific concept of 'Aryan race' and the symbol highly respected by 'Hindus' and absolutely not connected with Hitler's need, creed or deeds with Hiltler, Nazis and their antisemitism and genocide.  

6. Any evidence of any archaeologist or any other kind of researcher discovering swastika in his/her research and that having connection with Hitler or Nazis using that symbol for their diabolical activities does not prove  invoking  Hitler, his antisemitism, his genocide, etc., as a straw man to discount even the most valid Indian nationalist arguments only because of the conspiracy of propagation of association of the obsolete and unscientific concept of 'Aryan race' and the symbol highly respected by 'Hindus' and absolutely not connected with Hitler's need, creed or deeds with Hiltler, Nazis and their antisemitism and genocide as right.  

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[Suresh Kolichala]

Dear Nagaraj-ji,

Sorry, I didn't see Deshpandeji's email. As I said earlier, I understand the reason for the need to redeem Swastika and make it disassociated with Nazi's obsolete and unscientific concept of 'Aryan race'. I am totally with you. However, it may be an uphill task as the term Swastika and Hakenkreuz were used synonymously for more than a century, and for the Jewish people Swastika has been a symbol of fear, of suppression, and of extermination. 

See the Ngram Viewer on use of the term "swastika" in the 20th century:

https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=swastika&year_start=1800&year_end=2008

Also I do not agree with the statement in the Swarajyamag article that Hitler didn't know its association with "Aryans".  It is apparent from the literature that Hakenkreuz was just considered a German term for Swastika. If we look at Hitler's Mein Kempf, where he described his blueprint for Aryan supremacy, it is very clear he considered Hakenkreuz as a symbol of "Aryan race" in his skewed view of Indo-European history.

Regards,

Suresh. 

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Nagaraj Paturi

 

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

BoS, MIT School of Vedic Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra

BoS, Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Veliyanad, Kerala

Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies

 

FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,

 

(Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )

 

 

 

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[Nagaraj Paturi]

Sri Suresh-ji,

I am glad to know that you are with me in my concern.

The task of restoring the right meaning of any word or symbol can be easily achieved by repeated use of it in the right sense and repeated talk of the wrong done to it.

Please point out the location of the statement in the article, " Hitler didn't know its association with Aryans ". I shall try to point that out to the authors.

If we agree that both Swarajyamag and Smithsonianmag articles are based on sound research, we can infer that Nazi use of the symbol has both connections: Christian Hooked Cross and the archaeological findings of what they thought were Swastikas.

None of this proves that Swastika symbolises what it is being believed or is being made to be believed is true.

A lot of such conscious and unconscious semantic/semiotic harm done to Indic words and symbols needs to be undone urgently.

Hope you agree.

[Madhav Deshpande]

I have attached the pdf of a book [Mees-Bernard-The-Science-of-the-Swastika--2008.pdf], which is probably the best and the most detailed historical study of the use of the Swastika by the Nazis.

Madhav M. Deshpande

Professor Emeritus

Sanskrit and Linguistics

University of Michigan

[Residence: Campbell, California]

[Dr. Yadu Moharir]

Namaskar Scholars

Are there any specific references in Vaidika text that explains HOW ? and WHY ? Swastika started being an auspicious symbol for us in the first place !?

Thx

Dr Yadu

[Nagaraj Paturi]

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29644591

How the world loved the swastika - until Hitler stole it

By Mukti Jain CampionKiev

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Nagaraj Paturi

 

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

BoS, MIT School of Vedic Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra

BoS, Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Veliyanad, Kerala

Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies

 

FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,

 

(Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )

 

 

 

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[Nagaraj Paturi]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swastika#Etymology_and_nomenclature

The word swastika has appeared in English since the 1870s, replacing gammadion, from Greek γαμμάδιον.^[12] It is alternatively spelled in contemporary texts as svastika,^[18] while in the 19th- and early 20th-century, alternate spellings such as suastika were occasionally used.^[19] It was derived from the Sanskrit term (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक), which transliterates to svastika under the commonly used IAST transliteration system, but is pronounced closer to "swastika" when letters are used with their English values. The first attested use of the word swastika in a European text is found in 1871 with the publications of Heinrich Schliemann, who while crudely digging the Hisarlik mound near the Aegean Sea coast, for the lost history of Troy (Trojan war), discovered over 1,800 ancient samples of the swastika symbol and its variants. Schliemann linked his findings to the Sanskrit swastika.^[14][20][21]

The word swastika derives from the Sanskrit root swasti, which is composed of su, ("good, well") and asti ("it is, there is").^[22] The word swasti occurs frequently in the Vedas and it means "well, good, auspicious, luck, success, prosperity".^[23][24] Swastika is a derived word and connotes a form of welcome or a sign of something "associated with well-being".^[23]According to Monier-Williams, a majority of scholars consider it a solar symbol, and in the ancient Indian texts the base swasti is equivalent to "may it be well with thee! hail! health! adieu! so be it!".^[23] The sign implies something fortunate, lucky or auspicious, and when applied to entrances, doors, mandalas or object it denotes or reminds of auspiciousness or well-being.^[23]

The earliest known textual use of the word swastika is in Panini's Ashtadhyayi, which uses it to explain one of the Sanskrit grammar rules, in the context of a type of identifying mark on a cow's ear.^[22] Most scholarship suggests Panini lived in or before mid 4th-century BCE (floruit),^[25][26] possibly in 6th or 5th century BCE.^[27][28]

Other names for the symbol include:

• tetragammadion (Greek: τετραγαμμάδιον), or cross gammadion (Latin: crux gammata; French: croix gammée), as each arm resembles the Greek letter Γ (gamma).^[12]
• hooked cross (German: Hakenkreuz), angled cross (Winkelkreuz) or crooked cross (Krummkreuz).
• cross cramponned, cramponnée, or cramponny, in heraldry, as each arm resembles a Crampon or angle-iron (German: Winkelmaßkreuz).
• fylfot, chiefly in heraldry and architecture.
• tetraskelion (Greek: τετρασκέλιον), literally meaning "four-legged", especially when composed of four conjoined legs (compare triskelion/triskele [Greek: τρισκέλιον]).^[29]
• whirling logs (Navajo, Native American): can denote abundance, prosperity, healing, and luck.^[30]

[Nagaraj Paturi]

ॐ स्वस्ति प्रजाभ्यः परिपालयन्ताम्
न्यायेन मार्गेण महीं महीशाः ।
गोब्राह्मणेभ्यश्शुभमस्तु नित्यम्
लोकास्समस्तास्सुखिनो भवन्तु ।।

Om svasti prajābhyaḥ paripālayantām ।
nyāyena mārgeṇa mahīṃ mahīśāḥ ।
go-brāhmaṇebhyaś śubham astu nityam ।
lokās samastā sukhino bhavantu ।।

May there be abundance for all.
May leaders wisely protect the earth.
May there always be well-being for animals and the wise.
May the entire world be joyful.

[Nagaraj Paturi]

स्ति न इन्द्रो वृद्धश्रवाः।

स्वस्ति नः पूषा विश्ववेदाः।

स्वस्ति नस्तार्क्ष्यो अरिष्टनेमिः।

स्वस्ति नो बृहस्पतिर्दधातु ॥

ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥

https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0

[Shashi Joshi]

While we are at it, here is an article I wrote 8 years back, before all this had erupted.

http://blog.practicalsanskrit.com/2010/09/misunderstood-swastika.html

Thanks,
Shashi

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Nagaraj Paturi

 

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

BoS, MIT School of Vedic Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra

BoS, Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Veliyanad, Kerala

Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies

 

FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,

 

(Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )

 

 

 

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[RaviKishore Annadanam]

Namaste,

In Ilkley Moor, Yorkshire, England, there is a sight with a Swastitka like symbol marked on stone, is attracting many tourists since years. At this moment no one is able to date this, however are guessing it could be from stone age or bronze age. My point here, Swastika (not the word, but the symbol) not new the ancient world, not just limited to bharata khanDa.

http://www.stone-circles.org.uk/stone/swastikastone.htm

I have also read some articles in the past how some Germans thought themselves as super aryans (after the aryan invasion theory by British), and tried to re-invent their past by linking bharatiya things to their native. This usage of Swastika symbol also possibly due to this linking.

Dhanyavad,

Annadanam Ravi Kishore

[Subrahmanyam Korada]

नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

Are there any specific references in Vaidika text that explains HOW ? and WHY ? Swastika started being an auspicious symbol for us in the first place !?

                                                                                                           ------ Vidvan Yadu Moharir

The term  स्वस्तिका is used in पस्पशाह्निकम् of महाभाष्यम् in the sense of an ornament made of gold --

.... सुवर्णं कयाचिदाक्रुत्या युक्तं पिण्डो भवति , पिण्डाकृतिम् उपमृद्य ’रुचकाः’  क्रियन्ते , रुचकाकृतिम् उपमृद्य ’कटकाः’ क्रियन्ते , कटकाकृतिम्

उपमृद्य ’ स्वस्तिकाः ’ क्रियन्ते ।                                                                               

I do not have any evidence to claim that स्वस्तिका is an auspicious symbol - it is just a kind of ornament .

स्वस्तिका is a रूढिशब्द and  संज्ञाशब्द   and it has got nothing to do with the अव्ययम् - ’ स्वस्ति ’ (स्वस्ति इति मङ्गले -- प्रौढमनोरमा

- ’ स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम् ’ पा सू ) ।

A correction --

स्वस्ति प्रजाभ्यः परिपालयन्ताम्

न्याय्येन मार्गेण महीं महीशाः ।

गोब्राह्मणेभ्यः शुभमस्तु नित्यम्

लोकास्समस्तास्सुखिनो भवन्तु ॥

न्यायादनपेतं न्याय्यम् -- ’ धर्मपथ्यर्थन्यायादनपेते ’ पा सू  4-4-92 -- the one that is not devoid of justice is न्याय्यम् ।

धर्मादनपेतम् धर्म्यम् ; ( आरोग्य - ) पथः अनपेतम् पथ्यम् ; अर्थात् अनपेतम् अर्थ्यम् ; -- अनपेतम् = not devoid of .

( गोब्राह्मणेभ्यः = cow etc animals / birds and ब्राह्मण etc human beings -- उपलक्षणम् ).

Bonus Info --

The entry in some Oxford Dictionaries - ' Aryan -- Sanskrit ' -- is wrong . Webster 1995 gives - ' Sanskrit - Arya ' and 

it is right .

ऋ = गतौ , ’ ऋहलोर्ण्यत् ’ पा सू 3-1-124 -- आर्यः  ( अर्यः स्वामिवैश्ययोः पा सू 3-1-103 ) |

I have stated in ' Theories of Language : Oriental and Occidental ' - that Hitler borrowed स्वस्तिका and आर्य from

महाभाष्यम् ।

The only thing is whether the symbol  स्वस्तिका of Nazis is the same as the ornament  stated / recorded by Patanjali or not.

आर्य - is there in पूर्वमीमांसा , व्याकरणम् (महाभाष्यम् , ’ पृषोदरादीनि यथोपदिष्टम् , पा 6-3-109 ) , मनुस्म्रुति , अमरकोश  and other स्मृतिs.

आर्याः -- अहिंसा परमो धर्मः

Aryans -- ' Aryans are to rule but not to be ruled , close your eyes to pity , behave brutally ....' --- Hitler on Radio Berlin 1939.

धन्यो’स्मि

Dr.Korada Subrahmanyam
Professor of Sanskrit, CALTS,
University of Hyderabad,
Ph:09866110741(M),91-40-23010741(R),040-23133660(O)

Skype Id: Subrahmanyam Korada

Blog: Koradeeyam.blogspot.in 

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[Nagaraj Paturi]

Swastika is an auspicious symbol is a fact collected from 1. archaeological evidences 2. present day ground reality observations.

If there are no textual references describing or prescribing swastika as a symbol of auspiciousness , this can not undo the fact evidenced through archaeological material that it was taken as a symbol of auspiciousness and it can not undo the fact that it is being taken as a symbol of auspiciousness. 

More pertinent question would be when and where is the name swastika first found in reference to this symbol?

Whenever and wherever the first use of the word is found, that the word has "svasti" as part of it can not be denied. That the word "svasti" is found as a word for wishing auspiciousness right from the Vedamantra times also can not be denied. 

So the only question that awaits an answer is what is there in the shape of this symbol that makes it get the name svastika which is undoubtedly connected to the svasti mantras of the Vedas ? 

[Jsr Prasad]

Interesting arguments by the learned Professors! 

Then, Mahabhashyam is not conforming to the auspiciousness of the swastika symbol/ornament. Because, it appeared that the words 'swasti' and 'swastika' don't denote the same meaning. Need to explore any other Sanskrit texts?

Is there a deeper meaning encrypted in the shape of symbol itself..

Regards

On Wed, Aug 8, 2018 at 11:44 AM, Nagaraj Paturi <nagara...@gmail.com> wrote:

More pertinent question would be when and where is the name swastika first found in reference to this symbol?

[Jsr Prasad]

So, Prof. Paturi ji's view that - "More pertinent question would be when and where is the name swastika first found in reference to this symbol?" is really appropriate.

--

J.S.R. Prasad,
Professor, Dept. of Sanskrit Studies,
School of Humanities, University of Hyderabad,
Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Hyderabad - 500 046
Tel: +91-40-2313-3803

।। पुरुषोऽयं लोकसम्मितः ।।

[Subrahmanyam Korada]

नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

A शब्द may be used in different senses in different regions - 

शवति means गच्छति - for the people of कम्बोज whereas for आर्यs  शव is a dead body -- पस्पशाह्निकम् , महाभाष्यम् ।

So if the term स्वस्तिका is being used to mean something sacred then put it under पृषोदरादिगण (पृषोदरादीनि यथोपदिष्टम्

पा 6-3-109 ) .

And also it is not acceptable to tradition to say - ' this word is not employed ' ( अस्त्यप्रयुक्त इति साहसमात्रमेव - पस्पशा .)

simply because - महान् शब्दस्य विषयः (  the literature is at once  too vast )  and it is also not possible to offer an account

of each शब्द and its usage in different senses.

We simply  follow शिष्टप्रयोग ।

One need not necessarily  exhibit an exploded view of a शब्द - what is the प्रकृति and what is the प्रत्यय etc , each time .

Panini was well aware of this problem and so he suggested पृषोदरादि ।

धन्यो’स्मि

Dr.Korada Subrahmanyam
Professor of Sanskrit, CALTS,
University of Hyderabad,
Ph:09866110741(M),91-40-23010741(R),040-23133660(O)

Skype Id: Subrahmanyam Korada

Blog: Koradeeyam.blogspot.in 

--

[Dr. Yadu Moharir]

Namaskar

I had already read all the links provided by Prof Paturi-Ji

However, I failed to to comprehend WHY ? HOW ? Swastika became the pious / holy symbol !?

We can can always keep on repeating the tradition or "gataanugatika" (shiSHTa payoga) aspect of Indian culture.

But s that or should that be the correct position ? OR we have to wait for Windy Doninger and other to provide their interpretation of HOW ? & WHY ? and then get disturbed of foreign interpretation ?

As a scientist I am just asking the question ?

Any thoughts HOW it may have become the pious symbol would be appreciated for all the scholars.

Thank you all in advance for responses.

Kind Rgds

Dr Yadu

[सुदर्शनः]

Thanks to Dr. Yadu’s query asking for specific references to ancient mentions of Swastika, and to Dr. Korada’s clarification that it is a रूढशब्दः and not a यौगिकः connected with स्वस्ति ।

To understand the meaning of this word, it would help understand if there was a geometry associated with it.

In महाभारतम्, I found 8 instances where ‘स्वस्तिकं' is used.

Of those:

It seems to be used in the sense of auspiciousness in 4 places:

1. श्रुत्वा तु तद्वचनं पार्थिवस्य सर्वे पुनः स्वस्तिकपाणयश्च ।भेर्यश्च तूर्याणि च वारिजाश्च वेषैः परार्ध्यैः प्रमदाः शुभाश्च ॥Mbh 4.63.27॥
   
2. स्वस्तिकान्वर्धमानांश्च नन्द्यावर्तांश्च काञ्चनान् । माल्यं च जलकुम्भांश्च ज्वलितं च हुताशनम् ॥Mbh 7.58.19॥
   
3. तत्रोपविष्टो धर्मात्मा श्वेताः सुमनसोऽस्पृशत् । स्वस्तिकानक्षतान्भूमिं सुवर्णं रजतं मणीन् ॥Mbh 12-40-7॥
   
4. तस्य चाक्लेशकरणं स्वस्तिकारसमाहितम् । वर्तयाम्ययुतं ब्रह्म योगयुक्तो निरामयः ॥Mbh 12-349-7॥
   

And in 2 places, it is used as proper names:

1. प्रियकश्चैव नन्दश्च गोनन्दश्च प्रतापवान् । आनन्दश्च प्रमोदश्च स्वस्तिको ध्रुवकस्तथा ॥Mbh 9.44.60॥
   
2. अर्बुदः शक्रवापी च पन्नगौ शत्रुतापनौ । स्वस्तिकस्यालयश्चात्र मणिनागस्य चोत्तमः ॥Mbh 2.19.9॥
   

In the first instance above it is the name of a soldier, and in the second one, it is the name of a snake.

Then in last 2 places it got interesting. One of them refers to a hand posture. आरण्यकपर्वणि, सौगन्धिकाहरणाध्याये (#146) स्वपतो हनूमतो विवरणे -

1. बाहुस्वस्तिकविन्यस्तपीनह्रस्वशिरोधरम् । स्कन्धभूयिष्ठकायत्वात्तनुमध्यकटीतटम् ॥Mbh 3-146-66॥
   

Though this is a geometry related information, it is not clear if Hanuman’s hands were clasped crossed “x” or horizontally like an “=”.

In the other instance, स्वस्तिकं is a type of a चिह्नम् on the body of a snakes along with other symbols like मणिः, चक्रं & कमण्डलुकम्  उद्योगपर्वणि, वासुकेः भोगवतीपुर्याः नागानां विवरणे (#101) -

1. मणिस्वस्तिकचक्राङ्काः कमण्डलुकलक्षणाः । सहस्रसङ्ख्या बलिनः सर्वे रौद्राः स्वभावतः ॥Mbh 5-101-5॥
   

Again in सुन्दरकाण्डं of रामायणं, I see that it is a symbol on snakes, and elsewhere as a decorative symbol on houses.

1. शिरोभिः पृथुभिः सर्पा व्यक्तस्वस्तिकलक्षणैः । वमन्तः पावकं घोरं ददंशुर्दशनैः शिलाः ॥R 5-1-19॥
   
2. सिताभ्रसदृशैश्चित्रैः पद्मस्वस्तिकसम्स्थितैः । वर्धमानगृहैश्चापि सर्वतः सुविभाषितैः ॥R 5-4-7॥
   

Then I looked at other early literature..

In अमरकोशः, स्वस्तिकं appears only in the पुरवर्गः as one of the types of a building. So it may have a geometrical connotation, but its shape is still not clear here.

1. स्वस्तिकः सर्वतोभद्रो नन्द्यावर्तादयोऽपि च ॥ २.२.६१ ॥
   

Found it in a few places in सुश्रुतसंहिता too. In the सूत्रस्थानं a surgical instrument called स्वस्तिकयन्त्रं is explained. It appears to be a surgical-plier, with two long pieces of metal riveted with each other. Its beak is bent or curved like a नन्दीमुखम् । And covered with bent handles on the other end. It is recommended for use to lift shards of bone from an open wound.

• तत्र स्वस्तिकयन्त्राणि - अष्टादशाङ्गुलप्रमाणानि सिंहव्याघ्रवृकतरक्ष्वृक्षद्वीपिमार्जारशृगालमृगैर्वारुककाककङ्ककुररचाभासशशघात्युलूकचिल्लिश्येनगृघ्रक्रौञ्चभृङ्गराजाञ्जलिकर्णावभञ्जन, नन्दीमुखमुखानि मसूराकृतिभिः कीलैरवबद्धानि मूलेऽङकुशवदावृत्तवारङ्गाणि अस्थि विदष्टशल्योद्धरणार्थमुपदिश्यन्ते ॥1-1-7-10॥
  

It is also a type of tying of a bandage, that appears to have two elements criss-crossing.

• मुसलेनोत्क्षिपेत् कक्षामंससन्धौ विसंहते । स्थानस्थितं च बध्नीयात् स्वस्तिकेन विचक्षणः॥1-4-3-31॥
  

The search for geometry took one to वास्तु and in बृहत्संहितायाः वास्तुविद्याध्यायः, स्वस्तिकम् is a type of plan of a hall. I attach here a picture from the भट्टोत्पलव्याख्यानम् (edited by KC Dvivedi, Sampurnananda Sanskrit University, Varanasi, 1996). 

Therefore, it appears that the geometry/symbol of स्वस्तिकं had both "x" and "=" ? And is it possible that there is some kind of association with snakes?

इति सुधीजनविधेयः,

सुदर्शनः

--

Sudarshan HS

Research Associate

Center for Ancient History & Culture (CAHC)

JP Nagar 6th phase, Bangalore, INDIA

Ph: +91 98806 34594

[G S S Murthy]

I found the following reference in Valmiki:

"अन्याः स्वस्तिकविज्ञेया महाघण्टाधरा वराः । शोभमानाः पताकाभिर्युक्तवाताः सुसंहताः ॥" वाल्मीकि २-८९-११

गोविन्दराजः: "स्वस्तिकः सर्वतोभद्रः" इत्युक्तस्वस्तिकाख्यरचनाविशेषविशिष्टतया निर्मितत्वात् स्वस्तिका इति विज्ञेयाः।

Regards,

Murthy

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--

My web site : http://murthygss.tripod.com/index.htm
and also my Sanskrit blog :

http://simplesanskrit.blogspot.com/

http://gssmurthy.blogspot.com

[Venkata Sriram]

Excellent posts by Sudarshan ji & Murthy Ji....Wonderful discussions.

rgs,

sriram

On Friday, August 10, 2018 at 3:20:38 PM UTC+5:30, G S S Murthy wrote:

I found the following reference in Valmiki:

on

[अक्षयः]

This is a slight digression. The notion of anything and everything 'traditional' being 'suspect' and 'inferior', has deep roots in Protestant theology: everything old is corrupt and the work of devil, and must be suppressed. This is what Lutherans/Calvinists argued against the Catholics,... and in an amusing way is what passes for 'secularism' in the Indian constitution, its Judiciary, and in the Anglical Intelligentsia. This is also why 'Brahmins' are hated: they are the equivalent of Catholic priests. Not surprisingly, the goal of German Indologists for a long time has been to 'scientifically' interpret Indian texts, which according to them are completely inaccessible to Indians.

https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-indian-jews/237702

(and Jakob de Roover's thesis).

https://www.academia.edu/30937643/Jews_and_Hindus_in_Indology

http://indiafacts.org/mahabharata-modern-scholarship-an-interview-with-dr-vishwa-adluri/

That whatever 'white folk'  say is taken as pramāṇa in India, is a political issue; it'd be wise to neither to play their game, nor argue in their terms. Why ? The results can often be a pyrrhic victory. Indian Judiciary is one of such egregious examples. It can't define 'secularism', 'religious', or 'essentially religious', after a 300 year legacy, yet in the interpretation of these terms lies the life and death of each and every practice in India. Yet, we pretend to understand these terms, to a degree sufficient to be able to make draconian laws. It's absurd. If you follow the debates on Sabarimala closely, you can here the echoes of those Europeans who landed here 300 years ago and described Indians as worshipers of Satan.

This thread is woven very carefully in the work of S N Balagangadhara and his students. See,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaK5prUZp4o

The talk also mentions (AFAICR), why it was in Secular Germany, that anti-semitism flourished.

[R. N. iyengar]

Sudarshan has unearthed remarkably useful data for carrying the discussion on the Indic origin and history of "word, verbal form, meaning, and geometry" of Swastika forward. The example from Sus'ruta (~500 BC) would indicate that the nomenclature for two intersecting lines (+ or X) was already available and the notation was extended further to figures with spiraling bends. The quote:  Mbh 5-101-5 refers not only to snakes but the geometrical designs on their foreheads four of which are among the eight auspicious entities (अष्टमंगल)  of Jains, Buddhists and Hindus.  Ram 5-4-7 provides evidence for Lotus and Vardhamana which are also in the group-of-eight. 

Ruchaka, KaTaka, Svastika, NandyAvarta, VardhamAna are all special geometric designs mentioned in VAstuvidyA texts more ancient than the Brhatsamhita. In the Vrddha-gArgIya-jyotisha that I am editing clear mention of auspiciousness with the Swastika symbol appears in several places.

विन्यसेत् पूर्णकुंभांश्च शुभान् स्वस्तिकलक्षणन् ||  (VAstuvidyA 2 Ch. v.1789a)

Again in Agninimitta: (Divination of flames during Homa)

स्वस्तिकावर्धमानाश्च श्रीवत्साश्च प्रदक्षिणाः | ज्वालारूपेण दृश्यन्ते सा वै श्रीः सर्वतोमुखी ||  (v.2817)

PK Acharya in his Encyclopedia has a long article  on Swastika symbol. There is a view that it is Pre-buddhist originating in the Ladakh region. 

Since PKA has collected various views prevalent in India on this symbol during the peak period of Nazism the attached text may be of interest to some members here. (See attachment ).

On balance the MB reference to"....  चिह्नम् on the body of a snakes along with other symbols like मणिः, चक्रं & कमण्डलु " seems to be the traceable earliest source of naming such marks (8/32/80/108/1008) on the body of Buddha and/or MahAvIra.  In this connection the following link is interesting

https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/lam-rim/refuge/the-80-minor-marks-of-a-buddha-s-physical-body

"....Buddha’s thumbprints and toe prints are of endless knots and other auspicious signs such as clockwise swastikas, mirroring the fact that a Buddha possesses the thirty-two excellent signs and the previous seventy-nine exemplary features, along with all their causes. "  [after: Alexander Berzin]

More information on the glyph is available in Buddhist and Jaina texts.

I don't think Hitler had any idea of the esoteric and universally benign meaning behind the symbol selected for his organization.

RN Iyengar

On Thursday, August 9, 2018 at 11:48:43 PM UTC+5:30, सुदर्शनः wrote:

It seems to be used in the sense of auspiciousness in 4 places:

1. श्रुत्वा तु तद्वचनं पार्थिवस्य सर्वे पुनः स्वस्तिकपाणयश्च ।भेर्यश्च तूर्याणि च वारिजाश्च वेषैः परार्ध्यैः प्रमदाः शुभाश्च ॥Mbh 4.63.27॥
   
2. स्वस्तिकान्वर्धमानांश्च नन्द्यावर्तांश्च काञ्चनान् । माल्यं च जलकुम्भांश्च ज्वलितं च हुताशनम् ॥Mbh 7.58.19॥
   
3. तत्रोपविष्टो धर्मात्मा श्वेताः सुमनसोऽस्पृशत् । स्वस्तिकानक्षतान्भूमिं सुवर्णं रजतं मणीन् ॥Mbh 12-40-7॥
   
4. तस्य चाक्लेशकरणं स्वस्तिकारसमाहितम् । वर्तयाम्ययुतं ब्रह्म योगयुक्तो निरामयः ॥Mbh 12-349-7॥
   

And in 2 places, it is used as proper names:

1. प्रियकश्चैव नन्दश्च गोनन्दश्च प्रतापवान् । आनन्दश्च प्रमोदश्च स्वस्तिको ध्रुवकस्तथा ॥Mbh 9.44.60॥
   
2. अर्बुदः शक्रवापी च पन्नगौ शत्रुतापनौ । स्वस्तिकस्यालयश्चात्र मणिनागस्य चोत्तमः ॥Mbh 2.19.9॥
   

In the first instance above it is the name of a soldier, and in the second one, it is the name of a snake.

Then in last 2 places it got interesting. One of them refers to a hand posture. आरण्यकपर्वणि, सौगन्धिकाहरणाध्याये (#146) स्वपतो हनूमतो विवरणे -

1. बाहुस्वस्तिकविन्यस्तपीनह्रस्वशिरोधरम् । स्कन्धभूयिष्ठकायत्वात्तनुमध्यकटीतटम् ॥Mbh 3-146-66॥
   

Though this is a geometry related information, it is not clear if Hanuman’s hands were clasped crossed “x” or horizontally like an “=”.

In the other instance, स्वस्तिकं is a type of a चिह्नम् on the body of a snakes along with other symbols like मणिः, चक्रं & कमण्डलुकम्  उद्योगपर्वणि, वासुकेः भोगवतीपुर्याः नागानां विवरणे (#101) -

1. मणिस्वस्तिकचक्राङ्काः कमण्डलुकलक्षणाः । सहस्रसङ्ख्या बलिनः सर्वे रौद्राः स्वभावतः ॥Mbh 5-101-5॥
   

Again in सुन्दरकाण्डं of रामायणं, I see that it is a symbol on snakes, and elsewhere as a decorative symbol on houses.

1. शिरोभिः पृथुभिः सर्पा व्यक्तस्वस्तिकलक्षणैः । वमन्तः पावकं घोरं ददंशुर्दशनैः शिलाः ॥R 5-1-19॥
   
2. सिताभ्रसदृशैश्चित्रैः पद्मस्वस्तिकसम्स्थितैः । वर्धमानगृहैश्चापि सर्वतः सुविभाषितैः ॥R 5-4-7॥
   

Then I looked at other early literature..

In अमरकोशः, स्वस्तिकं appears only in the पुरवर्गः as one of the types of a building. So it may have a geometrical connotation, but its shape is still not clear here.

1. स्वस्तिकः सर्वतोभद्रो नन्द्यावर्तादयोऽपि च ॥ २.२.६१ ॥
   

Found it in a few places in सुश्रुतसंहिता too. In the सूत्रस्थानं a surgical instrument called स्वस्तिकयन्त्रं is explained. It appears to be a surgical-plier, with two long pieces of metal riveted with each other. Its beak is bent or curved like a नन्दीमुखम् । And covered with bent handles on the other end. It is recommended for use to lift shards of bone from an open wound.

• तत्र स्वस्तिकयन्त्राणि - अष्टादशाङ्गुलप्रमाणानि सिंहव्याघ्रवृकतरक्ष्वृक्षद्वीपिमार्जारशृगालमृगैर्वारुककाककङ्ककुररचाभासशशघात्युलूकचिल्लिश्येनगृघ्रक्रौञ्चभृङ्गराजाञ्जलिकर्णावभञ्जन, नन्दीमुखमुखानि मसूराकृतिभिः कीलैरवबद्धानि मूलेऽङकुशवदावृत्तवारङ्गाणि अस्थि विदष्टशल्योद्धरणार्थमुपदिश्यन्ते ॥1-1-7-10॥
  

It is also a type of tying of a bandage, that appears to have two elements criss-crossing.

[Nagaraj Paturi]

Excellent!

With the posts of Sri Sudarshan-ji, Sri G S S Murty-ji, and now with this post by Prof. Iyengar, the discussion is adding a great value to the understanding of the topic. 

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[Madhav Deshpande]

Thank you Professor Iyengar and Sudarshan for these stimulating substantial posts.

Madhav M. Deshpande

Professor Emeritus

Sanskrit and Linguistics

University of Michigan

[Residence: Campbell, California]

[Sheshadri K G]

Dear scholars, 

                    Namaste. My name is KG Sheshadri and thought that the following attachment [shortened to 18 pages and accessible on their website] would be an addition to the present discussion on Svastika. Similar cross cultural studies on various symbols, plants/fauna may throw interesting light on ancient India and other civilization links.

With warm regards,

Sheshadri

[Nagaraj Paturi]

[venkat veeraraghavan]

Yes. I saw some half baked stuff on  banning  the  swastika  on my ex professor who is now an MP in Victoria. I tried clarifying the difference between the Hakenkreuz and the Swastika...got no response. 

People when politics is involved will twist themselves into knots to avoid the truth.