Chess players: You can reclaim your intellectual superiority. It appears that you—or at least those of you who play the game well—are unusually smart after all.
Over the past couple of decades, a line of research has suggested there is little or no link between a person’s general intelligence level and their success at the classic board game. Chess bloggers have warily picked up on the disconnect between these findings and the popular perception of chess players as brainiacs.
“You are all sworn to secrecy – I mean it!” one wrote in 2007. “If word ever gets out it will be the end of one of the few perks we chess players have.”
Well, your smart-aleck status has been reinstated. A newly published analysis reports that, while the evidence isn’t absolutely conclusive, it seems clear that “chess expertise does not stand in isolation from intelligence.”
“There are now findings that expert chess players display above-average intelligence, that their playing strength is related to their individual intelligence level, and that their performance in expertise-related tasks is also a function of intelligence,” writes University of Göttingen psychologist Roland Grabner. His study is published—where else?—in the journal Intelligence.
Thanks in large part to the research of psychologist K. Anders Ericsson, and the popularization of his findings by writer Malcolm Gladwell, conventional wisdom regarding superior ability has shifted in recent years. According to their school of thought, practice, practice, practice—10,000 hours, to be precise—really will get you to Carnegie Hall, or the World Chess Championship. Years of long-term focused attention, they argue, play a larger role than innate intelligence.
“Individual differences in general cognitive abilities such as intelligence have been frequently regarded to be entirely negligible for expert performance,” Grabner notes. But a close examination of recent research, he writes, disproves that notion.
“Several studies employing psychometric tests of intelligence have revealed that expert chess players display significantly higher intelligence than controls, and that their playing strength is related to their intelligence level,” he writes.
While there are several studies showing that playing strength in chess can be best predicted by the amount of time spent practicing, the assumption that expertise is developed “independent of any influence of cognitive potential is quite implausible,” he adds. “There is growing data suggesting that some individuals require more, and others less, deliberate practice to attain the same expert performance levels in chess.”
For the non-chess player, this research is interesting in that it informs the ongoing debate over whether expertise is essentially a matter of practice. As Gladwell, the best-selling author, recently wrote in the New Yorker: “The closer psychologists look at the careers of the gifted, the smaller the role innate talent seems to play and the bigger the role preparation seems to play. In cognitively demanding fields, there are no naturals.”
Gladwell points to chess as a good example of that purported truism. But chess blogger Arne Moll, who has some sympathy for Gladwell’s views, notes that his argument is undercut by his apparent confusion about the various levels of chess expertise and accomplishment.
He criticizes Gladwell’s use of the famous Polgar sisters (three of whom became chess masters) as proof of the preeminence of practice, noting that although they all went through the same rigorous regimen, their skill levels ultimately differed significantly.
Grabner cites those same siblings as evidence of the importance of innate intelligence. “Even a reanalysis of the famous Polgar sisters case, which is often cited as proof that only practice matters, revealed that despite the engagement in similarly intensive practice, the three sisters displayed quite different trajectories of expertise development, and attained different levels of playing strength,” he writes.
In addition, Grabner adds, “comparing experts with notices of different intelligence levels, it has been found that both expertise and intelligence impact on the performance in expertise-related tasks. These studies suggest that expert chess play does not stand in isolation from intelligence.”
So it appears that (a) expertise is the result of a combination of innate ability and hard work, and (b) chess masters have a lot going for them intellectually. Some cliches, it turns out, are true.
By Tom Jacobs • September 05, 2013
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Anytime any chess player or master wants to provide the references to peer-reviewed scientific research supporting the claim that chess actually INCREASES intelligence (rather than research that says smarter people are more successful at chess as well as some other activities - because they're smarter) then I'd be happy to see it, because I know tons of other people who are waiting, also.
“When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the loser.” ---Socrates
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 11:26:39 UTC-6, T. Lavon Lawrence wrote:Thus far, the answer to whether playing chess boosts working memory and fluid intelligence is "No" - and remains so until there's research that says otherwise.
Le vendredi 23 novembre 2012 03:09:18 UTC+1, Sheldon Cooper a écrit :Chess is often hailed as a game for intellects. It has even found its way into some classrooms, (in some cases) used to teach math and enhance problem solving. But does it actually work? Could playing intensive chess improve working memory and fluid intelligence?
I like playing chess, but I have better things to do if keeping my game up isn't going to help up my IQ.
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On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 14:00:15 UTC-6, T. Lavon Lawrence wrote:SD, I'm not going to reread anything you posted because you're boring me.
Playing chess does not boost intelligence, and all your ranting doesn't change that fact.
If you're what people have to go by as an example of the joys of chess, you can keep it, because you're a nasty, miserable human being.
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Actually, I systematically proved that not only are you an idiot, but you're an idiot who directly contradicts yourself. Even within the very same sentence.
You're the one who is mindlessly blabbing here. You're just a troll spamming your own stupid links that NOBODY is interested in.
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Wow, my comments about you must have really hit home. You're like a frustrated little child throwing a tantrum. You're not even trying to defend yourself.
I'm glad you keep posting. Now everyone will know what a fly-by-night retard you actually are.
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 14:27:00 UTC-6, DK wrote:This goes without being said, but not every chess player is a dick and trying to troll. :)
I've played chess when I was younger quite competitively, not quite to the FM level like Mr. Master. I agree with much that has been said.
1) It's not likely to improve your intelligence significantly in the ways we on the list discuss G, fluid intelligence, etc.
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 14:44:16 UTC-6, DK wrote:... I was agreeing with you.
I don't know what you're talking about this isn't a pseudonym. I've had this e-mail for years.
I'm game. I haven't played in years, but that's fine as I'm a "cretin"... What server? Is FICS still operating these days? I assume no one uses ICC anymore? Name the place I'll register an account.
I'm kind of curious what your kid-teaching persona is like.
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 14:52:03 UTC-6, T. Lavon Lawrence wrote:Oh he's probably a hit with the youngsters lol - the guy's got problems that chess can't fix.
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On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 14:58:42 UTC-6, T. Lavon Lawrence wrote:SD, you're really losing it, bro.
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On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 15:00:27 UTC-6, T. Lavon Lawrence wrote:Wow. This guy actually believes I'm two people. What a nut job.
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 15:03:56 UTC-6, T. Lavon Lawrence wrote:
Bro.
"I've played chess when I was younger quite competitively"
I was a competitive player when I was younger... in elementary school and middle school. As in, I haven't played in years.
"I've played chess when I was younger quite competitively"
I was a competitive player when I was younger... in elementary school and middle school. As in, I haven't played in years.delirioustk on chesscube.com
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 15:04:12 UTC-6, DK wrote:
"I've played chess when I was younger quite competitively"
I was a competitive player when I was younger... in elementary school and middle school. As in, I haven't played in years.delirioustk on chesscube.com
So much for you being "competitive", lol. I kicked your ass three games in a row. None of them were competitive in the very least. You're a weak club player at best.
Ok guys, I've had enough of your argument. With measuring your... chess abilities you're largely off topic now, which means several of your posts now count as spam. So while I'm really looking forward to see your posts in more meaningful conversation, please stop spamming NOW. Thanks. Sincerely, your friendly neighborhood cognitive-training enthusiast.
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 16:05:38 UTC-6, DK wrote:Nice try trolling. I haven't played in years as I said. It's not exactly easy to get back into playing 2 minute bullet games.
In a blitz 5 minute game, I would've easily won both Game 1 and Game 2.
Shouldn't you be destroying me if I haven't played in a competitive tournament in 10 years?
For anyone interested:LOL if anyone plays chess, they can verify for themselves if he "kicked my ass".
On Tuesday, 11 February 2014 16:12:10 UTC-6, T. Lavon Lawrence wrote:
Did Jason actually create an account with my name it!? LOL! That's hilarious.
You're still having conversations with yourself? Get a clue moron. Everyone knows that you're the same person.
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So let me get this straight. Did he beat you all three games or not? You posted a lot of some kind of alphanumeric code or something, but who won the games?
I think you meant to say "solemnly". I normally don't pick on someone for trivial spelling errors, but really "somnolenty"? I would expect a better attempt from a four-year old who suffers from Down's Syndrome. Forget about becoming a titled player. You don't even have the brain power to make it to C-class (1400-1599)
On Friday, 7 February 2014 17:45:46 UTC-6, Brandon Woodson wrote:And here they somnolently lie for an eternity, any unridden doubts that might have once stirred in mind about my chances of making it as a titled chess player... :)On Fri, Feb 7, 2014 at 5:07 PM, Solipsistic Dreams <jaso...@gmail.com> wrote:No, it's pretty clear that you're the one who needs to calm down. Your panties are in knots because I've proven you to be a fool! YOU review the thread. Specifically, review the posts that I made where I clearly refuted everything you said. You have yet to even acknowledge any of my claims, let alone try to refute them. The fact is, you don't know what you're talking about. You're a simpleton who just copies and pastes text without understanding anything. You know nothing about chess, or probably anything else for that matter. You are in NO POSITION to be commenting on what mental attributes are required to be a strong chess player. All you're doing is posting random drivel that has absolutely nothing at all to do with what is being discussed. Go back and RE-READ my posts until this is clear to you. Get someone to read them to you if that would be helpful for you. I'm not going to keep repeating myself when the information is all there and clearly accessible. At this point I'm wondering in earnest who turned the computer on for you. The same person who helped you to tie your shoelaces?
Expertise in playing chess IS expertise in the psychology of chess, you hapless imbecile. This is what I tried to teach you earlier, that chess is indeed a game of psychology, as much as its a game of objective theory. It is a sporting contest between two human opponents. The world's number one player, who happens to be the highest rated player in the history of the game, Magnus Carlsen, would tell you the same thing himself. So would Bobby Fischer who publicly stated that in order to be a great chess player you must be a "master psychologist". You don't understand this because, as i've said before, YOU DON'T KNOW ANYTHING AT ALL ABOUT CHESS. All you're doing is making a mindless reference to some obscure superficial studies done decades ago in which the "researcher" posted many errors, including the suggestion that Ruslan Ponomariov was a "world champion" in 2002 when at the time he wasn't even in the world's top 5! The studies also don't make any conclusive point whatsoever and are subject to lack of trail data and interpretation ambiguity. A more authoritative reference is someone who has demonstrated a high level of skill and understanding in chess. As I said, you're an idiot who can do nothing more than mindlessly copy/paste, and repeat what someone else says without understanding anything. You are a perfect example of someone who lacks the intelligence required to learn how to play chess, or any other intellectual pursuit, at a reasonable level.
You're completely deserving of everything I said about you. And quite a bit more! All you are is a wannabe poser. You lack the ability to THINK!
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No, actually, that 135 figure, which by the way is higher than the average PhD, and IS exceptional, was just something someone posted on a blog. It is not official in any way shape or form. Team of psychologists my ass. I'd like you to name the members of this so-called "team" and when and where it took place. Some websites quote Kasparov as having an IQ as high as 190,and put him in the top ten in the world http://www.therichest.com/business/the-top-10-most-intelligent-people-in-the-world/ which I think it's closer to the truth, albeit higher than I would have expected. Fischer's IQ of 187 was confirmed by a high-school transcript. Those are two exceptional IQs. In fact, exceptional would be an understatement. World Class is more like it.
The reality is that chess is an extremely complex and intellectual game. It's just that people like you, with average to below-average intelligence don't want to face reality. You want to believe that anything is possible for you, so long as you put your mind to it. Unfortunately for you, reality won't budge. If you ever got the nerve to join a national chess organization and compete in tournaments, you would find out just how harsh that reality really is.
On Sunday, 9 February 2014 05:49:45 UTC-6, Amaury M wrote:@Solipsistic Dreams: if you are that much into chess you'll certainly know that Kasparov was tested at his peak by a team of psychologists and that he scored in the 130s (i think it was 135). This is good but not nearly as exceptional as his chess skills.You don't need an exceptional IQ to be an exceptional chess player.
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Le vendredi 23 novembre 2012 03:09:18 UTC+1, Sheldon Cooper a écrit :Chess is often hailed as a game for intellects. It has even found its way into some classrooms, (in some cases) used to teach math and enhance problem solving. But does it actually work? Could playing intensive chess improve working memory and fluid intelligence?
I like playing chess, but I have better things to do if keeping my game up isn't going to help up my IQ.