he impact of working memory training
on a broad set of transfer tasks was examined. Each of three groups of
participants trained one specific functional category of working memory capacity: storage and processing, relational integration, and supervision. A battery comprising tests to measure working memory,
task shifting, inhibition, and reasoning was administered before,
immediately after, and 6 months after 4 weeks of computer-based training. Training
groups were compared to an active control group practicing perceptual
matching tasks. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models that
revealed distinct transfer profiles for the experimental groups:
Storage-Processing training had an effect on working memory and reasoning, and Supervision training improved task shifting and reasoning. There was no such broad transfer of Relational Integration training. The degree of improvement in the training tasks correlated positively with the magnitude of transfer. Differential effects of training different functional categories of working memory and executive functions could explain why previous studies yielded mixed results: Training specific processes leads to transfer on specific cognitive constructs only. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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