Are these academics actively engaged in advancing the emancipation of workers from their class struggle?Depends on which academic. I mean Byron mentioned one and Matt two. Bill brought forth a report form an Engineering Dept. as well. These academics investigate and explain how the capitalist gears turn within the economy or within corporations, bringing a different alternative perspective to traditional economic theory in such realms as workplace democracy, costs of transactions, etc.For example, strike the free market assumption from corporate behavior, because they usually operate by contract. It's not a free to choose construct, to paraphrase Milton Friedman, but a rock and hard place scenario between your personal freedom and that of corporate governance. How are workers emancipated? Democratic workplaces are inherently more efficient than authoritarian ones; there is less cost of control involved.Now to go the route supposed by industrial unionism, i.e. to appeal to government agency for relief of workplace issues, violates the shortest and simplest solution rule under an inherent assumption that government supports workers over the money-making businesses.
Subject: WIIU and AcademicsThe attempting revival of the original WIIU and the trotting forth of academic tidbits trickling down from professors perched on their ivory towers.Recently, in 3 posts on the WIIU discussion forum, we have been blessed with such trickling of tidbits by 3 academics.Are these academics actively engaged in advancing the emancipation of workers from their class struggle scourge? None whatsoever.The US history on the class struggle records only one such academic that devoted his life to doing just that. He decisively contributed to the establishment of the original IWW, and then, the original WIIU after the IWW was overrun and trashed by ignorant disruptors (anarcho-syndicalists). In memory, since 1914, he has been relegated to the status of nonperson.Actually, amongst our midst in the current WIIU, there is an academic who strives to carry forth the efforts of that nonperson. From responses received by his efforts, it appears that he too is destined to be relegated to the status of non person.All this to the glee and rejoicing of the capitalist class. As it was once said that nature abhors a vacuum, the capitalist class abhors any thought of working class emancipation. To them, may ignorance continue to reign amongst the working class, mired in a wasteland of disinformation, distortions, outright lies, rewriting of history, etc..
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Are these academics actively engaged in advancing the emancipation of workers from their class struggle?Depends on which academic. I mean Byron mentioned one and Matt two. Bill brought forth a report form an Engineering Dept. as well. These academics investigate and explain how the capitalist gears turn within the economy or within corporations, bringing a different alternative perspective to traditional economic theory in such realms as workplace democracy, costs of transactions, etc.For example, strike the free market assumption from corporate behavior, because they usually operate by contract. It's not a free to choose construct, to paraphrase Milton Friedman, but a rock and hard place scenario between your personal freedom and that of corporate governance. How are workers emancipated? Democratic workplaces are inherently more efficient than authoritarian ones; there is less cost of control involved.Now to go the route supposed by industrial unionism, i.e. to appeal to government agency for relief of workplace issues, violates the shortest and simplest solution rule under an inherent assumption that government supports workers over the money-making businesses.
Subject: WIIU and AcademicsThe attempting revival of the original WIIU and the trotting forth of academic tidbits trickling down from professors perched on their ivory towers.Recently, in 3 posts on the WIIU discussion forum, we have been blessed with such trickling of tidbits by 3 academics.Are these academics actively engaged in advancing the emancipation of workers from their class struggle scourge? None whatsoever.The US history on the class struggle records only one such academic that devoted his life to doing just that. He decisively contributed to the establishment of the original IWW, and then, the original WIIU after the IWW was overrun and trashed by ignorant disruptors (anarcho-syndicalists). In memory, since 1914, he has been relegated to the status of nonperson.Actually, amongst our midst in the current WIIU, there is an academic who strives to carry forth the efforts of that nonperson. From responses received by his efforts, it appears that he too is destined to be relegated to the status of non person.All this to the glee and rejoicing of the capitalist class. As it was once said that nature abhors a vacuum, the capitalist class abhors any thought of working class emancipation. To them, may ignorance continue to reign amongst the working class, mired in a wasteland of disinformation, distortions, outright lies, rewriting of history, etc..
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Workplace democracy under capitalism is an oxymoron. Academics may harbor an "alternative perspective" but on it goes without focus on the main point.
Workers, compelled to sell themselves as wage slaves, function within the confines of being in competition with each other. Academics also reside within that category, subject to the requirement that they toe the capitalist line. Thus their failure to definitively address wage slavery.
To wage slaves, there is no "alternative perspective," only exploitation to the max at any time.
To a capitalist, a worker's labor always costs too much. The bottom line is the capitalist class tends to render labor power outside the process of production.
Nicely put, if I may say so. Definitive but not entirely true, you know, because labor power theory had been developed well before any notion of workplace democracy. It is really in the interest of the capitalist to create a spirit of democracy in the workplace.
To see why, consider the term democracy applied to government. Is our society outside the workplace really democratic - No.
We may have elections, but Representatives we choose are the ones creating and voting on the laws that govern us. We can claim at best, only to vote for Representation. It's a second-order, limited democracy. Some would say the elections are contrived and unreal. It's a better view of government if you do.
Secondly the bottom of the line is always making profits. Fact is, workers don't realize profits through their labor. Profit is the only real power in business. Unprofitable business, facing competition from more profitable firms, complement Don's definition of wage slavery. To better compete in our worldwide marketplace is a national objective. Lesser developed nations are exploited by advanced ones... and so on it goes like an endless food chain.
As participants in the system we thereby reject by our actions, this anti-capitalist hypothesis that profit is the corrupting feature of society. It is only as we concentrate solely on the proficiency of our skilled work that the outside forces of profit may seem remote or otherworldly. Capitalists provide this role, if understandably foreign to us, as necessary within the structure of the enterprise. There's no end to competition once you are hired by whatever company.
Now, garnering greater profit can come about by working together more efficiently. So, can this be done voluntarily, spontaneously, more democratically?
That is a good question. I would ask how can it not be done more democratically? My rhetorical answer is that an inherent waste of resources is scuttled on supervisory personnel who don't add any value to production. Anything that doesn't add direct labor to production is superfluous, extraneous, a profit drag.
Classical economics regards business firms as sources of production. They also play a major role in governance. Any system of production that has adjacent functionary departments, gets resources, materials or subassemblies, and gives the same, has to have centrally coordinated governing resources. And costs, therefore accrue with the amount of effort required to get it all together.
Classical economics also regards the marketplace as being free, the efficient way to accrue all the necessities of life. Therefore, whenever a manufacturing corporation exists it's basically doing to as a system of governance outside the free voluntary function of the market. All its internal transaction have costs. Alternatively its outside suppliers also operate in terms governed by contract and guarantees of continued performance.
Classical economics neglects any costs of making outside transactions, and it views the corporation solely as a production function in the overall scheme of things. It's an outmoded concept.
Labor power theory was developed alongside classical economics. There are by now much more relevant ways to view the working economy, as something more than just labor power pitted against capitalists.
That is my prerogative, to bring another viewpoint that's m ore realistic to light.
The theory in context of workplace democracy is, all that the worker does is agree to work under the supervision of capitalists in exchange for a wage. It's as though the capitalist hires you based on your capacity to perform functions that you in turn, agree to actually do. To the degree that you can, without supervision, makes it more valuable to him because there's no need for control. Workplace democracy is an inherently more efficient program than the alternate, a hypothesis that labor-power (capacity) is all that the capitalist actually pays you for.
What happens if I return nothing profitable within my capacity? The capitalist gets a supervisor to force you into whatever he doesn't want to do himself. Now that two people are paid within their capacity, only one doing the work. What is accomplished?
I don't know if I can, Don. Thank you for defining labor power, though.
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We should be discussing how to organize our fellow workers.I strongly agree. We are engaging in very thorough theoretical discussion -- OK. But we also need to determine how to organize others -- on the job, or generaly in society.These are practical, organizational and political issues that are missing from the discussion.
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Excuse me (if I may say so, being a lowly high school graduate) if this seems to belabor caution on depending on academics for insightful thought for workers in their organizational endeavors. I think its important. It is rare indeed that an academic has useful input towards the cause of workers' emancipation. Deleon was mentioned as one. Another, mentioned before not by name, is a member of WIIU, an academic with a masters degree. The following article is by a worker, not an academic, but possesses a masters degree, taking on MIT academics and the Wall Street Journal which is stuffed full of them:
A Fractured Robotic Epiphany
Marxism teaches that the mode of production and distribution and the social structures that result from it are the primary dynamics of historical development, and the basis of human history. This concept is apparently outside the field of inquiry of MIT economist Erik Brynjolfson, who realized that advancing robotic technology would cause such massive unemployment "that there are people who want to work but can't." This was one of his observations that appeared in Timothy Aeppel's front-page article in the Wall Street Journal of February, entitled "Jobs and the Clever Robot," which ambivalently toyed with the popularly promoted notion that automation is a job creator. The facts of job elimination are increasingly numerous. Ever hear of the linotype operator or Teletype operator, or the wire photo technician? The pressman's work is more or less extinct. All have disappeared. We recently reported on automation's devastating effect on railroad transportation. Mining has been greatly supplanted by massive earth removal. Industry after industry has suffered job destruction by advancing technology.
The following lists a few of the current results of automation under capitalism, as cited in the article:
In Australia the Rio Tinto mining giant, automated self-driving trucks and drills requiring no operators and will soon deliver ore to a port 300 miles away by automated train.
In the highly automated Port of Los Angeles automation will soon cut in half the number of longshoremen. Legal research, stock reports, news stories, translation, online advertisement, bank monitoring of potential illegal transactions, all done previously by humans can now be done by computers.
Last year, Bill Gates noted people are unaware of the job threat computers pose to a whole array of jobs from drivers to nurses to waiters.
Among them are bank employees, 484,000 tellers in 1985 as opposed to 361,00 today.
One MIT economist, Scott Stern, observed "unpredictable results" of technological displacement at a faster and faster speeds.
Despite these signals of rapidly diminishing jobs, some still maintain that automation is a job creator. Among those is MIT's Frank Levy who wrote a book declaring driverless cars were impossible and has now become defensive regarding his widely published book. Significantly, the subject has launched monthly discussions and debates at MIT, though one need not hold one's breath that these could lead to the socialist conclusion, which would hardly qualify as grist for the Journal.
Among the economists "whistling in the dark" are those who blithely opine there are too many complex tasks that cannot be accomplished by robots, among which are cited in a sidebar pointing out that robots have a though time folding laundry! Well, now there's a job! The question will arise is there a sufficient number of openings for laundry operatives, hardly a growth industry? Not to worry! Technicians are already exploring gardening tasks, espresso operative, military pack carrying robots, etc. 88 percent of top economists polled by the Chicago School of Milton Freedman notoriety either agreed or strongly agreed that "automation has never historically led to reduced unemployment.:
Worth noting are some explanations that bear on the past decades of unemployment. MIT economist David Autor has found automation has inundated such occupations as "clerks and bookkeeper while creating jobs at the high and low-end of the market . . . one reason the labor market has polarized and wages have stagnated over the past 15 years," contributing "to growing inequality." Mr. Autor notes that the drive to automation's intent is not replacing workers but making them more productive, that is, increasing increments of profit per worker/ The amount of commodities increases but the employment level remains static. "Markets will yield new, yet-to-be imagined work...and according to modern economic history plenty of jobs."(15) But "the extension markets cannot keep pace with the extension of production'" and are governed by "quite different laws that work much less energetically" (Frederick Engels, Socialism: From Utopia to Science).
Meanwhile, as such discussions continue, the head of Georgia Institute of Technology's robotics program, Henrik Christensen, an expert in industrial robots, noted, "automation is spreading to factories world-wide, and China recently overtook the U.S. as the world's largest market for robots." Alongside this statement the Journal offered two graphs showing "More Work, Less Labor," and "Automation Nations" with China showing a growth of 174 percent while North America's growth is 26 percent, Japan 27 percent, S. Korea 22 percent, and German 15 percent.
According to Mr. Christensen, truck drivers will be replaced in 10 years, children won't have to learn to drive, but "will find plenty of jobs," a belief that goes unexplained. Scott Stern, another MIT economist believes that "technological advances are moving at a faster speed . . . with unpredictable results.
Despite this, the Journal article proceeds into "feel-good" territory striving to maintain optimism and faith with examples of why everything is going to be alright and "best-of -all-systems" hymns are introduced accordingly: "Some machines are so efficient they push down prices and create more demand-which in many cases spawns more jobs, not fewer." They cite the Rio Tinto example, stating that "the new equipment cut many jobs. . . . But the reductions will be partly offset by new types of work" such as "mechatronics engineers."
Marvelous! So the truck drivers are miraculously transformed into technicians? Not exactly. The truck drivers are cast out as human refuse, in a fashion analogous to when galley slaves wore out on the oars. A few are then plucked from the available stock of wage slaves to perform tasks related to robotic operations. In such scenarios do the number of new tech operatives paid higher wages equal the number of those laid-off at low-tech jobs: Hardly a likely scenario for if capitalists have to hire the same number of workers that robots render useless how are 'blood suckers' to make a profit - disclaimers of market expansion notwithstanding?
Growing unemployment and job destruction is an inevitable result of continued capitalist control of the means of social production and distribution. As the means of production continues to grow, ever in search for new markets, and competition drives every capitalist to more desperate measures to reduce the cost of production by employing more and more automated and robotic equipment, and fewer and fewer workers, so does the social fabric continue disintegrating with greater unemployment, and misery. Workers discharged from one industry by automation have little recourse but to seek work in another lured by the prospect of job retraining, with the prospect that the job they may have retrained for has been abolished because of automation!
The mode of production of capitalism is, as Frederick Engels noted, too restricted, too narrow, and is in revolt against the character of its appropriation as private property. Only socialism can reconcile automation and robotics with a social system that will bring into balance the needs of society and the capabilities of automation because only under such a system can products be produced to satisfy societies myriad requirements, not commodities produced for the enrichment of a tiny minority of the population.