From what I recall gobot uses sysfs bases GPIO driver that writes to /sys/class/gpio/* (using mmaped GPIOs is another way) using standard file io. If I am you, I would start with simply using the digitalinput or button driver (
https://godoc.org/gobot.io/x/gobot/drivers/gpio) straight. I think its missing on exporting the pin before it starts reading. In sysfs based gpio manipulation the pins need to be exported first, followed by setting its direction (input in this case) , and then you can start reading it, its somewhat like this in shell
```
echo <PIN> >/sys/class/gpio/export
echo input > /sys/class/gpio/gpio<PIN>/direction
cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio<PIN>/value
```
So, you can check manually whats going on, if the pin is being exported, if its direction is set correctly etc. You can also strace your executable to check what its doing, look for the specific write calls against those file path. gobot author is active in the mailing list as well, probably he'll respond soon (i noticed the opencv bindings from him recently, great person).
I dont have beaglebone with me, but i have tried with RPi,
hth