Plus42 is basically Free42 (which is basically an HP-42S), with HP-17B/19B/27S/35S equations and HP-48/49/50 units and directories bolted on. The Free42 and Plus42 web pages contain pointers to relevant documents, of which the HP-42S manual is the most important one. I can't recommend the 42S manual enough.
My intention is that for someone who is familiar with the HP-42S, or has read the HP-42S manual, the Free42 and Plus42 web pages should be enough to understand all the added functionality, but those pages are very terse. For equations specifically, reading the HP manual sections I point out in the Plus42 documentation section is highly recommended.
When I started using the HP-42S, back in 1989, I found it very useful to read the manual, even though I already had over 10 years of experience with programmable HP calculators by then, mostly with the HP-41C and 41CX. The 42S has enough sophisticated functionality that discovering it all without a manual is not really practical. Despite the well-designed user interface, there is just more than initially meets the eye.