छन्दःशास्त्रम् - लघुत्वम् - "प्रह्रे वा"

[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

(विशिष्य गणेशार्यो योजितः, अ)
नौमि..

वृत्तरत्नाकरः केदारभट्टरचितः (<-- अत्र नोदनेन प्राप्यः) मया पठ्यमान आसीत्। तत्र ९८-तमे पृष्ठे भद्रविराट् नाम अर्धसमवृत्तस्य उदाहरणे "परश्च ह्रीणां" इत्यत्र श्च-अक्षरस्य लघुत्वं विहितम् "प्रह्रे वा" इति उक्तिम् अवलम्ब्य। कुत इयम् उक्तिः?

पैङ्गलशास्त्रे वर्तते वा? अन्तर्जाले तु द्वितीयाध्यायाद् आरभ्य तस्य प्रतिकृतिं प्राप्तवान्। अन्यत्र क्व लभेयम् - कृपया सङ्केतं दद्यात् कश्चित्।

--
--
Vishvas /विश्वासः

[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

एवञ्च तत्रैव - 

2013/9/18 विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki) <vishvas...@gmail.com>

अन्यत्र तस्मिन्नेव पुस्तके एवम् अपि दृष्टम् - 

2013/9/17 विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki) <vishvas...@gmail.com>

--
निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः।। (भ.गी.)
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to a topic in the Google Groups "भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्" group.
To unsubscribe from this topic, visit https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bvparishat/ya1cGLuhc14/unsubscribe.
To unsubscribe from this group and all its topics, send an email to bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com.
To post to this group, send email to bvpar...@googlegroups.com.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/bvparishat.
For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.

--
--
Vishvas /विश्वासः

[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

अन्यत्र तस्मिन्नेव पुस्तके एवम् अपि दृष्टम् - 

2013/9/17 विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki) <vishvas...@gmail.com>

(विशिष्य गणेशार्यो योजितः, अ)

--
निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः।। (भ.गी.)
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to a topic in the Google Groups "भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्" group.
To unsubscribe from this topic, visit https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bvparishat/ya1cGLuhc14/unsubscribe.
To unsubscribe from this group and all its topics, send an email to bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com.
To post to this group, send email to bvpar...@googlegroups.com.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/bvparishat.
For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.

[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

+भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्, (bcc: पद्यधारा सूचनायै)

उपकृतास् स्मः‌ गणेशगुरो!

2013/9/22 Ganesh R <avadhan...@gmail.com>

namaskaaraH

Sorry for the delay in replying your mail. In these days I was not in stastion and coming just now from Oman.
Now your inquiry: Some times the rEpha in a saMyuktaakShara is ignored and consequently the letter before this is taken as laghu. This has happened so because of the influence of praakRta and dESya bhaaShaa-s' influence on Sanskrit prosody. This feature is well noticed and made as a rule in Kannada and Telugu too as shithila-dvitva. Even music has influenced prosody in arriving at such stands. One can refer to a treatise on music like caturdaNDee prakaashikaa where such consideration is explained with an example too. But none of the masters of Sanskrit poetry like Kaalidaasa, Bhaaravi, Maagha, Sriharsha,  Vishaakhadatta etc have taken such liberties and so me too wont exercise such deviations. Only in Kannada and such languages I rarely use this as the master poets here have used this feature at ease

regards

ganesh.

2013/9/21 विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki) <vishvas...@gmail.com>

प्रिय रागानुरागिन् मे

भवतैवोत्तरं स्रवेत्।

न पश्यामि कमप्यन्यं

पद्यबोधन उत्तरम्॥

[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

+धवलः

2013/10/23 विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki) <vishvas...@gmail.com>

श्रीमतः धवलात् एवं ज्ञातम् - 

[ विशिष्य तत्र "पादस्तस्यान्ते वर्तमानो लघुरपि विभाषया गुरुः स्यात्‌ । स च कविसमयव्यवहारात्‌ द्वितीयचतुर्थयोरेव पादयोरन्ते वेदितव्यः ।" इति मया न पूर्वज्ञातम्।  किम् आधुनिककविभिर् अङ्गीक्रियते स समयः? कृपया गणेशप्रभृतयस् सूचयन्तु …]

========================

सानुस्वारो विसर्गान्तो दीर्घो युक्तपरश्च यः ।

वा पादान्तस्त्वसौ ग्वक्रो ज्ञेयोऽन्यो मातृको लृजुः ॥ ९  

पदादाविह  वर्णस्य संयोगः क्रमसंज्ञिकः ।

पुरःस्थितेन  तेन स्याल्लघुताऽपि क्वचिद्गुरोः ॥ १०

These are the rules for Guru / Laghu in vRttaratnAkara.

Rule 1: sAnusvAra - this is covered in the code by including M in the consonant list.

Rule 2: visargAnta - this is also covered in the code by including H in the consonant list.

Rule 3: dIrgha - This is also covered in the code by including the long_vowel variables.

Rule 4: yuktapara - This needs a little refinement. This rule is made optional by the verse 10.

Rule 5 - pAdAnta - pAdAnta laghu is treated as guru optionally. The commentary says पादस्तस्यान्ते वर्तमानो लघुरपि विभाषया गुरुः स्यात्‌ । स च कविसमयव्यवहारात्‌ द्वितीयचतुर्थयोरेव पादयोरन्ते वेदितव्यः । . Meaning thereby that this optionality will work only in case of the second or fourth pAda only. A laghu at the end of First or Third pAda will not have an option of being a guru optionally.

Rule 6: Others having short vowels are laghu.

Rule 7: This is important. This is an optional exception to the rule 4. When there is a conjoint at the start of a word (pada), (not pAda), the guru (as mandated by Rule 4) is sometimes treated as laghu.

e.g.

निद्रव्यो ह्रियमेति ह्रीपरिगतः प्रभ्रश्यते तेजसः 

Here, as the ति preceding ह्री is mandated to be guru by rule 5 - by rule 7, it remains laghu.

If it is treated as guru - GGGLLGGGLLLG-GGLGGLG - doesnt correspond to zArdulavikrIDita meter.

If it is treated as laghu - GGGLLGLGLLLG-GGLGGLG - corresponds to the meter.

This is optional. 

See:

रागो नलिन्या हि निसर्गसिद्धस्तत्र भ्रमत्येव मुधा षडङ्घ्रिः ॥ 

Here, भ्र has त्र preceding, but still it got converted to dIrgha.

Also note that this applies only when the conjoint is at the start of a word (pada).

see:

प्रद्योतस्य प्रियदुहितरं वत्सराजोऽत्र जह्रे  ।

Here, the ह्र in जह्रे is not at the beginning of a word. Therefore the guru is mandatory.

=======================

I am attaching herewith Relevant portion of kedArabhaTTa's vRttaratnAkara - along with a commentary by sulhaNa (sukavihRdayAnandinI).
गुरुलघुपरिज्ञानार्थमाह




।
सानुस्वारो विसर्गान्तो दीर्घो युक्तपरश्च यः ।



वा पादान्तस्त्वसौ ग्वक्रो ज्ञेयोऽन्यो मातृको लृजुः ॥ ९  इति । 



सहानुस्वारेण
वर्तत इति सानुस्वारः । विसर्गान्तः सविसर्गः । दीर्घो
द्विमात्रः । युक्तपरः संयोगपरो यो भवति । चकाराद्व्यंजनांतोऽपि
गृह्यते । परिमिताक्षरमात्रो गणारचितो वक्ष्यमाणलक्षणो वृत्तस्य चतुर्थांशः पादस्तस्यान्ते
वर्तमानो लघुरपि विभाषया गुरुः स्यात्‌ । स च कविसमयव्यवहारात्‌
द्वितीयचतुर्थयोरेव पादयोरन्ते वेदितव्यः । यथा ।





प्रायः
समासन्नपराभवानां धियो विपर्यस्ततमा भवन्ति । 




असंभवे हेममयस्य
जन्तोस्तथाऽपि रामो लुलुभे मृगाय ॥ इति ।
तथा च । 



‘श्रियः पतिः[1] श्रीमति शासितुं
जगज्जगन्निवासो वसुदेवसद्मनि’[2] इत्यादि दृष्टव्यम्‌ ।



स च प्रस्तारे वक्रः स्थाप्य लघुलक्षणमाह । ज्ञेयोऽन्यो
मातृको लृजुः । अनुस्वरादिरहितो अन्यो मातृको एकमात्रो वर्णो लघुर्भवति । स च प्रस्तारे ऋजुः
सरलः । ९


युक्तपराश्च य
इत्यनेन प्राप्ते गुरुत्वे अपवादमाह ।


पदादाविह[3] वर्णस्य
संयोगः क्रमसंज्ञिकः ।


पुरःस्थितेन[4] तेन
स्याल्लघुताऽपि क्वचिद्गुरोः ॥ १०
विभक्त्यंतं पदं
तस्य पदस्यादौ वर्तमानो यो वर्णस्तस्य संयोगः । स इह शास्त्रे क्रमसंज्ञो
ज्ञेयः । तेन क्रमेण पुरोवर्तिना प्राक्पदांते वर्तमानस्य  प्राप्तगुरुभावस्यापि लघुता स्यात्‌ । क्वचिल्लक्षानुरोधेन । ननु क एषः[5] क्रमो नाम संयोग उच्यते । पूर्वाचार्याणां
पिंगलनागप्रभृतीनां कालिदासादीनां च कवीनां समयः[6] परिगृहीतः । संयोगः क्रमसंयोगः । १०



तत्र ग्रसंयोगेन[7] यथा । इदमस्योदाहरणम्‌ ।



तरुणं सर्षपशाकं नवौदनं पिच्छलानि च दधीनि ।



अल्पव्ययेन सुंदरि ग्राम्यजनो मिष्टमश्नाति[8] ॥ ११

इतोऽप्य् अनेकान्य् उदाहरणानि दर्शितानि तट्टीकायाम् - https://archive.org/download/SukavihRdayAnandinI/sukavihRdayAnandinI.pdf

--
--
Vishvas /विश्वासः

[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

[Nityanand Misra]

On Thursday, October 24, 2013 1:03:25 AM UTC+8, विश्वासो वासुकेयः wrote:

Rule 7: This is important. This is an optional exception to the rule 4. When there is a conjoint at the start of a word (pada), (not pAda), the guru (as mandated by Rule 4) is sometimes treated as laghu.

e.g.

निद्रव्यो ह्रियमेति ह्रीपरिगतः प्रभ्रश्यते तेजसः 

Here, as the ति preceding ह्री is mandated to be guru by rule 5 - by rule 7, it remains laghu.

If it is treated as guru - GGGLLGGGLLLG-GGLGGLG - doesnt correspond to zArdulavikrIDita meter.

If it is treated as laghu - GGGLLGLGLLLG-GGLGGLG - corresponds to the meter.

This is optional. 

See:

रागो नलिन्या हि निसर्गसिद्धस्तत्र भ्रमत्येव मुधा षडङ्घ्रिः ॥ 

Here, भ्र has त्र preceding, but still it got converted to dIrgha.

Also note that this applies only when the conjoint is at the start of a word (pada).

see:

प्रद्योतस्य प्रियदुहितरं वत्सराजोऽत्र जह्रे  ।

Here, the ह्र in जह्रे is not at the beginning of a word. Therefore the guru is mandatory.

A counter-example (such usage in the middle of the pada) is seen in verse 813 of the Nārāyaṇīyam.

राज्ञां मध्ये सपदि जह्रिषे मित्रविन्दामवन्तीम्

where ज is to be treated as लघु.  Some online versions have the reading जहृषे which is incorrect. हृञ् हरणे - आत्मनेपदे - लिटि -
जह्रे, जह्राते, जह्रिरे. जह्रिषे, जह्राथे, जह्रिध्वे. जह्रे, जह्रिवहे, जह्रिमहे. The edition by T Ganapati Sastri has the right reading (attached).

Also see the footnotes in the attached commentary on the Sutra गन्ते (पि.सू. १/१०) of Chandah Shastra edition of NSP (Kavyamala Series 91). Especially note the citations -

वर्णो गुरुर्मतो ह्रेप्रे पादान्ते चापि वा लघुः (छन्दःकौस्तुभे)
यदा तीव्रप्रयत्नेन संयोगादेरगौरवम्
न च्छन्दोभङ्गमप्याहुस्तदा दोषाय सूरयः (छन्दःप्रकाशे)
यदि हि युक्तपरः श्रममन्तरा लघुरपि प्रभवेच्चरणान्तरा (?)
अणु वदन्ति न वृत्तविदूषणं तमथ भूषणमेव मनीषिणः (वृत्तप्रत्ययकौमुद्याम्)

Needless to say, these are not universally agreed upon. The purists' view is to treat all संयोगपर as गुरु, as Shatavadhani Ganesh Ji does. The other view is that they can be optionally लघु if the effort in pronunciation of the conjunct is quick (तीव्रप्रयत्नेन) or with less effort (श्रममन्तरा). Examples of both views are seen in middle-age and modern Samskrita poetry.

[Mārcis Gasūns]

On Sunday, 27 October 2013 14:10:42 UTC+4, Nityanand Misra wrote:

Needless to say, these are not universally agreed upon. The purists' view is to treat all संयोगपर as गुरु, as Shatavadhani Ganesh Ji does. The other view is that they can be optionally लघु if the effort in pronunciation of the conjunct is quick (तीव्रप्रयत्नेन) or with less effort (श्रममन्तरा). Examples of both views are seen in middle-age and modern Samskrita poetry.

Wonder if we can use it for reinterpreting CVC syllable structure. For my purposes a word starting with V or C, CC, CCC is equal in some way and if I count statistics, I must suppose that these are the possible word openings, possible variants. Or I could treat संयोगपर (CC, CCC) all as just C, which is similar to the discussion topic.

[Nityanand Misra]

Use what? Please be clear. 

By Samyogapara, I meant "a vowel which is followed by a Samyoga" (CC, CCC, CCCC and so on). My usage was a Bahuvrihi (exocentric compound).

I wonder how prosodic considerations of conjuncts would help you anyway in your frequency count or your objective. Actually I am not sure about the problem you are trying to solve. If you let me know your end goals I can help better, otherwise the discussion on conjunct frequencies is an endless one - and that too when we have only the univariate distribution of syllables from Oliver's [slightly dirty] data. When we start to think of joint probabilities and multivariate distributions we have enough to write a book.