[Next Project] Two Years Before the Mast, by Richard Henry Dana

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Kevin Palm

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Apr 18, 2023, 10:59:39 AM4/18/23
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I'm most likely putting the cart before the horse as I'm just starting the review process on my first book, but I didn't realize how fun and addictive this process is!  I'd like to try  "Two Years Before the Mast" by Richard Henry Dana for my next project.  Guess I'm sticking with a nautical theme...  ;-)

Alex Cabal

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Apr 18, 2023, 11:04:42 AM4/18/23
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Sure, you can start that, but please wait until after your first book is
reviewed as often there is a lot of work left to do after a first
production.

Cut the introduction as it's not interesting. This work also has
bridgeheads and endnotes. Please send a link to your repo once you get
started.
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Kevin Palm

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Apr 18, 2023, 11:06:01 AM4/18/23
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Thanks, Alex!  I'll definitely wait, I just wanted to get my foot in the door!

Kevin Palm

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Apr 20, 2023, 8:24:23 PM4/20/23
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The PG version has a poem before the preface, and I have a question before I do my first commit and open a repository::

"  ——Crowded in the rank and narrow ship,
  Housed on the wild sea with wild usages,
  Whate'er in the inland dales the land conceals
  Of fair and exquisite, O! nothing, nothing,
  Do we behold of that in our rude voyage.
                             Coleridge's Wallenstein."

The scan I'm looking at only has one line of it:

"Housed on the wild sea with wild usages."

Should I keep ANY of it, or cut it?

Alex Cabal

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Apr 20, 2023, 8:26:31 PM4/20/23
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Kevin Palm

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Apr 20, 2023, 9:01:03 PM4/20/23
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Roger that!

My repository:  https://github.com/PiperKev/richard-henry-dana-jr_two-years-before-the-mast

Scans:  https://archive.org/details/twoyearsbeforema0000henr/mode/2up

On Tuesday, April 18, 2023 at 11:06:01 AM UTC-4 Kevin Palm wrote:

Alex Cabal

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Apr 20, 2023, 9:06:03 PM4/20/23
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Emma Sweeney

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Apr 21, 2023, 12:12:03 AM4/21/23
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Sure.

As for the poem, you can keep the whole section and put it in an epigraph file.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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Apr 21, 2023, 7:17:47 PM4/21/23
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Thanks, Emma!  Now I just have to figure out how to do that...  ;-)

Kevin Palm

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Apr 22, 2023, 4:58:34 PM4/22/23
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I came across the following (It appears to be a note from one of the PG editors):

"[Editor's note: the "166°" in the following paragraph is clearly an error, with "116°" actually meant. Longitude 166° would have put the ship southwest of the Sandwich Islands. However, this printing error goes back to at least an 1869 edition of this book.]

Sunday, May 22d.  Lat. 5° 14' N., long. 166° 45' W. "

How should I deal with this?

Emma Sweeney

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Apr 22, 2023, 7:07:20 PM4/22/23
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If you can find page scans that shows "116°" then you can correct this. Otherwise, leave it as is.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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Apr 23, 2023, 8:58:26 AM4/23/23
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I found scans as early as an 1844 edition on Hathi that still had the 166, so I'll just keep it and remove the editor's note.

David

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Apr 23, 2023, 9:15:43 AM4/23/23
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Just out of curiosity, I took a look, and found about a half-dozen printings on Archive.org with `116` rather than `166`. Here's one, and another. (I found them using a "full text" search...)

F.W.I.W.!

David / Fife, UK

Kevin Palm

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Apr 23, 2023, 11:39:27 AM4/23/23
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Nice!  I just looked for earlier editions assuming it had been corrupted in a later edition, not the other way around!  Since the second edition you found with the correction was published in 1907, I'd think that would be justification to change it!  Thanks!

Emma Sweeney

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Apr 23, 2023, 2:40:36 PM4/23/23
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I almost forgot: make this change as an [editorial] commit.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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Apr 23, 2023, 5:53:43 PM4/23/23
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Done!  Thank goodness for "git commit --amend"  :-)

Kevin Palm

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Apr 27, 2023, 9:50:42 AM4/27/23
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So, se find-mismatched-dashes flagged a couple of instances of "bucket-maker" (2) vs. "bucketmaker" (1).  The "bucketmaker" instance is actually a nickname for someone:

"He was born in Hingham, and of course was called “Bucketmaker.”"

One of the instances of "bucket-maker" refers to the same person in a later chapter:

"Nat, the “bucket-maker,” grave and sober, left the seas..."

The other instance refers to a vocation:

"One of our boys was the son of a bucket-maker..."

How should I handle these? 

Emma Sweeney

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Apr 27, 2023, 1:34:05 PM4/27/23
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I recommend changing "bucket-maker" to "bucketmaker". Make sure this change is an [Editorial] commit.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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Apr 27, 2023, 2:12:14 PM4/27/23
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Roger!  Should the second nickname be capitalized like the first one?

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Emma Sweeney

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Apr 27, 2023, 2:39:25 PM4/27/23
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You can capitalize the nickname.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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Apr 27, 2023, 5:19:02 PM4/27/23
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Thanks, Emma.  Done.

Kevin Palm

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Apr 27, 2023, 9:20:46 PM4/27/23
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Having a problem with my ToC.  I built the manifest and spine with no problems but, when I build the ToC, I get a duplicate entry for the final chapter, 38.  It's an unnumbered chapter, titled "Twenty Four Years After", and the two ToC entries reference 

<a href="text/chapter-38.xhtml">Twenty-Four Years After</a>

<a href="text/chapter-38.xhtml#chapter-38">Twenty-Four Years After</a>

I've gone through content.opf and chapter-38.xhtml with a fine-toothed comb, and I can't figure out why the chapter has a duplicate entry.  I suppose I could manually edit the ToC, but that's not how I want to fix this.  Any ideas?

I committed the manifest and spine already, but I'm attaching the toc.xhtml file since I don't want to commit a bad file.

toc.xhtml

Emma Sweeney

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Apr 27, 2023, 9:51:30 PM4/27/23
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You need to use  <h2> and <h3>  elements for the chapter titles.
 
Emma

Emma Sweeney

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Apr 27, 2023, 9:52:56 PM4/27/23
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Make sure to address the lint errors that are related to the file headers before building the ToC.

Emma

Kevin

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Apr 27, 2023, 10:01:01 PM4/27/23
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I will run it.  I was following the Step by Step guide, which doesn't have you running lint until after building the ToC, so I didn't think to run it.

Oh boy, lint says I have a LOT of work to do...  :-)

Kevin Palm

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Apr 28, 2023, 11:08:26 AM4/28/23
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Discovered that my ToC issue was an extra header in Chapter 38.  Once I removed that tag and fixed all the other header issues, my ToC is correct.

I'm getting some "Non-English confusable phrase set without italics." errors from lint for some foreign phrases that are in M-W, like 

 par excellence
ex-officio (without the dash in M-W)
ad infinitum

Since these ARE in M-W, I believe they don't need to be italicized so, should I just ignore the lint errors, or put the chapter in lint-ignore.xml in case there are legitimate errors in other chapters, or something else?

Kevin Palm

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Apr 28, 2023, 11:39:19 AM4/28/23
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One other issue, Dana tends to end a paragraph without punctuation when referencing a date, like:

"In the midst of our painting, on</p>
<p>Friday, <abbr>Dec.</abbr> 19th,..."

and

"and at daybreak on the morning of</p>
<p>Tuesday, Jan 13th, 1835..."

Of course, lint flags these with "Possible typo: paragraph missing ending punctuation."  Again, add these to lint-ignore.xml?

Alex Cabal

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Apr 28, 2023, 12:00:06 PM4/28/23
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https://standardebooks.org/manual/1.7.0/single-page#8.2.9.9
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Kevin Palm

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Apr 28, 2023, 12:10:12 PM4/28/23
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Thanks, Alex!  The more I read the SEMoS, the more I seem to miss...  :-(

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Emma Sweeney

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Apr 28, 2023, 1:33:53 PM4/28/23
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Your page scans show an em-dash at the end of "In the midst of our painting, on". You can ignore the second example.

Emma
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Kevin Palm

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Apr 30, 2023, 1:33:53 PM4/30/23
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Disregard my last post, I'm going to attempt to soldier on and finish this.  It may not be done quickly, but hopefully it'll be correctly...

Emma Sweeney

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Apr 30, 2023, 8:08:47 PM4/30/23
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Take your time! We prefer it done correctly vs quickly. If you still feel like it's too big of a project and want to work on something else, that's OK as well.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 1, 2023, 3:24:09 PM5/1/23
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Thanks, Emma!  I was just having a crisis of confidence (and some sleep deprivation. :-) ).  Will do!

lint is throwing an error on my epigraph.xhtml file:

│ t-070 │ Manual Review │ epigraph.xhtml      │ <cite> in epigraph ending in a period.                                                                                                                            │
├───────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│       │               │                   → │ <cite>Coleridge’s Wallenstein.</cite>

The only place I've found so far with the complete verse and citation is an 1899 edition on Hathi:  

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn5b3l

This edition DOESN'T have the period after the "Coleridge's Wollenstein" citation:
hvd.hn5b3l-seq_7.jpg


Can I delete the period without making it an Editorial commit?

Emma Sweeney

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May 1, 2023, 4:56:27 PM5/1/23
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Removing this period doesn't have to be an editorial commit. I usually include this change in a commit titled "Manual typography changes".

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 1, 2023, 8:25:52 PM5/1/23
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Will do!

I did encounter something while running "se build --check-only" that I'm not sure how to fix.  I get the following errors:

Screenshot from 2023-05-01 20-19-56.png

I'm attaching my endnotes.xhtml to see if there's something obvious I might be missing.  If there's something in the SEMoS that might point me in the right direction, a nudge would be appreciated...
endnotes.xhtml

Brian

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May 1, 2023, 9:17:27 PM5/1/23
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It's easy to miss, but in endnote #7, you're missing a </p> for your first paragraph:

 they never taste. <p>And, indeed, they


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Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 8:34:35 AM5/2/23
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Thanks, Brian!  I found a couple more issues in that same endnote.  I ran clean earlier, and it seemed to zorch the formatting on chapter 38 and endnotes for some reason.  Looks like it's fixed now!

Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 10:02:50 AM5/2/23
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Question about a phrase:

"...and perhaps with none the less admiration and enthusiasm for their want of acquaintance with the professional detail."

It doesn't seem to me that, based on context,  "none the less" should be modernized to "nonetheless" in this instance, but I'm not totally sure.  Thoughts?

Weijia Cheng

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May 2, 2023, 10:28:35 AM5/2/23
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Leave it, "none the less" here is describing the quality of the admiration and enthusiasm, not being used like "regardless" as "nonetheless" would be.

Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 10:40:39 AM5/2/23
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Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 10:51:49 AM5/2/23
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A stylistic question:  Dana uses the phrase: "A voice from the forecastle has hardly yet been heard." to describe the lack of narratives from common seamen.  The PG transcription has this in all unitalicized text, but the scan has it italicized as shown.  Should "A voice from the forecastle" be italicized as in the scans, or is there a better way to handle it, like <em>, perhaps?

Weijia Cheng

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May 2, 2023, 11:09:00 AM5/2/23
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You can just follow the scans and use <em> for emphasis.

Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 4:25:32 PM5/2/23
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I figure it's never too early to start a cover pic quest, so I thought I could reuse an idea I had for The Sea Hawk, but never used.  It's Kalme zee, by Hendrik Willem Mesdag.  It's hosted at Rijksmuseum and is listed as CC0:

https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-1891

Here's the original:

SK-A-1891.jpg

And resized and cropped for a mockup:

mockup.jpg

Emma Sweeney

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May 2, 2023, 5:51:06 PM5/2/23
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The cover looks good!

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 6:08:35 PM5/2/23
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Thanks!  I like it better for this than I did for The Sea Hawk!

Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 10:19:54 PM5/2/23
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I found that the scans I was using differed too much from the edition transcribed by PG, so I searched and found scans that appear to be for the same edition as PG, published by Macmillan in 1916.  I'd like to use these scans moving forward, if I may!

Emma Sweeney

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May 2, 2023, 10:29:49 PM5/2/23
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That's fine.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 2, 2023, 11:07:27 PM5/2/23
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Interestingly, that edition doesn't include "Twenty Four Years Later," but the rest of the text matches PG's transcription almost exactly.  I can't find scans of any other editions so far that have the Keyes intro besides this one and PG, so I'm at a loss as to which edition PG used.  Can I stick with the Google scans I just linked to for the bulk of the book, but use the scans I li ked to originally for "Twenty Four Years After"?

SOOOO many editions/revisions of this book out there...

Emma Sweeney

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May 3, 2023, 12:49:40 AM5/3/23
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You can use both scans. It looks like the IA page scans has a short introduction that was not included in the PG transcription. Read over it and see if it is worth adding. Does it add any interesting information that the other introduction doesn't provide?

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 3, 2023, 8:05:59 AM5/3/23
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Alex told me to cut the PG intro, so I didn't consider adding the one from the IA scan.  It's definitely more concise than the one from PG, but I personally don't think it adds much beyond what the actual text does.  I'm thinking that decision is most likely above my paygrade.  :-)

Kevin Palm

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May 3, 2023, 1:05:34 PM5/3/23
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When Dana mentions time, he tends to put a comma after the number (i.e.: "three, a.m.").  Should I remove the comma?

Emma Sweeney

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May 3, 2023, 5:25:37 PM5/3/23
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Remove the comma.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 3, 2023, 9:52:33 PM5/3/23
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WILCO

Kevin

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May 3, 2023, 9:57:07 PM5/3/23
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Alex, is this okay with you, or should I keep looking?

Alex Cabal

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May 4, 2023, 12:59:40 AM5/4/23
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Yes, the manager is in charge of the cover. Looks good!

On 5/3/23 8:57 PM, Kevin wrote:
> Alex, is this okay with you, or should I keep looking?
>
> On 5/2/23 17:51, Emma Sweeney wrote:
>> The cover looks good!
>>
>> Emma
>> On Tuesday, May 2, 2023 at 4:25:32 PM UTC-4 pipe...@gmail.com wrote:
>>
>> I figure it's never too early to start a cover pic quest, so I
>> thought I could reuse an idea I had for The Sea Hawk, but never
>> used.  It's Kalme zee, by Hendrik Willem Mesdag.  It's hosted at
>> Rijksmuseum and is listed as CC0:
>>
>> https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-1891
>>
>> Here's the original:
>>
>> SK-A-1891.jpg
>>
>> And resized and cropped for a mockup:
>>
>> mockup.jpg
>>
>
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Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 7:49:38 AM5/4/23
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Ah, sorry.  I was going by the section on the Step by Step that said you had to approve it.  Thanks!


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Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 10:11:10 AM5/4/23
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A question on spelling:  In chapter VII, Dana says a flag is Chilian, and M-W has Chilian as "variant spelling of chilean," so I left it.  Later on in the chapter, he calls the country "Chili," and the only reference I can find on M-W (or anywhere else, for that matter) for that spelling is in regard to the pepper or the dish.  The spelling "Chile" is the only reference I can find to the country.  Should I change it as an Editorial commit, since the scans show "Chili"?

Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 10:14:12 AM5/4/23
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And, if I am to change "Chili" to "Chile," should I change the instances of "Chilian" to Chilean" for consistency?

Robin Whittleton

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May 4, 2023, 10:49:40 AM5/4/23
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Yes, please do to both. This was a recent change to modernize-spelling that isn’t in a release version yet.

On 4 May 2023, at 16:14, Kevin Palm <pipe...@gmail.com> wrote:

And, if I am to change "Chili" to "Chile," should I change the instances of "Chilian" to Chilean" for consistency?
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Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 10:50:19 AM5/4/23
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Thanks, Robin!

Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 11:46:14 AM5/4/23
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Sorry to keep asking questions like this, but I want this production to be as good as possible.  Dana does a lot of ending paragraphs with an em dash when following with a date, like:

"After speaking the Carolina, on the 21st August, nothing occurred to break the monotony of our life until—
Friday, September 5th, when we saw a sail

But a couple of times he just ends the paragraph and goes to the date in the next paragraph:

"We continued sailing along with a fair wind and fine weather until
Tuesday, Nov. 25th, when at daylight..."

which lint complains about.  Should I add an em dash to those paragraphs (with an Editorial commit) for consistency's sake, or just leave them be?  I know I asked this before, but I thought that chapter 8 was the only occurrence.

Emma Sweeney

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May 4, 2023, 3:23:50 PM5/4/23
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Check your page scans. If there is a em-dash there, add it; if there is none, leave it as-is.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 3:38:54 PM5/4/23
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Emma Sweeney

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May 4, 2023, 7:11:19 PM5/4/23
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Can you link an example from the page scans?

Emma

On Thu, May 4, 2023 at 4:00 PM Kevin Palm <pipe...@gmail.com> wrote:
As Columbo would say, "Just one more thing."  ;-)

Emphasis.  Dana emphasises a TON of words and phrases, not many of which are foreign words.  Should I duplicate emphasis throughout the book to match the scans?

Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 8:09:00 PM5/4/23
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Here's  an example from Chapter 2.
Two Years Before the Mast C2.pdf

Emma Sweeney

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May 4, 2023, 8:17:10 PM5/4/23
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Yes, add <em>s to match the scans.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 4, 2023, 8:34:29 PM5/4/23
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Will do!  I actually already started doing that!

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Kevin Palm

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May 5, 2023, 9:59:42 PM5/5/23
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Something else I'm noticing as I go through the scans:  There are over one hundred endnotes, in a separate "Notes" section, that do not appear in the PG transcription.  They're separate from the footnotes.  It'd be a bit of a pain to add them, since I'd have to manually type them in, but I really do think they add to the reader's understanding of the nautical terms that Dana just throws out there,  plus some explanation of the foreign expressions.  Should I add them to the endnotes?

Emma Sweeney

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May 5, 2023, 10:36:29 PM5/5/23
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The notes look important. Let's add them. You can copy and paste the raw OCR to save you a lot of work.

I also see a glossary. I'll let Alex decide whether that's necessary or not.


Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 5, 2023, 10:38:30 PM5/5/23
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Alex Cabal

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May 5, 2023, 10:59:41 PM5/5/23
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We don't need the glossary, it's mostly common terms in a dictionary now

On 5/5/23 9:36 PM, Emma Sweeney wrote:
> The notes look important. Let's add them. You can copy and paste the raw
> OCR to save you a lot of work.
>
> I also see a glossary
> <https://www.google.com/books/edition/Two_Years_Before_the_Mast/_uwxAQAAMAAJ?q=two+years+before+the+mast+macmillan&gbpv=1#f=false>. I'll let Alex decide whether that's necessary or not.
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Kevin Palm

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May 6, 2023, 1:27:29 PM5/6/23
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One of the notes contains a reference "see pg. 14," which, of course, no longer exists.  Cut it?

Weijia Cheng

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May 6, 2023, 2:07:09 PM5/6/23
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You can replace that with the text "see here" and a link to the relevant paragraph. You can see an example of that pattern here: https://github.com/standardebooks/leo-tolstoy_what-is-art_aylmer-maude/blob/master/src/epub/text/introduction.xhtml

You will need to add an ID to the paragraph following this rule: https://standardebooks.org/manual/1.7.0/5-general-xhtml-and-css-patterns#5.1.2.8

Kevin

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May 6, 2023, 2:34:13 PM5/6/23
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Thanks!  That worked!

Weijia Cheng

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May 6, 2023, 3:36:18 PM5/6/23
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A reminder I just thought of: that "see here" change should be editorial. Thanks!

Kevin Palm

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May 10, 2023, 8:59:13 AM5/10/23
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While adding the endnotes to each chapter, I came across an instance where Dana refers to "San Juan Campestrano," which is a misspelling of "San Juan Capistrano."  The applicable endnote states

"San Juan Campestrano, should read San Juan Capistrano."

Should I correct the spelling in the text and omit the endnote (Editorial commit, of course), or leave the spelling as-is and keep the endnote?

Emma Sweeney

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May 10, 2023, 9:25:13 AM5/10/23
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It looks like the spelling was corrected in your IA page scans. You can correct the spelling and omit the endnote.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 10, 2023, 9:36:17 AM5/10/23
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Roger.

Kevin Palm

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May 10, 2023, 9:47:25 AM5/10/23
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One other question that I probably should've asked earlier.  Dana himself wrote 11 footnotes, while the 200 or so notes from the "Notes" section that I'm adding as additional endnotes were written by Homer Eaton Keyes for this edition.  Do I need to differentiate the two authors in the endnotes themselves, or is it enough to have the attribution in content.opf?

Emma Sweeney

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May 10, 2023, 3:48:24 PM5/10/23
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You can add "--Keyes" to the end of the editor's notes. You can look at Tomas Paine's works for examples.

Emma

Kevin

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May 10, 2023, 3:52:09 PM5/10/23
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I was afraid you were going to say that...  :-)

Kevin Palm

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May 11, 2023, 7:37:36 PM5/11/23
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FYI, our daughter and her boyfriend will be visiting for Mother's Day this weekend, so there won't be any more progress until Monday.  Hope it's not an issue.

David at Standard Ebooks

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May 11, 2023, 9:26:27 PM5/11/23
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No rush, there are no deadlines here!

Kevin Palm

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May 19, 2023, 1:21:26 PM5/19/23
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Some of the Sandwich Islanders that Dana refers to have nicknames based on the vessel they were in, such as "Lagoda-Jack" and "California-Bill."  Do I need to add ship tags to the vessels in their names?

Emma Sweeney

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May 19, 2023, 4:32:41 PM5/19/23
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Don't add ship tags since these are people's names.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 19, 2023, 5:05:02 PM5/19/23
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I figured,  but I thought I'd make sure!

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Kevin Palm

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May 21, 2023, 10:37:04 AM5/21/23
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A question about editions.  In doing my cover-to-cover proofread, I came across a section of a paragraph that is present in the PG transcription but isn't in the scans I'm using.  It IS present in a later edition (The scans I'm using are from a 1916 reprint of a 1909 edition, the scans that have the paragraph section are from a 1930 reprint of a 1912 edition).

Do I try to conform to the 1916 scans and excise the section, or leave it since it IS in the transcription and is present in later editions?

Emma Sweeney

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May 21, 2023, 10:46:55 AM5/21/23
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Can you give the page scan link of the paragraph ?

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 21, 2023, 11:50:13 AM5/21/23
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It's on pages 144 and 145 of the 1930 scans.  The part that begins with "and a good deal of beauty, and their morality..." and ends with, "...would risk the same lives to complete the dishonor of another." is missing from the 1916 scans, as well as the section in the next paragraph that begins with "Indeed, to show the entire want of any sense of morality..." and ends with, "...would generally buy them off."

Emma Sweeney

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May 21, 2023, 12:29:34 PM5/21/23
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It looks like the text was bowdlerized in the 1916 edition. We do not bowdlerize texts we work on.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 21, 2023, 12:32:35 PM5/21/23
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Kevin Palm

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May 21, 2023, 12:35:15 PM5/21/23
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Considering some of the other things I've come across on this book, I'm surprised this was the first instance of bowderlization I've seen so far!

Kevin Palm

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May 24, 2023, 2:36:15 PM5/24/23
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A question on emphasis.  Dana normally italicizes the dates that head a paragraph, like they are diary entries.  For a couple of chapters now, the very first paragraph starts with a date like the others, but they're not italicized and appear to be small caps.  Do I emphasize those dates for consistency, or should I make them small caps like the scans?

Screenshot from 2023-05-24 14-29-43.png

Emma Sweeney

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May 24, 2023, 4:05:43 PM5/24/23
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Make them italicized. Use <i> since the italics are for visual styling.

Emma

Kevin Palm

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May 24, 2023, 4:09:25 PM5/24/23
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Kevin Palm

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May 25, 2023, 10:52:09 PM5/25/23
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I've been using <em> tags to italicize the words/phrases/dates, etc. that Dana italicizes in the scans.  Should I have been using <i> tags instead?

Weijia Cheng

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May 25, 2023, 11:03:26 PM5/25/23
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<em> is only for semantic emphasis. If italics is being used strictly for formatting and not for semantic information, like the dates at the start of paragraphs, they can be <i>s. But the typical use of italics to emphasis words and phrases inside of paragraphs should be <em>s.
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