Yes, this is a little odd, but I believe its basically WAI. The node we ship with emscripten is mostly for running the JS tools that we have in emscripten. We want it to be relatively stable for this reason but also so that emscripten is known to work versions of node in the wild. We don't want to end up accidentally depending on ToT node features for the normal workflow. We also happen to use it for a lot of our internal testing too, to be sure that most of our output also runs in stable/old version of node. However we also use d8 and other runtimes as needed.
Even if we update to the latest version I believe node is relatively slow at pulling in new v8 versions so even the latest version might not contain the pcodes that you want. So I think Thomas is probably right that using jsvu to install tot versions of various command line runtime might be the way to go.
I wonder if we can detect this problem and report it in a nicer way though? Perhaps if you build with wasm + simd support we could try to give better errors when running on incompatible vms?
cheers,
sam