Please, read my comments in black under each
topic.
MEMORANDUM:
BIAFRA
12-11-2015
AS POLITICAL SCIENCE,
BIAFRA WOULD BE A DISASTER; AS SOCIAL SCIENCE, IT WOULD BE
BRILLIANT
GREETING! The issue of Biafra in Nigeria and the issue of unification in
Africa and the diaspora are entwined, at least at the levels of abstraction
needed to conjure a philosophical analysis of our common Fate. How can
we pursue unification of fifty-five nations, hundreds/thousands of ethnic
groupings, and scattered remnants around the world? If there is to be a
New World Order, must we enter therein racked with internal
disorders?
A giant step was taken in 1963 when OAU now AU was
formed. The Philadelphia Inquirer responded by saying that African tribal chiefs
can never Unite. But who knows.
Africans are on our way towards a POLITICAL
UNITY which is a condition precedent for Economic
growth.
Few people in the world know that SEEK YE A
POLITICAL KINGDOM AND ALL THE REST SHALL BE ADDED UNTO
YOU.
When we are united we become what our American
constitution say "we the people". We become one and are willing to die a little
for one another.
Now you can understand that the Founding
Fathers of America were smarter than most of my contemporary peoples
who see economic first and never thought of the wars of contention
later.
At least that is what the American Founding Fathers
have shown to all the world that any serious people living in a contiguous or
abutting lands can become ONE PEOPLE and protect
themselves.
To the Africans in America nothing has
been done since 1962 when I landed here in America. Nothing has changed. In
fact a lot of things have gone bad for us.
The problem is since my arrival here in America, the
Egypt led Pharaohs of the modern world, the white Americans; the Africans
in America have not done anything to exhibit our presence
or our Africanity.
All humans are entitles to freedom. That is the
legacy of our ancestral struggles --against the world and against each
other. Individuation is a common adolescent trait of all people, and
nations. All humans are free born and entitles to the liberties,
thereof. Advocation to the contrary is
pernicious.
My problem with this "All human are entitled to
freedom". This is more accurate if the society in which the individual resides
is equally handled by the citizens of the country.
Unfortunately, this is no so in America and
we as Africans have been fooled into believe in freedom of citizens when the
least mistake made by an African in America can end her/his freedom.
Do you really believe that after 1963, our
ancestors and their posterity were freed? I DOUBT it. Read even our
recent history. We are gradually making some gains in our freedoms but we
are not quiet there yet.
All humans and nations have the right of
self-determination. That, too, is a legacy of successful struggles in
our past. That is why abolitionists abolished slavery.
We seem to know too much. Can a human being exert
self-determination?. I doubt it. But nations can. I can see clearly that we
really do not grasp what is going on and what has gone on among us.
Do you think the abolitionists abolished slavery or
our President Abraham Lincoln abolished it? Don't you believe that one of
the causes of the Civil War was slavery?. The southern states want it. They
still do.
Even as late as this very year 2015, the Confederate
flag was contested in courts and legislatures around the country. How then can
individuals abolish slavery.
Without the federal and some of the state governments,
Africans will still be in direct slavery of
chains on our legs and necks.
That is why movements disestablished colonialism.
Can you cite one movement that was organized to
disestablished colonialism? Are you for real. Can slaves ever organize a social
movements? We are more reactive and not proactive. A disorganized people such as
Africans can never form a movement. Only a free people can form a movement. We
are slaves how do we form a movements
That is why Africans and the World fought to destroy Nazism and
fascism.
No doubt, the Tuskgee Airmen attest to the fact that
Africans fought in the WWII. Continental Africans including my uncle fought in
India and North Africa.
But they were used as slaves including the Tuskegee
Airmen were all slaves. What happened after the war and is still happening
attest to the fact that we are still slaves.
Our participation in these struggles entitles us to the blessings,
benefits, privileges, and hereditaments
thereof.
Are you sure that our participation in the WWII
entitled us to what? Are you sure. Why are we so easily misdirected and
deceived. Let us accept our status and work hard to improve our status for
nothing comes freely in free economy. We have done nothing since the days of
Marcus Garvey.
And that movement is called democracy. If we volunteer to submit
to tyranny, that one thing. Regrettable, but that would be a
choice. If we chafe at tyranny, then that is another; and more
appropriate.
Yes democracy exist in our beloved country. That is
the only benefit. Whatever the Europeans want to do will be and can be done to
take our freedom from us.
We exist in America as captive and consumable
individuals not even group since we have no organized front like the Jews or
Latinos to mention just two.
And the yoke of ignorance is one such tyranny we should never adjust
ourselves to accept. And tutored ignorance is even
worse!
We are ignorant of almost all our civil rights
including the right to vote. It was only Dr. King single handedly tutored us on
vote. Now we have fallen back to pre King and we do not vote at all. The
only right that we can exercise with some interference from the
south.
The
World created the United Nations to guarantee these freedoms and the exercise
by one and all of the franchise.
Our country, the victor of the WWII created the UNO.
We pay almost 1/3 of the cost of operating the UN. The five permanent security
council is the creation of our country. All the financial Institution of the
World: The International Monetary Fund, The World Bank and its affiliates were
all create by USA.
The World is
being governed by the Atlantic Charter which sets forth the philosophy and
ideology of these laws. And there are the freedoms, which form the
foundation of modern government as a platform for
modernization.
I agree with you.p[
The
Four Freedoms of the Atlantic Charter (the Atlantic Council is the
civilian part of NATO, the military arm of Europe. I had a white friend, Bill
Dickey who belong to the Atlantic Council and 15 other non profits. Dues
ranged fromo $250.00 to 2,500.00 a year. How many non profits do you belong?
) and the United Nations declare:
I. Freedom from want.
II.
Freedom from fear.
III. Freedom
of speech.
IV. Freedom of
religio
All nations of the
Earth are signatories to the Atlantic Charter and the guiding principles of
the United Nations. That is the meaning and responsibility of membership
in the United Nations. Any nation not observing both the spirit and the
letter of the Charter stand in default. And the citizens of such nations
stand within their rights to improve that government by purging the governors
and administrators who perpetuate the abridgment of their rights and
freedoms. Tyranny is not an option. Enduring tyranny is a failure
of good judgment.
Well said but there are leaders in East and West
Africa that have no respect for the pronouncements.
Nigeria
is plagued by several defaults and shortcomings in this regard. Killing
ones neighbors for being specious in their identity, in their faith, in their
politics, in their integrity signals deep seated delinquency in spirit and
custom. In Nigeria, the World beholds disorderly governance; weak public
safety; low human character; suppression of dissent; police and military
arrogation of superiority over common citizens rather than service and
protection; roaming gangs; and social
intolerance.
Nigeria is a surrogate of Great Britain. For
example: Omari Diko stole 2 billion pounds and escaped to London. Nigeria
security through Israeli Security arrested Omari Diko. Put him in a coffin and
tried to ship it by plane. The Scotland Yard, the
British Intelligence intercepted the coffin and free Omari Diko. Ten
years later, Omari Diko returned to Nigeria and he received the red carpet at
the airport. Now you know who controls Nigeria and
Ghana.
There are many good people in Nigeria, hopefully a full
sixty-eight percent on the normal curve of human development. But
Nigeria, itself, is a basket case of human woes. For Africa, this is
serious. For African peoples, be they Continentals, or Disaporans, this
is serious. The population of Nigeria is approximately ten-percent of
all Africans, Blacks, and Afro-descended communities on Earth. That is
serious. Ten-percent is a major statistic, when three-percent is the
threshold. We are facing the statistical prospect that what is wrong
with Nigeria is also wrong with us; with Africa. This is especially so
for the Caribbean and North Americans where the core ancestral population of
Afro-Americans derive their ethnicity from Nigerians, Igbos, Yorubas, and
Igala.
Very true statement.
Now! There is an intellectual answer. History shows
that. Nigeria is the homeland of the Nok, Benin, and Oyo cultures.
We can do this. We, Africans, are the heirs to Ancient Egypt, Ancient
Nubia, Zimbabwe, the Manicongo, Ghana, Songhai, Mali, Prester John, and Marcus
Garvey. We can do this.
Very serious truthful statement.
Archaeology shows that Nigeria as a territory has been
occupied for more than 12,000 years, with firm carbon dates. We must
know something! So what are those johnny-come lately folk from
Eurasia? So why are we behaving this way? Like brats? We
have a legacy to protect and perpetuate. We are the guardians of ancient
knowledge and lore. So what's with all this foolishness and
atomization?
Very true statement.
This brings us to the Igbo and their Biafra
Movement. As an intellectual exercise, this is brilliant. As
political science, it is inane. Ethnicity, self-determinism, and
heredity are at issue, not tribes and tribulations. The Igbo concerns
are legitimate as a people awash in a foundering ship of state. Some say
it was never properly constructed in the first place and should never have
been sent to sea, being unseaworthy. Well, it may be a clumsy bathtub
rather than a sleek yacht; but it is what you got; and decimation will not
make things better. To continue this naval imagery, bail water and pump
the bilge while plugging the holes. To abandon ship is to plunge into a
sea of uncharted waters infested with sharks and pirates. Secession is
wrong-headed; but cultural and social consolidation is benign and
effective. Right intentions with wrong
methodology!
Very true. Igbos are a tribal group. Nigeria is a
country. In modern times a country is more acceptable than tribes. On this
premises we seek the UNITED STATES OF AFRICA through AU. Currency is one factor
of national life that stifles development and the stronger the government the
better the currency.
Many years ago, I attended a seminar in the Metropolitan
area of Washington at which General Ojukwu was the principal speaker.
There is a video of the proceedings and it has been edited to remove the riot
that broke out in the assembly. The Maryland State troopers were called
in to restore academic order. My host and escort was from Ekiti.
"Wretched," he exclaimed. "These people are wretched!" He later took a
photograph posing with the General.
THERE IS A VICIOUS ANIMOSITY AMONG OUR TRIBES
####
African leaders know that the reason why the United States of America is
rich and powerful is because the states have given the American government their
sovereign powers for the benefit of all Americans.
The above statement is the reason why SADA: www.sada54.org
and www.sadainc.org has adopted the American
system of governance. Read "We the People" in the Preamble of the American
constitution:
African leaders whether through ignorance of sheer disregard for the
truth have refused to see the Americans in the eyes and the African leaders
continue to think that God has blessed the Americans. Ignorance is a bliss. They
are ignorant of the "We the people" in the preamble of the American constitution
means a whole lot. Your story above proves the point that most of my
contemporary continental and Diaspora Africans are ignorant for we refuse even
to form social organizations through the enabling laws of the states and federal
governments.
NDM INFORMATION
RELEASE
==============================
============================== ===============
ANENIH,
OJUKWU & CO. IN BLADENSBURG, MARYLAND
GUESTS OF LaROUCHE'S SCHILLER
INSTITUTE
Saturday, October 21, 1995
Brothers! Sisters! Brethren, All! This is not way to
run or form a nation; to operate a corporation; to govern a society; nor to
campaign for law, order, and unification. How can the Diaspora join with
Africa, it there is no Africa to join with?
What do you mean this is not the way to run or form a nation? Did any
African form a nation? Not even Kwame Nkrumah formed a Ghana. It was the Berlin
Conference of 1844-45 that brought about the nation states in Africa by
balkanizing the continent. To operate a nation. How? Independence was given to a
people who have been made animals according to history and sold in the market.
Without training nor education, independence came to us. What do we do? Except
to make a mess of ourselves. In fact considering the fact that there were no
even secondary schools in Africa, the leaders tried with the people they had to
manage the economy and run the state. It was during this stage that the African
Americans should have been bold to grasp the African countries; but they also
even now have been turned into a different Africans as this writer demonstrates
very well.
Many here are
pro-Africa in the abstract; but refrain from commitment because of these
reported conditions. There is a polite social comment here among
advocates of cultural nationalism, "They're good folks and all, but..."
and here follows a long list of particulars, the beginnings of a litany of
complaints.
It is like a dream for Africans in America to think of the
continental leaders as capable when most of them have literally no education in
the Western Administration of a nation. How do we administer a nation like Ghana
in 1957 and Congo in 1960 for the leaders to run a government?
Even with all the land grant university to Africans in
America, I came here to be the chief accountant of the OIC only to find that
only ministers of gospel ran the organization consequently, OIC fell. I yet have
to see any African who is aspired to make a dent in Africa or in America. The
continental leaders have tried their best despite the manipulations of the
Europeans to steal almost everything from Africa
Why should we repatriate and give up the comforts and
securities of American citizenship for that kind of uncertainty?
Why should the Africans in America run into the mess
in Africa, except but for African nationalism which has been stolen away from us
by Europeans in indirect way by heaping all kinds of dirt on Africa. Staying in
America one gets to know that nothing happens in Africa. But that is false. If
you really want to enjoy this world, go to Africa and you may never
return.
We can do bad on our
own. Why should we abandon constitutional strict constructionalism for
hanky-panky?
Our societies in America are as messy if not worst
than those in Africa. Generally speaking, lack of amenities in Africa and the
fact that Africa has been freed since 1957, makes it hard for proper
administration. Take Ghana for example, the socialists and communists undermined
Nkrumah more than the capitalists. The constitution left by Britain was replaced
by communist and socialist constitution.
It took Rawlings to bring back the British approach to
governance otherwise Ghana would have been left as the few communist country in
the world. It was not Nkrumah's fault, it was the soviet union which
presented shady plan to the otherwise a wise leader.
Why should we give up
orderly though sometimes contentious change of electoral government for
personal rulership and dynastic
despotism?
You are right. Why should any sane person run into socialist
and communist country where the state has the right to detain and imprison
without the due process of the law?
Also there are questions and observations like Why are
there so many of them here? Why don't they return
home"
I was home from 1977 to 1987 and God only knows I was
almost killed because of ignorance of our leaders and military men. Why should
we go home to get killed by idiots who know nothing of administration but scoop
money left and right with decrees? Now that constitutional governments under
political parties are being installed in most countries, lots of students are
returning home.
Why should we rush
into a land and situation when so many of them are running to get out to
anywhere but there?
Africans in America are not rushing to Africa, and the
few that go there come back crying of hostile environment. General mosquito and
hot summer are few but on the whole, there is no place than living in the
tropics; all been equal.
There must be
something profoundly wrong in Africa if its people are willing to risk life,
limb, and treasure to escape that reality? There must be something very
very wrong if they would rather sleep on the streets of American rather than
to go back?
Yes, there are many things wrong in Africa. Can you
imagine Africans in America running the USA 50 years after 1863? Even now most
Africans in America are in the south where they are treated liken animals had
Dr. King not come in with the civil right movements. To me life in Africa and
the conditions in Africa are almost the same if not better than the conditions
of our people in America where without government subsidy, Africans would die
from hunger and deprivations.
For the masses of our people, these are hints to what they
see and think. They would like to help. Truly.
The masses of our people do not have much to say or do
except for the so called leaders like you. You are to take the initial
step for the masses to see and you have refused even me when I came to you with
SADA. The masses just follow what is told. But the so called leaders must be
honest and sincere. I see sincerity lacking in most of the so called leaders in
America. Few leaders of our people in America are willing to help even when they
can. The evidence is every where and for that it is a shame that there is no
social organization to mobilize the masses of our people in America. It really
hurts to notice so much scholars and businessmen and women who can organize our
people for social actions but have refused to do it
blatanlly.
We do see Africa as
our ancestral homeland despoiled by invaders from Europe and Asia. We
accept Africans as our kinsmen; but these behaviors give pause to the impulses
to embrace the continent. Why, some ask, should we give them monies
which will be stolen or stashed in Switzerland or some other such
place?
Honestly, the continental Africans have no knowledge
of the existence of Africans in America. Since 1962 when I landed, I have
encountered so many Negroes who do not even know that they came from Africa.
Lack of education is the cause but can you imagine that despite all the
institutions like Howard University and many hundreds of them in the country
with scholars teaching thousands of African children and the children come out
of school with little or no knowledge of their roots? The Jews and the Latinos
have institutions helping their people, where is the African America social
organizations mobilizing our people even in 2015. None. Not NAACP or the Urban
League for both do not cater to our interests as Africans. Their
African ethnicity was completely destroyed by chattel slave trade
which make Africans animals. Hence the only time we come together as a
people is when one of us is killed by a white police officer. But no so when one
of us is killed in our communities by one of us. This was true in slavery days
and it is true now. We are never proactive but
reactive.
At a recent seminar on the Central African Republic and
its prevailing conditions, a panelist mentioned that in a conversation with
executives in that country, one replied to the question on development by
saying, "Development? That's not our responsibility. That's for you
guys; for NGOs and donor
nations."
The Negro from Africa's statement is correct because
the Europeans have made continental Africans to feel that we are part of
Europe and that they will develop Africa when that is a lie for any observant
for if 500 years of occupation, slavery ,colonialism, imperialism and
neocolonialism, the Europeans never built a single elementary school until
Nkrumah came on the scene. What a shame. Of course, in America, education
of the Africans were prohibited by law and it took Frederick Douglass to usher
in the demolishing of slavery to enable Africans gradually to get some
modicum of education; first under separate but
equal doctrine
St another set of seminars, one of Capitol Hill with
Rep. Karen Bass; and the other at the Woodrow Wilson Center, the discussions
were about African emigration into Europe. The Ambassador for the EU and
a spokesman for Germany expressed the same common view: Eighty-percent of immigrants
admitted to Europe will not be Africans. So to lessen the suffering of the
African nations, they, the USA and EU, were prepared to fund programs that
would stem the tide of this futile migration urge by improving conditions in
Africa to redress the needs of these refugees. A few weeks later, at
Valletta in Malta, the donor nations offered two billion Euros to the AU to
support an initiative and effort to reverse the labor flow and brain drain out
of Africa. The African Union rejected the
proposal.
Africa is dependent on Europeans and this dependency
will continue for a very long, long time.
Yet, at the African Global Diaspora Summit/Conference/Convention [the name
kept changing], the African Union officials encouraged the delegates to invest
in Africa and participate in its development. What Africa? What
developments?
Africa is changing so rapidly that in few years time
real change may take place when AU changes into a political union. Seek ye first
a political Union and all things will be added unto you. Africa has started the
political union. The Founding Fathers of America have shown the way to
development that contiguous nations once united will
prospoer.
There are those, however, who keep the faith; and there
are those who see a can of worms.
Now, to
return to Biafra for the close. The Igbo are within their rights to seek
redress of their grievances, to organize themselves for self-governance,
development, and improvement without regard for their neighbors. The
have the right, if not the obligation to pull back from the brink overlook
chaos. We/they are not lemmings, committed to mass suicide merely to
follow a negative fashion. However, they are slightly askew in their
position by advocating or threatening secession. Nigerian needs clear
minds and calm hearts. If they be as mental as they are touted to be,
they can do that. Following South Sudan for a mere show is futile.
Remember their Ojukwu period. Their new Biafra would be a miniature
country {of which Africa has too many]. Decimating ourselves is
self-destruction; especially in the campaign to unify the continent. The
Central African Republic is another study in point. In this wise, the
Igbo are being wrongly guided toward chaos, in the name of glories and
honor. The right path is the orthodox
path.
In modern times, it does not make sense to talk of small
tribes becoming states capable of governing themselves. The cost of money,
what you call interest rate is the killer of most countries. Countries like
Spain, Portugal are examples of failed states which were propped by Adam Smith
economics of raping other people and building their countries. Even though now
they are still raping Africa, we are becoming wiser. If we unite, then sky is
the limit for economic development. Igbos will suffer if they form a
government for it takes more to form a government than sentiments of
lost war.
Organize Biafra as an
intellectual and hereditary society in a parochial system. [Imperium imperio: Follow the Sons and Daughters of the
American Revolution; or the Sons and Daughters of the
American Confederacy for studies in "state within a state"
relations.] In
this way, the Igbo could/would become a light unto the nations, which Africa
badly needs. African needs models of success leading to continental
unity. Because of the complexity of Africa and its particulars, finding
a mode of cooperation providing diversity within unity and unity within
diversity is more than a conundrum. It's the Gordian Knot of our
destiny. If the AU is to succeed and if the Diaspora is to join in the
campaign for the unification of the continent, what a splendid achievement if
the Igbo can emerge to show the
way.
Even if the Igbos succeed in building a nation, they will crash
in the long run. It is so because smaller nations have no future. It is only
organized people that have a future. AU is the way out but Africans in America
instead of backing up AU a our government are waiting for Africa to develop
first. Human nature being what we are, it may be too late. This is the time for
Africans in America to show our Africanity but people like you with
knowledge are waiting until the tiger is out of the bag and
then it is too late. Why not join SADA?
We need an organization in America to pull both sides of our people
together. You are showing a very negative part of life called "Aboro" in Twi
among the Akan people of Ghana. You are refusing to help
our poor peoples and countries because you do not stand to gain now so
you want the white to build our communities. I do not think the whites are
ready yet to help us. We must pull all our energies given to
us by God to form an organization like B' Nai Brith or LARAZA to help
our people. Nothing else.
Kofi Agyapong
SADA
END###
ADDENDA
1. 
3. Before
British colonial rule,
the Igbo were a politically fragmented group. There were variations in culture
such as in art styles, attire and religious practices. Various subgroups were
organized by clan, lineage, village affiliation, and dialect. There were not many centralized
chiefdoms,
hereditary aristocracy, or kingship customs except in kingdoms such as those
of the Nri, Arochukwu,
Agbor and
Onitsha
4.By the mid-20th century, the Igbo people developed a strong sense of
ethnic identity. MASSOB, a
sectarian organization formed in 1999, continues a non-violent struggle for an
independent Igbo state
Traditional
society
Traditional Igbo political organization was based on a quasi-democratic
republican
system of government. In tight knit communities, this system guaranteed its
citizens equality, as opposed to a feudalist system with a king ruling over
subjects.[38] This
government system was witnessed by the Portuguese who
first arrived and met with the Igbo people in the 15th century.[39] With the
exception of a few notable Igbo towns such as Onitsha, which
had kings called Obi, and
places like the Nri Kingdom
and Arochukwu,
which had priest kings;
Igbo communities and area governments were overwhelmingly ruled solely by a
republican consultative assembly of the common people.[38]
Communities were usually governed and administered by a council of elders.[40]
6.
Mathematics in
indigenous Igbo society is evident in their calendar, banking system and
strategic betting game called Okwe.[45] In their
indigenous calendar, a
week had four days, a month consisted of seven weeks and 13 months made a
year. In the last month, an extra day was added.[46][47] This
calendar is still used in indigenous Igbo villages and towns to determine
market days.[48] They
settled law matters via mediators, and
their banking system for loans and savings, called Isusu, is also still
used.[49] The Igbo
new year, starting with the month Ọ́nwạ́ M̀bụ́ (Igbo: First Moon)
occurs on the third week of February,[50] although
the traditional start of the year for many Igbo communities is around
springtime in Ọ́nwạ́
Ágwụ́ (June).[51][52] Used as a
ceremonial script by secret societies, the Igbo have an indigenous ideographic
set of symbols called Nsibidi,
originating from the neighboring Ejagham
people.[53] Igbo
people produced bronzes from
as early as the 9th century, some of which have been found at the town of
Igbo Ukwu, Anambra state.[25]
7.
The transatlantic trade, which took place between the 16th and late
19th centuries, had huge effects on the Igbo because so many young people were
taken, and warfare increased for the taking of captives. Most Igbo captives
were taken from the Bight of Biafra (also known as the Bight of Bonny).[63] This area
included modern day southeastern Nigeria, Western Cameroon,
Equatorial Guinea and parts of Northern Gabon.[64] Major
trade ports for goods and labor in the area included Bonny and
Calabar Town.
A large number of these captives from the Bight of Biafra would have been
Igbo.[65][66]
They were sold to Europeans by the Aro Confederacy, who kidnapped or bought these Africans from Igbo villages in the
hinterland.[67]
These Igbo were known to the British as being rebellious and having a high
rate of suicide to
escape captivity.[69][70][71] For still
unknown reasons, there is evidence that traders sought Igbo
women
The Igbo were
affected heavily by the Atlantic slave
trade in the 18th century. Igbo slaves were known for
being rebellious and having a high count of suicide in defiance of
slavery.[1][2][3] In the
United States
the Igbo were most numerous in the states of Maryland
(coincidentally where there is a predominant population of recent Igbo
immigrants)[4] and
Virginia,[5] so much
so that some historians have denominated colonial Virginia as “Igbo land.”[6]
With a total of 37,000 Africans that arrived in Virginia from Calabar in the
18th century, 30,000 were Igbo according to Douglas B. Chambers.[5] The
Frontier
Culture Museum of Virginia estimates around 38% of
captives taken to Virginia were from the Bight of Biafra.[7] Igbo
peoples constituted the majority of enslaved Africans in Maryland.[5] Chambers
has been quoted saying "My research suggests that perhaps 60 percent of
black Americans have at least one Igbo ancestor..."[8]
9. The high concentration of Igbo slaves in Virginia was contributed to
further by neighboring states. Planters in South Carolina
and Georgia looked down on Igbo slaves because many were rebellious. Because of
this the majority of Igbo slaves were taken and sold to Virginian
planters.
Virginia was the colony that took in the largest percentage of Igbo
slaves. Researchers such as David Eltis estimate between 30—45% of the
'imported' slaves were from the Bight of Biafra, of these slaves 80% were
likely Igbo. A so-called conservative estimate of the amount of Igbo taken
into Virginia between 1698 and 1778 is placed at 25,000. The Igbo
concentration was especially high in the Tidewater and Piedmont regions of the Virginia interior.[9] One of
the reasons for this high number of Igbo slaves in Virginia was the domination
of the Bight of Biafra region of Africa by Bristol and
Liverpool
English merchants who frequently brought Bight of Biafra slaves to British
colonies, Virginia being one of these colonies.###
So many Africans were stolen to the Western world that it is
beyond my imagination to consider the number. When I was coming to the USA in
10962, I came by a boat. In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean we ran into a
school of fishes which I later found from the captain that those were sharks
which had tested the flesh of human beings and they were there about 10 miles
square waiting for ships to dump Africans in the waters so that they sharks can
eat the flesh of the Africans.
There is no doubt in my mind that the author of this article
John, an African American is an Igbo. He looks like one and talks like one.
But the many people taken from West Africa, there can be
more people from Ghana than at any other place. There were more than 60
castles built to process the Africans. The castles start from the North of Ghana
through the center of Ghana, the Asantes and to the South. No wonder the
population of Ghana was only 5 million at the time of independence and now 60
years later it is now 25 million. Can you calculate the population of Ghana at
the end of slavery and before slavery and during =slavery.
Kofi Agyapong
SADA
--
###jwj
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In a message dated 1/8/2016 8:10:09 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
Vincent...@msn.com writes:
And who is cursing someone here? Definitely not Vin Cool Breeze
Otuonye.
Sent from my T-Mobile 4G LTE
Device
-------- Original message --------
From: 'Ayo Ojutalayo'
via AfricanWorldForum <africanw...@googlegroups.com>
Date:01/07/2016 6:56 PM (GMT-05:00)
To:
africanw...@googlegroups.com, "Google Inc."
<okonkwo...@googlegroups.com>
Cc:
NIgerianW...@yahoogroups.com, Truth as my weapon
<igbowor...@yahoogroups.com>, "IgboE...@yahoogroups.com"
<igboe...@yahoogroups.com>, niger...@yahoogroups.com,
lower-nige...@googlegroups.com, Bring Your Baseball Bat
<naijao...@yahoogroups.com>, Politics Naija
<naijap...@yahoogroups.com>, Ra'ayi Riga
<raay...@yahoogroups.com>, "Yahoo! Inc."
<yana...@yahoogroups.com>, Omo Oodua <omo...@yahoogroups.com>
Subject: [africanworldforum] Ezeana: Re: Who killed Adaka Boro
Ezeana,
And you are a compound
fool.
Ayo
Ojutalayo
“The ultimate measure of a man is not
where he
stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of
challenge and controversy. ” . . . Martin Luther King
Jr
Subject: Re:
[africanworldforum] Re: Who killed Adaka Boro