Tribal Entrepreneurship
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smsar...@yahoo.com
Jan 5, 2014, 10:55:06 AM1/5/14
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Tribal are existed in varies small ethnic groups since long despite it forms 9 percent population of India. Some are trailing for survival and some on the verge of extinct. Their weakness lies in their social exclusion due to geographical seclusion , distinct life style, poor food habits, special dialect, tradition and custom have made them different from the main stream of society. Till yesterday, they were dependent on miner forest produce, fishing, hunting and honey collection for their source of livelihood. To some extent they were engaged in shifting cultivation and used to harvest grain, cereals, pulses etc. Thus, today also they are subjected to subsistence economy. Their peaceful life style got interrupted by Aryan foreign culture ,advent of foreign invasion, introduction of numerous forest legislation like Indian Forest Act, 1927, The Protection of Wild Life Act, 1972, the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and various land laws. These laws pre and post independent era brought limitation on their way of life, forced them to leave their place of habitation, given up their traditional livelihood pursuit, mutilated their cultural fabric and thus they came into contact with so called civilized society by taking recourse to savage deeds.. Their assimilation with main stream society made them not only dependent for their daily bread but also for cultural ethos. The nature lover tribal now compelled to embrace laballed religion like Hinduis, muslim, Buddhism, Christianity etc and thus they started to loose their cultural identity. The erstwhile nature worshiper tribal turned idol worshiper giving up worshiping totem. The free tribal life style turned into bonded labor in mine, on farm and now a days on construction site. Still their habitation remained in the lap of nature. However, for source of livelihood he became dependent on the land lord, mine mafia, builder, orchard owner etc. His seasonal cultivation for the period of three months of a year forced him to leave his hamlet for in search of daily bread keeping children and better half behind at home and toiled for months together to bring them up. Some time he moved along with children and wife leaving old parent behind at home completely at nobody's mercy. Thus he strives to keep body and soul together. This has endangered his life style. He felt short of assured nutritious food which he used to get from forest in the form of flesh by hunting, fishing, by collection of wild fruits and vegetables etc , resulted in his malnaurishment followed by death of his children. Still the tribal are subjected by this vicious circle. This resulted in high mortality rate of infant and mother . Tribal's children began to go to school due to introduction of elementary school education by Govt despite he faced inhibition with foreign medium of instruction. His dialect not being recognized as medium of instruction in the school made him handicapped from linguistic point of view. The schooling of the tribal children endangered owing to the seasonal migration of tribal parent for in search of livelihood. Forceful migration from hamlet made their life wretched and miserable subjected to various vagaries of malady due to lack of basic amenities. Thus his whole life rotated around the source of livelihood into perpetual uncertainty.
During the post independence era tribal are taken care of by enacting various welfare legislation on the floor of Indian parliament and state legislature pursuant to the provision of Indian constitution. The Govt has now a days went to the extent of carving out independent tribal welfare Dept with allocation of separate budgetary provision with liberty to make expenditure on the desired priority sectors. Still tribal's economy has not gone beyond the hand to mouth level despite various welfare scheme introduced by Govt when the whole nation has been on galloping speed of vibrant economic development with recording of staggering GDP and dreaming of becoming one of the leading world economic powers, demonstrating rupees one lakh twenty five thousand per capita income when tribal region stuck to the abysmal low of rupees forty six thousand and around. Building of road, railway, airport, dock and all such infrastructure, electricity generation has given boost to the industrial production and thus richer become rich. Tribal, all the time remained source of cheap labor to toil in the flourishing industries, high tech agriculture farm, extracting mineral site. The land being the lone assured source of income grabbed by land mafia on large scale, rendered tribal impoverished despite land reform laws intervened. Naïve tribal subjected to the atrocities when attempted to resist, discouraged him to lodge police case and denied to record it if attempted to do so. He left the usual place of habitation due to security constraint and thus tribal diaspora taken place. Tribal in small ethnic group embraced prevalent faith, assimilated within dominant cultural stream and thus lost its own identity.
The tribal, all the time haunted by threat perception remained soft target for all kinds of exploitation made him cowardice, marginal in thinking, lacked in receptivity, left him devoid of any ambition so that he may not at all flourish in entrepreneurship. Govt boasted for introducing host of welfare schemes but due to lack of receptivity the benefit of schemes are not being reaped by tribal. He is blamed for that without going to the root cause. As to sectoral development, there seems ostentatious impact but individual benefit. Tribal are not properly trained in cooperative and self help group movement despite the world still relies on and resort to for common development. Therefore, tribal, all the time toiled alone and remained marginal, poor and soft target for exploitation. Bank never spontaneously come forward and encouraged tribal for securing credit for setting up micro, small and medium enterprises despite prevalent Govt policy and ambitious scheme of credit plan with nine percent constitutional reservation for tribal. The shy tribal never frequented bank for securing loan and latter also never relied on him for repayment and thus declined to advance loan to willing tribal on the excuse of in viable project. This banker's negative attitude pushed tribal into financial exclusion. The so called enterprises started by exemplary tribal are generally gone failure for want of forward- backward linkages, necessary hand holding, incentives, reservation expected to be given by state given the MSSIDC, MIDC industrial policy, textile policy etc. Thus, the tribal are always deprived of his legitimate loaf of bread when he witnessed the all round prosperity of others around him. He, with loss of hope turns pessimist. His economic weakness make him politically unaware, pragmatically gullible and thus vulnerable to the worst of the worse situation.
As to the banking and credit policy, the tribal are treated as untouchable. Till date , all tribal are not with opened bank accounts despite there is clarion call for financial inclusion. No bank finance barring few to the extent of crop loan is accessible to him, resulted in to approach private money lender, drowned him deep in the indebtedness. The bankers in the concerned Dist are supposed to advance loan as per annual credit plan prepared by Dist collector with assistance of lead banker of the Dist concerned and accordingly agriculture, non agriculture and industrial sectors are to be financed with ensuring SC/ST
reservation but it is not followed and naïve tribal representative never questioned this negative attitude of banker and district executive left bad impact on the economic development of the tribal. Thus tribal are deprived of accrual benefit of various policies say, industrial , textile , cluster development scheme of MSME and host of such policies.
There are humongous of welfare schemes meant to benefit the tribal from state and central Govt. However, for want of proper convergence the grant of targeted benefit does not leave desirable impact. For example, the beneficiary of land allottee is not considered for grant of irrigation well, electric motor pump, irrigation pipe as a cluster but distributed in isolation. The tribal being small and marginal land holder benefited by one of the schemes in cluster is not in a position to supplement on his own and ultimately it results in total failure gives him impetus to dispose off the scheme proceeds and state is blamed for that.
As to start up of any production, process or marketing activity, tribal are blamed as incompatible, lacking in enterprise, resoluteness and desired skill, instead of giving full hearted support, hand holding, encouragement, reservation, linkages backward and forward etc. Under such circumstance, missing linkages and not tribal is responsible for going failure of any enterprises he ventured. The tribal, going desperate, give up the ventured project, go bankrupt and completely gets trapped into the snare of indebtedness.
Constitutional provision of reservation in employment and politics has mesmerized the tribal during these post independent days. Neo elite tribal
taken plunge into the politics, represented in the parliament and state legislature and general tribal masses accepted it as ideal way of life, ignoring the availability of meager opportunities, just impossibility for many. Reservation in employment mobilized him to get educated, to some extent secured employment in the lower rung position, ignoring minimal opportunities there, engaged in war of attrition for non inclusion of psudo tribal in the schedule list pragmatically intended to do so by shrewd elements with skewed mind, compromising with vested interest against constitutional scheme of reservation for real tribal groups. The tribal are deliberately streamlined to think so and thus major segment of indian population is kept aloof from main stream active participation is loss to the nation.
Tribal are closely associated with forest and land and so engaged now a days with agricultural activities. Therefore, they needs to be trained in this sector only on priority basis so as to leave the remarkable impact. Poor farming pursued by them is quite amenable to be improved keeping abreast with hi tech agriculture practices with introduction of playhouse, shed net for high protein vegetable, floriculture. With rendering financial assistance and forward backward linkages wherever necessary. Accordingly, he is need of necessary exposure with arrangement of some visit domestic and foreign. So it should have been done with high yielding variety grain, pulses and cereals, oil seeds etc. Forest Right Act, 2006 enacted by Indian parliament with a view to undo historical injustice made with tribal has opened new vista before tribal to appropriate the benefit of miner forest produce. Based on this, the new avenues of host of opportunities are quite visible given the post recognition forest right hand holding. Forest is treasure trove of naturally grown medicinal properties naturally sprouted,grown silvicultured and clandestinely passed by market baron and traders on collection through tribal for sneaking into international market is loss to Govt revenue in addition to the real loss of tribal capable of making him owner. Intervention by making tribal empowerment, giving sufficient hand holding, formulating conducive policy is a must to appropriate the benefit of miner forest produce. Same is the case with bamboo,tendu leaves, mahua flower, gum etc.
The next priority sector close to the tribal is animal husbandry, poultry, diary, fishery, sericulture and other such allied agriculture pursuits. This has tremendous scope in the rampant mushrooming urbanization growth. Traditionally, tribal is closely associated with these activities. He could be conveniently molded, provided he receives necessary hand holding to rise up from the traditional to high tech pursuit. Tribal, now a days are victim of malnaurishment. It could be wiped out given that line Depts of the state work on mission mode and with full dedication giving fillip into the existing developed fissure in the system, engagement of capable consultant for empowerment until end product comes out.
Textile is the next sector which could be identified and correlated with tribal's fortune making. Tribal may be engaged in right from ginning to garment making industries since the cotton is produced in tribal belt. Why national textile ministry schemes and programs, state textile policy is not proving magnet for attracting tribal towards this sector is thing of worry, may be due to policy fissure existing therein, needs necessary fillip. Cooperative and self help group movement has not been imbibed on tribal when whole world has immense faith.
All the time tribal has recorded encouraging fifty percent worker's participation, seems to have engaged in nation building, but, in the context of menial, cheap labor only, needs to be done justice by making various policy interventions taking his shyness into consideration. Otherwise, one day the simmering unrest amongst tribal is likely to burst , at no cost should happen to keep this nation integrated with rock like solidarity.
S M Sarkunde
Commissioner Tribal Development
Maharshtra State, Nashik
During the post independence era tribal are taken care of by enacting various welfare legislation on the floor of Indian parliament and state legislature pursuant to the provision of Indian constitution. The Govt has now a days went to the extent of carving out independent tribal welfare Dept with allocation of separate budgetary provision with liberty to make expenditure on the desired priority sectors. Still tribal's economy has not gone beyond the hand to mouth level despite various welfare scheme introduced by Govt when the whole nation has been on galloping speed of vibrant economic development with recording of staggering GDP and dreaming of becoming one of the leading world economic powers, demonstrating rupees one lakh twenty five thousand per capita income when tribal region stuck to the abysmal low of rupees forty six thousand and around. Building of road, railway, airport, dock and all such infrastructure, electricity generation has given boost to the industrial production and thus richer become rich. Tribal, all the time remained source of cheap labor to toil in the flourishing industries, high tech agriculture farm, extracting mineral site. The land being the lone assured source of income grabbed by land mafia on large scale, rendered tribal impoverished despite land reform laws intervened. Naïve tribal subjected to the atrocities when attempted to resist, discouraged him to lodge police case and denied to record it if attempted to do so. He left the usual place of habitation due to security constraint and thus tribal diaspora taken place. Tribal in small ethnic group embraced prevalent faith, assimilated within dominant cultural stream and thus lost its own identity.
The tribal, all the time haunted by threat perception remained soft target for all kinds of exploitation made him cowardice, marginal in thinking, lacked in receptivity, left him devoid of any ambition so that he may not at all flourish in entrepreneurship. Govt boasted for introducing host of welfare schemes but due to lack of receptivity the benefit of schemes are not being reaped by tribal. He is blamed for that without going to the root cause. As to sectoral development, there seems ostentatious impact but individual benefit. Tribal are not properly trained in cooperative and self help group movement despite the world still relies on and resort to for common development. Therefore, tribal, all the time toiled alone and remained marginal, poor and soft target for exploitation. Bank never spontaneously come forward and encouraged tribal for securing credit for setting up micro, small and medium enterprises despite prevalent Govt policy and ambitious scheme of credit plan with nine percent constitutional reservation for tribal. The shy tribal never frequented bank for securing loan and latter also never relied on him for repayment and thus declined to advance loan to willing tribal on the excuse of in viable project. This banker's negative attitude pushed tribal into financial exclusion. The so called enterprises started by exemplary tribal are generally gone failure for want of forward- backward linkages, necessary hand holding, incentives, reservation expected to be given by state given the MSSIDC, MIDC industrial policy, textile policy etc. Thus, the tribal are always deprived of his legitimate loaf of bread when he witnessed the all round prosperity of others around him. He, with loss of hope turns pessimist. His economic weakness make him politically unaware, pragmatically gullible and thus vulnerable to the worst of the worse situation.
As to the banking and credit policy, the tribal are treated as untouchable. Till date , all tribal are not with opened bank accounts despite there is clarion call for financial inclusion. No bank finance barring few to the extent of crop loan is accessible to him, resulted in to approach private money lender, drowned him deep in the indebtedness. The bankers in the concerned Dist are supposed to advance loan as per annual credit plan prepared by Dist collector with assistance of lead banker of the Dist concerned and accordingly agriculture, non agriculture and industrial sectors are to be financed with ensuring SC/ST
reservation but it is not followed and naïve tribal representative never questioned this negative attitude of banker and district executive left bad impact on the economic development of the tribal. Thus tribal are deprived of accrual benefit of various policies say, industrial , textile , cluster development scheme of MSME and host of such policies.
There are humongous of welfare schemes meant to benefit the tribal from state and central Govt. However, for want of proper convergence the grant of targeted benefit does not leave desirable impact. For example, the beneficiary of land allottee is not considered for grant of irrigation well, electric motor pump, irrigation pipe as a cluster but distributed in isolation. The tribal being small and marginal land holder benefited by one of the schemes in cluster is not in a position to supplement on his own and ultimately it results in total failure gives him impetus to dispose off the scheme proceeds and state is blamed for that.
As to start up of any production, process or marketing activity, tribal are blamed as incompatible, lacking in enterprise, resoluteness and desired skill, instead of giving full hearted support, hand holding, encouragement, reservation, linkages backward and forward etc. Under such circumstance, missing linkages and not tribal is responsible for going failure of any enterprises he ventured. The tribal, going desperate, give up the ventured project, go bankrupt and completely gets trapped into the snare of indebtedness.
Constitutional provision of reservation in employment and politics has mesmerized the tribal during these post independent days. Neo elite tribal
taken plunge into the politics, represented in the parliament and state legislature and general tribal masses accepted it as ideal way of life, ignoring the availability of meager opportunities, just impossibility for many. Reservation in employment mobilized him to get educated, to some extent secured employment in the lower rung position, ignoring minimal opportunities there, engaged in war of attrition for non inclusion of psudo tribal in the schedule list pragmatically intended to do so by shrewd elements with skewed mind, compromising with vested interest against constitutional scheme of reservation for real tribal groups. The tribal are deliberately streamlined to think so and thus major segment of indian population is kept aloof from main stream active participation is loss to the nation.
Tribal are closely associated with forest and land and so engaged now a days with agricultural activities. Therefore, they needs to be trained in this sector only on priority basis so as to leave the remarkable impact. Poor farming pursued by them is quite amenable to be improved keeping abreast with hi tech agriculture practices with introduction of playhouse, shed net for high protein vegetable, floriculture. With rendering financial assistance and forward backward linkages wherever necessary. Accordingly, he is need of necessary exposure with arrangement of some visit domestic and foreign. So it should have been done with high yielding variety grain, pulses and cereals, oil seeds etc. Forest Right Act, 2006 enacted by Indian parliament with a view to undo historical injustice made with tribal has opened new vista before tribal to appropriate the benefit of miner forest produce. Based on this, the new avenues of host of opportunities are quite visible given the post recognition forest right hand holding. Forest is treasure trove of naturally grown medicinal properties naturally sprouted,grown silvicultured and clandestinely passed by market baron and traders on collection through tribal for sneaking into international market is loss to Govt revenue in addition to the real loss of tribal capable of making him owner. Intervention by making tribal empowerment, giving sufficient hand holding, formulating conducive policy is a must to appropriate the benefit of miner forest produce. Same is the case with bamboo,tendu leaves, mahua flower, gum etc.
The next priority sector close to the tribal is animal husbandry, poultry, diary, fishery, sericulture and other such allied agriculture pursuits. This has tremendous scope in the rampant mushrooming urbanization growth. Traditionally, tribal is closely associated with these activities. He could be conveniently molded, provided he receives necessary hand holding to rise up from the traditional to high tech pursuit. Tribal, now a days are victim of malnaurishment. It could be wiped out given that line Depts of the state work on mission mode and with full dedication giving fillip into the existing developed fissure in the system, engagement of capable consultant for empowerment until end product comes out.
Textile is the next sector which could be identified and correlated with tribal's fortune making. Tribal may be engaged in right from ginning to garment making industries since the cotton is produced in tribal belt. Why national textile ministry schemes and programs, state textile policy is not proving magnet for attracting tribal towards this sector is thing of worry, may be due to policy fissure existing therein, needs necessary fillip. Cooperative and self help group movement has not been imbibed on tribal when whole world has immense faith.
All the time tribal has recorded encouraging fifty percent worker's participation, seems to have engaged in nation building, but, in the context of menial, cheap labor only, needs to be done justice by making various policy interventions taking his shyness into consideration. Otherwise, one day the simmering unrest amongst tribal is likely to burst , at no cost should happen to keep this nation integrated with rock like solidarity.
S M Sarkunde
Commissioner Tribal Development
Maharshtra State, Nashik
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Mukti Prakash Tirkey
Jan 5, 2014, 1:24:31 PM1/5/14
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Thanks for the informative article.Please keep on sending us your views and notes on tribal issues.
Mukti Tirkey
Dalit Adivasi Duniya
Mayaur Vihar Phase-III,
Delhi-110096
Mukti Prakash Tirkey
Editor
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santosh4life
Jan 6, 2014, 4:00:45 AM1/6/14
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thank you sir for valuable information.. we want information regarding co-operative industries-service and hard product sector..kindly give us valuable information
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AYUSH | Adivasi Yuva Shakti
Jan 6, 2014, 8:48:28 AM1/6/14
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Thanks sir! for sharing valuable eye opening information.
Let us move ahead to create pool of successful tribal entrepreneurs from village level to Multinational Brand. (it is not impossible if we utilize our scattered potential/Intellectual in strategic common vision & mission for Tribal entrepreneurship ). Let us do it together!
On Sun, Jan 5, 2014 at 9:25 PM, <smsar...@yahoo.com> wrote:
Santosh Gedam
Jan 6, 2014, 4:05:37 PM1/6/14
to smsar...@yahoo.com, AYUSH google group
Hello Mr. Sarkunde sir,
It was very interesting (but not convincing) to read your views in the public domain giving us an opportunity to discuss and raise views on the core issues pointed out by you, though not so coherently, for better understanding of the masses frequenting this online platform. I shall try to contain my arguments as close to your views as possible.
In your article you are referring tribal geographical seclusion, distinct lifestyle, special dialect, and tradition & custom as sources of weakness. However, I maintain each one of these aspects is the unique feature of the tribal community & which have developed over the period of time spanning millennium. Considering their uniqueness only & to facilitate conducive atmosphere of progress & preservation, the constituent assembly comprising blue blooded & high class leaders have ratified provisions of Schedule V of the constitution which otherwise go against their conventionally held wishes. The whole essence of the Vth Schedule is to facilitate conservation of tribal culture, tradition, language, among other things. The progressive legislation like FRA 2006 & PESA would further validate the point of view expressed by me. It is a matter of great injustice for the whole of the tribal community that nowhere in India any of the provisions of the Schedule V has been made effective ever. Calling this uniqueness as weakness is based on the presumption that something is better than this uniqueness. Considering each aspect closely, you shall appreciate the process that is completely based on reasons and not on irrationality. To explain my point, I shall give you the simple example of traditional rituals involved in the tribal marriages. In a typical tribal marriage, a bride and a groom brings stems of a plant which is called Munda. This Munda is planted as a mark of holy place and representation. And after the marriage, the couple is suppose to take care of these Mundas to grow and build their new home for new family. Now, what this practice teaches us? You could easily understand environmental conservation of essential plants. Thru' these practices in Rajasthan at tribal locations you could witness unusual greenery in the arid desert. I shall give you another aspect to appreciate the goodness of tribal culture. The tribal community practices much more equality than the mainstream. The sex discrimination is less or probably does not exist. You can convince yourself by verifying the sex ratio of tribal and non-tribal areas. Like-wise, I have convinced myself that the practices in tribal communities are significantly based on reasons which are scientific. But for urban areas, as deemed mainstream by you, I do find vacuum and cultural poverty and therefore they imitate. Is this valueless mainstream culture worth imitating? The distinct lifestyle of tribal is a source of learning for the modern communities for conservation and addressing the modern day ills of the society like gender exploitation, these are the view expressed by the President of India recently in Pune.
Developed special dialect of the tribal needs to be conserved. This conservation is to be done in their lifestyle where they live in their hamlets. Sadly, I find conservation is being talked in seminars & conferences only and ends there only. So are we serious about conservation for the treasury which is age old? And the process of sanskritization goes on endlessly in the scheduled areas facilitating entry of hindu gods & Christian culture mainly.
On the failure to conduct the primary education in the local dialect, you are right in identifying the inability of the student to learn. But then this is the issue creating all hostile atmosphere for the first generation tribal to learn something. I am much more concerned about the solution. Sadly, I find no immediate remedy to probably deliberately enforced system of pseudo schooling. The Ashram School education is the CLASSIC CASE OF TOP DOWN PLANNING FAILURE. This failed model is ruined by the nepotism and complete failure of the rules enforcing agency. The rules would serve nothing in a system when the principle itself is to make mullah. I wish this collapsed education structure could be revamped promising at least this third or forth generation of tribal people post independence schooling of dignity. I strongly believe that the principles like self respect and dignity if not inculcated during childhood, it shall lead to a man who shall be no less than a slave.
In your article, you have been talking about the Tribal Development Department. Whereas, the TDD is the logical step backed by the directive principles of the constitution, I shall not take much pride in its existence as a tribal boy for its role in my life. The effectiveness of any agency is to be gauged by the degree to which it meets its intended objectives. While its objectives might talk of high standards, but at the ground level, like any other agency, the gap it too wide. For making this interaction more focused on outcomes rather than outputs. Let me ask for TDD, the concept of development is what?? for me concept of development is this.
" Development is beyond complete fulfillment of needed physical infrastructure. It is a stage when the poorest of poor comes out of the economical poverty and develops conviction after having understood the importance of the economical, political, social, and cultural activities happening around him and subsequently possesses courage to question the reason logically"
There can't be freedom unless one has financial independence. It empowers you to conduct yourself to participate in the processes around you which are important to you and your community. But still, subtle qualities like dignity, self respect, pride needs to be imbibed slowly and thru' long processes. Still they remain out of the reach of the oppressed. There are communities in India who are financially well off but are stingy. For them, they do not know the high standards of the human personality which are essential elements for creation of the responsible citizenry which undoubtedly is the core of any great nation building process. TDD focuses on giving alms to the students in the private & govt. Ashram schools & mainly provides essential goods needed for people's survival thru' schemes. These are of course brought thru' central buying process. This is important for your argument of development of local economy about which you looked a lot concerned. But before that let me emphasize here that like anywhere else the reach of the schemes in the tribal area is much more poorer. TDIs hardly do their job with sincerity. Political influences remain predominant factors in local budgeting.
Now, in your article you point out that despite of so much of budgetary allocation under TDD, the local economy has not grown alike the national GDP has grown. If you look at the cycle of economic progress in the districts with its dependence on the local sectors, there has been no significant contribution as far as TDD is concerned. I will explain this with a simple example. Say TDD spent 1000 crores on buying several articles. Now these articles are usually purchased from western Maharashtra. So the fund meant for tribal area has been usurped by the non-tribal areas. Consequently, the economy of the non-tribal area will have free stimulus package having multiplier effect and for the tribal area, there shall be blankets, buckets, pipes, biscuits etc. And these articles do not fuel local economic growth. Recently, there has been one GR on decentralized buying of uniforms for Ashram School (AS) students. Again this is without much thoughts. In remote areas, how a student is expected to buy his uniform travelling more than 80-100 kms incurring opportunity cost. Though the idea is good in principle, but it should have been done complete addressing the springing issues. TDD has ITIs, where students take tailoring classes. They need work & AS students need uniforms. This would ensure decentralization at the same time, assurance of employment, this is the convergence which we need to execute. This would for sure develop the local economy, you seem to be so much worried about, as proved by the theories of the economic development.
While you have rightly pointed out that the tribal need hand holding to take initiatives, unfortunately we do not have the system to do the same. In a highly fragmented society like ours, to enter into entrepreneurship without social capital is like committing a suicide. Progression of handful of SC/ST entrepreneurs is the testimony to my claim. If we really intention to propel tribal people into entrepreneurship, we have to take credit to their homes to deliver, we will have to reassure them to build belief in the spirit of entrepreneurship and we will have to assure them market linkages. You could help us greatly by offering on these lines some workable solutions as you have aptly highlighted the same.
You are saying in your article FRA 2006 has opened new vista before the tribal.While the correctness of this stand is contingent on the implementation and realization of the accrued benefits of the rights enshrined in the law. The MFPs have been collected, but at how many places? Being the secretary of the state level committee on the implementation of the FRA, you would be worried about the non-implementation of FRA in several tribal areas. One immediately comes to mind is the case of villages near recently declared Mansingdeo Sanctuary. While the law says, the Gram Panchayat (GP) should be sufficiently educated about the benefits of the FRA, the reach of FRA relevance & capacity of local officials remains low, thereby, denying many villages fruits of the FRA. Surely if we find there would be many such regions untouched by the benefits of the FRA. It is one of the most important tool to conserve the local habitat under CFR. The PTG villages remain untouched till date with respect to realization of real benefits for them. This legislation is intended in letters to undo the historic injustice, but that shall be done only when the law is implemented in the right spirit. A vast area of India remain out of this honest endeavor. Regarding mal-nourishment issue prevailing in tribal areas, You have shown lot of optimism from the line department. But, I'm not satisfied due to indifference of the local AWCs & CDPOs and shielding system. As openly accepted by the union minister Mr. Jairam Ramesh, the health system in our country has completely failed. And with increasingly privatized education and no-quality govt. education, for the leaderless tribal people there is hardly any hope of bright future in a highly caste based and corruption ridden capitalist society.
Best,
Santosh
On Sun, Jan 5, 2014 at 9:25 PM, <smsar...@yahoo.com> wrote:
This message is eligible for Automatic Cleanup! (Best,
Santosh Gedam
Santosh Gedam
Prime Minister's Rural Development Fellow
Ministry of Rural Development, GOI
Gadchiroli - Maharashtra
PGDM I Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
BTech I Chemical Engineer
Mob. 08275069556
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. - Margaret Mead
Mandar Phanse
Jan 6, 2014, 10:24:59 PM1/6/14
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I Fully agree with Mr.Santosh Gedam. Although am not a tribal by birth.I am brought up in a tribal area. And seen very closely the practical aspects. Have studied Anthropology for the same. I feel what he is saying is the reality check. And its time to face reality, Specialists and Tribal thought' leadership is the urgent requirement. We can not progress as a Nation until , Tribals and Nomads are really given importance in development as they want.. Unlike of the fact that Not imitating, blindly the crass culture outside the pure simple tribal values of Human respect. The so called main stream by far has reaped the most out of the resources like water to minerals,from Tribal territories.In return what is offered is not even peanuts. Best wishes to this cause online ,and healthy discussions will add value for sure. I couldn't stop writing , after reading Mr.Gedam's thought provoking words. Regards
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From: Santosh Gedam <ged...@gmail.com>
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Date: Tue, 7 Jan 2014 02:35:37 +0530
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Subject: Re: AYUSH | Tribal Entrepreneurship
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santosh4life
Jan 7, 2014, 1:36:41 AM1/7/14
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please congratulate sarkunde sir as he is discusing all issue openly with us..i request ayush to fix a meeting with sir for any innvotive startup...
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AYUSH Adivasi Yuva Shakti
Jan 30, 2014, 8:02:19 AM1/30/14
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Shared by : Sanjay Sonawani
गाव-कंपन्या: शेतीच्या मुलभुत प्रश्नांना एकमेव उत्तर
शेती हा पुर्वीपासून एकल व्यवसाय आहे. यात शेतकरी हाच मालक, अर्थव्यवस्थापक, उत्पादनव्यवस्थापक, खरेदीव्यवस्थापक, विक्री व्यवस्थापक असतो आणि मजुरही असतो. म्हणजे त्याला बी-बीयाणी ते मजुरी, कीटनाशके ते अन्य सर्व उत्पादनासाठी आवश्यक भांडवल स्वत:लाच जमवावे लागते. कोणती पीके घ्यायची यचा निर्नयही त्यालाच घ्यावा लागतो अणि तसाच विक्रीबाबतचा.
कोणतीही व्यक्ती या सर्वच व्यवस्थापकीय आघाड्यांवर परिपुर्ण असू शकत नाही हे ओघाने आलेच.
मुळात आर्थिक भांडवल हे अव्वाच्या सव्वा भावाने (२४ ते ६०% व्याजाने) बव्हंशी घ्यावे लागत असल्याने फसगतीची सुरूवात तेथुनच होते. त्यात जमीनींचे तुकडीकरण झाले असल्याने यांत्रिकीकरणाचा तेवढा फायदा घेता येत नाही. ते परवडतही नाही. तुकडीकरणामुळे शेतीची एकुणतील उत्पादकता घटलेली असते. पीकांचा निर्णय हा बव्हंशी पारंपारीक अनुभव वा अनुकरणाने घेतला जातो. त्यामागे कसलेही शास्त्रीय नियोजन नसते. एकुणातील मागणी आणि संभावीत उत्पादन याची आकडेवारी त्याला उपलब्धच नसते. तयामुळे त्याचे निर्नय अभावानेच बरोबर ठरतात. म्हणजे हा सारा नशिबाचा खेळ बणुन जातो. उत्पादनपद्धती ही बव्य्हंशी पारंपारिक असून क्रुषितद्न्यांचा सल्ला आवश्यक असतो, नव्या पद्धती, अपारंपारिक पिके याबाबत तो बहुदा अनभिद्न्यच असतो. भांदवलाचा अभाव असल्याने साठवणुक क्षमता, बाजारभाव वाढण्याची वाट पाहण्याची वाट पाहण्याऐवजी लगोलग पीक विकण्याची त्याची निकड बनुन जाते. हे सर्वांच्या बाबतीत होत असल्याने भाव पडतातच. नुकसान शेतक-यांचेच होते.
अशा स्थितीत शेतक-याचे हित होणे असंभाव्य आहे. एकल व्यवसायाचे हे अंगभुत तोटे आहेत.
यासाठी मी एक अभिनव कल्पना माझ्या ४ वर्षांपुर्वी प्रसिद्ध झालेल्या "कोर्पोरेट विलेज- एक गांव-एक कंपनी-एक व्यवस्थापन" या पुस्तकात मांडली होती. ती येथे सक्षिप्तपणे मांडत आहे.
१. प्रत्येक गावाने स्वता:ची गाव-कंपनी कंपनी कायद्याप्रमाणे एकत्रीत स्थापन करावी. (सहकारी नव्हे.)
२, गावातील प्रत्येक शेतकरी हा त्याच्या व्यक्तिगत मालकीच्या जमीनीच्या प्रमाणात कंपनीचा भागधारक व्हावा. येथे जमीन विकायची नाही. मालकी मुळ मालकाकडेच राहील.
३. संचालक मंडळ हे या भागधारकांतुनच निवडले जावे. त्यासाठी योग्यतेला, विविधांगी अनुभवांना महत्व दिले जावे.
४. क्रुषि तद्न्य/क्रुषि अर्थ तद्न्य यांची गरजेनुसार सल्लागार म्हणुन नियुक्ति करावी.
५. शेतकी पदवीधरांना पर्यवेक्षक म्हणुन नेमावे व अधिकाधिक उत्पन्नासाठी प्रयत्न करावेत.
हे झाले थोडक्यात. यातुन फायदे होणार आहेत ते असे:
१. गावातील जवळपास सर्वच जमीन एकत्रीत कसण्यासाठी उपलब्ध होईल.
२. पडिक जमीनी/माळराने ई. फळबागांसाठी वापरता येतील.
३. कंपनीला सुलभ व्याजदराने कर्ज सहज मिळवता येईल. पीकवीमा ते अन्य सरकारी योजनांचा खरा लाभ घेता येईल.
४. अत्याधुनिक पद्धतीने शेती करुन अपारंपारीक नगदी पीके/फळफळावळ/औषधी वनस्पतींचे काही भागात संवर्धन करता येईल.
५. एकुण बाजारपेठेतील मागणी-पुरवठ्याचा अंदाज घेवुन विस्त्रुत प्रमानावर सलग क्षेत्रावर लागवड करता येइल.
६. गावक्षेत्रातील उपलब्ध सर्वच जलस्त्रोतांचे काटेकोर व्यवस्थापन करता येइल व उत्पादन वाढवता येईल.
७. गावातील अतिरिक्त उत्पादनावर प्रक्रिया करनारा लघुउद्योग स्थापन करता येईल. साठवणुकीसाठी स्वतंत्र गोदाम उभारता येईल.
८. विपणनासाठी (marketing) स्वतंत्र व्यवस्था निर्माण करता येइल. विशिष्ट क्रुषि उत्पादनांचे ब्रांडिंगही करता येईल.
९. घरटी किमान एका व्यक्तीस कायमस्वरुपी रोजगार निर्माण होईल.
१०. भागधारक शेतक-याचा एकुनात कंपनीचे उत्पन्न वाढल्याने, आधी जे उत्पन्न मिळत होते त्यात किमान ३५ ते ५०% पर्यंत वाढ होईल.
११. सुशिक्षितांना गावातच रोजगार उपलब्ध झाल्याने विस्थापन थांबेल.
हे झाले थोडक्यात. आधुनिक व्यवस्थापन प्रणाली आणने हे तर आवश्यकच आहे. एकल व्यवसाय हा अनंत धोक्यांनी भरलेला असतो हे वास्तव आपण पहातच असतो. "शेतीचे एकत्रीकरण आणि कार्यप्रणालीचे विकेंद्रीकरण" हा खरा मुलमंत्र आता शेतक-यांना जपावा लागणार आहे. भविष्यात अन्नाची गरज वाढतच जात असल्याने शेतीचे पुढे तुकडीकरण नव्हे तर एकत्रीकरण आवश्यक आहे. आणि यात कोणत्याही शेतक-याचे नुकसान होणार नसुन फायदाच होणार आहे. जमीनीची मालकी त्याच्याकडेच राहणार आहे. फक्त तो कंपनीला ती भाग-भांडवलाच्या मोबदल्यात कसण्यासाठी देणार आहे. शिवाय तो एकुण कार्यप्रणालीचा त्याच्या व्यक्तिगत वकुबानुसार भाग बनणार असल्याने जो रोजगार मिळेल तो वेगळाच.
सर्वात महत्वाचा फायदा म्हणजे शेतीला एक शिस्त लागेल. व्यक्तिगत शेतक-याची जी नाडवणुक सहजी सरकार आणि सावकार/खरेदीदार आडते करतात ती होणे असंभाव्य होणार आहे. शेतमालाला (एकत्रीत उत्पादन मोठे असल्याने) राष्ट्रीय ते बहुराष्ट्रीय बाजारपेठ मिळवणे जास्त सुलभ होणार आहे. प्रक्रिया उद्योगामुळे वाया जाणा-या शेतमालाचे प्रमाण ३० ते ५०% वरुन २% पर्यंत खाली येवू शकते. ही एकुण राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन व उत्पन्नातली वाढ असल्याने राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्थेला बळकटी देणारी घटना ठरेल.
सुरुवातीला सर्वच नाही तरी काही शेतकरी एकत्र येवुन सुरुवात केली तर फायदे पहाता सर्वच एकत्र येणे अशक्य नाही. परंतू यासाठी व्यापक प्रबोधन करावे लागणार आहे. माझे पुस्तक वाचुन असंख्य शेतक-यांनी माझ्याशी संपर्क साधला असुन मी जवळपास ४०-४२ व्याख्यानेही दिली आहेत. काही गावांत अल्प प्रमाणावर का होईना या दिशेने प्रत्यक्ष प्रयत्न सुरु आहेत. पण ते पुरेसे नाही. नवे शेतकी तंत्रद्न्यान शिकवणारे खुप आहेत...आता गरज आहे नवे शेती-व्यवस्थापन तंत्रद्न्यान शिकवणा-यांची...हे आज आदर्शवादी वाटु शकेल पण एकुणात सर्वांचाच फायदा करुन देवू शकणा-या वास्तववादी विचारकांची.
shilpa surve
Jan 31, 2014, 5:29:27 AM1/31/14
to adi...@googlegroups.com
Hiii
sachin
pl send the gazatte copy early if possible to u
shilpa surve --
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sachin
pl send the gazatte copy early if possible to u
shilpa surve
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