On quick scan, one theme in both of these articles is the high importance of frequency. Rob Baron made the same point in our recent meeting with Tristate and Westchester Community Foundation (about organizing to be more effective, mission etc). Rob suggested that if dollars are not increasing, to get higher utilization/ridership it might be better to reduce peripheral routes and instead increase the frequency in the dense cores, so that people could experience the kind of 15 minute max wait that would make the system more useful for many.
Correct me if I got that wrong Rob!