Declension of a pronoun cascadingly

[RamanaMurthy Bathala]

Dear Sir,

         “SabdaManjari” and “A Higher Sanskrit Grammar (MR KALE)” give a list of 35 pronouns. And युष्मद् and त्वत् are two of them.

          From KALE’S book Page no 87&88: (Please see attachment)

“§ 132. The following 35 words are termed 'Pronouns' in Sanskrit:- सर्व, विश्व, उभ, उभय, डतर, डतम. (i.e. the word formed by the addition of the terminations अतर   and अतम  to the pronouns किम्, यद्,  and तद् which become  क,  य and  त  respectively before these; e.g. कतर, कतम,यतर, यतम and ततर, ततम) अन्य, अन्यतर, इतर, त्वत्, त्व, नेम, सम, सिम, पूर्व, पर, अवर, दक्षिण, उत्तर, अपर, अधर, स्व. अन्तर, त्यद्; तद्, एतद्, इदम्, अदस्, एक,द्वि, युष्मद्, अस्मद्, भवत्, and किम्.“

         For completeness, I tried to prepare the declension table for all the 35 pronouns in all the 3 genders. But I reached roadblock when I reached the the pronoun stem(base) ’त्वत्’.

युष्मद् = You; त्वत् = Other;

1)  For the stem  “युष्मद्”, the Ablative case Singular declension is “त्वत्”. But this “त्वत्“ is one of the 35 pronominal stems given above.

2) Now “त्वत्” is both stem with meaning “Other” and Ablative Singular declension of “युष्मद्”.

Doubt: How can be declension of one base become the base for another word for further declension? If I want to decline the second word, does it amount to cascading the declension (i.e., declining the word which is already declined)? Does grammar permit this?

 

Whether it is correct or not, I want to go ahead and decline the pronoun त्वत् (= Other).

Sabdamanjari gives how to decline the word “त्वत्”

Following is from SabdaManjari Pages 72 & 73 (Please see attachment)

“

१२३. तकारान्तः पुंलिङः ’त्वत्’ शब्दः(Other)

प्र.    त्वत्   त्वतौ  त्वतः

शेषं पुंलिङ्ग ’मरुत्’ शब्दवत्

 

’त्वत्’ शब्दः स्रीलिङ्गे ईकारान्तः (Other)

स्त्रीलिङ्ग सरित् शब्दवत्

 

तकारान्तः नपुंसकलिङ्गह् ’त्वत्’ शब्द: (Other)

’जगत्’ शब्दवत्

“

a)  For masculine forms, I followed मरुत् and completed the table as below.

तकारान्तः पुंलिङ्गः  'त्वत्' शब्दः (Other)
विभक्तिः	एक वचनम्	द्वि वचनम्	बहु वचनम्
प्रथमा	त्वत्	त्वतौ	त्वतः
द्वितीया	त्वतम्	त्वतौ	त्वतः
तृतीया	त्वता	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भिः
चतुर्थी	त्वते	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भ्यः
पञ्चमी	त्वतः	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भ्यः
षष्ठी	त्वतः	त्वतोः	त्वताम्
सप्तमी	त्वति	त्वतोः	त्वत्सु
सं.प्रथम	त्वत्	त्वतौ	त्वतः

 

b) For feminine forms, I got confused. It says it is ईकारान्तः and at the same time says ‘सरित् शब्दवत्’. So it is not clear to me.

c) For neuter gender, I followed the ’जगत्’ शब्द and prepared the following table.

तकारान्तः नपुंसकलिङ्गः  'त्वत्' शब्दः (Other)
विभक्तिः	एक वचनम्	द्वि वचनम्	बहु वचनम्
प्रथमा	त्वत्	त्वती	त्वन्ति
द्वितीया	त्वत्	त्वती	त्वन्ति
तृतीया	त्वता	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भिः
चतुर्थी	त्वते	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भ्यः
पञ्चमी	त्वतः	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भ्यः
षष्ठी	त्वतः	त्वतोः	त्वताम्
सप्तमी	त्वति	त्वतोः	त्वत्सु
सं.प्रथम	त्वत्	त्वती	त्वन्ति

 

 

 

 

I am not sure about the correctness of the tables prepared. I request the Scholars validate them and also let me know whether I have done any blooper in understanding or presenting the issue.

 

Regards

Ramana murthy

[Neelesh Bodas]

inline...

2017-07-02 10:42 GMT-07:00 RamanaMurthy Bathala <bathal...@gmail.com>:

Dear Sir,

         “SabdaManjari” and “A Higher Sanskrit Grammar (MR KALE)” give a list of 35 pronouns. And युष्मद् and त्वत् are two of them.

          From KALE’S book Page no 87&88: (Please see attachment)

“§ 132. The following 35 words are termed 'Pronouns' in Sanskrit:- सर्व, विश्व, उभ, उभय, डतर, डतम. (i.e. the word formed by the addition of the terminations अतर   and अतम  to the pronouns किम्, यद्,  and तद् which become  क,  य and  त  respectively before these; e.g. कतर, कतम,यतर, यतम and ततर, ततम) अन्य, अन्यतर, इतर, त्वत्, त्व, नेम, सम, सिम, पूर्व, पर, अवर, दक्षिण, उत्तर, अपर, अधर, स्व. अन्तर, त्यद्; तद्, एतद्, इदम्, अदस्, एक,द्वि, युष्मद्, अस्मद्, भवत्, and किम्.“

         For completeness, I tried to prepare the declension table for all the 35 pronouns in all the 3 genders. But I reached roadblock when I reached the the pronoun stem(base) ’त्वत्’.

युष्मद् = You; त्वत् = Other;

1)  For the stem  “युष्मद्”, the Ablative case Singular declension is “त्वत्”. But this “त्वत्“ is one of the 35 pronominal stems given above.

 

The Panchami Ekavachan ("Ablative case")  of युष्मद् is त्वत्,  which is not the "same" त्वत् that is in the list of सर्वनाम words. The two words are similar looking, but they are completely different from each other. There is no relation between त्वत् as the पञ्चम्येकवचन of युष्मद्, and त्वत् as a प्रातिपदिक representing a सर्वनाम word. Their meaning is different and their derivation is different.

 

2) Now “त्वत्” is both stem with meaning “Other” and Ablative Singular declension of “युष्मद्”.

Doubt: How can be declension of one base become the base for another word for further declension? If I want to decline the second word, does it amount to cascading the declension (i.e., declining the word which is already declined)? Does grammar permit this?

 

As explained above.

ईकारान्तः seems to be typo.

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[Taff Rivers]

Ramana,

  The base is tva (tvam).

 Tvat is the internal sandhied form it takes in compounds.

Tvam being the base of the second person 'you'.

As such, neither the first person, aham nor the second have gender.
Only the third person saḥ takes the three genders.

May I refer you to Coulson's Teach Yourself Sanskrit, 2nd edition, Appendix 2, page 285 for the complete declensions, which makes this clear.
Appliable to Classic and Vedic texts.

Hope this clarifies things.

Taff

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Subject: [Samskrita] Declension of a pronoun cascadingly
 

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[KN.Ramesh]

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mamillasoft.vipra_sanskrit

You can download this app in your android phone for generating all the 35 shabdas which you are referring.

[KN.Ramesh]

Ramana Murthy Gaaru,

The table which you have written for tvat zabda in masculine form is the correct one for streelinga form, ( ईकारान्त: स्त्रीलिÑग:, त्वत् शब्द:)

for masculine form, the table of tvat  is : ( तकारान्त: पुल्लिñग: त्वत् शब्द:)

पुमान्	एकः	द्वौ	बहवः
प्रथमा	त्वान्	त्वन्तौ	त्वन्तः
सम्बोधनम्	त्वन्	त्वन्तौ	त्वन्तः
द्वितीया	त्वन्तम्	त्वन्तौ	त्वतः

तृतीया	त्वता	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भिः
चतुर्थी	त्वते	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भ्यः
पञ्चमी	त्वतः	त्वद्भ्याम्	त्वद्भ्यः
षष्ठी	त्वतः	त्वतोः	त्वताम्
सप्तमी	त्वति	त्वतोः	त्वत्सु

For neuter gender, the table which you wrote is OK.

You can check the sabda manjari generator online here:

http://sanskrit.inria.fr/DICO/grammar.html

>>For feminine forms, I got confused. It says it is ईकारान्तः and at the same time says ‘सरित् शब्दवत्’. So it is not clear to me.

There is no shabda for तकारान्त: स्त्रीलिÑग: 

On Monday, 3 July 2017 17:37:44 UTC+5:30, RamanaMurthy Bathala wrote:

[hnbhat]

There is no ईकारान्त: स्त्रीलिÑग:, त्वत् शब्द:!

--

[KN.Ramesh]

Respected Prof.Dr.Bhat ji,

Then the vibhakti prayoga android app needs to be informed about this, because it is giving the declension for  ईकारान्त: स्त्रीलिÑग:, त्वत् शब्द: .

BTW,  उभ - ekavacanam & bahuvacanam are not coming in vibhakti prayoga; app and it gives only dvivacana roopams in masculine,feminine & neuter genders.

Is it because the word always denotes two and hence singular & plural forms it cannot take?

उभय - Here dvivacana roopams are not coming when it is reckoned as neuter gender. Is it missed intentionally? If dvivacana roopam is there, kindly provide.

Please help.

Namaskarams