THE HINDU ETHIC OF NONVIOLENCE
Hinduism Today
http://www.hinduismtoday.com/
February 1996
MANKIND'S SURVIVAL IS AT RISK. Our problems proliferate,
our global predicament deepens daily. Humanity direly
needs spiritual direction and new-found wisdom if it is
to endure. Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism have for
millenia been teaching noninjury, called ahinsa, as a
spiritual principle and practical ethic. On these four
pages we look at what Hinduism tells us about not causing
others pain. Many are the sources of Hindu thought which
inspire men and women to live the ideals of compassion
and nonviolence. The rishis who revealed the principles
of dharm, or divine law, in Hindu scripture knew full
well the potential for human suffering and the path which
could avert it. To them a one spiritual power flowed in
and through all things in this universe, animate and
inanimate, conferring existence by its presence. To them
life was a coherent process leading all souls without
exception to enlightenment, and no violence could be
carried to the higher reaches of that ascent.
The rishis were mystics whose revelation disclosed a
cosmos in which all beings exist in interlaced
dependence. The whole was contained in the part, and the
part in the whole. Based on this cognition, they taught a
philosophy of non-difference of self and other, asserting
that in the final analysis we are not separate from the
world and its manifest forms nor from the Divine which
shines forth in all things and all peoples. From this
understanding of oneness arose the philosophical basis
for the practice of noninjury and Hinduism's ancient
commitment to it.
We all know that Hindus, who are one-sixth of the human
race today, believe in the existence of God everywhere,
as an all-pervasive, self-effulgent energy and
consciousness. This basic belief creates the attitude of
sublime tolerance and acceptance toward others. Even
tolerance is insufficient to describe the compassion and
reverence the Hindu holds for the intrinsic sacredness
within all things. Therefore, the actions of all Hindus
are rendered benign or ahinsa. One would not want to hurt
something which one revered.
On the other hand, when the fundamentalists of any
religion teach an unrelenting duality based on good and
evil, man and nature or God and Devil, this creates
friends and enemies. This belief is a sacrilege to Hindus
because they know that the attitudes which are the by-
product are totally dualistic, and for good to triumph
over that which is alien or evil, it must kill out that
which is considered to be evil.
In Sanskrit himsa is doing harm or causing injury. The
"a" placed before the word negates it. Very simply,
ahinsa is abstaining from causing hurt or harm. It is
gentleness and noninjury, whether physical, mental or
emotional. It is good to know that nonviolence speaks
only to the most extreme forms of wrongdoing, while
ahinsa (which includes not killing) goes much deeper to
prohibit the subtle abuse and the simple hurt.
Beliefs, attitudes and actions interact to produce peace
or violence. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (IV, 4, ii, 6)
says: "Here they say that a person consists of desires.
And as is his desire, so is his will. And as is his will,
so is his deed; and whatever deed he does, that he will
reap." Two thousand years ago South India's weaver saint
Tiruvalluvar said it so simply, "All suffering recoils on
the wrongdoer himself. Therefore, those who desire not to
suffer refrain from causing others pain."
Because of the knowledge of reincarnation, the Hindu
knows that he may one day be in the same position of
anyone he might be inclined to harm or persecute. The
Hindu who is consciously aware within his soul knows that
he is the time traveller and may incarnate, take a body
of flesh, in the society he most opposed, in order to
equalize his hates and fears into a greater understanding
which would result in the release of ignorance. The
knowledgeable Hindu is well aware of all these
possibilities. Ahinsa is certainly not cowardice; it is
wisdom. And wisdom is the cumulative knowledge of the
existing divine laws of reincarnation, karm, dharm, the
all-pervasiveness and sacredness of things, blended
together within the psyche or soul of the Hindu.
There is a spiritual urge in every soul for peace. Even
if a person is violent now, he or she inwardly yearns for
peace. Man is essentially an instinctive, intellectual
and superconscious, or soul, person. The instinctive
nature is based on good and bad, mine and yours, up and
down pairs of opposites. The soul nature is based on
oneness, humility, peace, compassion, love, helpfulness.
The intellectual nature is based on trying to figure both
of these two out. It juggles knowledge from the lower
nature to the higher nature and from higher nature to the
lower nature. It works out formulas, finds solutions and
processes knowledge.
The key is yoga, yoking the soul with the energies of the
physical body (the instinctive nature) and yoking the
energies of the soul with the energies of the mind
(intellectual nature) and then, simply, one becomes
consciously conscious in the soul. This is an experience
to be experienced, and for the Hindu it is personal
experience of God which is essential for liberation. The
Hindu strives to be consciously conscious of his soul.
When those soulful qualities are unfolded, he is filled
with a divine love and would not hurt a flea if he could
help it.
An individual can find total peace within himself, not
through meditation alone -- for peaceful actions must
follow introspection -- not through drugs, not through
psychology or psychiatry, but through control. Peace is
the natural state of the mind. It is there, inside, to be
discovered in meditation and then radiated out to others.
How do we bring individuals to this point? Of course, if
the educational system promotes it, in every community
the greatest potential for peace will be achieved. The
educational system is controlled by the adults, so they
have to come to terms with the fact that they must not be
hurtful -- physically, mentally or emotionally -- and
accept the basic principles of the Sanatan Dharm: all-
pervasive energy, cause and effect and coming back in a
physical birth until all scores are settled. Once the
adults accomplish this, these basic principles of life
will naturally be passed on to the next generation.
Ahinsa begins in the home, in the bedroom, in the
kitchen, in the garden, in the living room. When himsa,
harmfulness, arises in the home, it must be settled
before sleep, or else those vrittis, those waves of the
mind, which were disturbed by the creation of the
situation, will go to seed to erupt at a later time in
life. We cannot expect the children to control themselves
if the parents do not control themselves. Those who
attain a personal peace by controlling their instinctive
nature become the spiritual leaders of human society.
People who do become these leaders retroactively control
the masses because of their spirit, their soul force --
not because of the mind force, their cleverness, their
deceptions, their political power, their money or
contacts. Peaceful homes breed gentle people. Gentle
people follow ahinsa.
AHINSA
Exploring Noninjury as a Way to Achieve Harmony with Our
Environment, Peace Between Peoples and Compassion Within
Ourselves.
What Is the Great Virtue Called Ahinsa?
Ahinsa, or noninjury, is the first and foremost ethical
principle of every Hindu. It is gentleness and
nonviolence, whether physical, mental or emotional. It is
abstaining from causing hurt or harm to all beings. Aum.
To the Hindu the ground is sacred. The rivers are sacred.
The sky is sacred. The sun is sacred. His wife is a
Goddess. Her husband is a God. Their children are devas.
Their home is a shrine. Life is a pilgrimage to
liberation from rebirth, and no violence can be carried
to the higher reaches of that ascent. While nonviolence
speaks only to the most extreme forms of wrongdoing,
ahinsa, which includes not killing, goes much deeper to
prohibit the subtle abuse and the simple hurt. Rishi
Patanjali described ahinsa as the great vow and foremost
spiritual discipline which Truth-seekers must follow
strictly and without fail. This extends to harm of all
kinds caused by one's thoughts, words and deeds --
including injury to the natural environment. Even the
intent to injure, even violence committed in a dream, is
a violation of ahinsa. Vedic rishis who revealed dharm
proclaimed ahinsa as the way to achieve harmony with our
environment, peace between peoples and compassion within
ourselves. The Vedic edict is: "Ahinsa is not causing
pain to any living being at any time through the actions
of one's mind, speech or body." Aum Namah Shivaye.
What Is the Inner Source of Noninjury?
Two beliefs form the philosophical basis of noninjury.
The first is the law of karm, by which harm caused to
others unfailingly returns to oneself. The second is that
the Divine shines forth in all peoples and things. Aum.
The Hindu is thoroughly convinced that violence he
commits will return to him by a cosmic process that is
unerring. He knows that, by karm's law, what we have done
to others will be done to us, if not in this life then in
another. He knows that he may one day be in the same
position of anyone he is inclined to harm or persecute,
perhaps incarnating in the society he most opposed in
order to equalize his hates and fears into a greater
understanding. The belief in the existence of God
everywhere, as an all-pervasive, self-effulgent energy
and consciousness, creates the attitude of sublime
tolerance and acceptance toward others. Even tolerance is
insufficient to describe the compassion and reverence the
Hindu holds for the intrinsic sacredness within all
things. Therefore, the actions of all Hindus living in
the higher nature are rendered benign, or ahinsa. One
would not hurt that which he reveres. The Vedas
pronounce, "He who, dwelling in all things, yet is other
than all things, whom all things do not know, whose body
all things are, who controls all things from within -- He
is your soul,
the Inner Controller, the Immortal." Aum Namah Shivaye.
What Is the Inner Source of Violence?
Violence is a reflection of lower, instinctive
consciousness -- fear, anger, greed, jealousy and hate --
based in the mentality of separateness and
unconnectedness, of good and bad, winners and losers,
mine and yours. Aum.
Every belief creates certain attitudes. Attitudes govern
our actions. Our actions can thus be traced to our inmost
beliefs about ourself and the world around us. If those
beliefs are erroneous, our actions will not be in tune
with the universal dharm. For instance, the beliefs in
the duality of self and other, of eternal heaven and
hell, victors and vanquished, white forces and dark
forces, create the attitudes that we must be on our
guard, and are justified in giving injury, physically,
mentally and emotionally to those whom we judge as bad,
pagan, alien or unworthy. Such thinking leads to
rationalizing so-called righteous wars and conflicts. As
long as our beliefs are dualistic, we will continue to
generate antagonism, and that will erupt here and there
in violence. Those living in the lower, instinctive
nature are society's antagonists. They are self-
assertive, territorial, competitive, jealous, angry,
fearful and rarely penitent of their hurtfulness. Many
take sport in killing for the sake of killing, thieving
for the sake of theft. The Vedas indicate, "This soul,
verily, is overcome by nature's qualities. Now, because
of being overcome, he goes on to confusedness." Aum Namah
Shivaye.
Is Vegetarianism Integral to Noninjury?
Hindus teach vegetarianism as a way to live with a
minimum of hurt to other beings, for to consume meat,
fish, fowl or eggs is to participate indirectly in acts
of cruelty and violence against the animal kingdom. Aum.
The abhorrence of injury and killing of any kind leads
quite naturally to a vegetarian diet, shakahara. The
meat-eater's desire for meat drives another to kill and
provide that meat. The act of the butcher begins with the
desire of the consumer. Meat-eating contributes to a
mentality of violence, for with the chemically complex
meat ingested, one absorbs the slaughtered creature's
fear, pain and terror. These qualities are nourished
within the meat-eater, perpetuating the cycle of cruelty
and confusion. When the individual's consciousness lifts
and expands, he will abhor violence and not be able to
even digest the meat, fish, fowl and eggs he was formerly
consuming. India's greatest saints have confirmed that
one cannot eat meat and live a peaceful, harmonious life.
Man's appetite for meat inflicts devastating harm on the
earth itself, stripping its precious forests to make way
for pastures. The Tirukural candidly states, "How can he
practice true compassion who eats the flesh of an animal
to fatten his own flesh? Greater than a thousand ghee
offerings consumed in sacrificial fires is not to
sacrifice and consume any living creature." Aum Namah
Shivaye.
How Can Peace on Earth Be Achieved?
Peace is a reflection of spiritual consciousness. It
begins within each person, and extends to the home,
neighborhood, nation and beyond. It comes when the higher
nature takes charge of the lower nature. Aum Namah
Shivaye.
Until we have peace in our own heart, we can't hope for
peace in the world. Peace is the natural state of the
mind. It is there, inside, to be discovered in
meditation, maintained through self-control, and then
radiated out to others. The best way to promote peace is
to teach families to be peaceful within their own homes
by settling all conflicts quickly. At a national and
international level, we will enjoy more peace as we
become more tolerant. Religious leaders can help by
teaching their congregations how to live in a world of
differences without feeling threatened, without forcing
their ways or will on others. World bodies can make laws
which deplore and work to prevent crimes of violence. It
is only when the higher-nature people are in charge that
peace will truly come. There is no other way, because the
problems of conflict reside within the low-minded group
who only know retaliation as a way of life. The Vedas
beseech, "Peace be to the earth and to airy spaces! Peace
be to heaven, peace to the waters, peace to the plants
and peace to the trees! May all the Gods grant to me
peace! By this invocation of peace may peace be
diffused!" Aum Namah Shivaye.
Scriptures Speak on Noninjury
To the heavens be peace, to the sky and the earth; to the
waters be peace, to plants and all trees; to the Gods be
peace, to Brahman be peace, to all men be peace, again
and again -- peace also to me! -- Shukl Yajur Ved 36.17
If we have injured space, the earth or heaven, or if we
have offended mother or father, from that may Agni, fire
of the house, absolve us and guide us safely to the world
of goodness. -- Atharv Ved 6.120.1
Protect both our species, two-legged and four-legged.
Both food and water for their needs supply. May they with
us increase in stature and strength. Save us from hurt
all our days, O Powers! -- Rg Ved 10.37.11
When mindstuff is firmly based in waves of ahinsa all
living beings cease their enmity in the presence of such
a person. -- Yog Sootr 2.35
O earthen vessel, strengthen me. May all beings regard me
with friendly eyes! May I look upon all creatures with
friendly eyes! With a friend's eye may we regard each
other! -- Shukl Yajur Ved 36.18
He who sees that the Lord of all is ever the same in all
that is -- immortal in the field of mortality -- he sees
the truth. And when a man sees that the God in himself is
the same God in all that is, he hurts not himself by
hurting others. Then he goes, indeed, to the highest
path. -- Bhagavad Gita 13.27-28
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