I want to know how the words dhaarayaamaasa (धारयामास), kathayaamaasa
(कथयामास) etc.
are formed, their meaning, how to use this.
Kindly help.
Thanks,
Srikanth.
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Dear Scholars,
Kindly help.
Thanks,
Srikanth.
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Dear Srikāntha Mahodaya
There is a class of verbs which do not or cannot reduplicate to form the perfect. These are 10 class - aya verbs, and they form what is called the periphrastic perfect - ie the perfect with two parts. First they take the feminine accus ending ām,
and then perfect of a auxiliary verb is added to it - the auxiliary is usually the perfect of kṛ, as, or bhū but usually is the perfect of as ie āsa and only a few take cakāra. So we have bodhāyāmāsa - he did awakening or he awoke, or he told, or he placed, in your examples.
Vimala
Bhatt Mahodaya
I was quoting MacDonellś grammar. Yes not all three options are used with any verb. I did not say all three could be used for each. But there are verbs which use one of the three and examples are given on p 116 &117. MacDonell says " hardly any examples of desideratives or intensives are found in this tense".
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Paragraph 1045. Perfect. The accepted causative perfect is the
periphrastic (1071a); a derivative noun in आ is made from the
causative stem, and to its accusative, in आम्, is added the auxiliary:
thus,
धारयांचकार (or धारयामास)
धारयांचक्रे
Of this perfect no examples occur in RV, or SV, only one - गमयांचकार -
in AV, and but half-a-dozen in all the various texts of the Black
Yajur-Veda, and these not in the mantra-parts of the text. They are
also by no means frequent in the Brahmanas, except in SB. (where they
abound: chiefly, perhaps, for the reason that this work uses in
considerable part the perfect instead of the imperfect as its
narrative tense).
Paragraph 1071a. It is the accepted perfect of the derivative
conjugations: intensive, desiderative, causative, and denominative;
the noun in आ being made from the present-stem which is the general
basis of such conjugation: thus, from root बुध्, intensive बोबुधाम्,
desiderative बुभुत्साम्, causative बोधयाम्, denominative मन्त्रयाम्.
Arvind Kolhatkar, Toronto, April 11, 2012.
W.D.Whitney has made a few remarks about how words like धारयामास,
कथयामास etc. are formed. I reproduce them below as an additional
input.
Paragraph 1045. Perfect. The accepted causative perfect is the
periphrastic (1071a); a derivative noun in आ is made from the
causative stem, and to its accusative, in आम्, is added the auxiliary:
thus,
धारयांचकार (or धारयामास)
धारयांचक्रे
Of this perfect no examples occur in RV, or SV, only one - गमयांचकार -
in AV, and but half-a-dozen in all the various texts of the Black
Yajur-Veda, and these not in the mantra-parts of the text. They are
also by no means frequent in the Brahmanas, except in SB. (where they
abound: chiefly, perhaps, for the reason that this work uses in
considerable part the perfect instead of the imperfect as its
narrative tense).
Paragraph 1071a. It is the accepted perfect of the derivative
conjugations: intensive, desiderative, causative, and denominative;
the noun in आ being made from the present-stem which is the general
basis of such conjugation: thus, from root बुध्, intensive बोबुधाम्,
desiderative बुभुत्साम्, causative बोधयाम्, denominative मन्त्रयाम्.
Thanks for both introducing me to the Grammar of Whytney.