efloraofindia:''For Id 18092011MR1’’ plant with green berry like fruits Pune

[Madhuri Raut]

Request for identification

Date/Time-Sep 2011

Location- Place, Altitude, GPS-Pune

Habitat- Garden/ Urban/ Wild/ Type-Wild

Plant Habit- Tree/ Shrub/ Climber/ Herb-   plant

Height/Length- about a foot

Leaves Type/ Shape/ Size- green

Flowers Size/ Colour/ Calyx/ Bracts- look light orange

Fruits Type/ Shape/ Size Seeds- green berry like fruits

Is the plant in pic unknown2 the same as unknown and unknown1? leaves look similar but color of stem in unknown2 is red

regards

Bhagyashri

[Madhuri Pejaver]

Phyllanthus sps Madhuri --- On Sun, 18/9/11, Madhuri Raut <iti...@gmail.com> wrote:

[Giby Kuriakose]

I think the first two pictures and last (3rd) picture belongs to different species?

Regards,

Giby

--
GIBY KURIAKOSE PhD
Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE),
Royal Enclave,
Jakkur Post, Srirampura
Bangalore- 560064
India
Phone - +91 9448714856 (Mobile)
visit my pictures @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/giby

[Madhuri Raut]

Thank you Madhuriji and Gibyji

Are the first 2 pictures of Purslane and the last Phyllanthus sps

Regards

Bhagyashri

[Giby Kuriakose]

The plant one in the last picture is Phyllanthus sp. 

Do you have a picture of the first plant in which the tip of the branch in focus? 

Kindly upload pictures of different species in different threads. 

Regards,

Giby

[Madhuri Raut]

@Gibyji Thank you. I know we have to post different sp in different threads but the plant in the last picture looked similar to the other plant and I wanted to be sure that it is so. I went to take pic of the plant that I last photographed but unfortunately somebody had trampled upon but I could get a close up of similar plant near it I hope it is of help 

Regards

Bhagyashri

[Giby Kuriakose]

I think this belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. 

Regards

[Madhuri Raut]

Thank you Gibyji

After you identified the plant I looked up the net. Can it be

Spotted Spurge: Euphorbia maculata

Regards

Bhagyashri

[Madhuri Raut]

@Gibyji just out of curiosity how do you experts identify these innumerable plants so easily ? Do you know them by heart or is there some method of arriving at the correct id?

Best regards

Bhagyashri

[Giby Kuriakose]

Your id may be correct. 

Please check the following link for a nice picture of Euphorbia maculata.  

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Euphorbia_maculata_001.JPG

Would it be possible for you to get a picture with inflorescence and flowers in focus. 

[Madhuri Raut]

@Gibyji 

I have tried to get pics again but this is of a nearby plant to the existing. Someone very unkindly has uprooted the plant in the pot along with this plant and has stolen the pot. It is terrible what people do I hope it helps looks quite similar to the link you have kindly provided. But I have so little knowledge. This does not show berry like fruits yet

Regards

Bhagyashri

[Giby Kuriakose]

Now, with these clearer pictures, I think this could be Euphorbia hypericifolia (Syn: Chamaesyce hypericifolia) of Euphorbiaceae family.

Dinesh Ji, please validate the same. 

Regards,

Giby

[Dinesh Valke]

... oh yes, Giby ji ... Euphorbia hypericifolia (syn: Chamaesyce hypericifolia) referring to the new set of images ... a1.jpg AND 190920111752.jpg


In the set of images posted initially in the thread, in the third picture unknown2.jpg - seems to me a different plant in the foreground - most possibly a Phyllanthus species.
The other two images in the set unknown1.jpg AND unknown.jpg the details are not clear OR are lost.

Some pictures in my photostream of Euphorbia hypericifolia ... http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Euphorbiahypericifolia&w=91314344%40N00&m=tags

Regards.
Dinesh

[Madhuri Raut]

Thank you Gibyji and Dineshji for taking so much efforts and being patient in identification. Thank you both for giving me links to study. @dineshji very nice pics taken by you. 

After reading on the net after identification I have found that it has a lot of medicinal properties. The info found is in Marathi we say "Dokya varun jaat ahe". But for Botanists and experts like you it will be interesting. Thank you again for id

Euphorbia hypericifolia L.

Protologue Sp. pl. 1: 454 (1753). Family Euphorbiaceae  Chromosome number n = 7, 8, 16, 28; 2n = 16, 18, 22, 32 Synonyms Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. (1909). Vernacular names Graceful sandmat, graceful spurge, large spotted spurge (En). Herbe colique (Fr). Lechosa, lecheleche, yerba golondrina, canchlagua (Po). Origin and geographic distribution Euphorbia hypericifolia originates from tropical and subtropical America and has spread to tropical Africa and India. Its distribution in tropical Africa is not clear as it is confused with Euphorbia indica Lam. It occurs with certainty in West Africa, Burundi and on Mauritius. Uses In West Africa and Burundi the latex is applied as a caustic on cuts and wounds; in West Africa the latex is taken in water as a purgative. In Burundi a vapour bath of the leaf decoction is applied to treat headache. In Mauritius a plant decoction is taken to treat diarrhoea, dysentery and colic. The plant is considered astringent and calming. The principal use of Euphorbia hypericifolia in tropical and subtropical America is in a decoction or infusion of the leaves and roots for the treatment of a wide variety of gastro-intestinal disorders with watery and mucous discharges. Euphorbia hypericifolia is also used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, menorrhagia, leucorrhoea, pneumonia and bronchitis. The leaves have a sweetish taste, followed by a sensation of harshness. Production and international trade Euphorbia hypericifolia is widely traded in the United Stated in tablets and powders, mainly to treat bowel disorders. It is traded internationally through the internet. Properties From the aerial parts aliphatic alcohols have been isolated as have the sterols taraxerol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campestol and the flavonoids kaemferol, quercetin, quercetrin (quercetin-3-rhamnoside), rhamnetin-3-galactoside, rhamnetin-3-rhamnoside and ellagic acid. Leaf extracts showed significant growth inhibitory effect against Aspergillus flavus in vitro, and also inhibited the production of aflatoxins almost completely, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations. Botany Glabrous annual, branched herb, spreading or erect, up to 60 cm tall, apex of branches drooping, with latex. Leaves opposite, simple; stipules triangular, 1–2 mm long, one pair often fused, hairy at margins; petiole 1–2 mm long; blade elliptical-oblong to oblong, 1–2(–3.5) cm × 0.5–1(–1.5) cm, base cuneate, asymmetric, apex obtuse, margin obscurely toothed. Inflorescence an axillary cluster of flowers, called a ‘cyathium’, cyathia densely clustered into a head c. 1.5 cm in diameter; peduncle up to 3 cm long; cyathia almost sessile, c. 1 mm long, with a cup-shaped involucre, lobes triangular, minute, glands 4, tiny, almost round, stiped, with circular, white to pink appendage, each involucre containing 1 female flower surrounded by many male flowers. Flowers unisexual; male flowers sessile, bracteoles linear, perianth absent, stamen c. 0.5 mm long; female flowers with short pedicel, perianth a rim, ovary superior, glabrous, 3-celled, styles 3, minute. Fruit a 3-lobed capsule c. 1.5 mm in diameter, 3-seeded. Seeds ovoid, c. 1 mm long, 4-angled, slightly wrinkled, greyish purple, without caruncle. Pollination of Euphorbia hypericifolia is probably effected by small insects and the seeds have been seen to be dispersed by ants. Euphorbia comprises about 2000 species and has a worldwide distribution, with at least 750 species occurring in continental Africa and about 150 species in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands. Euphorbia hypericifolia belongs to subgenusChamaesyce section Hypericifoliae, a group of annual herbs with obvious stipules, further characterized by the main stem aborting at the seedling stage. The plant thus consists of an expanded dichotomously branching inflorescence, with the floral bracts appearing as normal leaves, cyathia clustered 10 or more in stalked, head-like cymes, 4 involucral glands with petal-like appendages or entire and conical seeds without a caruncle. Euphorbia indica Lam. also belongs to sectionHypericifoliae. It originates from India and Sri Lanka and has been introduced as a weed in East and southern Africa, as well as in Réunion and Mauritius. It was mistakenly considered to be synonymous with Euphorbia hypericifolia L., but it differs by having stipules that are not fused and a hairy fruit. In East Africa the latex is used as a purgative and as a caustic on skin lesions. In Kenya the latex is applied to the eyes to treat eye infections and catarrh. In Tanzania ground plants are added to bath water to treat oedema. In Mauritius a plant decoction is taken to treat diarrhoea and dysentery. Ecology Euphorbia hypericifolia occurs along roadsides, stony river sides, in waste places and as a weed in cultivation, from sea-level up to 600 m altitude. Genetic resources and breeding Euphorbia hypericifolia has a large area of distribution and is weedy of nature. Therefore it is not threatened by genetic erosion. Prospects Euphorbia hypericifolia has considerable value as a medicinal plant, although more research needs to be done to evaluate its chemistry and pharmacology. Major references • Burkill, H.M., 1994. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. 2nd Edition. Volume 2, Families E–I. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 636 pp. • Gurib-Fakim, A., Guého, J. & Bissoondoyal, M.D., 1996. Plantes médicinales de Maurice, tome 2. Editions de l’Océan Indien, Rose-Hill, Mauritius. 532 pp. • Hasan, H.A.H. & Abdel Mallek, A.Y., 1994. Inhibitory effect of aqueous leaf extracts of some plants on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Dirasat, Series B, Pure and Applied Sciences 21(3): 215–219. • Neuwinger, H.D., 2000. African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart, Germany. 589 pp. Other references • Ehrenfeld, J., 1976. Reproductive biology of three species of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae). American Journal of Botany 63(4): 406–413. • Ehrenfeld, J., 1979. Pollination of three species of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce, with special reference to bees. American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87–98. • Watt, J.M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G., 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa. 2nd Edition. E. and S. Livingstone, London, United Kingdom. 1457 pp. Author(s) • V.E. Emongor Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana

 

 

Euphorbia Hypericifolia.—Large Spotted Spurge.

·                         Chamaesyce alsiniflora

 

·                         Chamaesyce drummondii

·                         Chamaesyce humistrata

 

·                         Chamaesyce hypericifolia

·                         Chamaesyce lata

 

·                         Chamaesyce maculata

 

·                         Chamaesyce ocellata

 

·                         Chamaesyce prostrata

 

·                         Euphorbia helioscopia

·                         Euphorbia heterodoxa

 

·                         Euphorbia lathyris

 

·                         Euphorbia marginata

 

·                         Euphorbia portulacoides

 

·                         Euphorbia tannensis

·                         Hippomane mancinella

 

·                         Mercurialis annua

 

·                         Mercurialis perennis

Related entries: Euphorbia Corollata.—Large Flowering Spurge- Euphorbia Pilulifera.—Pill-Bearing Spurge - Euphorbium.—Euphorbium - Euphorbia Ipecacuanha.—American Ipecac

The entire plant Euphorbia hypericifolia, Linné.
Nat. Ord.—Euphorbiaceae.
COMMON NAMES: Large spotted spurge, Garden spurge, Black purslane, Milk purslane, Eye-bright, Flux-weed.

Botanical Source and History.—Euphorbia hypericifolia is a common weed, found in gardens and on cultivated land, in all parts of the United States. The stem is from 1 to 2 feet in length, ascending, and much branched; it is smooth, and when the plant grows in sunny situations, is of a purple color. The branches are alternate, and proceed from opposite sides of the stem, giving the plant a flat appearance. The leaves are about an inch long, opposite, unequal at the base, and supported on very short leaf-stalks; they are oblong, obtuse, triple-veined from the base and serrulate, with numerous small, appressed teeth. The larger leaves have large purple spots near the center, which is very characteristic of the plant. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, and appear late in summer. They have the peculiar structure of the genus Euphorbia, and the involucrate clusters are borne from the forks of the branches on slender stalks about 1/4 inch long. The fruit is a 3-lobed carpel, containing 3 wrinkled, blackish seeds. The plant is minutely described in earlier editions of this Dispensatory, as follows: "This plant, also known by the names of Black purslane, Milk purslane, Eye-bright, etc., is an annual plant, with a smooth, somewhat procumbent, branching stem, from 1 to 2 feet high; branches dichotomous, divaricate-spreading. Leaves from 1/2 to 1 inch in length, about one-fourth as wide, opposite, oblong, somewhat falciform, serrated, oblique or heart-shaped at base, often curved, 3 to 5-ribbed underneath, on very short petioles, often marked with purple oblong dots and blotches. Flowers small, white, numerous, disposed in terminal and axillary corymbs. Fruit mostly rather hairy; seeds 4-angled, obscurely wrinkled transversely" (W.—G.).

History and Chemical Composition.—Euphorbia hypericifolia is an indigenous plant, growing in rich soil in waste and cultivated places, as old cornfields, but seldom in woods, and flowering from July to September. The whole plant is used, and yields its properties to water or alcohol; the leaves have a sweetish taste, succeeded by a sensation of harshness and roughness. The plant contains caoutchouc, resin, tannin, gallic acid, etc. (Wm. Zollickoffer, 1833). No further analysis or chemical examination seems to have been made. Dr. H. L. True brought this drug forward in the Eclectic Medical Journal, 1874, since which time numerous articles have appeared in various medical journals, and at present the plant is in regular use among Eclectic physicians, having obtained a reputation in the treatment of bowel disorders.

Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—Garden spurge acts principally upon the digestive tract and the sympathetic nervous system. Dr. True, its introducer, proved the remedy upon himself, using an infusion of leaves and tops (℥ss to water Oj). He took 1 1/2 pints of the infusion at one dose. Shortly afterward, he experienced a fullness in the frontal and parietal regions, followed by a headache similar to that produced by macrotys, but less severe. The pain then centered at the top of the head and a characteristic heat was felt over the eyes. The mind could not be fixed upon anything but the headache. There was no tinnitus nor vertigo, nor was sleep produced, though a feeling of drowsiness and languor superseded the active stage. The maximum effect of the drug was produced in about 2 hours and subsided in 3 1/2hours. An unpleasant fullness with oppression at the epigastrium accompanied the head symptoms. The drug proved so constipating that he was obliged to take physic the following day. He concluded that in large doses it acted primarily as a cerebral stimulant, and secondarily as a sedative to the brain and sympathetic nervous system. In no sense could it be called a narcotic. Dr. True found this drug to be very efficient as an injection for gonorrhoea, using it in several cases, some of them chronic, with complete success. The principal use, however, for which the drug was brought out, was forgastro-intestinal disorders. It is one of the most certain remedies for cholera infantum, having been employed where ipecac proved useless. Typhilitis, muco-enteritis, dysentery, and irritant diarrhoea are also cured by it when its indications are present, which are gastric irritation, or irritation of any portion of the mucous lining of the intestines. It is usually employed with specific aconite. It has been found of service in menorrhagia and leucorrhoea, both from debility, and is recommended for infantile pneumonia and bronchitis. It is also valuable in summer complaints of adults. Excellent results have attended its employment in cholera morbus. Its most marked property is that of removing gastro-intestinal irritation. The dose of the strong infusion of the plant (℥ss to boiling water Oj, infused 1/2 hour) is, for a child, from 15 minims to 2 fluid drachms every hour; for an adult, from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every hour. Dose of specific spotted spurge, 1 to 10 drops in water every 1 or 2 hours.

Specific Indications and Uses.—Gastro-intestinal irritation; cholera infantum; muco-enteritis; dysentery; vertigo, with constipation; "diarrhoea, the discharges being greenish and irritant; frequent desire to go to stool, which relieves sometimes without any motion" (Scudder).

Related Species.—Euphorbia maculata, Linné, or Spotted spurge, is possessed of similar properties, and has been used with advantage in the same forms of disease, cholera morbus, diarrhoea, dysentery, etc. It is an annual plant, generally found growing with the E. hypericifolia, and possesses sensible properties analogous to those of this variety. It has a procumbent stem, spreading flat on the ground, much branched, and hairy; leaves opposite, oval or oblong, minutely serrulate toward the end, unequal at the base, slightly 3-ribbed, smooth above, hairy and pale beneath, oblique at base, on short petioles, often spotted with dark-purple, from 3 to 6 lines long, one-half as wide. Flowers white, solitary, axillary, much shorter than the leaves, appearing from July to October; female flowers naked. Filaments articulated; receptacle squamose; capsule 3-grained smooth, pubescent, or warty; seeds 4-angled, obscurely wrinkled transversely, about one-third smaller than the E. hypericifolia (W.—G.). Zollickoffer, in 1842, found resin, caoutchouc, and gallic and tannic acids in this species.

Euphorbia prostata, Aiton, Swallowwort, a plant growing in the southwestern portions of the United States and Mexico, is one of the many so-called specifics against the bite of the rattlesnake, and other poisonous reptiles, spiders, etc. It is known to the natives of Mexico as gollindrinera, The fresh juice of the plant is procured by bruising it in a mortar, and then adding water and expressing it; the dose is 3 or 4 fluid ounces, repeated every 1, 2, or 3 hours, or oftener, according to the urgency of the case; the bruised plant being at the same time applied to the wound. The plant grows in dry, hard, sandy soils, has long, thread-like, reddish stems, resembling somewhat the Coptis trifolia, and which become entangled with each other; leaves opposite, dark-green, obcordate, petaloid, from 1/3 to 1/2 inch long; flowers appear from April to November, are small, white, axillary, dark-purple at the orifice of the corolla tube; sepals 4; petals 4; root large, deep-brown. The whole plant contains an abundance of an odorless, insipid milky juice.

Euphorbia humistrata, Engelmann.—Mississippi valley. Resembles the preceding species.

Euphorbia chiliensis, of Chili.—Is employed as a drastic cathartic.

Euphorbia ocellata, Dur. and Hilg..Pacific states. Contains gallo-tannic acid and resin. Used to antidote snakebites.

Euphorbia lata, Engelmann.—United States. Cases of poisoning by seeds, reported near Philadelphia, by Harlan, producing serious gastro-intestinal disturbance, with excessive catharsis, followed by dilatation of pupils and stupor (Med. and Phys. Researches, p. 603).

Euphorbia Lathyris, Linné (Tithymalus Lathyris, Scopoli); Caper or Garden spurge.—A native of the south of Europe, but cultivated and somewhat naturalized in the United States, having been introduced into New Mexico and western Texas (Coulter). The seeds, which were formerly used. under the name of semen cataputiae minoris, yield an expressed oil which is purgative, and deposits a crystalline mass upon standing. O. Zander obtained 42 per cent of oil by extraction with carbon disulphide (Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1878, P. 339). Aesculetin (C9H₆O₄), is also one of its constituents (R. Tawara,Chem. Ztg., 1889, p. 1706). Five seeds have been known to purge, and also to provoke emesis. It is said to act somewhat like croton oil. In doses of 5 to 10 drops the pure oil is said to act mildly, but is liable to assume dangerous acrid properties. When recent the oil is without odor, colorless, and practically tasteless. Cases of poisoning by the seeds have been reported (Bull. de Therap., Vol. CI, p. 541). The antidotes are opiates. The milky juice from this plant, collected in autumn, revealed under the microscope the presence of euphorbon, starch, and crystals of calcium malate (Henke, Archiv. der Pharm., 1886, p. 753).

Euphorbia eremocarpus.—Pacific states. Contains resin, an acid, and a volatile oil. Used to stupefy fish to facilitate their capture (Proc. Cal. Coll. Pharm., 1885).

Euphorbia Drummondii, Boissier.—Australia. This plant, according to Bailey and Gordon, is poisonous to sheep. It is also fatal to cattle. If eaten by them early in the morning, before the sun has dried the plant, the result is said to be nearly always fatal. Sheep will only eat it when grass is scarce. The head becomes enormously swollen, and the animal, being unable to support it, is forced to drag it over the ground. The ears also swell, and suppuration ensues. It is known to the natives as caustic creeper, milk plant, and pox plant. The Euphorbia alsinaeflora, Baillon, is likewise poisonous to sheep (Useful Native Plants of Australia, Maiden). Dr. J. Reid (Austral. Med. Gaz., No. 61), is said to have isolated a crystalline alkaloid devoid of color from E. Drummondii, and named it drummine. He ascribes to it anaesthetic properties, which property is considered by some as doubtful (see also Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1887, p. 264). The entire subject of its chemistry needs verification.

Euphorbia heterodoxa, Mueller.—Brazil. This plant is known as Alveloz, Aveloz, and Arveloz. The juice is said to act somewhat like jequirity. When fresh it produces dermatitis, and destroys diseased tissue without producing marked pain. Spread upon a granulating sore, it produces a profusion of pus, and placed upon morbid growths destroys them, layer after layer, and induces granulation. The acrid principle seems to reside in a resin. It has been used with reputed success in the treatment of cancerous growths and syphilitic chancroids.

Euphorbia helioscopia, Linné.—Texas and other parts of the United States. The juice of this plant is said to remove warty growths.

Euphorbia marginata, Pursh; Snow-on-the-mountain.—Cultivated in gardens in the United States. Produces effects like those of poison-oak (Bot. Gaz., 1890, p. 276).

MANZANILLO.—A West Indian Euphorbiaceae, the juice of which is violently irritant, and when internally administered (20 drops), produced a fatal gastro-intestinal inflammation. It is diuretic, and in 2-drop doses is reputed actively purgative. The Cubans make use of it in tetanus.

Mercurialis annua (Nat. Ord.—Euphorbiaceae). Europe. Reichardt, in 1863, obtained from this herbaceous plant a volatile base, mercurealine, which he describes as an oily base, analogous to coniine, of strongly alkaline reaction, possessing a penetrating, narcotic odor, and resinifying when exposed to the air. It begins to distill it 140° C. (284° F.). E. Schmidt (1878), declares it identical in every respect with monomethylamine (CH3NH2), and to be associated in the plant with small amounts of trimethylamine. When boiled the plant is rendered nonacrid, and is used as a poultice. It was formerly regarded an important remedy in Europe, where it was variously lauded as a purgative, diuretic, emmenagogue, and antisyphilitic. A related European species, Mercurialis perennis, is likewise toxic.

---

King's American Dispensatory, 1898, was written by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D., and John Uri Lloyd, Phr. M., Ph. D.

 Regards

Bhagyashri

[J.M. Garg]

Is it Euphorbia erythroclada as identified in Satish ji's post:

http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix/browse_thread/thread/81773c30cfc7c0c1?hl=en_IN#

--

With regards,
J.M.Garg (jmg...@gmail.com)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'
The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise): http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg. You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group: http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix (more than 1750 members & 97,000 messages on 30/11/11) or Efloraofindia website: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (with a species database of more than 6000 species).

Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of India'. 

[J.M. Garg]

Forwarding again for Id confirmation or otherwise please.

Some earlier relevant feedback:

Now, with these clearer pictures, I think this could be Euphorbia hypericifolia (Syn: Chamaesyce hypericifolia) of Euphorbiaceae family. Dinesh Ji, please validate the same. Regards, Giby

Is it Euphorbia erythroclada as identified in Satish ji's post:

http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix/browse_thread/thread/81773c30cfc7c0c1?hl=en_IN#- from me

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Madhuri Raut <iti...@gmail.com>
Date: 19 September 2011 15:11
Subject: Re: [efloraofindia:82307] efloraofindia:''For Id 18092011MR1’’ plant with green berry like fruits Pune
To: Giby Kuriakose <giby.ku...@gmail.com>
Cc: efloraofindia <indian...@googlegroups.com>

--

With regards,
J.M.Garg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'
The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise): http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg. You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world): http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix (more than 2200 members & 1,78,400 messages on 31/12/13) or Efloraofindia website: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (with a species database of more than 9000 species & 1,80, 000 images).

[Tapas Chakrabarty]

send it to Balakrishnanji.

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