Re: Carbs, not saturated fat, at root of diet induced inflammation
Ozgirl
"These data implicate dietary carbohydrate rather than fat as a
more significant nutritional factor contributing to inflammatory
processes."
No oner suggested a low fat diet. No one denied carbs were a source of
inlflammation. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction isn't just about sat fats and
their effects, it is also about excess (and refined) carbs as well.
Considering most people in this group already know about the need to reduce
carbs and change from processed carbs it wasn't necessary to talk about that
in this instance as far as I am concerned. But as a lot of folk here talk
about sat fat not being harmful to the endothelium I tohught it necessary to
introduce the subject again.
This study does NOT exclude sat fat from the inflammation equation and does
nothing to support your argument that sat fat is fine. Your recipes you
share are laced with heavy cream and full fat cheese. Considering the number
of studies about sat fat and inflammation I think it would be wise if you
curbed your push towards sat fats. There are plenty of other fats a person
can use as a replacement that aren't going to do damage. There is no need to
push the dangerous information.
Susan wrote:
> x-no-archive: yes
>
> Date:12/3/2007[Outline] [RSS & Subscription]
>
>
>
> Metabolic syndrome is a condition afflicting one quarter to one third
> of adult men and women and is an established pre-cursor to diabetes,
> coronary heart disease, and other serious illnesses. Patients have
> long been advised to eat a low-fat diet even though carbohydrate
> restriction has been found to be more effective at reducing specific
> markers, such as high triglycerides, characteristic of the syndrome.
>
> *********Now, a new study indicates that a diet low in carbohydrates
> is also more effective than a diet low in fat in reducing saturated
> fatty acids in the blood and reducing markers of inflammation.****
>
> While there have been contradictory and confusing messages directed at
> health conscious consumers about dietary recommendations, most
> researchers agree on the need to limit inflammatory agents. In a
> report published in the on-line version of the journal Lipids,
> researchers at the University of Connecticut with co-authors from
> SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, the University of
> Minnesota, and the University of California show much greater
> improvement in inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic
> syndrome on a very low carbohydrate approach compared to a low fat
> diet.
> Lead researcher Jeff S. Volek, PhD, RD, associate professor of
> kinesiology at the University of Connecticut, describes the study as
> adding to the evolving picture of improvement in general health beyond
> simple weight loss in keeping blood glucose and insulin under control.
> The work is part of a larger study (currently under review) showing
> numerous improvements in blood lipids.
>
> ******The current work concludes that lowering total and saturated fat
> only had a small effect on circulating inflammatory markers whereas
> reducing carbohydrate led to considerably greater reductions in a
> number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion
> molecules.*****
> **** These data implicate dietary carbohydrate rather than fat as a
> more significant nutritional factor contributing to inflammatory
> processes.
>
> Contact: Jeff Volek
> jeff....@uconn.edu
> 860-486-6712
> SUNY Downstate Medical Center
> Source:Eurekalert
ra...@val.com
Just to let you know (not that anyone cares) I do consider your post
informative, balanced and (as much as I hate to repeat this phase)
"evidence based"
Ozgirl Wrote:
> No oner suggested a low fat diet. No one denied carbs were a source of
> inlflammation.
Well, almost no one, except for me.
The most detailed diet study that looked at numerous inflammatory
markers found a drastic reduction in a very short period of time on
very high complex carb (>70%) high fiber low fat diet. Inaddition the
subjects could eat as much as they wanted so there wasn't alot of
weight loss. Unlike most other studies cited in this area this was
done under controlled conditions so we know exactly what the subjects
ate. Also insulin sensitivity was increased by 30% (with very little
weight loss) glucose levels were reduced. All this was done in a
period of 3 weeks without much weight loss. The full paper is
available.
See ref 1.
The paper that Gys cited in a recent post showed that Atkins wrosened
enthothelial function whereas as a low fat high carb (complex, high
fiber) did not. See ref 2.
A couple more recent studies found the same thing, low fat high carb
(complex,high fiber) diets improved endothelial function whereas low
carb high saturated fat diet resulted in deterioated function. (3) (4)
Another recent study that looked a type 2 diabetics using eight a high
fat (60% fat, 20% carbs) vs a low fat (60% carbs, 20% fat) showed that
insulin sensitivity, weight loss were equal but endothelial function
worsened only under the low carb/high fat diet. See ref 5.
The evidence seems pretty clear low carb/ high saturated fat diets
harm endothelial health whereas high complex carb (high fiber) diets
are either neutral or result in improvment.
The only group that has not replicated these result are Jeff Volek and
his group at Univ. of Conn. But - These guy receive their funding from
the "Atkins Foundation" and the "Egg Institute".
Regards
Randy
1.
Effect of a Diet and Exercise Intervention on Oxidative Stress,
Inflammation, MMP-9 and Monocyte Chemotactic Activity in Men with
Metabolic Syndrome Factors
Christian K. Roberts1*, Dean Won1, Sandeep Pruthi1, Silvia Kurtovic1,
Ram K. Sindhu2, Nosratola D. Vaziri3, and R. James Barnard1
1 Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los
Angeles, California, USA
2 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine,
Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, California, USA
3 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine,
University of California, Irvine, California, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
crob...@ucla.edu.
The present study was designed to examine the effects of lifestyle
modification on key contributing factors to atherogenesis, including
oxidative stress, inflammation, chemotaxis, and cell adhesion. Obese
men (N=31), 15 of whom had metabolic syndrome were placed on a high-
fiber, low-fat diet in a 3-week residential program where food was
provided ad libitum and daily aerobic exercise was performed. In each
subject, pre- and post-intervention fasting blood was drawn for
circulating levels of serum lipids, glucose and insulin (for
estimation of insulin sensitivity), oxidative stress generating enzyme
myeloperoxidase (MPO) and marker 8-isoprostaglandin F2 (8-iso-PGF2),
the inflammatory protein C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble
intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 as an indicator of
endothelial activation, sP-selectin as a marker of platelet
activation, the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1)
and total matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Using subject sera and
human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) culture systems, vascular cell
adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) cell surface abundance and monocyte
chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, and
hydrogen peroxide production were measured in vitro by fluorometric
detection. Also determined in vitro was serum-induced, monocyte
adhesion and monocyte chemotatic activity (MCA). After 3 weeks,
significant reductions (p<0.05) in BMI, all serum lipids and lipid
ratios, fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for
insulin resistance, MPO, 8-iso-PGF2, CRP, sICAM-1, sP-selectin, MIP-1,
and MMP-9 were noted. In vitro, serum-stimulated cellular VCAM-1
expression, MCP-1 production, and fluorometric detection of superoxide
and hydrogen peroxide production decreased, while a concomitant
increase in NO production was noted (all p<0.01). Additionally, both
monocyte adhesion (p<0.05) and MCA (p<0.01) decreased. 9 of 15 were no
longer positive for metabolic syndrome post-intervention. Intensive
lifestyle modification may ameliorate CAD risk factor reduction in men
with metabolic syndrome factors prior to reversal of obesity.
2.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Apr;109(4):713-7.
Comparative effects of three popular diets on lipids, endothelial
function,
and C-reactive protein during weight maintenance.
Although popular diets focus on weight loss and their favorable
biochemical
and physiological effects, fewer investigations have evaluated the
biological impact of these diets during weight maintenance. To study
this
issue, three popular diets-Atkins, South Beach, and Ornish-were tested
in a
randomized and counterbalanced crossover study between January and
December
2006. Participants completed each of the three 4-week isocaloric
dietary
intervention phases followed by a 4-week washout period. They were
weighed
weekly and caloric adjustments made if weight change exceeded 1 kg. At
the
completion of each dietary phase, 3-day food records were analyzed,
fasting
blood sampled, and brachial artery reactivity testing performed.
Eighteen
adults completed all three isocaloric dietary phases. During the South
Beach
and Ornish maintenance phase, there were significant reductions in
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.8%; P=0.01, 16.6%; P=0.0006,
respectively) compared to prediet baseline. In addition, in contrast
to the
Atkins maintenance phase, significant reductions in low-density
lipoprotein
cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels were observed after the South
Beach
(P=0.003, P=0.05; repeated measures analyses of variance) and Ornish
maintenance phases (P=0.0004, P=0.006, repeated measures analyses of
variance). Brachial artery testing revealed an inverse correlation
between
flow-mediated vasodilatation and intake of saturated fat (r=-0.33;
P=0.016).
These data suggest that during weight maintenance, less favorable
biological
effects are observed during a simulated, high-fat Atkins diet when
compared
to the South Beach and Ornish diet. The findings support additional
study in
subjects with visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome, in whom an
increased risk of coronary disease at baseline may be accentuated
with
chronic consumption of a diet that exhibits unfavorable effects on
lipids
and endothelial function.
3.
Phillips SA, Jurva JW, Syed AQ, Syed AQ, Kulinski JP, Pleuss J,
Hoffmann
RG, Gutterman DD.
Benefit of low-fat over low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial health
in
obesity.
Hypertension. 2008 Feb;51(2):376-82. Epub 2008 Jan 14.
PMID: 18195164
Abstract
Obesity is associated with impaired endothelial-dependent flow-
mediated
dilation, a precursor to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Although
dieting
generally improves cardiovascular risk factors, the direct effect of
different dietary strategies on vascular endothelial function is not
known.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a low-fat
(LF)
diet improves endothelial function compared with an isocaloric
low-carbohydrate (LC) diet.
Obese (n ; body mass index: 29 to 39; mean systolic blood pressure:
107 to
125 mm Hg) and otherwise healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to
either
the American Heart Association modeled LF (30% fat calories) diet or
an
isocaloric LC Atkins' style diet (20 g of carbohydrates) for 6 weeks
(4-week
weight loss and 2-week maintenance phase). Brachial flow-mediated
dilation
and dilation to nitroglycerin were measured with ultrasound using
automated
edge detection technology (baseline, week 2, and week 6). Blood
pressure,
weight loss, and cholesterol profiles were measured throughout the
study.
Weight loss was similar in LF (100±4 to 96.1±4 kg; P<0.001) and LC
(95.4±4
to 89.7±4 kg; P<0.001) diets. Blood pressure decreased similarly in
both
groups (LF: 8/5 mm Hg; LC: 12/6 mm Hg) at 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the
percentage of flow-mediated dilation improved (1.9±0.8; P<0.05) in the
LF
diet but was reduced in the LC diet (-1.4±0.6; P<0.05) versus
baseline.
Dilation to nitroglycerin and lipid panels was similar at 0, 2, and 6
weeks.
Despite similar degrees of weight loss and changes blood pressure, LF
diets
improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation over LC diets. LF
diets may
confer greater cardiovascular protection than LC diets.
4.
Flow-mediated dilatation is impaired by a high-saturated fat diet but
not by a high-carbohydrate diet.
Keogh JB, Grieger JA, Noakes M, Clifton PM.
CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide BC, South Australia.
OBJECTIVE: It is unknown whether a low-fat diet, which may elevate
triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,
harms the endothelium. Our aim was to determine whether a low-fat,
high-carbohydrate (CARB) diet impaired endothelial vasodilation
compared with high saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), or
polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) diets. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty healthy
subjects were randomly crossed over to 4, 3-week isocaloric diets high
in PUFA, MUFA, or SFA, containing at least 25 g of the relevant fat or
a low-fat, CARB, high-glycemic load diet. Flow-mediated dilatation
(FMD), fasting blood lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein,
plasma intercellular, and vascular adhesion molecules plasma E- and P-
selectin were measured after each intervention. SFA impaired FMD
compared with all other diets (5.41+/-2.45% versus 10.80+/-3.69%;
P=0.01). FMD did not change on CARB relative to MUFA or PUFA, despite
23% to 39% rises in triglyceride and 10% to 15% falls in HDL
cholesterol. P-selectin was highest after SFA (121+/-52.7 ng/mL)
versus MUFA (98+/-44.5 ng/mL; P=0.001) and PUFA (96+/-36.4 ng/mL;
P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High SFA caused deterioration in FMD compared
with high PUFA, MUFA, or CARB diets. Inflammatory responses may also
be increased on this diet.
PMID: 15774905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
5.
Low-Fat versus Low-Carbohydrate Weight Reduction Diets: Effects on
Weight
Loss, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk A Randomised Control
Trial.
Bradley U, Spence M, Courtney CH, McKinley MC, Ennis CN, McCance DR,
McEneny
J, Bell PM, Young IS, Hunter SJ.
Diabetes. 2009 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19720791
Objective: Low-fat hypocaloric diets reduce insulin resistance and
prevent
type 2 diabetes in those at risk. Low-carbohydrate high-fat diets are
advocated as an alternative but reciprocal increases in dietary fat
may have
detrimental effects on insulin resistance and offset the benefits of
weight
reduction.
Research Design and Methods: We investigated a low-fat (20% fat, 60%
carbohydrate) versus a low-carbohydrate (60% fat, 20% carbohydrate)
weight
reduction diet in 24 overweight/obese subjects, BMI 33.6+/-3.7 kg/m
(2), age
39+/-10 years (mean +/- SD), in an 8 week randomized controlled trial.
All
food was weighed and distributed and intake calculated to produce a
500kcal/day energy deficit. Insulin action was assessed by the
euglycaemic
clamp and insulin secretion by meal tolerance test. Body composition,
adipokine levels and vascular compliance by pulse-wave analysis were
also
measured.
Results: Significant weight loss occurred in both groups (P<0.01),
with no
difference between groups (P=0.40). Peripheral glucose uptake
increased but
there was no difference between groups (P=0.28) and suppression of
endogenous glucose production was also similar between groups. Meal
tolerance-related insulin secretion decreased with weight loss with
no
difference between groups (P=0.71). The change in overall systemic
arterial
stiffness, was, however, significantly different between diets
(P=0.04);
this reflected a significant decrease in augmentation index following
the
low-fat diet, compared to a non-significant increase within the
low-carbohydrate group.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates comparable effects on insulin
resistance of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets independent of
macronutrient content. The difference in augmentation index may imply
a
negative effect of low-carbohydrate diets on vascular risk.
ra...@val.com
Susan,
Keep in mind that Jeff Volek and his group recieve funding from the
Atkins Foundation and the Egg Institute.
Numerous other studies from independent, unrelated sources contradict
these findings.
See my post to Ozgirl.
Randy
Kurt
Thanks, once again, for posting another side of the story and backing
it up with good documentation. As you well know, most in this
newsgroup, especially the most vocal ones, are low carb advocates so
your alternate evidence that challenges low-carb is not...how shall I
say...embraced. :)
Studies and research are often conflicting and contradictory. If
someone posts a study saying that people prefer the color red, there
will be another study out there that finds that people prefer the
color blue. Such is the nature of studies. Personally, I look at the
bulk of evidence and the duration of the findings when I make my
choices in life.
IMO, what is important here in this newsgroup is that all sides are
presented and differing opinions can be expressed. You always present
your evidence in a very diplomatic way and I certainly think there are
many here who read what you post, but choose not to respond.
I also agree with you about Ozgirl.
Best,
Kurt
> compared with all other diets (5.41+/-2.45% versus 10.80+/-3.69%; ...
>
> read more �
Ozgirl
> Hi Ozgirl,
> Just to let you know (not that anyone cares) I do consider your post
> informative, balanced and (as much as I hate to repeat this phase)
> "evidence based"
>
> Ozgirl Wrote:
>> No oner suggested a low fat diet. No one denied carbs were a source
>> of inlflammation.
>
> Well, almost no one, except for me.
Sorry, I should have qualified that, I meant highly processed carbs. i.e.
white bread no fibre etc.
ra...@val.com
> Sorry, I should have qualified that, I meant highly processed carbs. i.e.
> white bread no fibre etc.
Thanks for the clarification Ozgirl and I agree.
Regards
Randy
Ozgirl
To go further, with post prandial dysmetabolism you encompass the excess
processed carbs problem of hypertriglyceridemia and sat fats (amongst other
things) causing oxidative stress which causes inflammation and endothelial
damage. Taking antioxidant supplements or eating anti-oxidative foods with
the sat fat just dampens the effect. Removing sat fat and other causes is a
preventative.
ra...@val.com
> Hi Randy,
>
> Thanks, once again, for posting another side of the story and backing
> it up with good documentation. As you well know, most in this
> newsgroup, especially the most vocal ones, are low carb advocates so
> your alternate evidence that challenges low-carb is not...how shall I
> say...embraced. :)
>
> Studies and research are often conflicting and contradictory. If
> someone posts a study saying that people prefer the color red, there
> will be another study out there that finds that people prefer the
> color blue. Such is the nature of studies. Personally, I look at the
> bulk of evidence and the duration of the findings when I make my
> choices in life.
>
> IMO, what is important here in this newsgroup is that all sides are
> presented and differing opinions can be expressed. You always present
> your evidence in a very diplomatic way and I certainly think there are
> many here who read what you post, but choose not to respond.
>
> I also agree with you about Ozgirl.
Thanks Kurt. I wish more here shared your perspective.
This stuff is neither rocket science or religion, just reasoable
opinons based on data. Its a shame, as you state, that it's often (by
some very vocal memebers) not treated as such.
Regards
Randy
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
>
> Date:12/3/2007[Outline] [RSS & Subscription]
Nearly 2 years old.
> Metabolic syndrome is a condition afflicting one quarter to one third of
> adult men and women and is an established pre-cursor to diabetes,
> coronary heart disease, and other serious illnesses. Patients have long
> been advised to eat a low-fat diet even though carbohydrate restriction
> has been found to be more effective at reducing specific markers, such
> as high triglycerides, characteristic of the syndrome.
>
> *********Now, a new study indicates that a diet low in carbohydrates is
> also more effective than a diet low in fat in reducing saturated fatty
> acids in the blood and reducing markers of inflammation.****
A nearly two year old study is not a new study.
> While there have been contradictory and confusing messages directed at
> health conscious consumers about dietary recommendations ...
There has been no confusion for the discerning who know and understand
that folks ignore how much they are eating to their own peril:
May GOD give you, Susan, a new heart and a new spirit (Ezekiel
11:19-20 and 36:26) so that you would be born again of water and
Spirit (John 3:3 and 3:5) so that you would come to trust the truth,
Who is Jesus:
Amen.
Be hungrier, which truly is healthier especially for diabetics and
other heart disease patients:
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/9642aafa0aad16eb?
Marana tha
Prayerfully in the awesome name of our Messiah, LORD Jesus Christ,
Andrew <><
--
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-certified Cardiologist
and Author of the 2PD-OMER Approach:
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/f882137d4e2858d8?
ver...@gefinden.com
is
> also more effective than a diet low in fat in reducing saturated fatty
> acids in the blood and reducing markers of inflammation.****
snip
"There has been no confusion for the discerning who know and understand
that folks ignore how much they are eating to their own peril:"
Not responsive to the topic. What one eats is an important part of
avoiding the risk for diabetes. Weight alone does not account for
diabetes. About 20 percent of overweight people develope frank
diabetes.
It is better to ignore the incomplete and nonresponsive advice one too
often finds. Seek a source of information that considers all the
factors involved.
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/ba8379f6c69b4310?
<><
There is pure joy in being used by GOD to change hearts:
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/8824c8a5b7c7518c?
Being hungrier truly is healthier especially for diabetics and other
ra...@val.com
> On Thu, 19 Nov 2009 21:01:28 -0800 (PST), "ra...@val.com"
> based on what data? data gathered by studies done on other people,
> most of whom are not even diabetic? or data gathered by actual
> diabetics,
Reply:
Based on data from both diabetics and non-diabetics. I posted it here,
in this thread. Do you read?
Your only interested in making negative remarks without any reference
to the data presented. This has been a consistent form of response
from you for atleast the last 2 years (as long as I've been reading
this group).
Mack Wrote:
> selective memory is great for making yourself feel smarter but not for
> making yourself actually smarter.
Please demonstrate specially how this non-sequiotor applies..
Mack Wrote:
> something kurt never grasped and you seem to fail at when sucking up
> to him.- Hide quoted text -
This thread is a technical discussion about technical matters. If you
disagree then your invited to present your view point. Instead you
just infect the thread with your self centered personal attacks.
Your a mean, snarly individual Mack that can't wait to spew your venom
anytime you feel justified.
Randy
Wildbilly
(the good fat). What is left is about 1/3 stearic acid, which is
converted to oleic acid by our bodies.
Check it out yourself,
http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/
In article <7mj92qF...@mid.individual.net>,
"Ozgirl" <are_we_t...@maccas.com> wrote:
--
�When you give food to the poor, they call you a saint. When you ask why the poor have no food, they call you a communist.�
-Archbishop Helder Camara
http://tinyurl.com/o63ruj
http://countercurrents.org/roberts020709.htm