HOLODOMOR The Forgiven Holocaust of 1932-33 (Classic Vintage Repost) V2.0 T_0822
Doc Tavish
(Link active July 19, 2003. Archived locally as: ukar_famine)
HOLODOMOR
The Forgiven Holocaust of 1932-33
1932 1933 YEARS OF ARTIFICIAL FAMINE IN UKRAINE CREATED BY THE MUSCOVITE
OCCUPIERS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PICTURE: http://www.ukar.org/famine01.gif
(Oksana Procyk, Leonid Heretz, and James E. Mace, Famine in the Soviet Ukraine
1932-1933: A Memorial Exhibition, Widener Library Harvard University, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1986, p. 71)
In selecting documents for inclusion in the Famine Archive, I have adhered to
the general Ukrainian Archive policy of allowing room for opposing points of
view. In order for an accurate picture of the Famine to emerge, it is essential
that opposing arguments be recognized and either confirmed or disconfirmed; and
if, upon occasion, descriptions of the Ukrainian famine have been inaccurate,
then having this pointed out by critics constitutes a valuable contribution
toward arriving at a true account.
To fear and to inhibit opposing arguments, or the correction of errors, might
seem necessary only to those who worry that the Ukrainian Terror Famine has
never occurred, or who fear that permitting corrections will cast the entire
story into doubt. But such worries and fears are groundless. Errors,
contradictions, exaggerations — all of these enter in to cloud our perception of
every historical event, and to expect otherwise with respect to the Ukrainian
Terror Famine would be unrealistic.
Therefore, where criticism of certain Famine accounts is warranted, the
criticism must be greeted as providing a useful guide as to how to improve the
quality of future accounts. Where any inaccuracies have been introduced by the
press, then this might be taken as an indication that the press needs to be both
monitored and educated. Where inaccuracies have been introduced by writers
contracted primarily because of their fame, then this might be taken as a
warning that buying fame is not the same as buying historical fidelity.
Finally, in the case where facts are simply created out of thin air by Soviet or
Russian representatives, then a sampling of even this too is not inappropriate —
or else the reader would be left with no awareness that any dispute is possible,
and so would go out into the world less prepared for the disinformation that he
is certain to meet there.
http://www.ukar.org/famine06.htm
(Link active July 19, 2003. Archived locally as: ukar_famine06)
Collectivization and the famine
BY BOHDAN KRAWCHENKO
UKRAINE FAMINE 1933
Special Edition issued by the
Ukrainian Canadian Committee
Edmonton Branch
October 14, 1983
In 1932 and 1933 millions of people in Ukraine died of hunger. Unlike most
famines, the one in Ukraine was not caused by some natural calamity or crop
failure, but was man-made.
The 1920s — "Golden Era"
The peasantry — about 80 per cent of Ukraine's population — had fought
pitched battles against landlords during the 1917 revolution to realize its
age-old dream of owning land.
When in 1918-19 the Bolsheviks occupied Ukraine and made their first bid to
collectivize peasant land, the Ukrainian peasants resisted so fiercely that
Lenin ordered "severe punishment" for any Bolshevik who preached
collectivization. During the 1920s, peasants organized voluntary cooperatives
and agriculture thrived.
In this period the Ukrainian people forced the Bolsheviks to change their
nationality policy. The Ukrainian language displaced Russian in education,
state administration and the mass media.
Ukrainians were recruited into the party and government. Within the
Communist Party of Ukraine there developed a powerful Ukrainian wing which
demanded an end to Russian domination in economic and political life.
Stalin's policies in 1929 brought the "golden era" to an end
Collectivization
In 1928 Stalin suddenly announced accelerated industrialization in the form
of the first five-year plan. The plan was hastily put together and, as a
result, billions of rubles were wasted.
By 1930 it became clear that Stalin's government was running out of funds.
Rather than rethink economic strategies, Stalin ordered more grain to be
squeezed out of the peasantry.
The quickest method of accomplishing this, according to Stalin, was to
establish collective farms by expropriating all peasant land, grain reserves and
livestock without compensation. Also, collective farms would have to turn over
all their produce to the state.
Interestingly enough, when the Nazis occupied Ukraine, they did not abolish
collective farms: they appreciated this finely tuned instrument for the
exploitation of the peasantry.
In Ukraine, collectivization had another aim: to "destroy the social basis
of Ukrainian nationalism — individual peasant agriculture," according to the
Soviet newspaper Proletarska Pravda, (22.1.1930).
It was in 1930 as well that Stalin ordered the first of a series of purges
of Ukrainian cultural and political figures — all part and parcel of a program
to roll back the achievements of the national revival of the 1920s.
The campaign against kulaks
An essential component of forced collectivization, according to Stalin, was
the "elimination of kulaks as a class."
The word kulak conjures up an image of a wealthy, grasping peasant. The
reality had little in common with the myth.
In the 1920s there were laws banning the sale and purchase of land and of
its rent. Land was distributed on the basis of the size of the peasant family.
Some peasant households did, of course, own more land than others. But these
households also had larger families to support.
Compare the richest kulak in Ukraine with an industrial worker. In the
mid-1920s the average annual income per working peasant in the richest peasant
farm in Ukraine (comprising about 30 acres) was 200 rubles. The average worker,
by contrast, made 521 rubles a year and received many social-security benefits
which were not available to the peasantry.
When the campaign against kulaks began, the Soviet regime was at a loss for
a definition of the term and produced an arbitrary set of criteria. For
example, a household owning a motor of any kind was classified as belonging to
the kulak category.
Neither were kulaks those who hired labor. As the Russian demographer M.
Maksudov has shown, the majority of those employing labor in the countryside
were invalids of the First World War and the revolution, widows and families
with few children.
The campaign against kulaks, therefore, had little to do with economic
considerations. "Dekulakization" was intended to rid the countryside of
peasants (irrespective of their material standing) who were most likely to
organize and lead resistance to forced collectivization.
According to official Soviet surveys, Ukraine had 71,500 kulak households
in 1929. But according to official Soviet sources, between 1930 and 1932,
200,000 kulak households or one million people were "eliminated." The plan for
the destruction of kulaks was overfulfilled by almost 200 per cent.
The deportations
Those who resisted collectivization were either executed or sent to prison
camps and their families were deported to Siberia or the Russian Arctic circle.
Peasant activists were deported with their families to the northern regions of
Russian.
Here is what some eyewitnesses wrote about their experiences: "Barefooted
and poorly clad peasants were jammed into railroad cars and transported to the
regions of Murmansk and the like. Peasants were unloaded into snow about two
metres deep. The frost stood at 75 degrees below zero. Without even an axe or
a saw we began building huts from tree branches. In two weeks all the children,
the sick and the elderly had frozen to death."
The death rate among Ukrainian peasants deported to the Sverdlovsk region
in Russia was typical: only 2,300 of the original group of 4,800 survived the
winter.
The suffering during the deportations was terrible enough, yet it pales in
comparison with what happened during the famine of 1932-33.
Grain requisition campaigns
By the spring of 1930 peasant resistance to collectivization had reached
such proportions that Stalin panicked and ordered a temporary retreat. In an
article entitled "Dizzy with Success," he admitted that excesses had occurred
and falsely pinned the entire blame on local officials. Moreover, he reassured
the peasants that membership in collective farms henceforth would be
"voluntary."
In the spring of 1930 there occurred a mass exodus of peasants from
collective farms. Thinking that Stalin's regime had learned its lesson,
peasants worked with a will and brought in an excellent harvest — 23.1 million
(metric) tons of grain.
But in the autumn of 1930 Stalin again changed course. He ordered the
drive for collectivization to be resumed and the maximum amount of grain to be
taken out of Ukraine. A third of the harvest, or 7.7 million tons of grain, was
taken by the state.
The renewed collectivization drive produced chaos in agricultural
production. The peasantry was given no incentive to produce. By the end of
1930, for example, 78 per cent of collective farms in Ukraine had failed to pay
peasants for the days that they had worked. Ironically, peasants' payment in
Ukraine (in kilos of food produce) was half what it was in Russia. Reassured by
his success of 1930, Stalin ordered the 1931 quota for grain delivery to the
state to be set at the same level — 7.7 million tons.
The 1931 harvest, however — 18.3 million tons of grain — was 20 per cent
smaller than in 1930. Almost 30 per cent of the harvest was lost because of the
breakdown of the transportation system.
Intent on exporting grain to finance industrialization, Stalin ordered that
it be requisitioned whatever the cost to the peasantry.
By the early spring of 1932, 7 million tons had been taken. The amount was
so great that the republic was short of seed grain by 45 per cent.
Ukrainian officials knew that if the rate of grain requisitioning
continued, famine would break out. They argued with Moscow for a major downward
revision of Ukraine's agricultural obligations for 1932.
M. Skrypnyk, Commissar of Education, in July 1932 recounted how, while
touring the Ukrainian countryside, he had heard from peasants that "we had
everything taken away from us but the broom." V. Chubar, head of the Ukrainian
government, insisted that neither the peasants nor his administration were at
fault for the agricultural crisis, but that it was due to the unrealistic plans
of Moscow.
Stalin did lower the amount of grain to be requisitioned in 1932 to 6.2
million tons, but this was still far above the capacities of the Ukraine in view
of that year's poor harvest — 14.6 tons.
Neither did Stalin relax the collectivization drive and, as a result,
agriculture was plagued by chaos. Millions of tons of grain were lost.
Tightening the noose
Moscow sent a special mission, accompanied by troops, to oversee the 1932
grain requisition.
Collective farms stopped distributing food to peasants. For example,
according to official statistics, only five per cent of collective farms in
Dnipropetrovsk province handed out food produce for days worked in 1932.
To prevent peasants from feeding themselves by taking collective farm
produce, a law was passed in August 1932 stipulating the death penalty, and
under exceptional circumstances, a ten-year sentence in labor camps for "theft
of socialist property." Thus, it was reported in the Soviet press (Visti,
10.11.1932) that the Dnipropetrovsk court had sentenced a group of hungry
peasants to the firing squad for the theft of a sack of wheat.
An obligatory delivery system was established for each collective farm.
The harvest was organized in the form of a military operation, with soldiers
guarding grain from the peasants. Officials and peasants who did not fulfill
their quotas were treated in accordance with the infamous August 1932 decree.
On 17 December 1932 regulations were tightened even further. A complete
economic blockade was ordered of villages that did not fulfil their obligations
to the state: all trade, all shipments of food and consumer goods, whatever
their source, were prohibited.
Officials, wrote Malcolm Muggeridge, "had gone over the country like a
swarm of locusts and taken away everything edible; they shot and exiled
thousands of peasants, sometimes whole villages; they have reduced some of the
most fertile land in the whole world to a melancholy desert."
Could have been avoided
The famine finally subsided in 1934, when the 1933 harvest was brought in.
This was because, in the spring of 1933, Moscow "lent" Ukraine seed grain.
Moscow also reduced the quantity of grain to be delivered to the state to five
million tons, about one-quarter of the 1933 harvest.
Soviet officials today deny that the famine took place, although they do
admit that there were problems due to drought.
If that was the case, then Ukraine should have suffered a famine in 1934,
not in 1932-33. The 1934 harvest was the worst in many years — 12.3 million
tons.
But there was no famine in 1934 because Stalin reduced the amount of grain
from existing stocks to feed the population. He could have done this in
1932-33, but he did not. Instead, he deliberately exported 1.7 million tons of
grain to the West to pay for industrial equipment.
The offers of international relief organizations to assist the starving in
Ukraine were rejected by the Soviet government on the grounds that there was no
famine, hence no need to aid its victims.
The borders of Ukraine were closely patrolled and starving Ukrainian
peasants were not allowed to cross into Russia in search of bread.
The toll:
How many millions perished?
Harry Lang, editor of the left-wing Jewish daily Forward, published in New
York, visited Ukraine in 1933 and was told by a high-ranking state official that
six million people had perished from the famine.
Other estimates range from 6.5 to 8.5 million. We will never know the
exact number.
We do know that according to the 1926 Soviet population census there were
31.2 million Ukrainians in the U.S.S.R. According to the 1939 Soviet census
this number had dropped by 3.1 million to 28.1 million. (There was no
emigration from the Soviet Ukraine in this period.) Over a 13-year period,
according to Soviet statistics, the number of Ukrainians had diminished by 11
per cent. The population of the U.S.S.R., on the other hand, increased by 16
per cent and the number of Russians by 28 per cent.
A national tragedy
When the Ukrainian peasantry was under attack in 1932-33, Ukrainian
political and cultural leaders sprang to their defense. Ewald Ammende, a German
eyewitness who analysed this question, wrote in 1936: "The widest circle of the
Ukrainian intelligentsia had entered the struggle: teachers, students, Soviet
officials, all thought it was their duty to protest against a further sucking
dry of their country.... The Soviet regime was faced by a united people, a
solid front, including everyone from the highest Soviet officials down to the
poorest peasants."
Ukrainian cultural and political leaders paid a heavy price for refusing to
become unwilling agents in the extermination of their own people.
In 1933, at the height of the famine, a massive purge was ordered in
Ukraine. As P. Postyshev, Stalin's henchman in Ukraine, pointed out, "almost
all people removed were arrested and put before the firing squad."
The purge continued virtually uninterrupted until 1938, claiming the lives
of 80 per cent of Ukraine's creative intelligentsia. Thousands of priests of
the Ukrainian Orthodox Church were killed, as were that church's 35 bishops.
The desire to stamp out a Ukrainian national consciousness was so extreme
that, according to the famous Russian composer, Dmitrii Shostakovich, several
hundred blind bandurysty — itinerant folk singers — were executed.
Hundreds of thousands of party members were shot. The purge was so
thorough that by 1938 not a single secretary of the Council of the People's
Commissars in Ukraine (the cabinet), not even a single deputy of Ukraine's
parliament, the Supreme Soviet, was left.
The purges were intended to deal a devastating blow to the existence of
Ukrainians as a nation. At the 20th Party Congress in 1956 Khrushchev said
Stalin had even considered deporting all Ukrainians to Siberia, but "there were
too many of them and there was no place to which to deport them."
With the famine and the purges, Stalin had come as close to destroying a
nation as his unrestrained power would permit.
<end>
http://www.ukar.org/famine07.htm
(Link active July 19, 2003. Archived locally as: ukar_famine07)
Stalin's Famine in Ukraine
MALCOLM MUGGERIDGE
UKRAINE FAMINE 1933
Special Edition issued by the
Ukrainian Canadian Committee
Edmonton Branch
October 14, 1983
"The novelty of this particular famine, what made it so diabolical, is that it
was the deliberate creation of a bureaucratic mind, without any consideration
whatever of the consequences of human suffering," Malcolm Muggeridge said.
He was talking about the genocidal famine that swept Ukraine in the winter on
1932 and the spring and summer of 1933.
Muggeridge was there that terrible winter and spring. As a correspondent for
the Manchester Guardian in Moscow, he was one of the few Western journalists who
circumvented Soviet restrictions and visited the famine regions and then
honestly reported what he had seen.
Marco Carynnyk talked to Muggeridge at his cottage in Sussex, England.
Why did you decide to write about the famine in Ukraine?
It was the big story in all our talks in Moscow. Everybody knew about it.
There was no question about that. Anyone you were talking to knew that there
was a terrible famine going on. Even in the Soviets' own pieces there were
somewhat disguised acknowledgements of great difficulties there.
I realized that that was the big story. I could also see that all the
correspondents in Moscow were distorting it.
Without making any kind of plans or asking for permission I just went and got a
ticket for Kiev and then went on to Rostov. The Soviet security is not as good
as people think it is. If you once duck it, you can go quite a long way. At
least you could in those days.
Going through the countryside by train one could sense the state of affairs.
Ukraine was starving, and you only had to venture out to smaller places to see
derelict fields and abandoned villages.
On one occasion, I was changing trains, and I went wandering around, and in one
of the trains in the station, the kulaks were being loaded onto the train, and
there were military men all along the platform.
I'll tell you another thing that's more difficult to convey, but it impressed me
enormously. It was on a Sunday in Kiev, and I went into the church there for
the Orthodox mass. I could understand very little of it, but there was some
spirit in it that I have never come across before or after. Human beings at the
end of their tether were saying to God, "We come to you, we're in trouble,
nobody by You can help us."
What were you thinking and, more importantly perhaps, what were you feeling when
you saw those scenes of starvation and privation in Ukraine? How does one
respond in such a situation?
First of all, one feels a deep, deep, deep sympathy with and pity for the
sufferers. Human beings look very tragic when they are starving. And remember
that I wasn't unaware of what things were like because in India, for instance,
I've been in a village during a cholera epidemic and seen people similarly
placed. So it wasn't a complete novelty.
The novelty of this particular famine, what made it so diabolical, is that it
was not the result of some catastrophe like a drought or an epidemic. It was
the deliberate creation of a bureaucratic mind which demanded the
collectivization of agriculture, immediately, as a purely theoretical
proposition, without any consideration whatever of the consequences in human
suffering.
That was what I found so terrifying. Think of a man in an office who has been
ordered to collectivize agriculture and get rid of the kulaks without any clear
notion or definition of what a kulak is, and who has in what was then the GPU
and is now the KGB the instrument for doing this, and who then announces it in
the slavish press as one of the great triumphs of the regime.
Given the deliberate nature of the famine in Ukraine, given the fact that food
continued to be stockpiled and exported even as people dropped dead on the
streets, is it accurate to talk about this as a famine? Is it perhaps something
else? How does one describe an event of such magnitude?
Perhaps you do need another word. I don't know what it would be. The word
‘famine' means people have nothing whatsoever to eat and consume things that are
not normally consumed. Of course there were stories of cannibalism there. I
don't know whether they were true, but they were very widely believed.
Certainly the eating of cattle and the consequent complete destruction of
whatever economy the farms still had was true.
I remember someone telling me how all manners and finesse disappeared. When
you're in the grip of a thing like this and you know that someone's got food,
you go and steal it. You'll even murder to get it. That's all part of the
horror.
How does one rank the famine of 1933 with other great catastrophes?
I think it's very difficult to make a table of comparison. What I would say
with complete truth and sincerity is that as a journalist over the last half
century I have seen some pretty awful things.
But the famine is the most terrible thing I have ever seen, precisely because of
the deliberation with which it was done and the total absence of any sympathy
with the people. To mention it or to sympathize with the people would mean to
go to the Gulag, because then you were criticizing the great Stalin's project
and indicating that you thought it a failure, when allegedly it was a stupendous
success and enormously strengthened the Soviet Union.
What sort of response did you encounter when you came back from the Soviet Union
and published your findings, particularly from people close to you, like the
Webbs.?
The Webbs were furious about it. Mrs. Webb in her diary puts in a sentence
which gives the whole show away. She says, "Malcolm has come back with stories
about a terrible famine in the USSR. I have been to see Mr. Maisky (the Soviet
ambassador in Britain) about it, and I realize that he's got it absolutely
wrong." Who would suppose that Mr. Maisky would say, "No, no, of course he's
right"?
You published Winter in Moscow when you got back from the Soviet Union, and you
were attacked in the press for your views.
Very strongly. And I couldn't get a job.
Why was that? Because people found your reports hard to believe?
No, the press was not overtly pro-Soviet, but it was, as it is now, essentially
sympathetic with that side and distrustful of any serious attack on it.
How do you explain this sympathy?
It's something I've written and thought about a great deal, and I think that the
liberal mind is attracted by this sort of regime. My wife's aunt was Beatrice
Webb, and she and Sidney Webb wrote the classic pro-Soviet book, Soviet
Communism: A New Civilization. And so one saw close at hand the degree to which
they all knew about the regime, knew all about the Cheka (the secret police) and
everything, but they liked it.
I think that those people believe in power. It was put to me very succinctly
when we were taken down to Kharkiv for the opening of the Dnieper dam. There
was an American colonel who was running it, building the dam in effect. "How do
you like it here?" I asked him, thinking that I'd get a wonderful blast of him
saying how he absolutely hated it. "I think it's wonderful," he said. "You
never get any labor trouble."
This will be one of the great puzzles of posterity in looking back on this age,
to understand why the liberal mind, the Manchester Guardian mind, the New
Republic mind, should feel such enormous sympathy with this authoritarian
regime.
You are implying that the liberal intelligentsia did not simply overlook the
regime's brutality, but actually admired and liked it.
Yes, I'm saying that, although they wouldn't have admitted it, perhaps not even
to themselves. I remember Mrs. Webb, who after all was a very cultivated
upper-class liberal-minded person, an early member of the Fabian Society and so
on, saying to me, "Yes, it's true, people disappear in Russia." She said it
with such great satisfaction that I couldn't help thinking that there were a lot
of people in England whose disappearance she would have liked to organize.
No, it's an everlasting mystery to me how one after the other, the
intelligentsia of the Western world, the Americans, the Germans, even the
French, fell for this thing to such an extraordinary degree.
<end>
HOME: http://www.ukar.org/index.shtml
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Jewishness of the Ukrainian Holocaust:
http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1996/219621.shtml
(Link active July 19, 2003. Archived locally as: 219621)
The Ukrainian Weekly, May 26, 1996, No. 21, Vol. LXIV
EXCERPT
"Let the chips fall where they may. The inordinate role played by Jews in
bringing Bolshevism to power is certainly a topic worthy of further
exploration."
FACES AND PLACES
by Myron B. Kuropas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ghostbusting in Ukraine
A funny thing. No sooner does my commentary on Communist ghosts appear in
The Ukrainian Weekly than Ukraine responds.
Any connection? In your dreams, Kuropas.
But it's reassuring to learn that 68 democrats in Ukraine's Parliament
have neither forgiven nor forgotten the ethnocide perpetrated by the
Bolsheviks against the Ukrainian people.
Led by Lev Lukianenko, Yevhen Proniuk and Les Taniuk, the 68
parliamentarians have established Nuremberg II. The purpose, reports
Chrystyna Lapychak in a May 6 story carried by the service UNIAR press, is
to organize a symbolic international trial on crimes committed by the
former Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of
Ukraine. "The legislators plan to use the caucus to collect evidence, hold
public hearings and conferences, and maintain links with parliaments of
other former Soviet republics," reads the release.
It's a brilliant move. Since it's probably unrealistic to assume that,
given the present dominance of the Communist nomenklatura, Ukraine will
soon, if ever, bring anyone to trial, it is at least possible to document
Ukraine's Bolshevik barbarism.
Ukraine needs to authenticate these historical antecedents in some formal
way. The recent past needs to be recorded in its entirety for three major
reasons:
1) to expose the bestial Bolshevik abominations in all their horror in the
hope that they will never be repeated (communism won't go away unless a
silver spike is driven through its wretched heart);
2) academics, both in Ukraine and elsewhere, seem to be shying away from
writing the truth about Ukraine's Bolshevik past;
3) Ukraine can no longer pretend that what transpired between 1920 and
1991 was a mere aberration in a long history. It wasn't. Before Ukraine
can be whole again, past realities, as painful as they may be, must be
addressed.
We in North America can assist Ukraine's ghostbusters in a number of ways.
Dr. Lev Dobriansky's proposal to establish a Holocaust-type museum that
could serve as a reminder of Communist malevolence is an idea worthy of
our support...
Publications in the English language are another way we in North America
can help. There are countless areas that could use the light of truth. We
could begin with the story behind the Russian Bolshevik invasion of
Ukraine, its forced incorporation into the USSR, and the subsequent
annihilation of hundreds of Ukraine's own nationally oriented Bolsheviks
as well as thousands of scholars, editors, teachers and others whose
loyalty to Ukraine superseded loyalty to Lenin and Stalin.
Let the chips fall where they may. The inordinate role played by Jews in
bringing Bolshevism to power is certainly a topic worthy of further
exploration.
Another aspect of this early Bolshevik period was the total destruction of
the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which resulted in Siberian
exile or death for thousands of priests and prelates. This history has yet
to be written.
The famine, of course, also requires further research. Yes, there already
are excellent publications on the famine, but we need more. There are
hundreds of books on the Jewish Holocaust. There should also be hundreds
of books on the Ukrainian famine, a malefaction that has no equal in world
history.
There are some excellent books on the killing fields of Vinnytsia as well,
but more documentation is required. We know that in 1943, approximately
9,000 Soviet citizens were found buried in mass graves in the Ukrainian
city of Vinnytsia. It was later established that they were executed by the
Bolsheviks during the years 1937 and 1938. Significantly, none of the
persons killed had been sentenced to death. "In cases where an official
conviction could be linked to a victim," writes Ihor Kamenetsky in "The
Tragedy of Vinnytsia," "either through documentary evidence or on the
basis of the testimony by relatives, the maximum sentence was a term of 10
years' confinement in a labor camp with the denial of the right to
correspondence."
There is also testimony available regarding Soviet butchery of Ukrainian
nationalists as the Germans were approaching the city of Lviv in June of
1941. Unable to evacuate the thousands of prisoners incarcerated following
the Soviet occupation of Galicia, thousands of Ukrainians were simply
massacred in their cells.
The destruction of the Ukrainian Catholic Church by Soviet authorities and
the murder and deportation of thousands of Ukrainian clergy and laity is
still another subject requiring more research. Members of the underground
Church are still alive and could provide excellent testimony.
There are other crimes, some hardly known or mentioned, that need to be
exposed by Nuremberg II and by others. We can't pretend that Bolshevism
was one, big, misguided but well-intentioned error. 'Mistakes" were made,
we are told by devotees of socialism, but the goal was an honorable one.
This is the kind of spin the Left in America is already putting on the
collapse of the Soviet Union.
In an article titled "Socialism Would Strengthen the Republic's
Economies," for example, Mike Davidow argues that it was not socialism
that destroyed the Soviet empire but "retrogression," which was largely
the result of "ideological disorientation." Socialism in the USSR
"constituted a higher state in the progress of mankind," he writes. Mr.
Davidow mourns the Soviet demise because the Bolsheviks played "a
progressive role on the world scene for seven decades" and had "a positive
influence on social development." Mr. Davidow and others like him are one
more reason for setting the record straight.
Once again our community has an obligation to remind the world that no
people, not even the Jews, suffered more during the 20th century than the
Ukrainians.... <end>
More on Bolshevism and the Jewish role in slaughtering Ukrainians etc.
http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~german/discuss/goldhagen/wagner.html
(Link active July 19, 2003. Archived locally as: goldhagen_wagner)
EXCERPT
Hitler's Willing Executioners, Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, by
Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996
by: Roland M. Wagner Ph.D., San Jose State University. June 23, 1996
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Understanding Goldhagen: his moral agenda
[...]
While Goldhagen is certainly correct that the Nazi propaganda ministry
demonized the Jews, he is overlooking a factor of great importance by
dismissing everything as being a mere "hallucination." Propaganda becomes
especially potent when it builds on elements of truth. The Nazis were able
to capitalize on the fact that many Jews did play important roles in the
Communist leadership, and Jews comprised a disproportionate number of the
local party officialdom in the Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, and other
areas. Peter Lawrence, in his article "Why Lithuania?" points out that in
Byelosrussia the Jews comprised about 8 percent of the population, and
while only 6.2 percent were members of the Communist party they comprised
23.2 percent of Party Committees at the district level. Nazi estimates for
the Soviet Union (cited on p. 49 in The Einsatzgruppen Reports edited by
Yitzhak Arad et al , 1989), were that the Jews comprised 1.77% of the
general population, 5.2% of the Communist party membership, 25.7% of the
party's Central Committee, and 36.8% of the Politburo, with the latter
percentage rising to 42.9% by the end of Lenin's era. In other words, Jews
had greater public visibility within the Communist bureaucracy, greatly
exceeding their percentage of the population....
Compounding the deadly intensity of this image, the Germans and the
peoples of Eastern Europe were well aware that the Soviet government had
launched ruthless pogroms of genocidal proportion against various ethnic
groups in the Soviet Union. World concern was aroused during the 1920s and
1930s when millions of Ukrainians and Volksdeutsch died as a result of the
deliberate Soviet policy to exterminate these ethnic groups through mass
starvation. The Ukrainians initially hailed the German troops as
liberators who would remove the Bolshevik yoke from their backs. Nazi
propaganda was relentless in its message: either victory, or total slavery
under the Jewish Bolsheviks.
While Goldhagen acknowledges on p. 393 the link drawn by the Nazi
propagandists between Bolshevism and World Zionism, he fails to emphasize
the crucial importance of this belief. Rather than focusing on how German
fears were aroused by rampant Communism in the east (an historically
specific, "situational" factor), he prefers to focus on the deep,
long-term historical roots of hallucinatory anti-Semitism, to which he
devotes an entire section of his book....
<end>
http://www.ajc.org/InTheMedia/PublicationsPrint.asp?did=131
(Link active July 19, 2003. Archived locally as: ajc_evasion)
The American Jewish Committee
EXCERPT
Russian Jewish Elites And Anti-Semitism
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Twice in their history, Russian Jews have been associated in the public
mind with the ruling elite. During the early period of Bolshevism, Jews
played prominent roles in the ruling Communist Party and in the economic,
cultural, and academic life of the young Soviet state. Then, after the
collapse of communism in 1991, Jews again achieved influential positions
in politics as well as in the private sector, especially the media...
On the other hand, the presence of Jews in the Russian elite is cause for
concern among Jews themselves, who fear a backlash of anti-Semitism. As
one Russian Jewish leader has explained, “People here have quite bitter
memories of the participation of Jews in the [Bolshevik] revolution.”
Jews in Soviet Elites, 1917-88
------------------------------------------------------------------------
... Jews flooded into Russia’s economic, political, and cultural life. At
the same time, in proportions quite exceeding their percentage in the
general population of the Russian Empire, they played a highly visible
role in various movements hostile to the existing order-as liberal critics
of the autocratic regime, as Marxists, or as active exponents of
revolutionary terrorism.
After the fall of czarism and the establishment of Bolshevik rule, legal
discrimination against minorities was ended. Scores of Jews became
prominently involved in the destruction of the old regime and the
construction of the new society. Among the first echelon of leaders of the
new Russia were a number of Jews and individuals of Jewish origin.
Outstanding among these were Lev Trotsky (Bronstein), Grigory Zinovyev
(Radomyslskiy), Lev Kamenev (Rosenfeld), Yakov Sverdlov. There were also
some Jews in the second echelon: Moisey Uritskiy, Adolf Yoffe, Karl Radek
(Sobelson), Grigory Sokolnikov (Briliant), Yuri Steklov (Nekhamkes). These
Jewish Bolsheviks were not especially interested in Jewish matters and in
fact were Jewish only by accident of birth or because they were so
identified in their papers.....
To some Russians it appeared that Jews had taken over the country. Given
the total absence of Jews in the bureaucracy before 1917, their presence
among the state and party leadership and their prominence in the Soviet
military and secret police during the first years of Bolshevik rule
confirmed this impression......
When in the mid-1920s Stalin mounted a campaign against his major
opponents inside the party-a group that was labeled the “left opposition”
and included such prominent Jewish Bolsheviks as Trotsky, Kamenev, and
Zinovyev-his propaganda was spiced with thinly veiled anti-Semitism. In
October 1926 Trotsky, Kamenev, and Zinovyev were deprived of all their
posts in the party’s upper echelon, marking the beginning of the end of
Jewish prominence within the Soviet political elite...<end>
http://www.ukar.org/shapov01.shtml
(Link active July 19, 2003. Archived locally as: shapov01)
EXCERPT
Terms of a truce: Were I authorized to represent the Ukrainian position in
negotiating with Jews a cessation of verbal hostilities, I might open with
"If you stop fabricating lies about us, we will stop disclosing the truth
about you."
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Prytulak Cheka-GPU-NKVD in Ukraine 25May98 Jewish conquest of the
Slavs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Shapoval volume, then, provides us with one such reason why some
Ukrainian anti-Semitism might exist. The reason is that Ukrainians have
been aware of the Jewish domination of the experiment in government
through mass murder which went under the name of "Communism," and in which
experiment Ukrainians more than any other peoples have been conscripted
into playing the role of guinea pigs.
Jewish Conquest of the Slavs
The Shapoval volume. The analyses that I present below are based on
information in the following book written in Ukrainian, with some of its
documentation presented in Russian:
Yuri Shapoval, Volodymyr Prystaiko, and Vadym Zolotariov, Cheka-GPU-NKVD
in Ukraine: People, Facts, Documents, Abris, Kyiv, 1997.
For the sake of brevity, I will refer to the above book as "the Shapoval
volume."
Sponsorship. It is possibly highly significant that this book was
sponsored by the following:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
M. S. Hrushevsky Institute
of Ukrainian Archaeography and Fontology
Security Service of Ukraine
----------------------------
Nationalities in the Cheka-GPU-NKVD. One may summarize my chief finding
with this succinct approximation:
Out of every 10 senior members
of the Cheka-GPU-NKVD in Ukraine:
6 were Jewish,
2 were Russian,
1 was Ukrainian, and
1 was other.
Latvians. Latvians led in the "other" category. More specifically:
NATIONALITY NUMBER INVOLVED PERCENTAGE
Jewish=92 + Father Jewish=1 93 58.1
Russian 34 21.3
Ukrainian 15 9.4
Latvian (M)=6 + (F)=1 7 4.4
Belarusian 3 1.9
Polish 2 1.3
Polish/German 1 .6
Armenian 1 .6
Georgian 1 .6
German 1 .6
Lithuanian 1 .6
Moldovan 1 .6
Total known nationality 160 100
Unknown nationality 23
Total 183
Almost no mixed parentage. Given that the authors noted the instance in
which only the father was Jewish, it would appear that there are no other
instances of known mixed parentage in this sample.
Almost no females. In Ukrainian, the word for "a Latvian person" comes in
masculine and feminine versions, and thus it was possible to note upon no
more than seeing their nationality stated that six of the Latvians were
male and one female. But as all the other nationality names also come in
two versions, then it would also have been possible to note the presence
of a female in them as well, which however I failed to do. Thus, in the
sample of 160 for which nationalities were specified, there appears to be
only a single female. The Cheka-GPU-NKVD in Ukraine, then, appears to
have been a male-dominated occupation.
Possible under-estimate of Jewish participation. The "Polish/German"
above refers to a single official who was inconsistent in identifying his
nationality on various documents, sometimes stating Polish and sometimes
German. Two possibilities come to mind: first, that neither of these is
his true nationality; second, that other officials may have misrepresented
their nationality more consistently and thus avoided detection. More
specifically, as Jews commonly assumed non-Jewish names and concealed
their Jewish identity, it is possible that the above statistics constitute
an under-estimate of Jewish presence in the Cheka-GPU-NKVD.
The Shapoval volume offers some evidence in confirmation of this
hypothesis. That is, in listing the names of the 183 Cheka-GPU-NKVD
officials, when the official used more than one name or changed his name,
Shapoval included the aliases in parentheses. The number of names
containing parentheses was 20. Of these, 14 were Jewish, 3 Latvian, 1
Russian, 1 German, and 1 unknown. Thus, it would appear that the changing
of names was overwhelmingly a Jewish phenomenon. Furthermore, my
impression is that the name changes tended to be in the direction of
making the names less Jewish and more Slavic, though as this conclusion
requires the exercise of judgment, and as in several cases I did not trust
my judgment, I do not here quantify the direction of the name changes.
Four examples of names that seemed to go from Jewish to Slavic were:
EARLIER JEWISH NAME LATER SLAVIC NAME
Holovanivskyi Bernard Volfovych Kozelskyi Borys Volodymyrovych
Podolsky Davyd Vulfovych Orlov Danylo Volodymyrovych
Izrail Moiseiovych Radzivilovskyi Oleksandr Pavlovych
Rosenbardt Abram Borysovych Rozanov Oleksandr Borysovych
Declining to guess nationality from name? Among the 23 for whom
nationality was not specified, I noticed a few cases in which nationality
might be inferred from the name alone. For example, although no
nationality was specified for Solomon Isaakovych Goldman, one might
venture to guess that he is more likely Jewish than Russian or Ukrainian.
I conclude that either the authors had independent evidence concerning
Goldman's nationality but failed to specify it as an oversight, or else
that they had insufficient biographical data to infer nationality, and
followed the general rule of declining to do so from name only. Of course
if the Shapoval authors declined to guess that Solomon Isaakovych Goldman
was Jewish, then I decline to do so as well, leaving him uncategorized
with respect to nationality.
[...]
A minor paradox resolved. It should go without saying that even if the
Communist Revolution was controlled mostly by Jews, it does not follow
that most Jews were either Communists or revolutionaries. Rather, many
writers go out of their way to comment that only a minority of Jews
supported Bolshevism, most were indifferent, and some opposed it. Thus,
although in the first of the pair of quotations below, we see Hilaire
Belloc unequivocally placing responsibility for the Russian Revolution at
the feet of the Jews, yet in the second of the pair of quotations we find
him unequivocally exonerating Jews in general from blame — a seeming
paradox which a little thought demonstrates contains no contradiction:
It was the pure despotism of a clique, the leaders of which had been
specially launched upon Russia under German direction in order to break
down any chance of a revival of Russian military power, and all those
leaders, without exception, were Jews, or held by the Jews through their
domestic relations, and all that followed was done directly under the
orders of Jews, the most prominent of whom was one Braunstein, who
disguised himself under the assumed name of Trotsky. A terror was set up,
under which were massacred innumerable Russians of the governing classes,
so that the whole framework of the Russian State disappeared. Among
these, of course, must specially be noted great numbers of the clergy,
against whom the Jewish revolutionaries had a particular grudge. A clean
sweep was made of all the old social organization, and under the despotism
of this Jewish clique the old economic order was reversed.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Hilaire Belloc, The Jews, 1937, p. 58)
For the Bolshevist movement, or rather explosion, was Jewish.
That truth may be so easily confused with a falsehood that I must, at the
outset, make it exact and clear.
The Bolshevist Movement was a Jewish movement, but not a movement of the
Jewish race as a whole. Most Jews were quite extraneous to it; very many
indeed, and those of the most typical, abhor it; many actively combat it.
The imputation of its evils to the Jews as a whole is a grave injustice
and proceeds from a confusion of thought whereof I, at any rate, am free.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Hilaire Belloc, The Jews, 1937, p. 55)
Jews present obstacle to the rule of law in Ukraine. One of Ukraine's
most pressing needs today is to demonstrate the rule of law by punishing
the most egregious violations of the law — namely torture, murder,
genocide. To the degree that the number of the guilty and the weakness of
the law make this unfeasible, Ukraine then needs more than anything else
to at least implement a Truth and Reconciliation Commission paralleling
the Truth and Reconciliation Commission so wisely instituted in South
Africa. However, there is one huge obstacle standing in the way either of
the punishment of the guilty or of inducing them to confess. That
obstacle is that a disproportionate number of the accused, or of those
revealed to have committed crimes, might turn out to be Jews, with the
result that Ukraine would be portrayed by a mindless world press as having
gone on an anti-Semitic rampage. Thus, one way that Jews continue to harm
Ukraine today is by standing in the way of Ukraine demonstrating the power
of its law to bring its torturers and its butchers to account, or the
power of its righteousness to command its torturers and its butchers to at
least confess....
.... The Shapoval volume provides us with one such reason why some
Ukrainian anti-Semitism might exist. The reason is that Ukrainians have
been aware of the Jewish domination of the experiment in government
through mass murder which went under the name of "Communism," and in which
experiment Ukrainians more than any other peoples have been conscripted
into playing the role of guinea pigs.
Terms of a truce. Were I authorized to represent the Ukrainian position
in negotiating with Jews a cessation of verbal hostilities, I might open
with "If you stop fabricating lies about us, we will stop disclosing the
truth about you."
<END>
Also see:
Jewish led "Soviets" had a Holocaust against 7,000,000 Gentile Ukrainians as
documented in these archives:
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/alt.politics.nationalism.white/msg/82690dc707209771
Subject: Ghostbusting in Ukraine -- Inordinate Role Jews Had in Ukrainian
Ethnocide T_0201
Date: 1 Feb 2005 18:52:33 GMT
Message-ID: <j4jvv0pf79pseq5do...@4ax.com>
--------------------------------------------------------
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/alt.politics.nationalism.white/msg/a7c4e4c01ddfdb7b
Subject: "Holocaust" History -- Have you ever wondered why Ukrainians
volunteered for guard duty? T_0202
Date: Wed, 02 Feb 2005 11:53:02 -0600
Message-ID: <nv3201hfkij06mroe...@4ax.com>
--------------------------------------------------------
Founders of "Sovietism" aka the Communist Totalitarian State:
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.conspiracy/msg/577351743cb33adf
Subject: V3.0f Forefathers of the Soviet State and Anti-Christ Communism V2-5
Message-ID: <tarif15bfg5rr03vm...@4ax.com>
Date: 10 Aug 2005 03:26:18 GMT
--------------------------------------------------------
Who was spreading "Sovietism" to Europe:
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/alt.revisionism/msg/ff8d0e8a55137708
Subject: A Munich Soviet Established by Jews Before Nazism's Rise V3-0 T_0625
Message-ID: <6enub1tt0b5865men...@4ax.com>
Date: 27 Jun 2005 02:10:28 GMT
--------------------------------------------------------
Who were generally regarded as "Soviets":
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/alt.politics.nationalism.white/msg/38001f94283e1e63
Subject: Soviets (Communists) Were Jews as Proven by BOOLEAN Operands (Classic
Repost from 3-31-2000) Abridged Version R_0516
Message-ID: <ek19cv4ei9cf2nrvu...@4ax.com>
Date: 16 May 2003 06:36:09 GMT
EXCERPT:
Lucy S. Dawidowicz
THE WAR AGAINST THE JEWS 1933-1945
by Bantam Books Incorporated (#13084-6, 1979 ed).
The book's "Acknowledgments" starts with: "This book had its genesis in a
course I developed at the suggestion of Rabbi David Mirsky, Dean of Stern
College for Women, Yeshiva University [New York, New York 10033-3201 -- I added
the address- it was not in the original text. Tavish]. ...I am indebted to the
Yivo Institute for Jewish Research, the Blaustein Library of the American Jewish
Committee..."
On page 377: "Exploiting the superstitious anti-Semitic prejudices of the
Lithuanians, the Balts, and Ukrainians and activating their accumulated hatred
for the Soviets, the Germans harnessed the violent energies of these willing
collaborates to round up and kill Jews."
-> I now ask- How could the people named above have been anti-Semitic towards
the Soviets if they weren't Jews? The Ukrainians as well as others knew who
wrought the communist menace on their Motherland and it was Jews!
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/alt.conspiracy/msg/87d1cf751ad2de2a
Subject: Goldhagen Vs Dawidowicz -- Anti-Semitism of Ukrainians Etc. Toward
Soviets Date: Fri, 24 Jun 2005 17:35:02 -0500
Message-ID: <i62pb1ljc0j2r73ir...@4ax.com>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tavish
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.politics.nationalism.white/msg/f673e2d73f7adf66?fwc=2
Subject: Socialism Imported Into America, Canada, Rumania, Hungary, Poland,
Germany, Ukraine, Palestine (Israel) Etc. by Jews (In Their Own Words People!)
Message-ID: <ukgme1prrd96hrj6m...@4ax.com>
Date: 30 Jul 2005 09:06:03 GMT
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.politics.nationalism.white/msg/19aa9b3670e69d1d?fwc=1
Subject: Solzhenitsyn Book Infuriates Russian Jews R_0627
Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2003 13:37:17 -0500
Message-ID: <b43pfv0nt84g1ee65...@4ax.com>
The Holocaust against non-jews continues!
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.politics.nationalism.white/msg/2737c3f9e9a137a2?fwc=2
Subject: 3 Major Jewish Organizations Engage in Holocaust Denial in Addition to
Their anti-Christic Christ Denial anti-Christism V5.1 T_0729
Message-ID: <brcke1lh0s6qacohs...@4ax.com>
Date: 29 Jul 2005 14:04:24 GMT
If Jews are allowed to call a historic event a "Holocaust" based on Jews being
tortured, imprisoned, and executed by Nazis then why can't Christians claim Jews
had "Holocausts" against non-Jews/Christians seeing how the 1st Century
Pharisees and the 20th Century Jewish led Bolshevists tortured, imprisoned, and
executed Christians/non-Jews. Jews also deny these other "Holocausts" so going
by their standards they are "Holocaust Deniers" and should be prosecuted for
"Holocaust Denial" and "Minimalizing the Holocaust[s])" as well!
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/alt.politics.nationalism.white/msg/ed596bea483952b6?fwc=2
Subject: Post-Soviet Religion (What Communists did to Christians) V3-0 T_0625
Message-ID: <4plub1hmr6bnr2mpl...@4ax.com>
Date: 27 Jun 2005 02:00:38 GMT
_______________________________________________________________________________
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