Java is not the only language capable of running against mobile
browsers. The .NET bindings, for example, have a dedicated
AndroidDriver. I'm also quite sure there are people who have run tests
on the iPhone using C# (hi, Luke!).
As with all of the drivers that use the wire protocol, if you have the
server component that acts as an HTTP server that understands the
protocol, all you need do is use your language binding's equivalent of
RemoteWebDriver, and it should work. For Android, the server component
takes the form of an Android application. Similarly, for iOS devices,
there is an application that you can install[1] acting as a server to
which your client code can connect.
I've oversimplified things here a bit, but the gist of the situation
should be clear. I'm sure one of the other, more involved committers
will speak up if I've got it wrong.
--Jim
[1] My understanding is that the apps you need here can be added to
the device only through the Xcode development environment under a
provisioning profile. I don't mean to imply you can go to the iPhone
or Android app store and simply install the server application.