Attached herewith are entries from CIABASE relative to U.S. Government, especially CIA, with events in and around Colombia. Due to the size of the file it was not possible to lower case the entries. Ralph McGehee http://come.to/CIABASE ACADEMIA 56-96 BY MID-62 BISSELL WAS PRESIDENT OF THE INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSIS, A THINK TANK FORMED BY A DOZEN UNIVERSITIES TO RECRUIT SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF WEAPONS SYSTEMS. IDA BEGAN AT REQUEST OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE IN 1956. IT DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE INCREASED INTERACTION BETWEEN UNIVERSITY SCIENTISTS AND ANALYSTS OF THE OFFICE OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF. 5 OF NATION'S LEADING UNIVERSITIES, CAL TECH, CASE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MIT, STANFORD U AND TULANE U LATER WERE JOINED BY COLOMBIA, U OF MICHIGAN, PENNSYLVANIA STATE U, U OF CHICAGO AND THE U OF CALIFORNIA. THEY TO ADVISE RE WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT. BISSEL, R. (1996). REFLECTIONS OF A COLD WARRIOR 204-27 93 ARTICLE BY SARA CUTLER, "THE NATIONAL SECURITY ACADEMIC NETWORK." ARTICLE NOTES THAT AMONG THOSE URGING A PRESIDENT TO INITIATE WAR ARE ALWAYS THE USIP, THE COMMITTEE ON LAW AND NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION, COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, AND THE COMMITTEE ON THE PRESENT DANGER. OVERLAPPING MEMBERSHIP IS A CROSS SECTION OF U.S. ELITES WITH INFLUENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION. INFLUENCE EXERCISED THROUGH A NET OF NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES PROGRAMS. CONCEPT DEVELOPED BY THE NATIONAL STRATEGY INFO CENTER (NSIC), FOUNDED IN 62 AND A PRODUCT OF THE ABA'S STANDING COMMITTEE ON LAW AND NATIONAL SECURITY SET UP BY TERRY SANFORD - THEN PRESIDENT OF DUKE U. ROY GODSON, ASSOCIATED WITH NSIC HEADED CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES (CSIS) WHEN IT PART OF GEORGETOWN. IN 79, NSIC SET UP CONSORTIUM FOR THE STUDY OF INTEL (CSI) THAT PRODUCED 8 VOLUME STUDY ON INTEL NEEDS. FRANK TRAGER OF NYU HELD SUMMER SEMINARS AT U. OF COLORADO FOR UNIVERSITY FACULTY. PROF RICHARD SCHULTZ TO REVISE THE EDUCATION POLICY. SCHULTZ DIRECTS INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES AT FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY AT TUFTS U. USES 35 DIRECTORS OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES FROM AROUND COUNTRY. IN 91 NSIC ASSIGNED COLOMBIA AND FLETCHER TO DO A 3 YEAR REVIEW OF SECURITY CURRICULUM. INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES COORDINATES ALL THIS. A LIST OF ELITE'S WHO ATTENDED A CONFERENCE AT STANFORD. INSTITUTE OF WORLD POLITICS DISCUSSED - THE UNITED STATES INSTITUTE FOR PEACE THAT HAS A FORMAL RELATIONSHIP WITH CIA - NAMES MEMBERS. UNCLASSIFIED 7/93 15-7 COLOMBIA, 86 NED/NRI ASSISTING INSTITUCION UNIVERSITARIA SERGIO ABROLEDA IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT RE IDEOLOGY OF FREEDOM. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 1986 34 COLOMBIA, 86 RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF STATE U OF NEW YORK (SUNY), TO ASSIST UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES, IN INITIATING "PROGRAM FOR DEMOCRACY IN LATIN AMERICA: COLOMBIAN CASE." NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 1986 34 COLOMBIA, 88 NED/NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK TO FUND UNIVERSITY OF LOS ANDES IN ITS PROJECT ON COLOMBIAN DEMOCRACY. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 88 36 COLOMBIA, 91 NED, STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO, ENABLE UNIVERSITY OF LOS ANDES IN BOGOTA CONDUCT "PROGRAM ON LATIN AMERICAN DEMOCRACY: THE CASE OF COLOMBIA." $55,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 91 58 COLUMBIA, 89 NED, RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, FOR DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LOS ANDES IN ITS CONTINUING EFFORT TO STRENGTHEN DEMOCRACY IN COLOMBIA. $50.000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 89 31 AGENT COLOMBIA, 96 ON 4/15/96, SPANISH WEEKLY, "CAMBIO 16" RAN AN INTERVIEW WITH "JUAN," AN ANONYMOUS U.S. DEA AGENT WITH DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF DEA AND CIA COVERT OPS IN COLOMBIA. ON 1/11/96, THE NUMBER 3 MAN OF THE CALI DRUG CARTEL, JOSE SANTACRUZ LONDONO, ESCAPED FROM THE ILAMADA LA PICOTA HIGH-SECURITY PRISON. LATER THAT MONTH, "JUAN" CONTACTED "CAMBIO 16" AND RECORDED THE INTERVIEW JUST PUBLISHED, STATING TWO OF LONDONO'S ASSOCIATES WERE CIA AGENTS WHO HELPED HIM ESCAPE AS PART OF A CIA PLAN TO DISCREDIT THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT ERNESTO SAMPER. THAT PART OF THE OPERATION WORKED. HOWEVER, "JUAN" SAID THAT IF LONDONO DIDN'T FOLLOW HIS ASSOCIATES ADVICE AND GO TO PANAMA (WHERE THE DEA PLANNED TO SECRETLY CAPTURE HIM AND TAKE HIM TO THE U.S. FOR TRIAL), AND IF HE INSISTED ON GOING TO ANOTHER COUNTRY OR STAYING IN COLOMBIA, HE'S A DEAD MAN. INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 4/29/96 66 AIR OP COLOMBIA, 99 A U.S. ARMY RECONNAISSANCE PLANE ON AN ANTI-NARCOTICS MISSION WAS REPORTED MISSING IN COLOMBIA WITH FIVE AMERICAN SOLDIERS AND TWO COLOMBIANS. PLANE APPARENTLY WAS ON A MISSION TO TAKE PICTURES OF COCA CULTIVATION AND SCOUT FOR COCAINE-PRODUCING LABORATORIES. A SEARCH OVER TERRAIN HEAVILY POPULATED BY MARXIST-LED GUERRILLAS, FAILED TO PRODUCE ANY SIGN OF THE DE HAVILLAND RC-7. IT WAS THE FIRST REPORTED DISAPPEARANCE OF U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL IN COLOMBIA, DESPITE YEARS OF CLOSE COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PENTAGON AND COLOMBIAN AUTHORITIES. GROUND FIRE OVER THIS AREA OF COLOMBIA'S POWERFUL INSURGENT GROUPS HAS POSED A THREAT TO AMERICAN PATROL AIRCRAFT. HOSTILE ACTION HAS BROUGHT DOWN COLOMBIAN AIR CREWS AND PRIVATE AMERICAN PILOTS WHO, WORKING ON CONTRACT FOR THE U.S., FLY CROP DUSTERS ON FUMIGATION RUNS TO ERADICATE DRUG CROPS. COLOMBIA IS SLATED TO RECEIVE $300 MILLION IN U.S. COUNTER-DRUG AID THIS YEAR, MAKING IT THE THIRD-LARGEST MILITARY AID RECIPIENT AFTER ISRAEL AND EGYPT. THE PENTAGON HAS SOUGHT TO LIMIT U.S. ASSISTANCE TO ANTI-NARCOTICS OPS, BUT PRESSURE HAS GROWN TO ASSIST COLOMBIAN AUTHORITIES IN THEIR BATTLE AGAINST THE GUERRILLAS. FOUR MONTHS AGO, WE EXPANDED OUR INTEL SHARING, FEARING THE GOVT MAY BE LOSING ITS COUNTERINSURGENCY WAR. THE NEW GUIDELINES AUTHORIZED FOR THE FIRST TIME THE SHARING OF SENSITIVE, REAL-TIME INTEL ON THE GUERRILLAS WITH THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY. THE FOUR-ENGINE RC-7 IS A VERSATILE INTEL-GATHERING AIRCRAFT, SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO BE DEPLOYED ABROAD FOR SEVEN TO 10 DAYS WITHOUT MUCH GROUND SUPPORT. THE PLANE FLIES AT AN ALTITUDE THAT CAN VARY FROM 6,000 FEET TO 25,000 FEET DEPENDING ON WHETHER THE MISSION IS PRIMARILY COLLECTING IMAGES OR LISTENING IN ON COMMUNICATIONS. WASHINGTON POST 7/24/99 A1 AIRLINE NICARAGUA, 86 10/5/86 A C-123 TRANSPORT PLANE LEFT ILOPANGO IN EL SALVADOR AND SHOT DOWN OVER NICARAGUA. HASENFUS DID NOT DIE IN CRASH. THIS C-123 HAD ONCE BEEN A DRUG-RUNNING PLANE USED BY BARRY SEAL. PLANE WAS PURCHASED BY SATCO FROM HARRY DOAN, OWNER OF DOAN AIR SERVICES IN DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA. IT HAD BEEN USED TO ATTEMPT TO IMPLICATE SANDINISTAS IN DRUG TRAFFIC. PHOTOS RELEASED BY OLIVER NORTH TO WASHINGTON TIMES - SIGNED BARRY SEAL'S DEATH WARRANT. HE KILLED ON 2/19/86 IN BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA - BY COLOMBIAN DRUG HIT MEN. TERRELL, J., AND MARTZ, R. (1992). DISPOSABLE PATRIOT 372 REAGAN ADM OFFICIALS REPEATEDLY UNDERCUT LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AGAINST COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS BECAUSE ADM PLACED HIGHER PRIORITY ON OPPOSING NICARAGUA AND ON OTHER FOREIGN POLICY GOALS, ACCORDING TO SENATE REPORT RELEASED YESTERDAY BY SEN JOHN KERRY (D MASS). ACCORDING TO REPORT 4 COMPANIES THAT RECVD $800,401 FROM THE DOS (STATE) IN 86 TO SUPPLY THE CONTRAS WERE "OWNED AND OPERATED" BY NARCOTICS TRAFFICKERS. SETCO AIR A HONDURAS AIR CHARTER COMPANY WAS EST BY BALLESTEROS, A TOP CARTEL TRAFFICKER. RICHARD BRENNEKE, A CONTRA-ACCUSER, NEVER HAD THE CIA CONNECTIONS HE CLAIMED AND WAS UNRELIABLE. WASHINGTON POST 4/14/89 A20 ASSASSINATIONS 96 ASSASSINATION WAS ONCE A COMMONPLACE - IF UNACKNOWLEDGED - TOOL OF U.S. LEADERS. ASSASSINATIONS WERE PRACTICED USUALLY AT LOWER LEVELS, AGAINST COMMUNIST OR SUSPECTED COMMUNIST AGITATORS IN THE THIRD WORLD. IN INDONESIA, THE CIA HELPED ORGANIZE "HIT SQUADS" TO TAKE OUT ANTI-SUKARNO RADICALS. IN PANAMA, THE UNITED STATES HAD AN ASSASSINATION PLAN CODE-NAMED "KEY CITIES," WHICH, IN THE EVENT OF AN ANTI-U.S. COUP, CALLED FOR GREEN BERETS TO "ELIMINATE LEFT-WING POLITICIANS, LABOR LEADERS, KNOWN COMMUNISTS, AND MARXIST REPORTERS," ACCORDING TO FORMER SPECIAL FORCES CAPT. BUDGE WILLIAMS, WHO WORKED ON THE PROGRAM. BY END OF 60S AMERICA'S ENTHUSIASM FOR COVERT ACTION WAS WANING. WHEN BUDGE WILLIAMS AND TWO OTHER GREEN BERETS EXECUTED A SUSPECTED NORTH VIETNAMESE SPY IN 1969, THEY WERE ARRESTED AND CHARGED WITH MURDER. BUT 15 YEARS OF TERRORIST ATTACKS HAVE PROVOKED NOSTALGIA FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION. THE U.S. NEVER GAVE UP ITS CAPABILITY TO ASSASSINATE. AFTER THE 444-DAY IRANIAN HOSTAGE ORDEAL, THE UNITED STATES GOT SERIOUS ABOUT ITS COMMANDO UNITS. DELTA TEAMS, NAVY SEALS, AIR COMMANDOS, AND ARMY GREEN BERETS - WERE RETOOLED TO HANDLE A WIDER RANGE OF MISSIONS, INCLUDING "SNATCHES" AND ASSASSINATIONS OF TERRORISTS. IN 1991, "I SAW A VIDEOTAPE PRESENTATION THAT OUTLINES U.S. CAPABILITIES - BY DEEP-LEVEL GREEN BERET UNITS - TO CARRY OUT ASSASSINATION," SAYS A FORMER CIA OFFICER, WHO APPROVES OF HAVING THE CAPABILITY. A U.S .MARINE EXPLOSIVES EXPERT, SAYS HE WAS PART OF THE U.S.-COLOMBIAN TEAM THAT TRACKED DOWN AND KILLED NARCO-TERRORIST PABLO ESCOBAR IN 1994. DURING DESERT STORM, "WE ACTIVELY SOUGHT SADDAM" HUSSEIN, SAID A FORMER CIA OFFICER. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MISSION, WHICH APPARENTLY FAILED TO GET CLOSE ENOUGH TO THE IRAQI PRESIDENT TO KILL HIM, WAS IN THE HANDS OF A PARAMILITARY UNIT IN THE CIA'S DIRECTORATE OF OPERATIONS, HE SAYS. U.S. ASSASSINS WERE DEPLOYED IN SOMALIA AND PANAMA, TOO, TWO FORMER CIA OFFICERS SAID, UNDERSCORING THAT THEY WERE PART OF A MILITARY OPERATION. FORMER CIA OFFICER LARRY JOHNSON FAVORS PRESENTING LIBYA WITH A DEADLINE TO TURN OVER TWO MEN SUSPECTED OF BOMBING PAN AM 103. IF IT PASSES WITHOUT AN ACCEPTABLE RESPONSE, WE SHOULD TAKE STRONG DIPLOMATIC AND THEN MILITARY ACTION. THE LAST ATTACK ON LIBYA, DURING THE REAGAN ADMINISTRATION, "QUIETED THEM DOWN," HE SAID. JEFF STEIN THE BALTIMORE SUN 8/4/96 NICARAGUA, 86 JACK TERRELL HAD BEEN PRO-CONTRA MERCENARY ASSOCIATED WITH CIVILIAN MILITARY ASSISTANCE (CMA). BECAME DISILLUSIONED, THREATENED TESTIFY HE USED CMA AS COVER FROM WHICH TO CARRY OUT CIA-SPONSORED ASSASSINATIONS. ICA 112. CMA ACCUSED OF PLOT TO ASSASSINATE U.S. AMBASSADOR TO COSTA RICA LEWIS TAMBS FOR REWARD OFFERED BY COLOMBIAN DRUG LORD. ASSASSINATION TO BE BLAMED ON SANDINISTAS. IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR. (CONGRESS COMMITTEES) 106 BOOK 69-95 BOOK SAYS CLINTON HAD CIA TIES. "PARTNERS IN POWER: THE CLINTONS AND THEIR AMERICA," BY ROGER MORRIS WHO RESIGNED FROM NIXON'S NSC TO PROTEST THE VIETNAM WAR, SAYS BILL CLINTON WAS AN INFORMANT FOR CIA, PAID TO REPORT ANTI-WAR ACTIVITIES IN LONDON. CLINTON'S CONNECTION TO THE CIA CONTINUED THROUGH HIS TENURE AS GOVERNOR OF ARKANSAS. CLINTON ONCE ENCOURAGED HIS FAVORITE SECURITY OFFICER TO WORK FOR THE CIA IN SUPPORT OF A PROGRAM OF FLYING AID TO THE NICARAGUAN CONTRAS OUT OF MENA ARKANSAS. MARK FABIANI, THE PRESIDENT'S SPECIAL ASSOCIATE COUNSEL, SAID THE ALLEGATIONS ARE "BIZARRE AND THEY SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES." MORRIS WRITES THAT SEVERAL CIA OFFICERS HE KNOWS DO NOT BELIEVE THAT MR. CLINTON BECAME AN AGENCY ASSET BUT OTHERS, WHOM HE BELIEVES TO BE "MORE PLAUSIBLE," SAY HE WAS. MENA OP WAS A MAJOR CONDUIT FOR COCAINE SHIPMENTS FROM COLOMBIA'S MEDELLIN DRUG CARTEL, AND ITS DISTRIBUTORS IN ARKANSAS INCLUDED ROGER CLINTON, CLINTON'S HALF-BROTHER. THE MENA OP WAS "A MULTIBILLION GUN-RUNNING, DRUG-SMUGGLING AND MONEY-LAUNDERING OP, AN ENORMOUS CRIMINAL TRAFFIC CARRIED ON FOR AT LEAST FIVE YEARS WITH THE COLLUSION OF ORGANIZED CRIME, THE CIA, AND OTHER WASHINGTON INSTITUTIONS." CLINTON'S TIES TO THE INTEL COMMUNITY GO BACK ALL THE WAY TO OXFORD, SAYS A FORMER OFFICIAL WHO CLAIMS TO HAVE SEEN FILES LONG SINCE DESTROYED. "ONE MORE CIA RETIREE WOULD RECALL GOING THROUGH ARCHIVES OF OP CHAOS -- PART OF AN CIA PURGE AMID THE LOOMING CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MID-1970S--AND SEEING BILL CLINTON LISTED, ALONG WITH OTHERS, AS A FORMER INFORMANT. "HE WAS THERE IN THE RECORDS." WASHINGTON TIMES 6/24/96 A1,10 MEXICO. CIA BEHIND TRILLAN, LETRAS, LIBROS MEXICANOS UNIDOS. ROBLE, DIANA AND NOVARO PUBLISHERS; FRONT PUBLISHERS IN ARGENTINA ARE ATLANTICAO, AGORAS AND TROCAL; IN COLOMBIA ALBON; IN CHILE, ORBE. TARASOV, K., & ZUBENKO, V. (1984). THE CIA IN LATIN AMERICA 25-6 BOOK REVIEW 59-98 A REVIEW OF ANGUS MACKENZIE'S "SECRETS: THE CIA'S WAR AT HOME. REVIEW BY STUART H. LOORY OF THE U. OF MISSOURI SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM. COLOMBIA JOURNALISM REVIEW MARCH/APR 98 56-7 81-94 MENA, ARKANSAS, AIRPORT, BARRY SEAL, RICH MOUNTAIN AVIATION - AIRCRAFT REFURBISHMENT, STATE POLICE INVESTIGATOR RUSSELL WELCH, TESTIMONY RE DRUG KINGPIN CARLOS LEHDER; TWO DRUG RUNS TO NICARAGUA IN WHICH CIA INSTALLED A CAMERA; FED HAMPTON, OWNER OF RICH AVIATION; NELLA, ARKANSAS; IRD INVESTIGATOR WILLIAM DUNCAN; SEAL KILLED BY 3 COLOMBIAN HIT MEN IN BATON ROUGE, LA; SEAL'S CARGO PLANE SHOT DOWN OVER NICARAGUA WITH EUGENE HASENFUS; CHARLES BLACK A COUNTY PROSECUTOR; JOHN PODESTA; GAO OPENED PROBE IN 4/88 THAT SHUT DOWN BY NSC IN 4 MONTHS; CONGRESSIONAL INQUIRIES DIED; ARKANSAS AG WINSTON BRYANT PROVIDED WALSH WITH EVIDENCE RE GUNRUNNINGS, ETC; NEW BOOK "COMPROMISED" BY AUTHORS TERRY REED, AND JOHN CUMMINGS, CLAIMS THAT GOVERNOR CLINTON AND HIS INNER CIRCLE, WITH COL. NORTH INVOLVED IN A CONSPIRACY SMUGGLING COCAINE AND LAUNDERING FUNDS VIA ARKANSAS BANKS. LITTLE HARD EVIDENCE TO BACK UP CLAIMS. ARTICLE MENTIONS LITTLE ROCK BOND DEALER AND CLINTON SUPPORTER DAN LASATER WHO CHARGED IN 10/86 WITH CONSPIRACY TO DISTRIBUTE COCAINE. MENTIONS KENTUCKY RESIDENT DENNIS PATRICK. ARTICLE [OP-ED?] BY MICAH MORRISON. WALL STREET JOURNAL 6/29/94 LATIN AMERICA, COLBY, GERARD WITH DENNETT, CHARLOTTE. THY WILL BE DONE -- THE CONQUEST OF THE AMAZON: NELSON ROCKEFELLER AND EVANGELISM IN THE AGE OF OIL. NEW YORK: HARPERCOLLINS, 1995. 960 PAGES. SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS, ALSO KNOWN AS THE WYCLIFFE BIBLE TRANSLATORS. SIL, FOUNDED IN THE 1930S BY WILLIAM CAMERON (CAM) TOWNSEND, WAS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE COLD WAR FOR ITS PIONEERING LINGUISTICS AND MISSIONARY WORK IN REMOTE PLACES. NELSON ROCKEFELLER WAS INVOLVED WITH AN AMAZON DEVELOPMENT PLAN DURING WORLD WAR II, WHEN HE WAS COORDINATOR OF INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS. POSITION GAVE ROCKY, WITH THE HELP OF HOOVER'S FBI, JURISDICTION OVER ALL U.S. INTEL IN LATIN AMERICA. THIS IS TWO BOOKS IN ONE, AS THEY WEAVE BETWEEN SIL AND ROCKY, TO DESCRIBE HOW AMERICAN RELIGIOUS AND ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM CONQUERED THE AMAZON. IN ADDITION TO THE AMAZON (PERU, ECUADOR, COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA, BRAZIL, BOLIVIA), SOME ATTENTION IS PAID TO OTHER PLACES WHERE SIL WAS ACTIVE, SUCH AS GUATEMALA, MEXICO, AND SOUTHEAST ASIA. NAMEBASE 12/96 THE POLITICS OF HEROIN: CIA COMPLICITY IN THE GLOBAL DRUG TRADE BY ALFRED W. MCCOY REVIEWED BY DIANA REYNOLDS IN Z MAGAZINE. GROWTH OF BURMA'S OPIUM PRODUCTION IN 50-59 REQUIRED A COMBINATION OF CIA AIR LOGISTICS, THAI MILITARY PROTECTION, AND TAIWANESE CAPITAL. UPSURGE IN PRODUCTION IN AFGHANISTAN IN 80-89 RELIED ON LOGISTICAL SUPPORT FROM PAKISTAN'S INTER-SERVICE INTEL - THE COVER OF A CIA COVERT OP AND SERVICES OF PAKISTANI BANKS. EXPANSION OF COLOMBIAN COCAINE TRADE REQUIRED FINANCING, THE LOOSE PROTECTION OF THE COVERT CONTRA WAR AND BANK. MCCOY BELIEVES THERE A NATURAL AFFINITY BETWEEN COVERT OPS AND CRIMINAL SYNDICATES - THAT IS WHY CIA OPS OFTEN OVERWHELMED EFFORTS OF THE WEAKER U.S. DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES. Z MAGAZINE MAG 2/92 76-77 CHEMICAL WAR 50-55 U.S. GVT USED WORLDWIDE DECEPTION TO HIDE ITS GATHERING OF HUMAN REMAINS TO MEASURE FALLOUT FROM ATOMIC TESTS, NEW DOCUMENTS SHOW. GVT PAPERS SUGGEST CIA HAD A WIDER ROLE IN HUMAN RADIATION TESTS. CIA CONSIDERED INJECTING ITS OWN AGENTS WITH RADIOACTIVE TRACERS TO PROVIDE "POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION." EARLY 50S PROGRAM, OPERATION SUNSHINE, USED MANY SOURCES TO GATHER SOIL, WATER, CROPS AND EVEN BONES FROM DEAD INFANTS TO LEARN EXTENT OF WORLDWIDE FALLOUT FROM U.S. WEAPONS TESTS. NEEDED COVER STORIES TO GATHER BONES OF DEAD INFANTS. TO KEEP AEC INVOLVEMENT SECRET IT USED OTHER AGENCIES. IT USED CONNECTIONS THRU ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION. PROJECT COLLECTED INFANT SKELETONS IN JAPAN, SOUTH AFRICA, INDIA, BRAZIL, COLOMBIA, PERU, CHILE, BOLIVIA AND U.S. 55 STILLBORN INFANTS TESTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, ONE OF THREE LABORATORIES IN PROGRAM. DOCUMENTS RE CIA RADIATION TESTING CONTRADICT CIA STATEMENTS. A CIA MEMO SUGGESTS KEEN INTEREST IN SUBJECT OF SUBSTANTIATING BONA FIDES OF AGENTS BY IMPLANTING RADIOISOTOPES. CIA FUNDED A LABORATORY IN A CALIFORNIA PRISON TO STUDY USE OF RADIOISOTOPES ON INMATES. ONE PROJECT AT PRISON INVOLVED GIVING 100 PRISONERS RADIOISOTOPES TO MEASURE THYROID ACTIVITY. WASHINGTON POST 2/15/95 A2 COLOMBIA COLOMBIA, 50-90 THE SITUATION IN COLOMBIA, OUTLINES VARIOUS GUERRILLA GROUPS AND PARTIES. NACLA 4/90 "THE PEOPLE'S WAR," 13-21; "THE DIRTY WAR," 22-29; "THE DRUG WAR," 30-38 COLOMBIA, APR 9 48 CIA FAILED TO PREDICT RIOTS IN BOGATA WHICH FORCED SEC. STATE MARSHALL TO FLEE. ROSITZKE, H. (1977). THE CIA'S SECRET OPERATIONS 107 COMMUNIST THREAT CHILE, OCTOBER 75 BISHOP CARLOS CAMUS, SECRETARY GENERAL OF CHILEAN BISHOPS' CONFERENCE, CAME UNDER ATTACK AFTER OFF-THE-RECORD COMMENTS FROM DINNER WITH FOREIGN JOURNALISTS APPEARED ON TAPE IN PRO-GOVERNMENT MEDIA OFFICES. CERTAIN REMARKS USED TO SUGGEST CHURCH WAS CONTROLLED BY MARXISTS. ALVARO PINEDA CASTRO, COLOMBIAN JOURNALIST WHO LEAKED TAPE, WAS GENERAL MANAGER 60-68 OF CHILEAN NEWS AGENCY CALLED "ORBE LATINO-AMERICANO." ACCORDING TO PHILIP AGEE, ORBE "FINANCED AND CONTROLLED BY THE CIA THROUGH SANTIAGO, CHILE STATION." THE NATION 5/22/76 624 GENERAL THEME IS DANGER OF PENETRATION INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM WESTERN HEMISPHERE THROUGH CUBA. SUBSTANTIATED STORIES PLANTED BY CIA OF CUBAN ARMS SHIPMENTS GUERRILLAS COLOMBIA AND TO ECUADOR. AGEE, P. (1975). INSIDE THE COMPANY: CIA DIARY P147 CONTRAGATE CENTRAL AMERICA, 82-90 AS DEA OFFICIALS TESTIFIED LAST JULY BEFORE THE HOUSE JUDICIARY SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, LT. COL. OLIVER NORTH SUGGESTED TO THE DEA IN JUNE 1985 THAT $1.5 MILLION IN DRUG MONEY CARRIED ABOARD A PLANE PILOTED BY DEA INFORMANT BARRY SEAL AND GENERATED IN A STING OF THE MEDELLIN CARTEL AND SANDINISTA OFFICIALS, BE PROVIDED TO THE CONTRAS.[25] WHILE THE SUGGESTION WAS REJECTED BY THE DEA, THE FACT THAT IT WAS MADE HIGHLIGHTS THE POTENTIAL APPEAL OF DRUG PROFITS FOR PERSONS ENGAGED IN COVERT ACTIVITY. LOTZ SAID THAT CONTRA OPERATIONS ON THE SOUTHERN FRONT WERE IN FACT FUNDED BY DRUG OPS. WEAPONS FOR CONTRAS CAME FROM PANAMA ON SMALL PLANES CARRYING MIXED LOADS WHICH INCLUDED DRUGS. PILOTS UNLOADED THE WEAPONS, REFUELED, AND HEADED NORTH TOWARD THE U.S. WITH DRUGS.[26] THE PILOTS INCLUDED AMERICANS, PANAMANIANS, AND COLOMBIANS, AND OCCASIONALLY, UNIFORMED MEMBERS OF THE PANAMANIAN DEFENSE FORCES.[27] DRUG PILOTS SOON BEGAN TO USE THE CONTRA AIRSTRIPS TO REFUEL EVEN WHEN THERE WERE NO WEAPONS TO UNLOAD. THEY KNEW THAT THE AUTHORITIES WOULD NOT CHECK THE AIRSTRIPS BECAUSE THE WAR WAS "PROTECTED." [28] [25] DEA TESTIMONY BEFORE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, JULY 28,1988. [26] IBID, PP. 683-684. [27] IBID, PP. 680, 682. [28] KERRY INTERVIEWS IN COSTA RICA, IBID. SENATE COMMITTEE REPORT ON DRUGS, LAW ENFORCEMENT AND FOREIGN POLICY CHAIRED BY SENATOR JOHN F. KERRY CENTRAL AMERICA, 82-90 SUBCOMMITTEE FOUND THAT THE FROGMAN ARREST INVOLVED COCAINE FROM A COLOMBIAN SOURCE, CARVAJAL-MINOTA. IN ADDITION, ZAVALA AND CABEZAS HAD AS A SECOND SOURCE OF SUPPLY, NICARAGUANS LIVING IN COSTA RICA ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONTRAS. FBI DOCUMENTS FROM THE FROGMAN CASE IDENTIFY THE NICARAGUANS AS HORACIO PEREIRA, TROILO SANCHEZ AND FERNANDO SANCHEZ.[124] PEREIRA WAS CONVICTED ON COCAINE CHARGES IN COSTA RICA IN 1985 AND SENTENCED TO 12 YEARS IN PRISON.[125] AN IMPORTANT MEMBER OF THE PEREIRA ORGANIZATION WAS SEBASTIAN "HUACHAN" GONZALEZ, WHO ALSO WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ARDE IN SOUTHERN FRONT CONTRA OPERATIONS. ROBERT OWEN ADVISED NORTH IN FEBRUARY 1985, THAT GONZALEZ WAS TRAFFICKING IN COCAINE.[126] JOSE BLANDON TESTIFIED THAT EDEN PASTORA KNEW THAT GONZALEZ WAS INVOLVED IN DRUG TRAFFICKING WHILE HE WAS WORKING WITH ARDE. GONZALEZ LATER LEFT THE CONTRA MOVEMENT AND FLED FROM COSTA RICA TO PANAMA, WHERE HE WENT TO WORK FOR GENERAL NORIEGA.[127] [125] CBS EVENING NEWS, JUNE 2, 1986. [126] IRAN/CONTRA TESTIMONY OF ROBERT OWEN, MAY 14, 1987, EXHIBIT RWO 7, P. 801. [127] BLANDON, PART 2, PP. 132-133. SENATE COMMITTEE REPORT ON DRUGS, LAW ENFORCEMENT AND FOREIGN POLICY CHAIRED BY SENATOR JOHN F. KERRY NICARAGUA, 85-87 MIAMI HERALD ARTICLE "CONTRA LEADER IDENTIFIED AS COCAINE TRAFFICKER IN U.S. TRIAL." IN APRIL 90 TRIAL A COLOMBIAN DRUG TRAFFICKER, FAABION ERNESTO CARRASCO, TESTIFIED HE PAID MILLIONS TO ADOLFO "POPO" CHAMORO, NEPHEW OF NICARAGUAN PRES CHAMORRO, AND TO OSCAR CESAR, BROTHER OF CHAMORRO'S TOP AIDE. MONEY FOR COCAINE FLOWN INTO FLORIDA ON PLANES THAT ALSO CARRIED WEAPONS TO CENTRAL AMERICA. CARRASCO SAID HE USED COSTA RICA AIRSTRIP OF JOHN HULL. LIES OF OUR TIME 12/90 18 COSTA RICA COSTA RICA, JOHN MATTES WITNESS AT TRIAL OF HONEY AND AVIRGAN. HE FEDERAL PUBLIC DEFENDER IN MIAMI. IN GATHERING TESTIMONY HE HEARD OF MEETING IN HUSTON IN DEC 84 WITH HULL, OWEN, CALERO, SEVERAL AMERICANS, A CUBAN AMERICAN NAMED FELIPE VIDAL AND AMAC GALIL AT ADOLFO'S HOME. AT MEETING DISCUSSED HULL COORDINATING WAR EFFORT FROM NORTHERN COSTA RICA AND NEED TO ELIMINATE PASTORA. AFTER MEETING SEVERAL OTHER MEETINGS IN MIAMI WHERE IT DECIDED THAT TOM POSEY, HEAD OF CIVILIAN MILITARY ASSISTANCE WOULD GO TO COSTA RICA WITH HULL TO ORGANIZE AND MANAGE THE SOUTHERN FRONT FOR THE CONTRAS. MERCENARIES FLOWN IN OTHER AREAS WORLD TO FIGHT FOR FDN. DISCUSSED PLAN TO ATTACK U.S. EMBASSY IN COSTA RICA, 2 CUBAN AMERICANS WOULD HELP IN ATTACK TO BE FUNDED BY COLOMBIAN DRUG TRAFFICKERS. PLANE CHARTERED FROM FLORIDA AIR TRANSPORT IN FT. LAUDERDALE WHERE WEAPONS AND MERCENARIES LOADED AND FLOWN TO ILIPANGO AIR FORCE BASE IN EL SALVADOR. AVIRGAN, T., & HONEY. M. (EDS.). (1987). LAPENCA: ON TRIAL IN COSTA RICA 26-27, 85 COUNTERINSURGENCY BOLIVIA, PERU, AND COLOMBIA, 89 BUSH ADM NEW ANTI-DRUG CAMPAIGN DESIGNED TO BOLSTER CI EFFORTS. WILL PROVIDE $261 MILLION IN MOSTLY MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AID. U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL, INCLUDING SPECIAL FORCES WILL TRAIN AND SUPPORT LOCAL FORCES FIGHTING THE TRAFFICKERS. WASHINGTON POST 10/19/89 A24 COLOMBIA, 96-98 U.S. CONSIDERING INCREASING U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO COLOMBIA TO FIGHT DRUG TRAFFICKING. U.S. IS DEBATING WHETHER TO SUPPLY SOPHISTICATED COMMO, INTEL SUPPORT AND TRAINING TO THE MILITARY IN THE SOUTHERN HALF OF COLOMBIA, WHERE THOUSANDS OF GUERRILLAS ARE PROTECTING DRUG TRAFFICKERS. 726 COLOMBIAN TROOPS RECEIVED TRAINING -- MOST OF IT NOT DESIGNATED AS COUNTERNARCOTICS COURSES -- FROM THE DOD'S SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND IN FISCAL 1996. THE INSTRUCTION -- INCLUDING SMALL UNIT RIVER AND COASTAL OPS AND LIGHT INFANTRY TECHNIQUES -- WAS BY ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES AND NAVY SEALS. THE TRAINING, WHICH CONTINUES THIS YEAR, WAS EXEMPTED FROM RESTRICTIONS AT THE TIME OF U.S. MILITARY AID TO COLOMBIA. AID TO COLOMBIA'S MILITARY HAS BEEN VIRTUALLY NONEXISTENT SINCE THE LATE 1980S BECAUSE THE COLOMBIAN ARMY, AS WELL AS THE RIGHT-WING PARAMILITARY GROUPS THAT OPERATE WITH ITS SUPPORT, HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN SCORES OF CIVILIAN MASSACRES, DISAPPEARANCES AND CASES OF TORTURE. AID TO THE MILITARY WAS FORMALLY CUT OFF IN 1996 BECAUSE PRESIDENT ERNESTO SAMPER TOOK $6.1 MILLION FROM THE CALI COCAINE CARTEL FOR HIS 1994 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN AND AFTER U.S. OFFICIALS CONCLUDED THAT IT WAS NOT COOPERATING FULLY IN FIGHTING DRUG TRAFFICKERS. COLOMBIA IS THE LARGEST RECIPIENT OF U.S. COUNTERNARCOTICS AID IN SOUTH AMERICA, INCLUDING 200 U.S. TROOPS STATIONED MOSTLY AT RADAR SITES THAT MONITOR SUSPECTED DRUG-CARRYING AIRCRAFT. U.S. ASSISTANCE TO THE MILITARY AND TO THE COLOMBIAN NATIONAL POLICE -- WHICH, UNLIKE THE MILITARY, WAS NOT BARRED FROM RECEIVING AID -- TRIPLED FROM $28.5 MILLION IN 1995 TO NEARLY $100 MILLION IN 1997. WASHINGTON POST 3/28/98 A19 COLOMBIA, 98 A REBEL COMMANDER OF THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC) SAYS MOST ARMY BATTALIONS HAVE U.S. ADVISORS, SO IT IS CLEAR...THE OBJECTIVE WILL BE TO DEFEAT THE AMERICANS. A U.S. SOURCE SAID THERE ARE AN ESTIMATED 30 ADVISORS, EXCLUDING RADAR OPERATORS IN COLOMBIA. OTHER SOURCES PUT THIS NUMBER MUCH HIGHER. WASHINGTON TIMES 3/17/98 A17 COLOMBIA, 98 COMMANDER OF THE SOUTHERN FRONT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC), FABIAN RAMIREZ, ACCUSED U.S. MILITARY ADVISORS OF LEADING SECRET COUNTERINSURGENCY OPS IN COLOMBIA AND DECLARED THE ADVISORS A MILITARY OBJECTIVE FOR FARC. RAMIREZ SAYS THE U.S. WAR ON DRUGS HAS TURNED INTO A WAR ON COLOMBIAN REBELS, AND MOST COLOMBIAN BATTALIONS INCLUDE AMERICAN CI ADVISORS. THE U.S. SOUTHERN COMMAND ADMITS TO APPROXIMATELY 30 MILITARY ADVISORS IN COLOMBIA, THOUGH INDEPENDENT ANALYSTS ESTIMATE A SUBSTANTIALLY LARGER U.S. CONTINGENT IN THE COUNTRY. REUTERS IN GLOBAL INTEL UPDATE 3/18/98 COLOMBIA, 99 JULY 27, DISAPPEARANCE OF A U.S. RECONNAISSANCE PLANE IN COLOMBIA SHOWS RISKS IN EFFORTS TO FIGHT DRUG TRAFFICKING HERE BY EXPANDING AID TO THE COLOMBIAN POLICE AND MILITARY. MCCAFFREY SAID U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTION IS NOT IN THE OFFING, BUT ASSISTANCE IS -- TRAINING, SUPPLY, INTEL SHARING AND ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN DRUG CROP REGIONS. U.S. PROVIDED $256 MILLION THIS YEAR IN ANTI-DRUG ASSISTANCE TO COLOMBIA, THE THIRD-LARGEST RECIPIENT OF AMERICAN MILITARY AID AFTER ISRAEL AND EGYPT. HE RECOMMENDED THAT $1 BILLION IN "EMERGENCY DRUG SUPPLEMENTAL ASSISTANCE" TO COLOMBIA AND OTHER NATIONS IN THE ANDES AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION THAT ARE COOPERATING AGAINST DRUG TRAFFICKING. THE DOWNED AIRCRAFT AND ITS CREW OF FIVE U.S. ARMY SOLDIERS AND TWO COLOMBIAN AIR FORCE OFFICERS DROPPED OUT OF SIGHT WHILE ON A DRUG SURVEILLANCE MISSION. THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT THE RC-7, WHICH WAS CARRYING INFRARED SENSORS AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF EAVESDROPPING ON GROUND COMMO, WAS FIRED ON BY THE GUERRILLAS. MCCAFFREY COMMENTED WHILE VISITING A COLOMBIAN MILITARY BASE IN TRES ESQUINAS, WHERE U.S. ADVISERS ARE HELPING TRAIN A NEW 1,500-MEMBER ANTI-DRUG BATTALION. LAST YEAR, U.S. DID MORE THAN 2,000 SUCH FLIGHTS THROUGHOUT THE REGION, ORIGINATING FROM FLORIDA, PUERTO RICO, ECUADOR AND THE CARIBBEAN ISLAND OF CURACAO. REBELS CONTROL ABOUT 40 PERCENT OF THE COUNTRYSIDE. WASHINGTON POST 7/28/99 A19 ISRAEL, LATIN AMERICA, 85-87 COLOMBIAN OFFICERS ARE AMONG MORE THAN 100 FOREIGN MILITARY MEN TAKING ADVANCED COURSES IN CI AT NEW ISRAELI TRG FACILITY ON OUTSKIRTS TEL AVIV AFTER CLOSING OF U.S. MILITARY TRAINING FACILITY IN PANAMA IN 86. A SHIP CARRYING 200 TONS ISRAELI WEAPONS DOCKED AT CARTAGENA, COLUMBIA. ISRAELI FOREIGN AFFAIRS 3 COUNTERINTEL USSR, 85-94 AMES FRIENDS REMEMBER HIM. HIS MOTHER WAS RACHEL AMES - A BELOVED TEACHER AT MCLEAN HIGH. RICK AMES FATHER WAS CARLETON AMES ALSO A CIA OFFICER WHO HAD POSTS IN RANGOON, BURMA. CARLETON AMES AN ALCOHOLIC. ALDRICH AMES JOINED CIA AT AGE 21 AND WAS POSTED TO ANKARA, TURKEY; MEXICO CITY, MEXICO; NEW YORK, WASHINGTON, AND ROME, ITALY. HIS FIRST MARRIAGE FAILED WHEN HE IN MEXICO CITY 81-83. NINE DAYS AFTER DIVORCE FINAL HE MARRIED MARIA DEL ROSARIO CASAS, A FORMER COLOMBIAN DIPLOMAT 11 YEARS HIS JUNIOR, WHO WAS A PAID CIA INFORMANT WHILE SERVING AS HER COUNTRY'S CULTURAL ATTACHE. WASHINGTON POST 2/27/94 A1,21 USSR, 85-94 ROSARIO AMES GAINS DELAY IN SENTENCING AND SEEKS HELP FROM COLOMBIA. WASHINGTON POST 9/23/94 B3 USSR, RUSSIA, 85-94 ALDRICH AMES FOLLOWED FATHER TO CIA, ACCUSED COUPLE CAME FROM DIFFERENT WORLDS, CIA AGENT, ALDRICH AND COLOMBIAN ATTACHE MET IN MEXICO. WASHINGTON POST 2/24/94 A7 USSR, RUSSIA, 85-94 ALDRICH AMES WAS INVOLVED IN DEBRIEFING YURCHENKO EVERY DAY ON KGB OPS AGAINST WESTERN COUNTRIES, HE ALSO PREPARING FOR A TOUR IN ROME, ITALY BY STUDYING ITALIAN. AMES KNEW TRUE NAME OF VIRTUALLY ALL THE SOVIET AGENTS, AND LATER, RUSSIAN ONES BEING RECRUITED. UP TO A DOZEN OPS COMPROMISED RESULTING IN EXECUTION OF UP TO 10 SOVIET AGENTS. ALDRICH AMES' FATHER, CARLETON AMES, WAS A CIA ANALYST ON COUNTERINTEL STAFF WHO RETIRED IN THE 60S. IN 69 AMES AND FIRST WIFE, NANCY, WHO WORKED WITH HIM AT CIA, WERE POSTED TO ANKARA, TURKEY. AMES RETURNED TO HQS IN 72 REMAINING 5 YEARS,. THEN TO NEW YORK CITY FOR A 4-YEAR TOUR, WHERE HE DID WHAT MOST CIA OFFICERS DO IN MANHATTEN: HE HUNTED HUMAN ASSETS AT THE U.N. HE POSTED TO MEXICO CITY IN 81. AS IN ANKARA AND NEW YORK HE WAS ASSIGNED TO CIA'S SOVIET/EAST EUROPE (SE) DIV TO HUNT POTENTIAL SPIES. FROM LATE 83 THRU 85, AMES SERVED AS CHIEF OF SOVIET COUNTERINTEL BRANCH IN THE S.E. DIV. FROM MARCH 84 TO JULY 86, WHEN HE TRANSFERRED TO ROME, AMES WAS AUTHORIZED TO HOLD FREQUENT PHONE CONVERSATIONS WITH USSR EMBASSY OFFICIALS. IN 86 HE PASSED A ROUTINE POLYGRAPH TEST. DURING THREE-YEAR TOUR IN ROME HE FREQUENTED NIGHT SPOTS WITH HIS WIFE ROSARIO. THEY RETURNED TO HQS IN 89. SUSPICION MAY HAVE BEGUN AS EARLY AS 89 BUT CIA AND FBI DID NOT FORM A JOINT TASK FORCE UNTIL 91. ACTION MAY HAVE BEEN PROMPTED BY DISAPPEARANCE OF AN IMPORTANT KGB COUNTERINTEL OFFICER CODE-NAMED GTPROLOGUE. FROM AMES HOME FBI RETRIEVED COMPUTER MESSAGE OF 12/17/90: "I DID LEARN THAT GTPROLOGUE IS CRYPTONYM FOR SCD OFFICER I PROVIDED YOU INFO EARLIER." AMES TRANSFERRED TO COUNTERNARCOTICS IN 91. COUPLE PUT UNDER INTENSIVE SURVEILLANCE - HIS TRIPS TO VENEZUELA AND COLOMBIA. TIME 3/7/94 USSR, RUSSIA, 85-94 ALDRICH HAZEN AMES AND HIS COLOMBIAN-BORN WIFE, MARIA DEL ROSARIO CASA AMES, ARRESTED AS SPIES FOR THE USSR. THEY PAID MORE THAN 1.5 MILLION BY KGB AND ITS SUCCESSOR, THE SVR, OVER 9-YEAR PERIOD TO SPY FOR MOSCOW. CASE OF YURCHENKO WHO DEFECTED IN 8/85 AND RE-DEFECTED THREE MONTHS LATER. YURCHENCKO PROVIDED INFO THAT LED TO HOWARD. BUT THERE WERE AT THAT TIME SOME PROBLEMS OF CIA LOSING AGENTS THAT COULDN'T BE BLAMED ON HOWARD. AMES WAS ONE OF YURCHENKO'S DEBRIEFERS. FBI HAD (AROUND THAT TIME) RECRUITED 2 KGB AGENTS IN SOVIET EMBASSY - VALERY MARTYNOV AND SERGEI MOTORIN. MARTYNOV WAS KGB OFFICER WHO ESCORTED YURCHENCKO BACK TO MOSCOW IN 11/85, HE THEN ARRESTED, AS WAS MOTORIN WHO WAS REPORTEDLY EXECUTED. AMES PASSED 2 POLYGRAPHS, THE COUPLE SPENT LAVISHLY, ETC. IN 84, AMES WAS ASSIGNED TO TRY AND RECRUIT OFFICIALS OF THE USSR EMBASSY. INSTEAD OF RECRUITING THEM, HE BEGAN TAKING MONEY FORM THEM, STARTING IN 5/85. FORMER DCI GATES SAID IT UNUSUAL CIA TRYING TO RECRUIT IN D.C. - THAT USUALLY IS FBI'S JOB. AMES, AS CI CHIEF, COULD HAVE DESTROYED CIA OPS AGAINST THE USSR. WASHINGTON POST 2/27/94 C1,4 USSR, RUSSIA, 85-94 CIA NOW ESTIMATES THAT KGB USED INFO SUPPLIED BY AMES TO ROLL UP MORE THAN 20 CIA OPS; AT LEAST 10 AGENTS WERE EXECUTED. AMES ALLEGEDLY TRANSFERRED HIS ALLEGIANCE FROM THE FOREIGN DIV OF KGB TO ITS SUCCESSOR, RUSSIAN FOREIGN INTEL SERVICE, SVR. IN 85, KGB WAS ROLLING UP A NUMBER OF AMERICAN ASSETS - INCLUDING FIRST TWO KGB OFFICERS EVER RECRUITED BY FBI OUT OF MOSCOW'S EMBASSY IN D.C., VALERY MARTHNOV AND SERGEI MOTORIN - BOTH WERE EXECUTED IN MOSCOW. YURCHENKO DEFECTED AND RE-DEFECTED AND HOWARD FLED TO MOSCOW. AFTER 85, A STRING OF ABOUT 30 ESPIONAGE OPS AGAINST RUSSIANS WENT SOUR - THAT TOO MANY TO BE COINCIDENTAL. BECAUSE OF BUREAUCRATIC FEUDING BETWEEN CIA AND FBI, INTEL COMMUNITY DID NOT MOVE AGGRESSIVELY UNTIL 91, WHEN A SPECIAL INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE FORMED TO LOOK FOR THE SOVIET MOLE. AMES NAME ON BOTTOM OF LIST UNDER INVESTIGATION UNTIL A CIA INSIDER BEING GRILLED BY FBI - SUGGESTED THEY LEAVE HIM ALONE AND LOOK AT SPENDING HABITS OF RICK AMES. BY SPRING OF 93, FBI WAS TAPPING HIS PHONE, BUGGING HIS COMPUTER, FOLLOWING HIS CAR AND GOING THRU HIS TRASH. AMES HAD TOURS IN TURKEY, WASHINGTON AND NEW YORK, AND WAS SENT TO MEXICO IN 81, TO RECRUIT SPIES. IN 82, HE RECRUITED MARIA DEL ROSARIO CASAS DUPUY, CULTURAL ATTACHE AT THE COLOMBIAN EMBASSY. AMES BEGAN HAVING SEX WITH THE NEW AGENT. THIS IN VIOLATION OF A BATCH OF RULES: A DRINKING PROBLEM AND A BAD MARRIAGE, SLEEPING WITH A FOREIGN NATIONAL - A CIA AGENT - IN A CIA SAFE HOUSE. AMES NEXT ASSIGNED TO RUNNING COUNTERINTEL OPS AGAINST RUSSIANS IN D.C. IN 84, AMES HIMSELF HOWEVER WAS RECRUITED. COURT RECORDS SAY FIRST DEPOSIT $9,000 SHOWED UP IN HIS ACCOUNT ON 5/18/85. AMES BEAT A LIE DETECTOR TEST IN 86 AND AGAIN IN 91. IT SUSPECTED RUSSIANS GAVE HIM A PILL TO MAKE HIM "FLUTTER-PROOF." AMES WENT TO CARACAS IN 92, AND BOGOTA IN 93, TO MEET HIS HANDLERS. FBI ARRESTED HIM ON EVE OF HIS TRIP TO MOSCOW ON NORMAL CIA BUSINESS. HE MAY HAVE BURNED AN IMPORTANT AGENT CODE-NAMED PROLOGUE, WHO WORKED IN USSR CI. IN THEORY EVERY OP AMES DEALT WITH IS COMPROMISED. CIA WILL HAVE TO REBUILD COUNTERINTELLIGENCE. NEWSWEEK 3/7/94 USSR, RUSSIA, 85-94 PLEA DEAL IN AMES SPY CASE IS SAID TO HINGE ON WIFE'S SENTENCE. ROSARIO AMES HAD 3 INTERVIEWS AND STRONGLY DENIED CLAIMS SHE WAS A PAID CIA INFORMER WHILE SHE WORKED FOR COLOMBIAN EMBASSY IN MEXICO CITY. SHE TOLD FBI SHE DID NOT KNOW OF HUSBAND'S ACTIVITIES UNTIL 91. PLEA AGREEMENT WOULD BENEFIT BOTH SIDES. PROSECUTORS WOULD BE RELIEVED OF REQUIREMENT TO GIVE VAST AMOUNTS CLASSIFIED INFO. A TRIAL COULD EMBARRASS CIA AND POSSIBLY OTHER GVT AGENCIES. INFO AMES COULD PROVIDE, COULD HELP CIA AND FBI IN PURSUING AND PROSECUTING OTHER POTENTIAL MOLES. WASHINGTON POST 4/23/94 A4 COVER 86 TOM DARCY A NONOFFICIAL COVER OFFICER (NOC). HE TRANSPORTING INTERCEPTION EQUIPMENT TO A CIA BOAT TO SAIL OFF COAST OF LEBANON TO EAVESDROP ON TERRORISTS. HE EARLIER IN THE CARIBBEAN. DARCY LEFT CIA IN 93. MORE SPIES GOING UNDER NOC COVER BECAUSE TERRORISTS, NUCLEAR SMUGGLERS, MONEY LAUNDERERS AND WARLORDS ARE NOT FOUND IN COCKTAIL DIPLOMATIC CIRCUIT. CIA EXPANDING NOC PROGRAM - SEVERAL HUNDRED NOW IN FIELD AND NUMBERS GROWING. ONLY TOP LEVEL OFFICIALS OF COMPANIES KNOW IDENTITY OF CIA NOC OFFICERS. HANDLING TAX RETURNS. TO RECRUIT NOCS, CIA USES FRONT COMPANIES AND PLACES ADDS IN MAJOR NEWSPAPERS. CIA'S OFFICE OF CENTRAL COVER MUST ASSIGN A STAFF MEMBER TO HANDLE NOC OFFICER'S PERSONAL AFFAIRS. NOC OFFICERS IN COLOMBIA WOUNDED OR KILLED IN GUNFIGHTS WITH DRUG SMUGGLERS. A NOC OFFICER IN AFRICA WAS BEATEN AND JAILED FOR A MONTH. NOC OFFICERS HAVE MORE LUCK IN HARD TARGETS SUCH AS IRAN, IRAQ AND NORTH KOREA. CIA EXPERIMENTING WITH SETTING UP TWO STATIONS IN COUNTRIES. MORALE AT CIA AT ROCKBOTTOM. YOUNG CASE OFFICERS DEMANDING HOUSECLEANING OF TOP OFFICIALS OF OPS DIRECTORATE. 12/94 CIA SETTLED A LAWSUIT WITH JAMAICAN STATION CHIEF JANINE BROOKNER FOR 410,000 PLUS LAWYERS FEES. TIME 2/20/95 28 90-95 OFFICIALS SAY THAT NOC (NON-OFFICIAL COVER) OFFICERS OVERSEAS CAN BE FOUR TIMES AS EXPENSIVE AS ASSIGNING OFFICERS UNDER AN EMBASSY COVER. ELABORATE CLANDESTINE COMMUNICATIONS MUST BE ESTABLISHED SO NOC OFFICER CAN PASS HIS INTEL. CIA'S OFFICE OF CENTRAL COVER MUST ASSIGN A STAFF MEMBER TO HANDLE A NOC OFFICER'S PERSONAL AFFAIRS AND KEEP HIS REAL-LIFE BILLS PAID WHILE HE LEADS HIS COVER LIFE. COMPANIES PROVIDING COVER ARE UNDERSTANDABLY SKITTISH ABOUT HAVING IT BLOWN. TIME CONTACTED HALF A DOZEN FORTUNE 500 FIRMS TO ASK IF THEY ACCEPTED NOC OFFICERS. MOST EITHER REFUSED TO COMMENT OR SAID THEY DO NOT PARTICIPATE. NOC WORK CAN TAKE ITS TOLL ON THE CASE OFFICER AS WELL. NOC OFFICERS CANNOT COUNT ON JUST BEING EXPELLED FROM COUNTRIES LIKE OFFICERS WITH DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY. NOC OFFICERS IN COLOMBIA WHO HAVE SET UP IMPORT-EXPORT COMPANIES AS COVERS -- BRIBING DRUG COURIERS FOR INTEL -- HAVE BEEN WOUNDED OR KILLED IN GUNFIGHTS WITH TRAFFICKERS. A NOC OFFICER SERVING IN AFRICA WAS BEATEN UP AND JAILED FOR A MONTH. ANOTHER, GRABBED BY A HIZBALLAH FACTION IN BEIRUT, MANAGED TO TALK HIS WAY OUT BY CONVINCING HIS FUNDAMENTALIST CAPTORS THAT HE WAS A U.S. NARCOTICS AGENT FIGHTING EVIL DRUGS. YOU'VE GOT TO BE YOUR OWN LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEM, SAYS JOHN F. QUINN, WHO ONCE WORKED AS A NOC OFFICER IN JAPAN COLLECTING ECONOMIC INTEL. YOU'RE OUT IN THE COLD. YOU'RE ALONE. YOU HAVE TO BE A TIGHTROPE WALKER ALL THE TIME, BALANCING YOUR CORPORATE JOB, YOUR INTEL JOB AND YOUR MENTAL SANITY. CIA BELIEVES NOCS ARE THE BEST WAY TO CARRY OUT MANY CLANDESTINE OPS. SERVICES USUALLY HAVE NO TROUBLE SPOTTING CIA OFFICERS OPERATING UNDER AN EMBASSY'S COVER. NOT SO FOR NOCS. IF YOU'RE WORKING DRUGS, THUGS OR TECH TRANSFERS, YOU'RE GOING TO BE IN BANKS ALL THE TIME LOOKING AT FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS -- JOBS OFTEN BETTER SUITED FOR AN OFFICER UNDER CORPORATE COVER. NOC OFFICERS ALSO HAVE HAD MORE LUCK SPYING ON HARD TARGETS SUCH AS IRAN, IRAQ AND NORTH KOREA, WHERE U.S. HAS NO EMBASSIES IN WHICH TO HIDE CIA OPERATIVES. CIA IS EVEN EXPERIMENTING WITH SETTING UP TWO STATIONS IN SOME COUNTRIES. ONE WOULD BE UNDER THE TRADITIONAL EMBASSY COVER, WHILE ANOTHER MUCH MORE SECRETIVE STATION WOULD HANDLE THE NOCS. TIME 2/20/95 CHILE, 70 CIA STAFF OFFICER BRUCE MACMASTER STATED THAT WHILE IN CHILE HE OSTENSIBLY REPRESENTING AMERICAN BUSINESS INTERESTS SUCH AS THE FORD AND ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS AND OTHER UNIDENTIFIED U.S. BUSINESS INTERESTS. MACMASTER TRAVELED ON A FALSIFIED COLOMBIAN PASSPORT TO CHILE TO MEET WITH COUP PLOTTERS. HE TOLD IT WAS THE STUDENT GROUP THAT WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MACHINE GUN ATTACK ON GENERAL SCHNEIDER. ATLANTIC 12/82 P55 CUBA CUBA, 57-98 DEATH OF MANUEL "BARBA ROJA" PINEIRO LOSADA, 63, KILLED IN A CAR ACCIDENT. PINEIRO JOINED FIDEL IN THE IN MAY 1957 AND BECAME THE HEAD OF THE INTEL SERVICE. IN 71 HE SET UP THE NEW G-2 SERVICE IN THE INTERIOR MINISTRY IN 1961. PINEIRO WAS REPLACED AS G-2 CHIEF BUT, WAS APPOINTED HEAD OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE'S LATIN AMERICA DEPARTMENT IN CHARGE OF "EXPORTING" THE CUBAN REVOLUTION, IN 1975. HE BECAME THE NEMESIS OF THE CIA WHICH HIS AGENTS INFILTRATED IN LARGE NUMBER FOR ALMOST TWENTY YEARS. HE PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN BACKING THE SANDINISTA NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT WHICH OVERTHREW DICTATOR ANASTASIO SOMOZA IN NICARAGUA IN 1979. IN THE EARLY 1980S, PINEIRO HELPED ORGANIZE AND DIRECT REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS IN EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, COLOMBIA AND GRENADA. HE SERVED AS FIDEL'S SECRET DIPLOMATIC EMISSARY UNTIL 2/92 WHEN HE RETIRED. PINEIRO HAD ATTENDED A RECEPTION AT THE MEXICAN EMBASSY AND APPARENTLY LOST CONTROL OF HIS CAR WHEN DRIVING HOME. INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 3/30/98 12 DEATH SQUADS 53-94 SPONSORSHIP BY CIA OF DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY COVERED IN SUMMARY FORM. NOTES THAT IN HAITI CIA ADMITTED LT. GENERAL RAOUL CEDRAS AND OTHER HIGH-RANKING OFFICIALS "WERE" ON ITS PAYROLL AND ARE HELPING ORGANIZE VIOLENT REPRESSION IN HAITI. LUIS MORENO, AN EMPLOYEE OF STATE DEPT, HAS BRAGGED HE HELPED COLOMBIAN ARMY CREATE A DATABASE OF SUBVERSIVES, TERRORISTS AND DRUG DEALERS." HIS SUPERIOR IN OVERSEEING INS FOR SOUTHEASTERN U.S., IS GUNTHER WAGNER, FORMER NAZI SOLDIER AND A KEY MEMBER OF NOW-DEFUNCT OFFICE OF PUBLIC SAFETY (OPS), AN AID PROJECT WHICH HELPED TRAIN CI AND TERRORISM IN DOZENS OF COUNTRIES. WAGNER WORKED IN VIETNAM AS PART OF OPERATION PHOENIX AND IN NICARAGUA WHERE HE HELPED TRAIN NATIONAL GUARD. ARTICLE ALSO DETAILS MASSACRES IN INDONESIA. HAITI INFO 4/23/94 3,4 COLOMBIA 98-99 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL ORDERED DISHONORABLE DISCHARGES FOR THREE MILITARY OFFICERS AND SUSPENSIONS FOR FIVE POLICE FOR FAILING TO HALT MASS KILLINGS. THE THREE MIDDLE LEVEL OFFICERS EACH COMMANDED A MILITARY POST IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL CITY OF BARRANCABERMEJA, WHERE PARAMILITARY GUNMEN KILLED SEVEN PEOPLE AND HAULED AWAY 25 OTHERS IN 1998. PARAMILITARY LEADERS SAID THEY HAD EXECUTED THE 24 MEN AND ONE WOMAN. WASHINGTON POST 8/29/99 A26 COLOMBIA. MAS (MUERTE A SECUESTRADORES): "DEATH TO KIDNAPPERS," COLOMBIAN ANTIGUERRILLA DEATH SQUAD FOUNDED IN DECEMBER 1981 BY MEMBERS OF MEDELLIN CARTEL, CALI CARTEL, AND COLOMBIA MILITARY. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 261 COLOMBIA, 89-98 IN 89 CIA BUILT ITS FIRST COUNTER-NARCOTICS CENTER IN LANGLEY, VA. THE NEWLY RENAMED CRIME AND NARCOTICS CENTER, HAS INCREASED FOUR-FOLD. BUT CIA IS A COLD WAR INSTITUTION, MANY IN THE DIRECTORATE OF OPS (DO) SEE COMMUNISTS BEHIND EVERY DOOR. THEY MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIPS WITH RIGHTEST MILITARY FORCES THAT ENGAGE IN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. IN COLOMBIA, IN THE NAME OF FIGHTING DRUGS, CIA FINANCED NEW INTEL NETS THAT INCORPORATED ILLEGAL PARAMILITARY GROUPS AND FOSTERED DEATH SQUADS. SQUADS KILLED TRADE UNIONISTS, PEASANT LEADERS, HUMAN-RIGHTS MONITORS, JOURNALISTS AND OTHER "SUBVERSIVES." THOUSANDS HAVE BEEN KILLED BY THE DEATH SQUADS. THE PROGRESSIVE 6/98 23 COLOMBIA, 89-98 IN EARLY 90S A DEBATE OVER ALLOCATING MONEY FOR COUNTERNARCOTICS OPS PER RET. COL. JAMES S. ROACH, JR. THE MILITARY ATTACHE AND THE DIA COUNTRY LIAISON IN BOGATA IN THE EARLY 1990S. U.S. FORMED AN INTER-AGENCY COMMISSION TO STUDY COLOMBIA'S INTEL SYSTEM. TEAM INCLUDED REPS OF THE EMBASSY'S MILITARY ADVISORY GROUP, THE SOUTHERN COMMAND IN PANAMA, THE DIA AND THE CIA. TEAM RECOMMENDED CHANGES IN THE INTEL NETWORKS OF THE COLOMBIANS. IN 5/91 COLOMBIA COMPLETELY RE-ORGANIZED INTEL NETS. BUT THE REORGANIZATION PLAN MADE NO MENTION ABOUT INTEL ON DRUG TRAFFICKERS -- INSTEAD IT ORDERED FOCUSING ON LEFTIST GUERRILLAS OR "THE ARMED SUBVERSION." THE 41 INTEL NETS DIRECTED THEIR ENERGIES AT UNARMED CIVILIANS. ONE NET ASSASSINATED AT LEAST 57. VICTIMS INCLUDED 5 OFFICERS OF VARIOUS UNIONS, TWO HUMAN-RIGHTS MONITORS AND ONE JOURNALIST. CIA FINANCED THE NETS DIRECTLY. CIA SET UP THE NETS ON THEIR ON. THE PROGRESSIVE 6/98 25 COLOMBIA, 93-94 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL CALLED COLOMBIA ONE OF WORST "KILLING FIELDS." U.S. IS AN ACCOMPLICE. WILLIAM F. SCHULTZ, HUMAN RIGHTS GROUP'S NEWLY APPOINTED EXECUTIVE DIR FOR THE U.S., TOLD A NEWS CONFERENCE THAT USING FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS AS A PRETEXT - COLOMBIAN GVT DOESN'T REIGN IN [ITS FORCES]. ABOUT 20,000 PEOPLE KILLED SINCE 86 IN ONE OF LATIN AMERICA'S MOST "STABLE DEMOCRACIES." ONLY 2% POLITICAL KILLINGS RELATED TO DRUG TRAFFICKING AND 70% BY PARAMILITARY OR MILITARY. U.S. PROBABLY A COLLABORATOR AND MUCH OF U.S. AID FOR COUNTERNARCOTICS DIVERTED TO "KILLING FIELDS." AI REPORT SAID HUMAN MEAT IS SOLD ON BLACK MARKET AND POLITICIANS GUNNED DOWN ALONG WITH CHILDREN, HOMOSEXUALS, AND DRUG ADDICTS. U.S. SUPPORT BECAUSE OF COLOMBIA'S STRATEGIC POSITION. NO ONE IS SAFE, PEOPLE KILLED FOR BODY PARTS. WASHINGTON TIMES 3/16/94 A15 COLOMBIA, 95-97 COLOMBIAN KILLINGS LINKED TO U.S. EFFORTS RIGHT GROUPS POINTS TO CIA, PENTAGON. STATE DEPT SAID U.S. IS GIVING COLOMBIA ABOUT $5 MILLION THIS YEAR FOR DRUG ERADICATION. U.S. IS ACCUSED OF SUPPORTING THE MILITARY-PARAMILITARY PARTNERSHIP IN COLOMBIA THAT HAS SPONSORED DEATH SQUADS DURING A 30-YEAR CIVIL WAR. A DOD/CIA TEAM ENCOURAGED THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY IN ITS 1991 INTEL REORGANIZATION PER A REPORT ISSUED BY HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/AMERICAS. RE-ORG CREATED NETWORKS OF PM GROUPS AND CIVILIANS THAT IDENTIFIED AND KILLED COLOMBIANS SUSPECTED OF SUPPORTING GUERRILLAS. COLOMBIAN MILITARY IS ARMED WITH U.S. WEAPONS, AND WEARING U.S. UNIFORMS, EAT U.S. RATIONS AND USING U.S. BULLETS. REORGANIZATION PLAN "COLOMBIAN ARMED FORCES DIRECTIVE NO. 200-05/91." PLAN SPECIFIES USING CIVILIANS AS INFORMANTS AND GROUPS TO FACILITATE ATTACKS BY MILITARY COMMANDERS. WASHINGTON TIMES 4/3/97 A11 COLOMBIA, 97 COLOMBIAN DEATH SQUAD KILLS 30 IN VILLAGE ATTACK. RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS, WHICH CALL THEMSELVES SELF-DEFENSE UNITS, OFTEN TARGET THOSE THEY THINK ARE LEFTIST REBEL SYMPATHIZERS. WASHINGTON POST 7/22/97 A20 COLOMBIA, 98 70 COLOMBIA TROOPS REPORTED KILLED. DOZENS OF GOVT TROOPS WERE KILLED THIS WEEK IN AN ATTACK, THE MILITARY'S WORST DEFEAT IN MORE THAN 30 YEARS OF FIGHTING LEFTIST REBELS. IT WAS THE WORST IN A STRING OF MILITARY DEBACLES THAT BEGAN IN 1996. THE GUERRILLAS CITE THE DRUG CORRUPTION IN THE ADM. THIS CAUSED NEW CRITICISM OF THE MILITARY LEADERSHIP, WIDELY HELD TO BE INEPT AND ACCUSED OF COLLABORATING WITH PARAMILITARY DEATH SQUADS THAT HAVE KILLED HUNDREDS OF DURING SAMPER'S TENURE. FIGHTING AND BAD WEATHER PREVENTED INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS WORKERS TO RETRIEVE THE DEAD AND WOUNDED. AP & LOS ANGELES TIMES 3/6/98 COLOMBIA, 98 A COLOMBIAN BATTALION STATIONED IN THIS AN OIL-REFINING TOWN RECEIVED TWO URGENT COMMUNIQUES FROM THE COUNTRY'S LEADING INTEL AGENCY WARNING THAT RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS MIGHT BE PREPARING TO LAUNCH A MASSACRE. DESPITE THE ALERTS, DOZENS OF HEAVILY ARMED PARAMILITARY TROOPS ROLLED INTO TOWN ON AND UNLEASHED A CAMPAIGN OF TERROR FOR SEVERAL HOURS WITHOUT ENCOUNTERING RESISTANCE FROM A SINGLE SOLDIER OR POLICE OFFICER. THEY KILLED SEVEN PEOPLE AND KIDNAPPED 25 OTHERS. U.S. IS CONDITIONING ITS SUPPORT FOR THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY ON ITS WILLINGNESS TO BREAK ITS TIES WITH THE PARAMILITARY FORCES, WHICH HAVE BEEN OPERATING HERE FOR MORE THAN 30 YEARS. THE NEW PRESIDENT [WITH U.S. ADVICE] TOOK THE UNUSUAL STEP OF REACHING BEYOND HIGHER RANKING GENERALS TO NAME THE NEW COMMANDERS OF THE ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE, PASSING OVER SENIOR OFFICERS AND FORCING SEVERAL GENERALS WITH KNOWN TIES TO PARAMILITARY ORGS TO RETIRE. THE RECORDS OF THOSE PROMOTED WERE REVIEWED BY COLOMBIAN AND U.S. INTEL TO MAKE SURE THEY WERE ACCEPTABLE. WASHINGTON POST 8/13/98 A23 COLOMBIA, 98 COLOMBIAN GEN. IVAN RAMIREZ QUINTERO, ACCUSED BY U.S. OF PROTECTING RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS, SAID HE WAS ENDING HIS MILITARY CAREER BUT DENIED HE WAS A PAID INFORMANT FOR CIA. RAMIREZ DESCRIBED AS "DEFAMATORY" A WASHINGTON POST STORY LINKING HIM TO THOSE ORGS WHILE ON THE CIA'S PAYROLL IN THE LATE 1980S AND EARLY 1990S. COLOMBIA'S NEWLY ELECTED PRESIDENT, ANDRES PASTRANA, DISMISSED THE MILITARY HIGH COMMAND SUNDAY AND NAMED NEW LEADERS. RAMIREZ SAID HE HAD KNOWN AND WORKED WITH EVERY CIA STATION CHIEF AT THE U.S. EMBASSY IN BOGOTA SINCE 1988 BUT WAS NOT A PAID INFORMANT. U.S. OFFICIALS SAID RAMIREZ HAD BEEN A CIA INFORMANT, BUT THAT CIA SEVERED RELATIONS WITH HIM IN 1995 BECAUSE HE WAS PROTECTING PARAMILITARY ORGS. RAMIREZ WAS A KEY FIGURE IN MILITARY INTEL IN THE PAST 15 YEARS IN COLOMBIA. HE WAS THE FIRST OFFICER TO COMMAND A SPECIAL MILITARY INTEL NETWORK DESIGNED BY THE U.S. AND SET UP IN 1992. BEFORE THAT HE WAS COMMANDER OF THE INFAMOUS 20TH BRIGADE, DISBANDED THIS YEAR BECAUSE ITS MEMBERS HAD CARRIED OUT MURDERS FOR MORE THAN A DECADE. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS, STATE AND EUROPEAN NATIONS HAVE DENOUNCED THE TIES BETWEEN THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR KILLING THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE, AND THE ARMY. WASHINGTON POST 8/12/98 A20 COLOMBIA, 98 COLOMBIAN MILITARY DISMANTLES AN ARMY INTEL UNIT IMPLICATED IN SEVERAL KILLINGS OF CIVILIANS AND ACCUSED BY THE U.S. OF PROMOTING DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY. <5/21/98 A31 COLOMBIA, 99 U.S HAS FOR THE FIRST TIME BEGUN SHARING SENSITIVE REAL-TIME INTEL ON THE GUERRILLAS WITH THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY. NEW GUIDELINES, AUTHORIZED IN MARCH BY AN INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE LED BY THE STATE, REPRESENTS A SHIFT AWAY FROM A LONG-STANDING POLICY THAT ONLY LIMITED INTEL COULD BE SHARED WITH COLOMBIAN ARMY AND ONLY WHEN THE IT WAS DIRECTLY RELATED TO COUNTER-DRUG ACTIVITIES. COLOMBIA, WHICH PRODUCES 80 PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S COCAINE AND ABOUT TWO-THIRDS OF THE HEROIN CONSUMED IN THE U.S., WILL RECEIVE $300 MILLION IN U.S. COUNTER-DRUG AID THIS YEAR, MAKING IT THE THIRD-LARGEST MILITARY AID RECIPIENT IN THE WORLD, AFTER ISRAEL AND EGYPT. THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC), WITH ABOUT 15,000 COMBATANTS, AND THE NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY (ELN), WITH ABOUT 5,000 COMBATANTS, CONTROL ABOUT 50 PERCENT OF COLOMBIA'S TERRITORY. BOTH INSURGENT GROUPS DERIVE MUCH OF THEIR MONEY--UP TO $600 MILLION A YEAR -- FROM PROTECTING DRUG TRAFFICKERS, THEIR ROUTES AND LABS. A SUCCESSFUL ATTACK WAS THE LATEST IN A SERIES OF DEVASTATING MILITARY DEFEATS OVER THE PAST 18 MONTHS, SETBACKS A PENTAGON SPOKESMAN SAID LED TO A "POLICY DETERMINATION TO EXPAND THE DEFINITION OF COUNTER-NARCOTICS TO ANYTHING THAT POSES A THREAT TO COUNTER-DRUG FORCES." "U.S. EMBASSY OFFICIALS (WILL) ROUTINELY PROVIDE INTEL TO COLOMBIAN UNITS UNDER CONTROL OF THE JOINT [MILITARY AND POLICE] TASK FORCE," SAID A REPORT ON COLOMBIA RELEASED LAST WEEK BY GAO. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS SAID THE NEW GUIDELINES WERE ALARMING BECAUSE THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY HAS PROVIDED INTEL TO PARAMILITARY GROUPS THAT TARGET HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS, LABOR LEADERS AND OTHER CIVILIANS THAT ARE SUSPECTED LEFTISTS. A PENTAGON OFFICIAL SAID WE HAD NO CHOICE BUT TO EXPAND INTEL COOPERATION. WASHINGTON POST 7/10/99 A13 COLUMBIA, FOR YEARS COLOMBIAN GEN. IVAN RAMIREZ QUINTERO WAS A KEY SOURCE FOR THE U.S. AFTER TRAINING IN D.C. HE WAS THE FIRST HEAD OF A MILITARY INTEL ORG DESIGNED BY U.S. TO FIGHT MARXIST GUERRILLAS AND DRUG TRAFFICKERS, AND SERVED AS A LIAISON AND PAID INFORMANT FOR CIA. DURING MANY OF THOSE YEARS HE WAS FUNNELING INFO TO THE CIA. RAMIREZ, NOW THE ARMY'S THIRD IN COMMAND, MAINTAINED CLOSE TIES TO RIGHT-WING PARAMILITARY GROUPS WHO FINANCE MUCH OF THEIR ACTIVITIES THROUGH DRUG TRAFFICKING. "WE BEGAN TO HEAR OF RAMIREZ'S TIES TO DRUG TRAFFICKING, PARAMILITARY ACTIVITIES AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE MID-1990S." [CIA] SEVERED CONTACT WITH HIM BECAUSE OF THAT IN 1995." COLOMBIAN PRESIDENT ANDRES PASTRANA -- TWO DAYS AFTER TAKING OFFICE -- DISMISSED THE ENTIRE MILITARY HIGH COMMAND. PARAMILITARY GROUPS, OFTEN OPERATING UNDER THE PROTECTION OF THE MILITARY, WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR 70 PERCENT OF THE POLITICAL MURDERS IN COLOMBIA IN 1997. PARAMILITARY GROUPS ARE NOW OPERATING LARGE COCAINE LABORATORIES IN CASANARE AND META PROVINCES IN CENTRAL COLOMBIA. IN 1991, SEEKING TO BEEF UP THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY'S CAPABILITIES, THE U.S. SENT AN INTEL ASSESSMENT TEAM TO HELP REDESIGN THE MILITARY'S INTEL STRUCTURE. THE FOLLOWING YEAR, RAMIREZ WAS NAMED THE FIRST COMMANDER OF MILITARY INTEL. WASHINGTON POST 8/11/98 A14 EL SALVADOR, 80-91 TRUTH COMMISSION REPORT SAYS 19 OF 27 SALVADORAN OFFICERS IMPLICATED IN 6 JESUIT MURDERS WERE GRADUATES OF U.S. ARMY'S SCHOOL OF AMERICAS IN FORT BENNING, GA. ALMOST THREE QUARTERS OF SALVADORAN OFFICERS ACCUSED IN 7 OTHER MASSACRES WERE TRAINED AT FORT BENNING. IT CALLED SCHOOL FOR DICTATORS. SINCE 46 IT HAS TRAINED MORE THAN 56,000 LATIN SOLDIERS. GRADUATES INCLUDE SOME OF REGION'S MOST DESPICABLE MILITARY STRONGMEN. NOW WHEN U.S. WANTS TO BUILD DEMOCRACY, SCHOOL AN OBSTACLE. NEWSWEEK INVESTIGATION TURNED UP HUNDREDS OF LESS THAN HONORABLE GRADS. AT LEAST 6 PERUVIAN OFFICERS LINKED TO A MILITARY DEATH SQUAD THAT KILLED 9 STUDENTS AND A PROFESSOR WERE GRADUATES. FOUR OF FIVE SENIOR HONDURAN OFFICERS ACCUSED IN AMERICAS WATCH REPORT OF ORGANIZING A DEATH SQUAD - BATTALION 316 WERE TRAINED THERE. A COALITION CHARGED 246 COLOMBIAN OFFICERS WITH HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS; 105 WERE SCHOOL ALUMNI. HONORED GRADUATES INCLUDE GEN SUAREZ, A BRUTAL DICTATOR OF BOLIVIA; GEN. CALLEJAS YCALLEJAS, CHIEF OF GUATEMALAN INTEL IN LATE 70s AND EARLY 80s, WHEN THOUSANDS POLITICAL OPPONENTS WERE ASSASSINATED; AND HONDURAN GEN. GARCIA A CORRUPT PERSONS; AND, HERNANDEZ, ARMED FORCES CHIEF OF COLOMBIA SUSPECTED OF AIDING COLOMBIAN DRUG TRAFFICKERS. NEWSWEEK 8/9/93 36-7 HONDURAS, ISRAEL. DURING CONTRA WAR HONDURAN MILITARY INTEL OFFICERS ON DOUBLE SALARY FROM CIA AND COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS, WHO SAW ADVANTAGE OF USING HONDURAN AIRSTRIPS FOR TRANSITING COCAINE UNDER COVER OF WAR EFFORT. ISRAELIS ALSO TRAINED HONDURAN DEATH SQUADS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 225 LATIN AMERICA, 60-95 COLONEL ALPIREZ ACCUSED KILLER OF AMERICAN INNKEEPER AND GUERRILA LEADER, GRADUATED FROM SCHOOL OF AMERICAS IN 89. OTHER NOTABLE ALUMNI INCLUDE: MANUEAL NOREIGA AND OMAR TORRIJOS, FORMER PANIMANIAM STRONGMEN; ROBERTO D'AUBUISSON, LEADER OF SALVADORAN DEATH SQUADS; ROBERTO VIOLA AND LEOPOLDO GALTIERI, LEADWERS OF ARGENTINE DIRTY WAR; MICHAEL FRANCOIS, FORMER HAITIAN POLICE CHIEF; 19 OF 27 SALVADOREAN OFFICERS CITED FOR MURDER OF SIX JESUIT PRIESTS; 10 OF 12 SALVADORAN OFFICERS INVOLVED IN EL MOZOTE MASSACRE; 105 OF 247 COLOMBIAN OFFICERS CITED FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN 92; AND, FORMER DICTATORS OF BOLIVIA, ECUADOR, AND PERU. TIME 4/10/95 20 DECEPTION LATIN AMERICA, 61 CUBAN OPS BRANCH CLAIMS CASTRO SENT ARMS TO GUERRILLAS IN COLOMBIA AND ECUADOR TO USE AGAINST PERU. PROPAGANDA THEME PROMOTED BY CIA IS DANGER OF PENETRATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE THROUGH CUBA. AGEE, P. (1975). INSIDE THE COMPANY: CIA DIARY 147 DEFENSE DEPT LATIN AMERICA, 93 300 U.S. SOLDIERS TRAVELED TO 12 NATIONS TO HELP TRAIN LATIN AMERICAN FORCES. IN 9/94 ELITE UNITS FROM VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, AND ECUADOR CAME TO FORT CHAFFEE'S JOINT READINESS TRAINING CENTER TO WORK WITH U.S. TROOPS. ALSO INVITED WERE SENIOR GENERALS FROM BRAZIL, ARGENTINA AND CHILE AND HUMAN RIGHTS REPS TO TEACH RE HUMAN RIGHTS. U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT 10/3/94 18 DOCUMENT CHILE, 70 CIA STAFF OFFICER BRUCE MACMASTER STATED THAT WHILE IN CHILE HE OSTENSIBLY REPRESENTING AMERICAN BUSINESS INTERESTS SUCH AS THE FORD AND ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS AND OTHER UNIDENTIFIED U.S. BUSINESS INTERESTS. MACMASTER TRAVELED ON A FALSIFIED COLOMBIAN PASSPORT TO CHILE TO MEET WITH COUP PLOTTERS. HE TOLD IT WAS THE STUDENT GROUP THAT WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MACHINE GUN ATTACK ON GENERAL SCHNEIDER. ATLANTIC 12/82 P55 DOMESTIC OP 59-98 A REVIEW OF ANGUS MACKENZIE'S "SECRETS: THE CIA'S WAR AT HOME." REVIEW BY STUART H. LOORY OF THE U. OF MISSOURI SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM. COLOMBIA JOURNALISM REVIEW MARCH/APR 98 56-7 IN 89 FEDERAL JUDGE ORDERED IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE TO REVEAL ITS SECRET LIST OF BARRED ALIENS, EXCEPT FOR THOSE CLEARLY INVOLVED WITH NATIONAL SECURITY. ORDER WAS GIVEN FOLLOWING A LAWSUIT AGAINST CIA AND FBI BY COLOMBIAN JOURNALIST PATRICIA LARA, WHO WAS REFUSED ENTRY TO U.S. AT NEW YORK IN 1986. 40,000 PERSONS ARE BELIEVED TO BE ON LIST. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 9/27/89 4 USSR, COLOMBIA, KOREA, AND EGYPT. ALLEGED INTEL FAILURES AT BOGATA, KOREA, AND SUEZ FORMED A BACKDROP TO EARLIER PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS; NONE MORE SIGNIFICANT THAN THE MISSILE GAP AND CUBAN ISSUES IN 60 JEFFREYS-JONES, R. (1989). THE CIA & AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 117 DRUGS 50-96 WHEN THE 11/22/96 EDITION OF THE WALL STREET JOURNAL BROKE THE STORY, OF THE INDICTMENT OF VENEZUELAN GEN. RAMON GUILLEN FOR SMUGGLING COCAINE IT SOUNDED SERIOUS, ESPECIALLY SINCE "HE HEADED A SPECIAL CIA-FINANCED VENEZUELAN NATIONAL GUARD ANTINARCOTICS GROUP." U.S. OFFICIALS SAID GEN. GUILLEN SMUGGLED "AS MUCH AS 22 TONS OF COCAINE INTO THE U.S." THE REPORT QUOTED A 1993 CBS-TV "60 MINUTES" BROADCAST WHICH INCLUDED AN INTERVIEW WITH DEA STATION CHIEF ANNABELLE GRIMM, WHO SAID SHE HAD REJECTED CIA REQUESTS TO MAKE "UNCONTROLLED" DELIVERIES OF COCAINE TO THE U.S. BY THE VENEZUELAN OPERATION. BUT THE DELIVERIES WERE MADE ANYWAY, APPARENTLY AGAIN AND AGAIN AND AGAIN. THE UNIT PLACED A SPY IN THE RANKS OF A COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTEL AND BEGAN TRYING TO WIN THE CONFIDENCE OF DRUG LORDS BY HANDLING SHIPMENTS TOTALING 22 TONS OF COCAINE BEING SHIPPED THROUGH VENEZUELA. REUTERS DESCRIBED GEN. GUILLEN AS THE "FORMER HEAD OF THE VENEZUELAN NATIONAL GUARD" AND "ONE OF THE CIA'S MOST TRUSTED SOURCES IN VENEZUELA...." GONE WAS ANY MENTION THAT THIS WAS, IN FACT, A CIA OP. (JIM HARGROVE) JIMH WWA.COM 3/18/98 82-96 DCI DEUTCH ANSWERS A QUESTION AFTER A SPEECH AT GEORGETOWN U. 9/5/96 RE ARTICLES IN THE SAN JOSE MERCURY THAT CIA WAS INVOLVED WITH THOSE CONNECTED WITH THE DRUG TRAFFICKING TRADE IN THE EARLY '80S IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. DEUTCH: THERE HAS BEEN EXTENSIVE REPORTING IN THE SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWSPAPER THAT IN THE PAST, THERE WAS A CIA CONNECTION BETWEEN DRUG TRAFFICKERS FROM COLOMBIA. FIRST OF ALL, WE'VE REVIEWED PAST INFORMATION. THERE HAVE BEEN FREQUENT PAST INDEPENDENT STUDIES. THEY'RE FINDING NO CONNECTION WHATSOEVER. I HAVE JUST WRITTEN TODAY TO CONGRESSMAN MAXINE WATERS, TO SENATOR BOXER, AND TO CONGRESSMAN DICKS, WHO HAVE RAISED INQUIRIES ABOUT THIS, THAT WE HAVE ASKED OUR INDEPENDENT INSPECTOR GENERAL TO TAKE A FRESH LOOK AT IT AGAIN. TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, THERE HAS NOT BEEN THE CONNECTION THAT WAS ALLEGED IN THE SAN JOSE NEWSPAPER.... EMAIL DUANE TAURUS.OAC.UCI.EDU 9/5/96 90-97 ALLEGED CIA LINK COULD TANGLE MIAMI DRUG TRIAL. U.S. PROSECUTORS SAY SUBJECT HELPED SMUGGLE DRUGS INTO THE U.S. WHILE HIS BOSS, A GENERAL ALSO NOW WANTED ON U.S. DRUGS CHARGES, ALLEGEDLY WORKED FOR CIA. ADOLFO ROMERO GOMEZ CHARGED. CENTERPIECE OF THE INDICTMENT CHARGES ROMERO WAS THAT HIS BOSS, GEN. RAMON GUILLEN DAVILA, WHO LATER CLAIMED TO BE A CIA OPERATIVE, SMUGGLED UP TO 22 TONS OF COCAINE INTO THE U.S. WHILE HE WAS CHIEF OF VENEZUELA'S NATIONAL GUARD ANTI-DRUG BUREAU BETWEEN 1987 AND 1991. THE FORMER HEAD OF VENEZUELA'S NATIONAL GUARD HAS ACKNOWLEDGED THAT HE HELPED SHIP 2.3 TONS OF COCAINE THROUGH VENEZUELA, BUT HE SAID IT WAS PART OF AN OP SANCTIONED BY THE CIA THAT TARGETED COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTEL LEADERS. REUTER 9/15/97 92-93 NOW CIA DEVELOPING AGENTS IN CALI AND MEDELLIN CARTELS. CIA HELPED ORGANIZE 89 AMBUSH OF DRUG KINGPIN JOSE GONZALO RODRIGUEZ GACHA WHO KILLED IN FIREFIGHT WITH COLOMBIAN POLICE. NEWSWEEK 4/12/93 31 94 U.S. SHOULD NOT RESUME TRACKING DRUG FLIGHTS IN COLOMBIA AND PERU UNLESS THE TWO COUNTRIES PROMISE THEY WILL NOT USE IT TO SHOOT DOWN CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT SUSPECTED OF TRAFFICKING. WASHINGTON POST 7/15/94 A12 95-96 FROM DCI DEUTCH'S "WORLDWIDE THREAT ASSESSMENT TO THE SSCI" ON 2/22/96. ENOUGH COCA LEAF WAS GROWN TO PRODUCE NEARLY 800 METRIC TONS OF COCAINE. DESPITE THE DISRUPTIONS CAUSED BY THE ARRESTS AND SURRENDER LAST SUMMER OF SEVEN OF ITS EIGHT TOP LEADERS, THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND OPS CONTINUE. ILLICIT WORLDWIDE OPIUM PRODUCTION EXCEEDED 4,000 METRIC TONS IN 1995, ENOUGH TO PRODUCE NEARLY 400 METRIC TONS OF HEROIN. BURMA IS SOURCE OF MOST HEROIN AVAILABLE IN US, BUT OPIUM PRODUCTION IN AFGHANISTAN HAS SKYROCKETED SINCE 1990 AND COLOMBIA HAS SURPASSED MEXICO AS LARGEST PRODUCER OF OPIUM IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE. STATES OF FORMER SOVIET UNION ARE BECOMING A MAJOR CONDUIT FOR HEROIN. THE INTEL COMMUNITY ALSO DEVELOPED AN AERIAL IMAGERY RECONNAISSANCE TRACKING AND PLOTTING SYSTEM TO HELP BETTER MANAGE AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE COLLECTION AGAINST DRUG TRAFFICKERS. IWR 2/24/96 ALDER BERRIMAN ("BARRY") SEAL: CONVICTED DRUG SMUGGLER WHO TOOK PHOTOGRAPHS ALLEGEDLY SHOWING SANDINISTA OFFICIAL FEDERICO VAUGHAN AND COLOMBIAN KINGPIN PABLO ESCOBAR LOADING COCAINE ONTO SEAL'S PLANE. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 262 BOLIVIA. ROBERTO SUARZ GOMEZ: BOLIVIAN COCAINE TRAFFICKER UNTIL ARRESTED 88 AFTER FALLING OUT WITH COLOMBIAN CARTELS. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 262 BOLIVIA, PERU, AND COLOMBIA, 89 BUSH ADM NEW ANTI-DRUG CAMPAIGN DESIGNED TO BOLSTER CI EFFORTS. WILL PROVIDE $261 MILLION IN MOSTLY MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AID. U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL, INCLUDING SPECIAL FORCES WILL TRAIN AND SUPPORT LOCAL FORCES FIGHTING THE TRAFFICKERS. WASHINGTON POST 10/19/89 A24 BRAZIL, ECUADOR, VENEZUELA, 92 EXTENT OF DRUG ACTIVITIES IN THOSE COUNTRIES UNKNOWN DUE TO A LACK OF INFO. LEVELS NOT BELIEVED SIGNIFICANT COMPARED WITH THOSE OF COLOMBIA, BOLIVIA AND PERU. COUNTRIES HAVE LIMITED COUNTERING PROGRAMS AND RECEIVE LIMITED U.S. SUPPORT. U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE NSIAD-92-226 1 CARBBEAN, 90-98 A BUSINESSMAN HAS ADMITTED DELIVERING $4.6 MILLION IN DRUG CASH, ENTERING A GUILTY PLEA IN A DEAL THAT AVOIDS A MESSY TRIAL FOR FEDERAL PROSECUTORS WHOSE CHIEF WITNESS WAS A SCAM ARTIST WITH POSSIBLE CIA TIES. FRANCO NOCITO, 50, WHO RUNS A NEW YORK INVESTMENT FIRM WITH MAJOR INTERESTS IN THE CARIBBEAN, PLEADED GUILTY EARLIER TO ONE COUNT OF MONEY-LAUNDERING. HE FACES FIVE YEARS IN PRISON. GUILTY PLEA MEANS GOVT WON'T USE A KEY WITNESS, VINCENT CARRANO, WHO HAS AT LEAST FIVE FRAUD CONVICTIONS AND HAS CONNECTIONS TO U.S. AGENTS. CARRANO PLAYED BOTH SIDES IN THE NICARAGUA CIVIL WAR IN 80S. A FEDERAL PROSECUTOR HELPED HIM AVOID PRISON IN A 1986 FRAUD CASE, VOUCHING FOR CARRANO AS AN INFORMANT. CARRANO PRESENTED PROBLEMS. HE COULD TESTIFY ABOUT NOCITO'S DRUG-CASH DELIVERIES FOR TWO COLOMBIAN SUPPLIERS, BUT HIS PAST ALSO EXPOSED HIM TO QUESTIONS. NOCITO CLAIMED HIS INVOLVEMENT IN MONEY LAUNDERING WAS PROMPTED BY CARRANO, WHO ASSURED HIM THAT RE HIS CIA CONNECTIONS. CARRANO, WAS ACCUSED BY NICARAGUA OF WORKING FOR THE CIA. PROSECUTORS SAID CARRANO HAD HELPED THE DEA AS PART OF AN OP INTO A COLOMBIAN DRUG NETWORK. DEA PAID CARRANO $36,500 FOR INFO AND ALSO ADMITTED HE HAD KEPT $265,000 FROM DRUG PROCEEDS IN 1992. FOR A WHILE, HE COOPERATED WITH DEA AGENTS, ADMITTING HE MADE NUMEROUS DELIVERIES -- INCLUDING $1.6 MILLION IN HOUSTON AND $421,000 IN MIAMI TO AN UNDERCOVER AGENT. IN HIS PLEA DEAL, NOCITO ADMITTED MAKING SIX DELIVERIES OF DRUG CASH TOTALING $4.6 MILLION. MIAMI HERALD 3/17/98 CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-85 DEA BEHIND A FILM CALLED DOUBLECROSSED, CLAIMING CIA WANTED CAMERAS MOUNTED ON THE C-119 AND WAS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MURDER OF BARRY SEAL IN LOUISIANA BY A COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTEL. CLARIDDGE, D. (1997). A SPY FOR ALL SEASONS 287 CENTRAL AMERICA, 82-96 NORWIN MENESES, DANILO BLANDON AND FREEWAY RICK ROSS MADE FORTUNES CREATING THE FIRST MASS MARKET IN AMERICA FOR CRACK COCAINE. RICK ROSS VISITED CRACK UPON BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS IN LOS ANGELES AND CITIES AS FAR EAST AS CINCINNATI. 8/23/96 FREEWAY RICK MAY BE SENT TO PRISON WITHOUT PAROLE. THE TWO MEN WHO TURNED IN RICK ROSS, FOR AT LEAST FIVE YEARS, SUPPLIED HIM WITH COLOMBIAN COCAINE. IN JUNE 79, AFTER THE VICTORY OF SANDINISTAS, OSCAR DANILO BLANDON REYES AGE 29 FLED TO CALIFORNIA. TODAY, DANILO BLANDON IS A WELL-PAID AND TRUSTED OPERATIVE FOR DEA FOR LATIN AMERICA. IN MARCH, HE WAS DEA'S STAR WITNESS AT A DRUG TRIAL IN SAN DIEGO. BLANDON WITH DONALD BARRIOS. BLANDON THEN MET, JUAN NORWIN MENESES CANTARERO AND THEY FLEW TO HONDURAS AND MET COL. ENRIQUE BERMUDEZ. BLANDON AND MENESES STARTED RAISING MONEY FOR THE CONTRAS. NORWIN MENESES, WAS THEN UNDER ACTIVE INVESTIGATION BY DEA AND THE FBI. NORWIN MENESES CAME TO THE U.S. IN JULY 1979 AS A POLITICAL REFUGEE. HE SETTLED IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, AND FOR THE NEXT SIX YEARS SUPERVISED THE IMPORTATION OF THOUSANDS OF KILOS OF COCAINE INTO CALIFORNIA. MENESES CANTANERO'S INVOLVEMENT. RICKY DONNELL ROSS. ROSS AND NEWELL STEADILY BUILT UP CLIENTELE. EVENTUALLY, CORRALES INTRODUCED ROSS AND NEWELL TO HIS SUPPLIER, DANILO BLANDON. WITHIN A YEAR, ROSS' DRUG OP GREW TO DOMINATE INNER-CITY LOS ANGELES. NICARAGUAN COCAINE DEALER JACINTO TORRES, ANOTHER FORMER SUPPLIER OF ROSS AND A SOMETIME-PARTNER OF BLANDON, TOLD DRUG AGENTS IN 92 INTERVIEW THAT BLANDON'S COCAINE BUSINESS DRAMATICALLY INCREASED. ... NORWIN MENESES, BLANDON'S SUPPLIER AS OF 1983 AND 1984, ROUTINELY FLEW QUANTITIES OF 200 TO 400 KILOGRAMS FROM MIAMI TO THE WEST COAST. NORWIN MENESES, OR THE CIA, OR THE SALVADORAN AIR FORCE PLANES THAT ALLEGEDLY FLEW COCAINE INTO AN AIR BASE IN TEXAS. SAN JOSE MERCURY 8/19/96 CENTRAL AMERICA, 85-86 CONVICTED DRUG SMUGGLER GARY BETZNER, A PILOT, AND GEORGE MORALES, A COLOMBIAN EMIGRE UNDER CHARGES OF DRUG SMUGGLING, BOTH CLAIM THAT CIA AGENTS AND OTHER U.S. OFFICIALS HELPED THE CONTRAS RUN DRUGS-OUT GUNS-IN OP. THE DEA AND CIA HELPED THEM. NEWSWEEK 1/26/87 26 CENTRAL AMERICA, 85-87 A MONEY LAUNDERER FOR THE MAJOR COLOMBIAN COCAINE CARTEL TESTIFIED BEFORE CONGRESS THAT HE FUNNELED NEARLY $10 MILLION TO NICARAGUAN CONTRAS THRU FORMER CIA OPERATIVE FELIX RODRIGUEZ. RAMON MILIAN-RODRIGUEZ WHO SERVING TIME IN PRISON SAID THE CARTEL THOUGHT IT WAS CURRYING FAVOR WITH THE CIA. WASHINGTON POST 6/30/87 A4 CENTRAL AMERICA, NICARAGUA, 80-88 KERRY'S SUBCOMMITTEE ISSUED A 1,166 PAGE REPORT ON DRUG CORRUPTION IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN THAT CONCLUDED "THERE WAS SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE OF DRUG SMUGGLING THROUGH THE WAR ZONES ON THE PART OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRAS, CONTRA SUPPLIERS, CONTRA PILOTS, MERCENARIES WHO WORKED WITH THE CONTRAS, AND CONTRA SUPPORTERS THROUGHOUT THE REGION." "SENIOR U.S. POLICY MAKERS WERE NOT IMMUNE TO THE IDEA THAT DRUG MONEY WAS THE PERFECT SOLUTION TO THE CONTRA'S FUNDING PROBLEMS." THE COMMITTEE DISCOVERED THAT STATE DEPARTMENT CONTRACTS WORTH $806,000 WENT TO NO FEWER THAN FOUR AID CONDUITS OWNED AND OPERATED BY NARCOTICS TRAFFICKERS. ONE OF THESE WAS SETCO AIR, A HONDURAN CARGO FIRM HIRED BY STATE TO TRANSPORT GOODS TO THE CONTRAS IN 85 AND 86. FIRM A FRONT FOR RAMON MATTA BALLESTEROS A CLASS I DEA VIOLATOR. REAGAN ADM PROTECTION OF MATTA, REPRESENTED A BIGGER BLOW TO THE WAR ON DRUGS THAN SMUGGLING OPS OF ANY PARTICULAR RESISTANCE GROUP. MATTA PRACTICALLY OWNED HONDURAS, WHERE HE CORRUPTED THE SAME RULING MILITARY OFFICERS WHOM THE CIA RELIED ON. THE CIA BLOCKED A PROPOSAL BY DEA AGENTS AND THE DEA SHUT DOWN ITS OFFICE IN TEGUCIGALPA. HONDURAS THEN BECAME A BOOMING CENTER FOR MULTI-TON LOADS OF COLOMBIAN COCAINE. MARSHALL, J. (1991). DRUG WARS 44-5 CENTRAL AMERICA, NICARAGUA, 80-96 "IF THERE WAS A CRIMINAL MASTERMIND BEHIND CRACK'S DECADE LONG REIGN, IF THERE WAS ONE OUTLAW CAPITALIST MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR FLOODING LOS ANGELES' STREETS WITH MASS-MARKETED COCAINE, HIS NAME WAS FREEWAY RICK. HE DIDN'T MAKE THE DRUG AND HE DIDN'T SMUGGLE IT ACROSS THE BORDER, BUT RICKY DONNELL ROSS DID MORE THAN ANYONE ELSE TO DEMOCRATIZE IT, BOOSTING VOLUME, SLASHING PRICES, AND SPREADING DISEASE ON A SCALE NEVER BEFORE CONCEIVED. HE WAS...SOUTH CENTRAL [L.A.]'S FIRST MILLIONAIRE CRACK LORD." [ROSS] TRANSFORMED A CURBSIDE OPERATION AT 87TH AND FIGUEROA INTO THE WAL-MART OF COCAINE. HIS COAST-TO-COAST CONGLOMERATE WAS SELLING MORE THAN 500,000 ROCKS A DAY, A STAGGERING TURNOVER THAT PUT THE DRUG WITHIN REACH OF ANYONE WITH A FEW DOLLARS. BY THE END OF DECADE, HE HAD HELPED CUT WHOLESALE RATES FROM $60,000 A KILO TO JUST $10,000. NOWHERE HAS THAT [CRACK] ECHOED MORE THAN IN SOUTH CENTRAL LOS ANGELES. "SOUTH CENTRAL STREET GANGS, PROVIDED A READY MADE DISTRIBUTION NET FOR [CRACK]. A 1989 BY STUDY OF THE U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL, DESCRIBED THE BLOODS AND CRIPS AS THE NATION'S MOST POWERFUL CRACK TRAFFICKING RING, URBAN TERRORISTS WHO HAD ACHIEVED DOMINANCE IN AT LEAST 47 CITIES, DUE IN PART TO THEIR STEADY RECOURSE TO MURDEROUS VIOLENCE.'" ROSS MADE CONTACT WITH NICARAGUAN DRUG DEALERS HENRY CORRALES AND IVAN ARGUELLAS, WHO SUPPLIED HIM "PROBABLY FOR 1982 OR 1983." THROUGH THEM, "ROSS WAS INTRODUCED TO A CIRCLE OF NICARAGUAN DEALERS, ALTERNATELY FRIENDS AND COMPETITORS, INCLUDING BLANDON," WHO STATES THAT HE SOLD ROSS 50 TO 100 KILOS A WEEK. 1996 ALSO STATES THERE THAT "MEANWHILE, ROSS CONTINUED TO CULTIVATE OTHER SOURCES OF COCAINE," STILL DEALING WITH THOSE BUT ALSO INCLUDING "NICARAGUAN RIVALS JACINTO AND EDGAR TORRES." BOTH 1994 AND 1996 LAT ARTICLES SUGGEST THAT BY THE YEAR 1984 ROSS WAS ALSO DEALING WITH COLOMBIAN CARTELS DIRECTLY (COLOMBIANS WERE ALSO SUPPLYING THE NICARAGUAN RINGS). 96 LAT ARTICLE MENTION ROSS' DEALINGS "DURING THE 1980S" WITH DAVID CHOW, A MAJOR COCAINE DISTRIBUTOR IN THE LOS ANGELES AREA. THE ANALYSIS QUOTES FROM THE LOS ANGELES TIMES 12/20/94 A-20,22 AND 10/20-22/96. EMERALD AZTEC.ASU (MARK ADKINS) 10/31/96 CENTRAL AMERICA, NICARAGUA, 80-98 IN 84 CIA REPORTS INVOLVEMENT OF EDEN PASTORA SUBORDINATE ADOLFO "POPO" CHAMORRO WITH BIG MIAMI TRAFFICKER, JORGE MORALES. CIA, THEN ENDING SUPPORT FOR PASTORA, REPORTED TO DOJ ON 9/11/84 THAT MORALES GAVE PASTORA'S FRS TWO HELICOPTERS AND A DC-3 AND TWO PILOTS ON CONDITION FRS HELP PILOTS FLY COLOMBIAN DRUGS TO US. (NOTE: POPO CHAMORRO BECAME NICARAGUAN CONSUL IN MIAMI FOLLOWING 90 ELECTION OF VIOLETA CHAMORRO AS PRESIDENT OF NICARAGUA BUT HAD TO BE WITHDRAWN WHEN EVIDENCE OF HIS DRUG CONNECTIONS BECAME PUBLIC). MORALES LATER CONVICTED IN US OF DRUG DEALING AND IMPRISONED IN 86. IN PRISON SAYS HE DEALT IN 84 WITH CIA CONTACTS POPO AND OCTAVIANO CESAR ARRANGING ARMS SHIPMENTS TO CIA ASSET JOHN HULL'S COSTA RICAN RANCH AND FLYING COCAINE FROM RANCH TO COLOMBIANS IN FLORIDA UNTIL HIS ARREST IN 86. CESAR AND CHAMORRO DENY KNOWLEDGE. CONTRA RELIANCE ON DRUG MONEY GROWS DURING 84-86 CONGRESSIONAL (BOLAND AMENDMENT) AID CUTOFF. DEA CONCERNED WITH COSTA RICAN GERALDO DURAN FLYING 400 KILOS OF COCAINE FOR CONTRAS TO BAHAMAS AND MIAMI IN 1/86. DURAN NOT ARRESTED BY DEA BUT CONVICTED IN COSTA RICA IN 92. IF MAG SPECIAL REPORT 9/10/98 "CONTRA-COCAINE: NYT DILEMMA" 1-20 CENTRAL AMERICA, NICARAGUA, 81-96 TWO NICARAGUANS, NORWIN MENESES AND OSCAR DANILO BLANDON, WERE NOT INSTRUMENTAL TO THE CRACK EPIDEMIC AND PROBABLY CONTRIBUTED $30,000 TO $60,000 OF DRUG PROFITS TO THE CONTRAS RATHER THAN THE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS PER A WASHINGTON POST ARTICLE. NO EVIDENCE SUBSTANTIATED ACCUSATION THAT CIA ORGANIZED OR PARTICIPATED IN DRUG TRAFFICKING BY THE CONTRAS, OR THAT THE AGENCY AND THE CONTRAS TARGETED THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY. BUT IN EARLY 1980S, WHEN CIA BEGAN MODEST FUNDING OF VARIOUS NICARAGUAN REBELS WHO WANTED TO OVERTHROW THE LEFTIST SANDINISTA REGIME IN MANAGUA, SEVERAL EXISTING CONTRA GROUPS WERE ALREADY GETTING SUPPORT FROM COLOMBIAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN DRUG TRAFFICKERS. FORMER CIA DIRECTOR WILLIAM H. WEBSTER SAID IN HE WAS TOLD IN THE LATE 1980S THAT BEFORE THE CIA BEGAN FUNDING THE CONTRAS IN EARNEST IN 1983, "SOME CONTRA GROUPS. . . TURNED TO DRUGS." DCI WEBSTER, HIS SUCCESSOR, ROBERT M. GATES, AND SEVERAL FORMER SENIOR CIA OFFICERS ALL SAID THEY NEVER HEARD OF ANY DIRECT INVOLVEMENT BY CIA EMPLOYEES IN ENCOURAGING OR SUPPORTING CONTRA DRUG TRAFFICKING. WASHINGTON POST 10/31/96 A1 CENTRAL AMERICA, NICARAGUA, COSTA RICA, 80-90 COCAINE TRAFFICKERS AND MONEY-LAUNDERERS SWARMED THROUGH THE NICARAGUAN CONTRA MOVEMENT IN THE 1980S TO A FAR GREATER EXTENT THAN WAS EVER KNOWN, PER A REPORT BY THE CIA'S INSPECTOR GENERAL. ONE CONTRA TRAFFICKER CLAIMED RONALD REAGAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL CLEARED HIS WORK. THE NSC'S FAVORITE COVERT AIRLINE ALSO WAS UNDER SUSPICION. IN AN DOCUMENT RELEASED ON OCT. 8 -- AND NEARLY IGNORED BY THE MAJOR NEWS MEDIA -- CIA IG HITZ CONFIRMED LONG-STANDING ALLEGATIONS OF COCAINE TRAFFICKING BY CONTRA FORCES AND IDENTIFIED MORE THAN 50 CONTRAS AND CONTRA-RELATED ENTITIES IMPLICATED IN THE DRUG TRADE. HITZ DETAILED, TOO, HOW THE REAGAN ADM PROTECTED THESE DRUG OPS AND FRUSTRATED FEDERAL INVESTIGATIONS WHICH THREATENED TO EXPOSE THESE CRIMES. HITZ'S REPORT EVIDENCED THAT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND MONEY LAUNDERING TRACKED DIRECTLY INTO REAGAN'S NSC WHERE LT. COL. OLIVER L. NORTH OVERSAW CONTRA OPS. CIA PLACED AN ADMITTED DRUG MONEY LAUNDERER IN CHARGE OF THE SOUTHERN FRONT CONTRAS IN COSTA RICA. THE SECOND-IN-COMMAND OF CONTRA FORCES ON THE NORTHERN FRONT IN HONDURAS HAD ESCAPED FROM A COLOMBIAN PRISON WHERE HE WAS SERVING TIME FOR A DRUG CONVICTION. IN THE LENGTHY REPORT -- VOLUME TWO OF A TWO-VOLUME SET ON CONTRA DRUG ALLEGATIONS -- HITZ CONTINUED TO DEFEND THE CIA ON ONE NARROW POINT: THAT THE CIA DID NOT CONSPIRE WITH THE CONTRAS TO RAISE MONEY THROUGH COCAINE TRAFFICKING. ROBERT PARRY'S CONSORTIUM 10/15/98 COLOMBIAN DRUG FLOW UNABATED. WASHINGTON POST 3/9/93 A14 COLOMBIA, 86-94 JOE TOFT RETIRED FROM DEA AFTER 7 YEARS AS CHIEF U.S. DRUG AGENT IN COLOMBIA. HE CALLS COLOMBIA A "NARCO-DEMOCRACY." WASHINGTON TIMES 10/19/94 A10 COLOMBIA, 89-98 CIA RESPONSIBLE FOR PROLIFERATION OF DRUG TRAFFICKING IN MAGDALENA VALLEY SINCE IT SUPPORTED RIGHT-WING COUNTERINSURGENCY FORCES WHO RUN DRUGS. BUT CIA HAS ALSO HELPED COMBAT DRUG TRAFFICKING IN COLOMBIA. A YOUNG TECHNO-MINDED CIA TEAM LED THE CALI BUST. NET RESULT OF CIA OPS HAS NOT SLOWED DOWN THE DRUG TRADE. MAINLY THE CIA HAS FUELED A CIVIL WAR THAT HAS TAKEN AN APPALLING TOLL ON CIVILIANS. THE PROGRESSIVE 6/98 26 COLOMBIA, 89 STEPPED UP AMERICAN DRUG INTERDICTION IN COLOMBIA, INCLUDING CIA'S COUNTER NARCOTICS CENTER AND DEA'S ANTI-DRUG OPERATIONS, MAY LEAD TO ATTACKS ON U.S. CITIZENS/PROPERTY BY DRUG LORDS ACCORDING TO WITNESSES BEFORE SENATE GOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS COMMITTEE ON 11 SEP 89. DEA INFORMANT BARRY SEAL WAS ASSASSINATED IN 1987, THE FIRST SUCH INCIDENT. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 9/27/89 3 COLOMBIA, 93 ARTICLE, "GLOBAL MAFIA: THE NEW GLOBAL MAFIA POSES THE MOST SERIOUS CRIMINAL THREAT IN HISTORY." A NEWSWEEK TEAM SPENT SEVERAL MONTHS WRITING ARTICLE. AROUND GLOBE INTEL AGENCIES ARE REFOCUSING EFFORTS FROM SPIES TO CRIMINALS - ROY GODSON A SOURCE (SIC). CIA IS INVESTIGATING WHETHER ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS COULD ACQUIRE NUCLEAR WEAPONS. DEATH OF PABLO ESCOBAR IN COLUMBIA VIA A RAID BY BLOQUE DE BUSQUEDA (SEARCH UNIT), AN ELITE POLICE COMMANDO FORCE WHOSE MEMBERS SCREENED BY CIA AND DEA, WHICH HELPED TRAIN THEM. CIA DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN RAID BUT IN BOGOTA, A CIA-RUN TACTICAL ANALYSIS TEAM FED INTEL TO BLOQUE. NSA DIVERTED SPY SATELLITES INTO ORBITS OVER COLUMBIA AND C-130 RECONNAISSANCE PLANES FROM SOUTHERN COMMAND HELPED. ESCOBAR'S PHONE TAPPED. RECENT MEETING BETWEEN CIA AND FBI LAWYERS BROKE UP TESTILY WHEN THEY COULD NOT AGREE HOW TO SHARE CRIME INTEL. CIA HAS PENETRATED CALI CARTEL AND A BRITISH MI6 OPERATIVE HELPED CRACK A RING IN LONDON. FBI HAS CONDUCTED SEMINARS FOR POLISH, CZECH AND HUNGARIANS ON METHODS OF INVESTIGATING ECONOMIC CRIME. NEWSWEEK 12/13/93 17 COLOMBIA, 93 "THE DRUG WAR: COLOMBIA IS UNDERTAKING ANTIDRUG PROGRAMS. BUT IMPACT IS UNCERTAIN." GAO/NSAID-93-158 COLOMBIA, 94 DEA STARTED A PHONY BANK TO CATCH DRUG LORDS IN OP DINERO. BY MID DECEMBER THEY HAD SEIZED 9 TONS OF COCAINE AN D $52 MILLION, MADE 88 ARRESTS WORLDWIDE. BANK ESTABLISHED IN ANGUILLA AN BRITISH DEPENDENCY. DEA RELIED ON IRS PARTNERS. PHONE AND FAX LINES TO PHONY CARIBBEAN BANK ROUTED TO ATLANTA. TOLL-FREE NUMBERS TO BANKS IN VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA AND MEXICO. U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT 1/2/95 34 COLOMBIA, 95 CIA HAS LOANED TECHNICIANS TO COLOMBIA'S SEARCH BRIGADE. NEW YORK TIMES 6/26/95 COLOMBIA, 95 COLOMBIA IS THE SOURCE OF AN ESTIMATED 80 PERCENT OF COCAINE COMING INTO THE UNITED STATES, IS WINNING WAR AGAINST THE CALI DRUG CARTEL. "THE CARTEL IS BEING DISMANTLED AND IS CRUMBLING," SAID LEE BROWN, DIRECTOR OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY. COLOMBIAN NATIONAL POLICE, AIDED IN PART BY INTEL FROM U.S. AGENCIES, HAVE CAPTURED A NUMBER OF PREVIOUSLY UNTOUCHABLE LEADERS OF CALI CARTEL WITHIN PAST MONTH. COLOMBIAN POLICE ALSO ARE CONTINUING OPERATION "SEARCH BLOCKADE," AN OPEN ATTACK ON THE CARTEL, AND MANY DRUG LEADERS HAVE BEEN FORCED TO GIVE UP THEIR OPULENT LIFESTYLES AND GO UNDERGROUND. DEA HAS MORE THAN 50 FIELD OFFICES WORLDWIDE. UPI 8/9/95 COLOMBIA, 95 DCI DEUTCH FLEW TO CALI ON MONDAY TO OBSERVE A MASSIVE POLICE AND ARMY MANHUNT FOR THE CALI CARTEL DRUG LORD WHO ESCAPED FROM PRISON LAST WEEK. CALI, CAPITAL OF GUERRILLA-INFESTED VALLE DEL CAUCA PROVINCE AND HEADQUARTERS OF THE NOTORIOUS DRUG CARTEL, IS ONE OF THE FOCAL POINTS OF THE NATIONWIDE HUNT FOR JOSE SANTACRUZ LONDONO, THE CARTEL KINGPIN WHO ESCAPED IN BROAD DAYLIGHT FROM A MAXIMUM-SECURITY PRISON IN BOGOTA ON THURSDAY. DEUTCH WAS TO RETURN TO BOGOTA FOR TALKS WITH PRESIDENT ERNESTO SAMPER. VISIT COMES FOUR DAYS AFTER U.S.-COLOMBIA TIES TOOK A TURN FOR THE WORSE FOLLOWING THE ESCAPE OF SANTACRUZ, WHO IS WANTED ON DRUG AND MURDER CHARGES IN THE US. THE ESCAPE, PROMPTED IMMEDIATE DEMANDS BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT AND DEA FOR THE REVIVAL OF A U.S.-COLOMBIAN EXTRADITION TREATY SCRAPPED IN 1991 AFTER THE LATE MEDELLIN CARTEL DRUG LORD PABLO ESCOBAR WAGED A CAMPAIGN OF ASSASSINATIONS AND BOMBINGS AGAINST IT. THE U.S. EMBASSY WARNED THAT WASHINGTON COULD DECERTIFY COLOMBIA AS A PARTNER IN THE ANTI-DRUG FIGHT WHEN CERTIFICATION COMES UP FOR RENEWAL IN MARCH. DECERTIFICATION WOULD STRIP COLOMBIA OF IMPORTANT ECONOMIC AID AND TRADE PREFERENCES. REUTER 1/15/96, WASHINGTON TIMES 1/16/96 A9 COLOMBIA, 96-97 1/7/97, U.S. PILOT ROBERT MARTIN, FLYING AN ANTI-DRUG CROPDUSTING MISSION FOR DYNCORP OF RESTON, VIRGINIA, DIED. FROM JANUARY TO JUNE 1995, COLOMBIAN DRUG GROWERS AND THE LEFTIST REBELS HIT 15 CROPDUSTING PLANES AND DOWNED SIX ESCORT HELICOPTERS. IN 1995 AND 1996 AT LEAST 30 COLOMBIAN PILOTS OR POLICE OFFICERS WERE KILLED DURING ANTI- DRUG SPRAYING OPERATIONS. IN EARLY 1996, COLOMBIA CLAIMED IT DIDN'T HAVE THE MATERIAL, RESOURCES OR MANPOWER TO CARRY OUT OPERATIONS DEMANDED BY WASHINGTON, AND AUTHORIZED THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT TO BRING IN MARTIN AND SIX OTHER DYNCORP EMPLOYEES SEVERAL MONTHS AGO. INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 1/27/97 15 COLOMBIA, 96-98 U.S. MILITARY ROLE IN COLOMBIA GROWS SOME CONCERNS ABOUT CREEPING INVOLVEMENT IN COVERT WAR. THE U.S. MILITARY APPEARS HEADED TOWARD A DEEPER ROLE IN COLOMBIA'S DRUG WAR AS LINES BLUR BETWEEN DRUG TRAFFICKERS AND LEFTIST GUERRILLAS. REMINISCENT OF PREVIOUS COUNTERINSURGENCY EFFORTS, IT IS STEPPING INTO A COUNTRY WITH HORRIFYING BLOODSHED AND WHOSE ARMED FORCES FACE QUESTIONS ABOUT THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD. COLETTA YOUNGERS AT THE WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA (WOLA) SAID THE U.S. MILITARY PRESENCE WAS GROWING. ON A GIVEN DAY THERE COULD BE 130-250 PERSONNEL ON THE GROUND, INCLUDING 80 MANNING TWO RADAR STATIONS. EVEN IF THE TRAINING COMES UNDER THE TITLE OF COUNTER-NARCOTICS, IT IS JUST AS APPLICABLE TO COUNTER-INSURGENCY JUNGLE WARFARE. IN DECEMBER THE ADM HAD LOOSENED RESTRICTIONS AND WOULD RELEASE ABOUT $37 MILLION IN 1998 FOR COUNTERINSURGENCY OPS. REUTER 3/2/98 COLOMBIA, 97-98 DIA SAYS COLOMBIA'S MILITARY, BATTLING A MARXIST INSURGENCY FINANCED BY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM THE COCAINE AND HEROIN TRADE, COULD BE DEFEATED WITHIN FIVE YEARS UNLESS THE GOVT REGAINS POLITICAL LEGITIMACY AND ITS ARMED FORCES ARE DRASTICALLY RESTRUCTURED. DIA, THE PRINCIPAL U.S. MILITARY INTEL SERVICE, ESTIMATES THE NUMBER OF MARXIST INSURGENTS IN COLOMBIA AT MORE THAN 20,000 DIVIDED BETWEEN THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC), AND THE NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY (ELN), WITH ABOUT 5,000. THE TWO GROUPS OCCASIONALLY COORDINATE TACTICS, BUT USUALLY OPERATE INDEPENDENTLY. THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY HAS PROVED TO BE INEPT, ILL-TRAINED AND POORLY EQUIPPED. STANDARD MILITARY DOCTRINE HOLDS THAT A REGULAR ARMY NEEDS A 10-TO-1 ADVANTAGE IN SIZE TO DEFEAT A WELL-EQUIPPED AND STEADFAST INSURGENCY. A SENIOR STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL SAID U.S. POLICY IN COLOMBIA "IS TO ASSIST IN FIGHTING NARCOTICS PRODUCTION AND TRAFFICKING. . . . WHEN OUR PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT ARE ATTACKED DURING COUNTER-DRUG OPERATIONS, THEY WILL RETURN FIRE. WE DO NOT, HOWEVER, PROVIDE ASSISTANCE FOR OFFENSIVE COUNTER-GUERRILLA OPERATIONS." THERE ARE ABOUT 200 U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL IN COLOMBIA. ABOUT HALF OPERATE AND PROTECT TWO LARGE RADAR BASES THAT TRACK FLIGHTS OF PLANES PILOTED BY SUSPECTED DRUG TRAFFICKERS. THE REST ARE INVOLVED IN A VARIETY OF TRAINING MISSIONS. WASHINGTON POST 4/10/98 A17 COLOMBIA, 97 THE U.S., FEARFUL THAT MARXIST GUERRILLAS ALLIED WITH DRUG TRAFFICKERS POSE A GROWING THREAT TO COLOMBIA, IS LOOSENING RESTRICTIONS ON AID TO COLOMBIAN ARMED FORCES, WITHHELD FOR YEARS BECAUSE OF THE MILITARY'S HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD. A UNIQUE AGREEMENT WORKED OUT LAST SUMMER -- AND HEAVILY DEBATED -- PERMITS U.S. AID, EXPECTED TO TOTAL ABOUT $37 MILLION IN FISCAL 1998, TO BE USED BY THE COLOMBIAN MILITARY FOR COUNTERINSURGENCY AS PART OF A LARGER PROGRAM TO FIGHT DRUGS. THE AID CAN BE USED ONLY IN A SPECIFICALLY DEFINED GEOGRAPHIC AREA CALLED "THE BOX," WHOSE EXACT BOUNDARIES ARE CLASSIFIED BUT WHICH COVERS ROUGHLY THE SOUTHERN HALF OF THE COUNTRY. CRITICS SAY THE MOVE BRINGS THE U.S. CLOSER TO A VICIOUS, MULTI-SIDED POLITICAL CONFLICT THAT IS DECADES OLD AND HAS COST THOUSANDS OF LIVES. THE COLOMBIAN ARMY AND RIGHT-WING PARAMILITARY GROUPS IT SPONSORS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN SCORES OF CIVILIAN MASSACRES, DISAPPEARANCES AND CASES OF TORTURE. LEADERS OF THE ARMY-BACKED PM GROUPS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN LARGE-SCALE DRUG TRAFFICKING, YET HAVE NOT BEEN SINGLED OUT AS TARGETS OF THE ANTI-DRUG EFFORTS. WASHINGTON POST 12/27/97 A1 COLOMBIA, NICARAGUA, 91 FORMER DRUG CARTEL LEADER CARLOS LEHDER SAID CARTEL MEMBERS PAID AROUND $10 MILLION TO CONTRAS. HE DID NOT SPECIFY WHEN AID WAS GIVEN. LEHDER ALSO SAID HE CONTRIBUTED $500,000 TO POLITICAL PARTY OF BOHAMIAN PRIME MINISTER LYNDEN PINDLING. LEHDER'S STATEMENTS WERE MADE IN NOV 91 WHILE SERVING AS U.S. GOV WITNESS IN ITS CASE AGAINST MANUEL NORIEGA. LEHDER, WHO ADMITTED HE AGREED TO TESTIFY ON BEHALF OF GOV WITH THE HOPE OF OBTAINING EARLY RELEASE FROM HIS LIFE SENTENCE, RELUCTANTLY MADE THE CONTRA-DRUG STATEMENTS UNDER CROSS-EXAMINATION FROM NORIEGA'S DEFENSE ATTORNEY. WASHINGTON POST 11/26/91 A1,8 COLOMBIA. CARLOS LEHDER: COLOMBIAN DRUG TRAFFICKER, EXTRADITED TO UNITED STATES AND CONVICTED. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 260 COLOMBIA. GEORGE (JORGE) MORALES: CONVICTED COLOMBIAN DRUG SMUGGLER; TESTIFIED TO SHIPPING ARMS TO CONTRAS FOR DRUGS IN RETURN FOR ALLEGED PROMISES OF OFFICIAL PROTECTION. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 261 COLOMBIA. GILBERTO RODRIGUEZ OREJUELA: KINGPIN OF COLOMBIAN CALI CARTEL; ARRESTED WITH JORGE OCHOA IN SPAIN IN 1984 AND EXTRADITED TO COLOMBIA, WHERE HE WAS LATER FREED. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 262 COLOMBIA. ISAAC KATTAN KASSIN: COLOMBIAN MONEY LAUNDERER FOR CALI CARTEL. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 260 COLOMBIA. JORGE LUIS OCHOA VASQUEZ: LEADER OF MEDELLIN CAERTEL, INDICTED IN UNITED STATES IN 1984 AND 1986; ARRESTED IN SPAIN IN 1984 AND EXTRADITED TO COLOMBIA, FREED ON $10,500 BAIL. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 261 COLOMBIA, 50-90 THE SITUATION IN COLOMBIA, OUTLINES VARIOUS GUERRILLA GROUPS AND PARTIES. NACLA 4/90 "THE PEOPLE'S WAR," 13-21; "THE DIRTY WAR," 22-29; "THE DRUG WAR," 30-38 COLOMBIA, 83 A PLANE WITH SOUTHERN AIR TRANSPORT MARKINGS WAS SEEN BEING USED FOR A GUNS-FOR-DRUGS TRANSFER AT AN AIRFIELD IN BARRANQUILLA, COLOMBIA. JUSTICE DEPT INVESTIGATING. WASHINGTON POST 1/20/87 A12 COLOMBIA, 84 OP TO CAPTURE DRUGS NAMED OP CHEMCOM, PERHAPS DEA'S MOST SUCCESSFUL UNDERCOVER OP EVER. DEA PLANTED 2 BARRELS OF THERE OWN AMONG 76 BARRELS CHEMICALS GOING COLOMBIA. TWO BARRELS WERE EQUIPPED WITH RADIO TRACKING DEVICES AND BATTERY PACKS EMBEDDED IN FALSE BOTTOM. MILITARY SATELLITES FOLLOWED THE BEEPING BARRELS AND DEA PASSED COORDINATES TO COLOMBIAN POLICE. DINGES, J. (1990). OUR MAN IN PANAMA NOTES 322 COLOMBIA, 88 40 PERSONS, INCLUDING 9 SENIOR OFFICIALS OF BCCI, ARRESTED 10/9/88 FOR PART IN MONEY LAUNDERING NET OF MEDELLIN COCAINE CARTEL. ARRESTED WERE IAN HOWARD, DIR OF PARIS BRANCH AND NAZIR CHINOY DIR FOR EUROPE AND AFRICA. STING ORGANIZED BY U.S. CUSTOMS. MORE THAN 32 MILLION SUPPOSEDLY RECYCLED BY BCCI. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 10/18/88 8 COLOMBIA, 88 FEDERAL STING EXPOSES DRUG CARTELS' MONEY-LAUNDERING METHODS. DURING 2-YEAR FEDERAL STING "OP C-CHASE" THAT CLIMAXED 10/12/88 WITH INDICTMENT OF MORE THAN 70 ALLEGED DRUG TRAFFICKERS AND LUXENBERG-BASED BCCI. CUSTOMS COMMISSIONER WILLIAM VAN RAAB, ACCUSED BCCI OF "PROSTITUTING" ITSELF FOR MONEY LAUNDERING. DETAILS OF BCCI'S ROLE. WASHINGTON POST 10/24/88 A1,4 COLOMBIA, 89-90 SEE ARTICLE "COLOMBIA CRACKS UP." NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 4/90 12 COLOMBIA, 92 150 ARRESTED IN 6-NATION DRUG STING. MONEY LAUNDERING DISRUPTED, DEA SAYS. WASHINGTON POST 9/29/92 A3 COLOMBIA, 92 COLOMBIAN OFFICIALS SAID CIA, WITH KNOWLEDGE OF COLOMBIAN GVT, HAS STEPPED UP PARTICIPATION IN DRUG WAR. CIA LENDING SUPPORT IN A SERIES OF RAIDS AGAINST THE CALI CARTEL, WHICH IS BELIEVED TO BE INVOLVED IN BOTH COCAINE AND HEROIN TRAFFICKING. CIA HAS INCREASED ITS PERSONNEL OVER PAST TWO MONTHS TO LEND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN DRUG WAR - BUT CIA AGENTS DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN RAIDS. WASHINGTON POST 1/18/92 A14 COLOMBIA, 92 PENTAGON 45-DAY ANTI-DRUG OP, USED LAND-BASED RADAR SYSTEMS AND AIRBORNE WARNING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS - AWACS. ALSO USED NAVY SHIPS, AIR FORCE JET FIGHTERS AND NAVY AND CUSTOMS SERVICE AIRCRAFT TO MONITOR SUSPECTED FLIGHTS. U.S. SOUTHERN COMMAND RAN OP CALLED "SUPPORT SOVEREIGNTY." OP ENDED 1 JUNE. WASHINGTON POST 6/26/92 A25,6 COLOMBIA, PERU, 94 U.S. REFUSAL TO SHARE INTEL IN DRUG FIGHT CALLED ABSURD. CHAIRMEN OF TWO HOUSE COMMITTEES BLASTED CLINTON ADM FOR CONTINUING TO REUSE SHARING INFO WITH COLOMBIA AND PERU THAT WOULD ENABLE THEM TO SHOOT DOWN SUSPECT CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT. WASHINGTON POST 8/4/94 A12 HONDURAS, COLOMBIA. PABLO ESCOBAR GAVIRIA: MAJOR COLOMBIAN TRAFFICKER IN MEDELLIN CARTEL FDN (FRENTE DEMOCRATIO NICARAGUENSE): LEADING CONTRA FACTION IN HONDURAS. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 260 HONDURAS, HAITI, 91-97 HONDURAS DENIED A U.S. REQUEST TO EXTRADITE A HAITIAN EX-POLICE CHIEF ACCUSED OF HELPING FERRY AT LEAST 33 TONS OF DRUGS INTO THE UNITED STATES. THE U.S. FAILED TO PROVIDE CREDIBLE EVIDENCE FOR EXTRADITION OF LT. GEN. MICHEL FRANCOIS, A LEADER OF HAITI'S 1991-94 MILITARY REGIME. U.S. ACCUSED THE FORMER PORT-AU-PRINCE POLICE CHIEF OF HELPING COLOMBIAN TRAFFICKERS BRING DRUGS INTO THE U.S. VIA HAITI. AP WASHINGTON POST 4/17/97 A28 HONDURAS, ISRAEL. DURING CONTRA WAR HONDURAN MILITARY INTEL OFFICERS ON DOUBLE SALARY FROM CIA AND COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS, WHO SAW ADVANTAGE OF USING HONDURAN AIRSTRIPS FOR TRANSITING COCAINE UNDER COVER OF WAR EFFORT. ISRAELIS ALSO TRAINED HONDURAN DEATH SQUADS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 225 ISRAEL, COLOMBIA, 87-90 4 FEDERAL AGENCIES INVESTIGATING ARIK AFEK, AKA FLOWER MAN, WHO KILLED IN MIAMI. ISRAELI TV SAID CIA GAVE AFEK A U.S. PASSPORT IN EXCHANGE FOR INFO ON ISRAELI ACTIVITY IN COLOMBIA. ISRAELI FOREIGN AFFAIRS 2/90 1,8 ISRAEL, COLOMBIA, 89 COLOMBIA ISSUED A WARRANT FOR ARREST OF LT.COL. YAIR KLEIN, WHO LED AN ISRAELI TEAM AND TRAINED PARAMILITARY SQUADS FOR MEDELLIN COCAINE CARTEL. HARARI INVOLVED. IFA 10/89 1,5. ISRAELI FOREIGN AFFAIRS 9/89 1,2,4-8 ISRAEL, PANAMA, 88-90 MIKE HARARI RECRUITED ISRAELIS FOR NORIEGA'S PERSONAL BODYGUARD DURING 89. HE HAD PREVIOUSLY ORGANIZED THIS FORCE. THIS MEANS HE BEEFED UP NORIEGA'S SECURITY AFTER U.S. OFFICIALS HAD BEGUN EXTENSIVE CIA ACTION AGAINST NORIEGA AND HAD REPEATEDLY ASKED ISRAEL TO RECALL HARARI. IFA 1/90 3, 4,5,8. MIKE HARARI IS ISRAEL'S MAN IN PANAMA WHERE HE HAS HANDLED ISRAELI ARMS SALES AND NOREIGA'S PERSONAL SECURITY FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS. BETWEEN 82-85 HE RAN HARARI NET, A U.S.-ISRAELI CONTRA SUPPLY OP THAT WORKED IN CAHOOTS WITH MEDELLIN CARTEL TO TRANSPORT COCAINE FROM COLOMBIA TO U.S. ISRAELI FOREIGN AFFAIRS 11/89 1,2 ITALY, 94 "ONIG" CONNECTION DISMANTLED. OVER THE LAST MONTH ITALIAN AND U.S. LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES HAVE DISMANTLED AN IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF ITALIAN AND COLOMBIAN DRUG TRAFFICKERS. LATTER HAD ESTABLISHED THEIR HEADQUARTERS IN MANHATTAN AT "FAMOUS ORIGINAL PIZZA RAY'S" THROUGH WHICH 50 KILOS OF COCAINE WAS PROCESSED EVERY MONTH. OP INVOLVED SPECIALIZED FBI TEAMS AND TEAMS FROM PALERMO, REGGIO DI ALABRA AND ROME OF CRIMINALPOL. A HUNDRED PERSONS WERE ARRESTED AND 200 KILOS OF COCAINE WERE SEIZED. U.S. MAFIA DOESN'T SEEM TO HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH NETWORK WHICH WAS SET UP BY COLOMBIANS WHO FURNISHED THEIR SICILIAN AND CALABRIAN COUNTERPARTS IN COCAINE, RELYING PARTICULARLY UPON MACRI' FAMILY FOR DISTRIBUTION IN SOUTHERN ITALY. INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 251 251/7 COLOMBIA, NICARAGUA, 84 DRUG DEALER OCHOA, KINGPIN OF MEDELLIN CARTEL WAS CAPTURE. DEA PROPOSED A DEAL IF OCHOA WOULD IMPLICATE SANDINISTAS. HE REFUSED. CIA, DEA AND BUSH'S NEWLY FORMED ANTIDRUG TASK FORCE USED BARRY SEAL TO TRY TO IMPLICATE SANDINISTAS IN DRUG TRAFFIC. SEAL TESTIFIED HE PHOTOED SANDINISTA SOLDIERS AND AN OFFICIAL. SEAL A PART OF SUPPLY NET SUPERVISED BY CIA AND NORTH. C-123 USED BY SEAL TO IMPLICATE SANDINISTAS LATER SHOT DOWN WITH HASENFUS. THE NATION 9/5/87 P189-192 CONTRAGATE, 86 MONEY LAUNDERER FOR COLOMBIAN COCAINE CARTEL TOLD SENATE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NARCOTICS, AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS THAT HE PASSED NEARLY $10 MILLION TO CONTRAS THRU FELIX RODRIGUEZ, FORMER CIA OPERATIVE. THE NATION 12/5/87 LATIN AMERICA, 85-96 FOR THE BETTER PART OF A DECADE, A SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA DRUG RING SOLD TONS OF COCAINE TO THE CRIPS AND BLOODS STREET GANGS OF LOS ANGELES AND FUNNELED MILLIONS IN DRUG PROFITS TO A LATIN AMERICAN GUERRILLA ARMY NAMED THE FUERZA DEMOCRATICA NICARAGUENSE (NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCE) OR FDN, THE LARGEST OF SEVERAL ANTI-COMMUNIST GROUPS RUN BY THE CIA. DRUG NETWORK OPENED THE FIRST PIPELINE BETWEEN COLOMBIA'S COCAINE CARTELS AND THE BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS OF LOS ANGELES, A CITY NOW KNOWN AS THE CRACK CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. FORMER FDN LEADER AND DRUG DEALER OSCAR DANILO BLANDON REYES TESTIFIED DURING A RECENT COCAINE TRAFFICKING TRIAL IN SAN DIEGO. RECENTLY DECLASSIFIED REPORTS, FEDERAL COURT TESTIMONY, UNDERCOVER TAPES, COURT RECORDS HERE AND ABROAD AND HUNDREDS OF HOURS OF INTERVIEWS OVER PAST 12 MONTHS LEAVE NO DOUBT THAT BLANDON WAS NO ORDINARY DRUG DEALER. SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS 8/18/96 LATIN AMERICA, 89-94 ANDEAN INITIATIVE IS A $5.5 BILLION - 5-YEAR DRUG INTERDICTION AND ERADICATION OPERATION IN BOLIVIA, COLOMBIA AND PERU. PENTAGON'S 1992 BUDGET FOR WAR ON DRUGS WAS $1.08 BILLION, THAT IN ADDITION TO ANDEAN INITIATIVE FUNDING. PROGRAM INCLUDES ESTABLISHING RADAR FACILITIES ON SOUTH AMERICAN COAST AND SURVEILLANCE BY USAF AWACS AND USN VESSELS. INITIATIVE DIFFERS FROM PREVIOUS DRUG OPERATIONS - U.S. SPECIAL FORCES ARE TRAINING MILITARY FORCES, WHEREAS BEFORE DEA TRAINED NATIONAL POLICE FORCES. PROGRAM SERVES DUAL PURPOSE - COUNTERINSURGENCY (PERU'S SENDERO LUMINOSO) AND DRUG ERADICATION. Z MAGAZINE 11/90 84-88 LATIN AMERICA, 91-92 SECRET PENTAGON STUDY PAINTS A GRIM PICTURE OF A DRUG WAR STALEMATED BY NEGLECT, BUREAUCRATIC BUNGLING AND CORRUPTION. BUSH'S MUCH TOUTED 89 ANDEAN INITIATIVE "ONLY MARGINALLY IMPACTED ON [TRAFFIC]." PERU IS A QUAGMIRE OF DECEIT AND CORRUPTION, ATTAINMENT OF U.S. OBJECTIVES IMPOSSIBLE. MEDELLIN CARTEL IS CRIPPLED THOUGH THE FLOW OF COCAINE FROM COLOMBIAN PROCESSING CENTERS HASN'T BEEN SLOWED. MICRO-MANAGING BY CONGRESS AND BUREAUCRATIC INERTIA HAVE HELD UP ANTI-DRUG AID TO LATIN AMERICA. REPORT ADVISES AGAINST DEEPER PENTAGON INVOLVEMENT IN WAR: "[AVOID] SHORT TERM, RELATIVELY EPHEMERAL, MILITARY SOLUTIONS." NEWSWEEK 1/27/92 4 LATIN AMERICA, COLOMBIA, 96 LATIN HEROIN REPLACES ASIAN. 9/3/96, DEA CHIEF, THOMAS CONSTANTINE, GAVE OFFICIAL FIGURES ON BATTLE BETWEEN ASIAN AND COLOMBIAN HEROIN SEIZED IN THE U.S.: 1993, 15 PERCENT COLOMBIAN; 1994, 32 PERCENT COLOMBIAN; AND 1995, 62 PERCENT COLOMBIAN. COLOMBIAN DRUG LORDS "ARE POSITIONING THEMSELVES TO BE CENTRAL PLAYERS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE HEROIN MARKET BY THE YEAR 2000." THIS IS COHERENT WITH THEIR INCREASINGLY WIDELY-APPLIED STRATEGY OF PAYING MIDDLEMEN AND DEALERS IN HEROIN TO ENCOURAGE USE (SEE "NEW TECHNIQUES ON BOTH SIDES OF DRUG BATTLE"; INT, N. 38/2). INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 9/9/96 52 LATIN AMERICA, COLOMBIA, NICARAGUA, 90 DOZENS WEAPONS GIVEN BY U.S. TO CONTRAS ACQUIRED BY COLOMBIA DRUG DEALERS. NOW AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS AND CRIMINAL ORGS IN ITALY AND SPAIN TO PROVIDE AND DISTRIBUTE COCAINE IN EUROPE. CONTRAS APPEAR TO SELL WEAPONS IN C.A. MARKET. M67 FRAGMENTATION GRENADES AND USSR MADE AK-47 ASSAULT RIFLES AND RPG GRENADE LAUNCHERS. CONTRAS WHEN DEMOBILIZED TURNED IN ONLY HALF OF WEAPONS. HALF OF REDEYE PORTABLE ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILES MISSING. WASHINGTON POST 9/18/90 A16 MEXICO, 96 CLINTON OUTLINED HIS PLANS FOR INCREASING U.S.-MEXICO COORDINATION ON FIGHTING DRUG TRAFFICKING. CLINTON'S ORDER TIES U.S. AND MEXICAN EFFORTS IN SUCH AREAS AS TRACKING FUGITIVES, HALTING MONEY LAUNDERING AND METHAMPHETAMINE PRODUCTION, AND BOOSTING DRUG TREATMENT STRATEGIES, POLICE COORDINATION AND BORDER PATROLS. MEXICO HAS QUICKLY EMERGED AS LEADING FOCUS OF U.S. ANTI-DRUG EFFORTS, HAVING BEEN IDENTIFIED AS HANDLING 70 PERCENT OF ILLEGAL DRUGS ENTERING THE US. ADM DECIDED AGAINST ADDING MEXICO TO LIST OF DECERTIFIED COUNTRIES THAT INCLUDE COLOMBIA, NIGERIA, SYRIA, IRAN, BURMA AND AFGHANISTAN. CLINTON'S ORDER CALLS FOR: DEVELOPING METHODS OF STOPPING MONEY-LAUNDERING AND OTHER FINANCIAL CRIMES RELATED TO DRUG TRAFFICKING. REDUCING DEMAND FOR DRUGS, INCLUDING SHARING INFO BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES ON EFFECTIVE DRUG PREVENTION AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS. A STUDY BY U.S. AND MEXICAN OFFICIALS OF METHODS TO ATTACK PRODUCTION OF METHAMPHETAMINE, WHICH ``HAS BECOME THE DRUG OF CHOICE IN CALIFORNIA AND IS BECOMING MORE COMMON ACROSS U.S.'' TIGHTER CONTROLS ON CHEMICALS AND OTHER INGREDIENTS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF DRUGS. STEPS FOR INCREASING CROSS-BORDER LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AND SHARING CRIMINAL INFO. IMPROVED MECHANISMS FOR CAPTURING AND RETURNING FUGITIVES ACROSS THE U.S.-MEXICAN BORDER; METHODS FOR DENYING INTERNATIONAL DRUG TRAFFICKERS USE OF AIR, LAND AND SEA TRAVEL ROUTES. UPI 4/8/96 NICARAGUA, 81-96 CIA, CONTRAS AND DRUGS. IN SUMMER OF 84, A WEALTHY NICARAGUAN EXILE INVITED TWO REPS OF CONTRA REBELS TO MIAMI TO BROKER A MONEY-RAISING DEAL WITH A COLOMBIAN BUSINESSMAN GEORGE MORALES. MORALES WAS A CHAMPION POWERBOAT RACER, SOCIALITE AND BIG-LEAGUE DRUG TRAFFICKER UNDER INDICTMENT. CONTRA REPS WERE OCTAVIANO CESAR AND ADOLFO "POPO" CHAMORRO, HEALY'S EX-HUSBAND. BOTH WERE WORKING WITH EDEN PASTORA, A MAVERICK REVOLUTIONARY TRYING TO OPEN A SOUTHERN FRONT FROM A BASE IN COSTA RICA. CIA HAD RUN OUT OF MONEY, AND CONGRESS REFUSED TO PROVIDE MORE UNTIL THE NEXT YEAR. ACCOUNT FROM CHAMORRO AND CESAR IS ONE OF CLEAREST EXAMPLES OF HOW GROUPS FIGHTING THE SANDINISTA REGIME DURING 80S COOPERATED WITH DRUG TRAFFICKERS AND MAY HAVE BEEN TRAFFICKERS THEMSELVES. WASHINGTON POST 10/31/06 A1 NICARAGUA, 81-96 NEWS STORY HAS MADE DANILO BLANDON THE STAR. "A FULL-SERVICE DRUG DEALER, IS THE STAR OF A RECENT SERIES OF EXPLOSIVE ARTICLES ON HOW FBI IGNORED AND CIA ENCOURAGED CALIFORNIA COCAINE AND CRACK CONSUMPTION TO FINANCE CONTRA REBELS IN NICARAGUA DURING MID-1980S. IN ADDITION TO TONS OF INEXPENSIVE COCAINE, BLANDON ALSO SOLD ASSAULT WEAPONS AND SOPHISTICATED COMMO GEAR, INCLUDING HIDDEN MICROPHONE DETECTORS. BLANDON FIRST APPEARED IN DEA FILES IN 1981 AND WAS ARRESTED DURING POLICE RAIDS IN 1986, BUT NO CHARGES WERE FILED. AGAIN IN 1991, HE WAS ARRESTED, THIS TIME FOR MONEY LAUNDERING IN LOS ANGELES, BUT CASE WAS DROPPED AT FEDERAL REQUEST. BLANDON, 45, IS YOUNGEST SON OF WEALTHY NICARAGUAN LANDOWNERS AND WORKED FOR SOMOZA IN THE LATE 1970S BEFORE RAISING MONEY FOR CONTRAS DURING 80S. HE WAS A FULL-TIME DEA INFORMANT AND, AS A BUSINESSMAN, RAN CAR RENTALS IN MIAMI, TAMPA, FORT LAUDERDALE AND ORLANDO, ALL IN FLORIDA, PLUS RESTAURANTS IN MIAMI AND SAN DIEGO, A CAR LOT IN LOS ANGELES AND IMPORT-EXPORT BUSINESSES ON THE EAST AND WEST COASTS. HIS RIGHT-HAND MEN IN THE CONTRA DRUG BUSINESS WERE NICARAGUAN NORWIN MENESES, 48, AND AMERICAN "FREEWAY" RICK ROSS, 36, WHO, BY 1987, HAD ONE OF THE LARGEST CRACK COCAINE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IN THE COUNTRY. BLANDON IS "THE JOHNNY APPLESEED OF CRACK IN CALIFORNIA -- THE CRIPS' AND BLOODS' [LOS ANGELES GANGS] FIRST DIRECT-CONNECT TO COCAINE CARTELS OF COLOMBIA". ACCORDING TO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, CRACK WAS INVENTED IN SAN FRANCISCO, IN 1974 AND, WITH HELP OF BLANDON AND OTHERS, THE WORLD EPIDEMIC SPREAD FROM THERE IN THE LATE 1970S AND EARLY 1980S. INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 9/9/96 14 NICARAGUA, 83-85 COLOMBIAN GEORGE MORALES, A DRUG MERCHANT, DONATED A C-47 TO PASTORA'S ARDE. DURING 16 MONTHS PLANE MADE 11 SUPPLY DROPS INSIDE NICARAGUA. DURAN A PILOT SMUGGLED DRUGS. GARVIN, G. (1992). EVERYBODY HAS HIS OWN GRINGO 109 NICARAGUA, 84-86 WITNESS ACCUSES ADOLFO CHAMORRO, NICARAGUA COUNSEL IN MIAMI AND NEPHEW OF VIOLETTA CHAMORRO, OF HELPING SMUGGLING MORE THAN A TON OF COCAINE INTO SOUTH FLORIDA. FABIO ERNESTO CARRASCO, A COLOMBIAN PILOT SAID HE FLEW PLANELOADS FROM C.A. TO FLORIDA. TESTIFIED THAT CHAMORRO AKA POPO WAS PART OF CONSPIRACY. MIAMI HERALD 10/12/90 6A NICARAGUA, COLOMBIA, 83-96 DURING MUCH OF 1980S, THE SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS HAS REPORTED, A DRUG-DEALING OP SOLD TONS OF COCAINE TO STREET GANGS IN LOS ANGELES AND FUNNELED MILLIONS IN DRUG PROFITS TO A LATIN AMERICAN GUERRILLA CONTRA ARMY RUN BY CIA. AN EXTENSIVE THREE-PART SERIES, PUBLISHED AUG. 18-20 BY THE MERCURY NEWS, MAPS A CIA DRUG NETWORK THAT "OPENED THE FIRST PIPELINE BETWEEN COLOMBIA'S COCAINE CARTELS AND THE BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS OF LOS ANGELES. REPORTER GARY WEBB CONCLUDED: COCAINE THAT FLOODED IN HELPED SPARK A CRACK EXPLOSION IN URBAN AMERICA -- AND PROVIDED THE CASH AND CONNECTIONS NEEDED FOR L.A.'S GANGS TO BUY AUTOMATIC WEAPONS. CIA ARRANGED AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN A U.S.-BACKED ARMY ATTEMPTING TO OVERTHROW A REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT" IN NICARAGUA AND DRUG-DEALERS WIELDING MACHINE GUNS IN GHETTO AREAS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. ON CAPITOL HILL THAT SUMMER, IRAN-CONTRA HEARINGS AVOIDED CIA AND CONTRA LINKS TO LARGE-SCALE COCAINE SMUGGLING. YET, CONGRESSIONAL PANELS HAD ACCESS TO HANDWRITTEN NOTES BY REAGAN ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL OLIVER NORTH, WHOSE NOTEBOOKS CONTAINED 543 PAGES WITH REFERENCES TO THE DRUG TRADE. IN ONE NOTATION ABOUT CONTRA ARMS SUPPLIES, NORTH WROTE: "$14 MILLION CAME FROM DRUGS." EVEN AFTER SUCH EXCERPTS FROM NORTH'S NOTES WERE MADE PUBLIC, MOST NEWS MEDIA BYPASSED THE CONTRA-CIA-COCAINE CONNECTION. THE DETOUR AROUND THE STORY BECAME MORE EXTREME IN 1988: THE SENATE'S SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM AND NARCOTICS, CHAIRED BY JOHN KERRY, RELEASED AN IN-DEPTH REPORT THAT NAILED THE CIA FOR COCAINE TRAFFICKING WITH THE CONTRAS. BUT MEDIA COVERAGE WAS MUDDLED AND FLEETING. MEDIABEAT IGC.APC.ORG 8/23/96 NICARAGUA, COLOMBIA, 89 REAGAN ADMINISTRATION REPEATEDLY UNDERCUT LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AGAINST COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS TO SUPPORT ITS CONTRA AID POLICY ACCORDING TO REPORT RELEASED BY SEN JOHN KERRY (D-MA) ON 20 APRIL 89. FOUR COMPANIES OWNED AND OPERATED BY DRUG TRAFFICKERS RECEIVED $800,401 FROM STATE DEPT TO SUPPLY CONTRAS IN 1986. COMPANIES WERE SETOC/HONDU CARIB, FRIGORIFICOS DE PUNTARENAS, DIACSA AND VORTEX, DIRECTED RESPECTIVELY BY JUAN RAMON MATA BALLESTROS, RAMON MILIAN RODRIGUEZ, ALFREDO CABALLERO AND MICHAEL B. PALMER. NOTE: ONLY 200 COPIES OF REPORT WERE ISSUED BY SENATE SUBCOMMITTEE ON NARCOTICS, TERRORISM AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 4/26/89 3 PANAMA. CESAR RODRIGUEZ: PANAMANIAN ARMS AND DRUGS TRAFFICKER UNDER OMAR TORRIJOS AND MANUEL NORIEGA; KILLED IN COLOMBIA IN 1986. SCOTT, P. & MARSHALL, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS 262 PANAMA, 91 "NORIEGA IN MIAMI" SUMMARIZES OPENING DAYS OF NORIEGA TRIAL AND INCLUDES BRIEF HISTORY OF U.S. INTERDICTION EFFORTS AGAINST COLOMBIAN CARTELS. 12/2/91 697-704 PANAMA, ENGLAND, 87 U.S. CUSTOMS HAVE SECRET BANK RECORDS OF NORIEGA SHOWING HE DEPOSITED TENS OF MILLIONS ALLEGED TO BE PAYOFFS FROM COLOMBIA'S MEDELLIN CARTEL. NORIEGA'S'S ACCOUNTS AT BCCI SEIZED BY BRITISH AUTHORITIES. AMJAD AWAN, FORMER BANK OFFICIAL IN CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY SAID NORIEGA MADE HUGH CASH DEPOSITS IN NAME OF PDF. AMAN, WHO INDICTED IN TAMPA CASE, SAID ACCOUNT CONTROLLED BY NORIEGA. WASHINGTON POST 6/17/89 A10 PENTAGON SCALING BACK OP SUPPORT JUSTICE - BUSH SCHEME TO INTERDICT DRUG FLIGHTS FROM PERU, BOLIVIA AND COLOMBIA. CIA RECENTLY REPORTED COUNTERDRUG AND CROP-SUBSTITUTION PROGRAMS IN ANDEAN NATIONS HAD LITTLE EFFECT. AFTER 4 YEARS AND HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS, BOLIVIAN COCA CROP IS DOWN SLIGHTLY. PERU'S IS UP 9%, WITH LARGER INCREASE PROJECTED FOR 94. NEWSWEEK 4/5/93 4 PERU, BOLIVIA, COLOMBIA, 86-90 SF ADVISERS HAVE WORKED WITH BOLIVIA'S DRUG POLICE SINCE 86 AND BUSH ADM HAS EXPANDED MILITARY'S ADVISORY ROLE IN REGION. GROUP INSTRUCTORS TO WORK WITH PERUVIAN POLICE IN 89 AND ADVISERS TO COLOMBIA IN 89. IN 89 BUSH SIGNED NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTIVE PERMITTING MILITARY ADVISERS TO WORK IN DRUG PRODUCING ZONES. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 4/90 10 PERU, COLOMBIA, 89-90 SEE ARTICLE "DRUG WARS THE RULES OF THE GAME." NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 4/90 9-11 PERU, COLOMBIA, 95 AMERICAN RADAR AND PLANES AIDING DRUG FIGHT. DETAILS OF THE SYSTEM. WASHINGTON POST 1/7/95 A22 PERU, COLUMBIA, 94 PRESIDENT CLINTON SAID U.S. IS RESUMING ANTI-DRUG EFFORTS IN COLOMBIA. HE IS EXPECTED TO MAKE A SIMILAR AGREEMENT WITH PERU SOON. BOTH COUNTRIES WERE PREVIOUS BENEFICIARIES OF INTEL FOR COUNTER DRUG OPERATIONS. AP * 12/2/94 REAGAN ADM OFFICIALS REPEATEDLY UNDERCUT LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AGAINST COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS BECAUSE ADM PLACED HIGHER PRIORITY ON OPPOSING NICARAGUA AND ON OTHER FOREIGN POLICY GOALS, ACCORDING TO SENATE REPORT RELEASED YESTERDAY BY SEN JOHN KERRY (D MASS). ACCORDING TO REPORT 4 COMPANIES THAT RECVD $800,401 FROM THE DOS (STATE) IN 86 TO SUPPLY THE CONTRAS WERE "OWNED AND OPERATED" BY NARCOTICS TRAFFICKERS. SETCO AIR A HONDURAS AIR CHARTER COMPANY WAS EST BY BALLESTEROS, A TOP CARTEL TRAFFICKER. RICHARD BRENNEKE, A CONTRA-ACCUSER, NEVER HAD THE CIA CONNECTIONS HE CLAIMED AND WAS UNRELIABLE. WASHINGTON POST 4/14/89 A20 VENEZUELA, 85-96 A FORMER HEAD OF VENEZUELA'S CIA-FINANCED ANTI-DRUG AGENCY, GEN. RAMON GUILLEN DAVILA, WAS INDICTED BY A FEDERAL GRAND JURY ON CHARGES HE PLOTTED TO SMUGGLE COCAINE INTO THE US. IT WIDELY REPORTED THREE YEARS AGO THAT THE CIA LET GUILLEN SMUGGLE SOME COCAINE INTO THE US OVER THE OBJECTIONS OF THE U.S. DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADM. CIA DENIED THE REPORTS. GUILLEN SAID HIS VENEZUELAN NATIONAL GUARD ANTI-NARCOTICS UNIT SENT ABOUT 4,100 POUNDS OF COCAINE TO THE US WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE CIA AND THE DEA TO HELP U.S. OFFICIALS SNARE DRUG TRAFFICKERS. BUT LAW-ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS SAID GUILLEN'S UNIT SHIPPED AS MUCH AS 22 TONS OF COCAINE INTO THE US DURING THE PERIOD WHEN HE HEADED IT, BETWEEN 1987 AND 1991. OFFICIALS SAID CIA AGENTS WORKING WITH GUILLEN APPROVED THE DELIVERY OF ONE AND POSSIBLY TWO COCAINE SHIPMENTS TOTALING MORE THAN A TON, WHICH WERE SMUGGLED INTO THE UNITED STATES. PURPORTED MOTIVE WAS TO HELP GATHER INTEL ABOUT DRUG-SMUGGLING NETWORKS AND STRENGTHEN POSITION OF A KEY CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT WITHIN COLOMBIA'S DRUG CARTELS. COCAINE WAS NOT SUPPOSED TO REACH U.S. USERS BUT IT OFTEN DID. NO CIA OFFICIALS WERE CHARGED IN THE INDICTMENT. AP 11/21/96 VENEZUELA, 90-97 A FORMER CIA AGENT, MARK MCFARLIN, TESTIFIED TO DOUBLE-CROSSES AND BETRAYAL IN VENEZUELA, AS LEADERS OF AN ELITE UNIT SET UP BY THE INTEL AGENCY TO FIGHT SMUGGLING INSTEAD PROTECTED HUGE DRUG SHIPMENTS TO SOUTH FLORIDA. SEVERAL LARGE SHIPMENTS WERE SEIZED, BUT AFTER THE FACT THEY LEARNED THAT HUNDREDS OF POUNDS GOT THROUGH. NO MAJOR DRUG LORDS WERE CAPTURED, AND A LARGE CIA-DEA RIFT WAS REVEALED. MCFARLIN'S TESTIMONY, CAME IN THE TRIAL OF ADOLFO ROMERO GOMEZ, FORMER AIDE TO A RETIRED VENEZUELAN GENERAL, RAMON GUILLEN DAVILA, WHO RAN HIS NATION'S DRUG WAR FROM 1988 TO 1992. GUILLEN, ONCE A TRUSTED OPERATIVE OF THE CIA WAS CHARGED WITH ROMERO WITH A BROAD CONSPIRACY TO SMUGGLE UP TO 22 TONS OF COCAINE THROUGH VENEZUELA TO MIAMI DURING THAT TIME. THE CIA IN VENEZUELA TRAINED AND EQUIPPED A SPECIAL INTEL UNIT OF THE NATIONAL GUARD. MCFARLIN AND OTHER U.S. AGENTS TAUGHT VENEZUELANS TRADECRAFT. IN 1989, GUILLEN TOLD CIA AND DEA THAT COLOMBIAN SUPPLIERS WANTED TO TRUCK LARGE AMOUNTS OF COCAINE ACROSS THE BORDER TO VENEZUELA FOR STORAGE AND EVENTUAL SHIPMENT, AND ROMERO WAS THE COLOMBIANS' CONTACT. U.S. AGENTS SAW A CHANCE TO TRACK ``CONTROLLED DELIVERIES'' OF THE DRUGS AND CAPTURE MAJOR TRAFFICKERS. MCFARLIN LEARNED IN LATE 1990 THAT THE NATIONAL GUARD WAS INVOLVED IN THE DRUG-TRAFFICKING IT WAS SUPPOSED TO STOP, ALLOWING SOME OF THE COCAINE TO BE FLOWN TO SOUTH FLORIDA WITHOUT U.S. KNOWLEDGE. FOR HIS PART, MCFARLIN WAS ASKED TO RESIGN FROM THE CIA IN 1992. MCFARLIN'S STATION CHIEF WAS RETIRED. THE MIAMI HERALD 9/18/97 VENEZUELA, 90-97 A TOP AIDE TO VENEZUELA'S FORMER ANTI-DRUG CHIEF HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF CONSPIRING TO SHIP UP TO 22 TONS OF COCAINE TO FLORIDA. ADOLFO ROMERO GOMEZ'S VERDICT WAS ANNOUNCED MONDAY. PROSECUTORS SAID ROMERO AND HIS BOSS, GEN. RAMON GUILLEN DAVILA, BETRAYED CIA AND DEA AGENTS WHO WORKED WITH THEM. CONVICTED DRUG SMUGGLERS, WHO COOPERATED WITH PROSECUTORS, TESTIFIED THAT ROMERO ACTED AS A MIDDLEMAN BETWEEN COLOMBIAN'S AND FLORIDA TRAFFICKERS. CIA AND DEA AGENTS ALSO TESTIFIED THAT ROMERO KEPT THEM INFORMED OF ``CONTROLLED DELIVERIES OF DRUGS,'' WHICH THEY TRACKED IN HOPES OF CATCHING MAJOR TRAFFICKERS. THEY TESTIFIED, ROMERO ALSO SMUGGLED TONS OF COCAINE INTO THE U.S. IN 1990 AND 1991 WITHOUT TELLING U.S. AUTHORITIES. GUILLEN IS IN VENEZUELA. REUTERS 9/30/97 VENEZUELA, 93 GEN GUILLEN DAVILA BEHIND SHIPMENT OF COCAINE INTO U.S. DISCOVERED BY DEA. DEA INVESTIGATION SHOWED CIA HELPED VENEZUELAN OFFICERS RUN A PROFITABLE COKE OP. IN 12/89 CIA OFFICER MARK MCFARLIN AND HIS BOSS JIM CAMPBELL, COS, ASKED DEA TO ALLOW HUNDREDS POUNDS COCAINE INTO U.S. TO HELP GATHER INFO ON COLOMBIA'S DRUG LORDS. DEA OFFICER ANNABELLE GRIMM REFUSED. GUILLEN'S AGENTS GOT DRUGS FROM COLOMBIA AND STORED THEM IN A CIA TRUCK AT CIA-FUNDED COUNTERNARCOTICS CENTER NEAR CARACAS. SEVERAL CACHES FLOWN TO U.S. MCFARLIN TOLD GUILLEN VENEZUELAN SECRET POLICE UNTO SCHEME. DEA FINALLY STOPPED SHIPMENT OF 3,373 LBS COCAINE. CIA CLAIMED BAD JUDGEMENT AND POOR MANAGEMENT. CAMPBELL RETIRED AND MCFARLIN RESIGNED. TIME 11/29/93 35 ECONOMIC INTEL 90-94 BACK HOME IN PARIS, MEXICO CITY, OR BEIJING, THE RECRUITS WOULD PROBABLY BE HANDLED BY A CIA CASE OFFICER WORKING OUT OF THE U.S. EMBASSY OR, MORE FREQUENTLY, OPERATING UNDER NONOFFICIAL COVER (NOC), POSING AS AN AMERICAN BUSINESSMAN. CLASSIFIED MXSCOPE DOCUMENTS DATED JULY 1994 INDICATE THE WORLDWIDE NATURE OF THE OP, TARGETING OFFICIALS, SCIENTISTS, AND BUSINESSMEN FROM BRAZIL, MEXICO, COLOMBIA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA, GERMANY, INDIA, CHINA, EGYPT, AND AFRICA. "IT IS ESSENTIAL TO MAINTAIN THE EXPOSURE OF MXSCOPE IN THE WORLD TELECOMMUNICATIONS ARENA IN ORDER TO PLANT THE SEEDS OF A SUSTAINABLE SOURCE OF VALIDATED [FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE] TARGETS FROM WHICH TO CHOOSE SCHOLARS AND GUEST SPEAKERS," READS A CIA MEMO WRITTEN BY OVERACRE TO JUSTIFY A TRIP TO LATIN AMERICA. THE MEMO DESCRIBES HOW HE AND HIS COLLEAGUES WOULD OFTEN TRAVEL TO CONFERENCES, FROM BERLIN TO CHINA, TO PROMOTE THE ERSATZ ACADEMIC PROGRAM AND LURE THE UNWITTING TO SAN DIEGO. MOTHER JONES JAN/FEB 98 ELECTION 94 ELECTION RESULTS 3/94 - 6/94. BELARUS ELECTION SCHEDULED; COLOMBIA; DOMICAN REPUBLIC; ECUADOR; EL SALVADOR; HUNGARY; MALAWI; PANAMA; SOUTH AFRICA; TUNISIA; AND UKRAINE. JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY (NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY) 7/94 94 ELECTION RESULTS 6-9/94 INCLUDE BARBADOS; BELARUS; COLOMBIA; DOMICAN REPUBLIC; GUATEMALA; GUINEA-BISSEAU; MEXICO; PANAMA; SLOVAKIA; SRI LANKA; AND UKRAINE. ELECTION WATCH GIVES REPORTS OF ELECTIONS IN DEVELOPING NATIONS AND POST COMMUNIST WORLD. DATA PROVIDED BY INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR ELECTORAL SYSTEMS (IFES). JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY (NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY) 10/94 180-83 CANADA, BRITISH COLOMBIA, 75 7/31/75 A SOURCE SAID THE CIA HAD AT LEAST 6 AGENTS WITHIN THE CIVIL SERVICE OF PREMIER BARRET'S GVT WHO WORKING TO CAUSE ECONOMIC CHAOS IN ORDER TO HAVE A SNAP ELECTION. CANADIAN COVERT ACTIVITY ANALYST BRIARPATCH(?) 11/84 P2 COLOMBIA, 84 NED SPONSORING "COLEGIO LABORAL," LABOR RESEARCH CENTER. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 1984 18 COLOMBIA, 86 NED/NRI TO CONTINUE WORK WITH FUNDACION ESTUDIOS PARA EL DASARROLLO (FEPED) IN EXAMINING VOTING PATTERNS. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 1986 34 COLOMBIA, 88 NED/RESOURCES FOR ACTION, INC. FUNDING CONCIENCIA, A WOMENS' ORG EST IN 87 IN PROVIDING DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 88 36 LATIN AMERICA, 84 NRIIA IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMS FOR FISCAL YEAR 84: DEMOCRAT UNION OF AMERICAS (DUA) - TO CREATE REGIONAL POLITICAL ORG FOR POLITICAL PARTIES IN REGION; TO ASSIST CONSERVATIVE PARTY OF COLOMBIA AND PARTY'S NUEVA COLOMBIA INSTITUTE AND CURRICULUM ON DEMOCRACY AT SIMON BOLIVAR UNIVERSITY; HOLDING SEMINARS IN GRENADA; SUPPORTING PARTIES IN BOLIVIA; IN GUATEMALA TO FUND NATIONAL OPINION POLL (ALSO IN 1985 REPORT P 8); FUNDING CONFERENCE ORGANIZED BY CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; HOSTING A CONFERENCE FOR SCHOLARS, POLITICAL ACTIVISTS, ETC.; PROMOTING STUDY OF DEMOCRACY IN PORTUGAL, ETC. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 1984 35-6 FBI 64 IN 1964, COLOMBIA UNIV. PROFESSOR AMITAI ETZIONI WAS APPROACHED BY A MAN CLAIMING TO BE A POLISH U.N. DIPLOMAT NAMED BOGDAN WALEWSKI. AFTER BOGDAN REQUESTED ACCESS TO SENSITIVE MATERIAL FROM ONE OF ETZIONI'S COLLEAGUES, THE PROFESSOR REPORTED HIM TO FBI. HE GOT NO RESPONSE. IN JUL 90, ETZIONI RECEIVED LETTER FROM WALEWSKI WHO ADMITTED HE HAD BEEN WORKING FOR CIA/FBI AND WAS TESTING PROFESSOR'S LOYALTY. ETZIONI SAID INCIDENT EXPLAINS HIS FBI FILE WHICH DESCRIBED HIM AS HIGHLY CRITICAL OF U.S. POLICY BUT NOT A SECURITY RISK. THE NATION 11/11/91 586-590 FLAP DAVID E. MURPHY BIO. IN VIENNA ACCORDING TO LEGEND, HE HAD A BARROOM BRAWL WITH A KGB MAN. APPARENTLY HE TRIED TO RECRUIT THE KGBER AND HE BLEW UP. IN 66 WHILE SERVING AS CHIEF OF THE SR DIV HE FLEW TO TOKYO TO TRY TO RECRUIT THE KGB RESIDENT, GEORGY P. POKROVSKY. POKROVSKY RETURNED TO HIS RESIDENCE AT THE CLEAN BREEZE TO FIND A COLOMBIAN NEIGHBOR MIGUEL MONEVA CALDERON, SEEMINGLY ILL. HE ASKED POKROVSKY TO HELP HIM TO HIS APARTMENT. MURPHY AND THOMAS A. RYAN WAITED FOR HIM IN A NEARBY STAIRWELL. A SCUFFLE ENSUED. POKROVSKY GOT AWAY AND RETURNED WITH A KGB GOON SQUAD AND A FREE-FOR-ALL TOOK PLACE. STATE DEPT DENIED U.S. GVT REPS INVOLVED WHEN INCIDENT EXPOSED IN MEDIA. WISE, D. (1992). MOLEHUNT 213-4 FOUNDATION CHILE, 70 CIA STAFF OFFICER BRUCE MACMASTER STATED THAT WHILE IN CHILE HE OSTENSIBLY REPRESENTING AMERICAN BUSINESS INTERESTS SUCH AS THE FORD AND ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS AND OTHER UNIDENTIFIED U.S. BUSINESS INTERESTS. MACMASTER TRAVELED ON A FALSIFIED COLOMBIAN PASSPORT TO CHILE TO MEET WITH COUP PLOTTERS. HE TOLD IT WAS THE STUDENT GROUP THAT WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MACHINE GUN ATTACK ON GENERAL SCHNEIDER. ATLANTIC 12/82 P55 FRONT ORG COLOMBIA, 87-88 NED/NRI FUNDING FUNDACION SIMON BOLIVAR TO ESTABLISH AN INTER-AMERICAN FORUM. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 87 51,88 36 COLOMBIA, 87 NED/RESOURCES FOR ACTION, INC. (RFA) FUNDING CONCIENCIA A WOMEN'S ORG ESTABLISHED 5/87 TO TEACH RE DEMOCRACY. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 87 52 COLOMBIA, 88 NED/CIPE WORK WITH COLOMBIAN ASSOCIATION OF POPULAR INDUSTRIALISTS - A BUSINESSMENS ASSOCIATION. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 88 36 COLOMBIA, 93 NED/RESOURCES FOR ACTION GRANT FOR CONCIENCIA - A WOMEN'S ORG. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 9/93 68 COLOMBIA, 97 20 COLOMBIANS KILLED IN BATTLE -- REPRESENTATIVES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS HAVE BEEN TO THE COMBAT ZONE TO PICK UP EIGHT INJURED. WASHINGTON POST 2/4/97 A16 LATIN AMERICA, 85 NED/CIPE SUPPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF EMPLOYERS (IOE), GENEVA SWITZERLAND FOR WORK IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC; INSTITUTO LIBERTAD Y DEMOCRACIA (ILD) LIMA, PERU; PAN AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (PADF) A FOLLOW-ON TO 84 PROGRAM ON NICARAGUA; CAMARA DE LA LIBRE EMPRESA, GUATEMALA; RESPUESTA FOUNDATION FOR DEFENCE OF LIBERTY, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA; ASOCIACIAON CRISTIANA DE DIREGENTES DE EMPRESSA, (ACDE), URUGUAY; CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA LABERTAD, ARGENTIA; FUNDACION DEL TUCUMAN, ARGENTINA; INSTITUDIO COLOMBIANO DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE INCOLDA, COLUMBIA; INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS (IDEC), ARGENTIA; ACCION INTERNATIONAL IN WASH, D.C. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 1985 40-1 LATIN AMERICA, 85 NED/FTUI SUPPORT FOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS COOPERATIVOS Y LABORALES PARA AMERICA LATINA (CECL), TRG PROGRAM OF HISTADRUT, ISRAEL'S DEMOCRATIC LABOR FEDERATION; LABOR LEADERS OF ARGENTINA; TRADE UNIONS IN BOLIVIA; INSTITUTO CULTURAL DO TRABALHO, BRAZIL; CARIBBEAN CONGRESS OF LABOUR; CARIBBEAN POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEES; REGIONAL BUREAUS OF CENTRAL DEMOCRATICO DE TRABAJADORES OF CHILE; COLUMBIA, UNION DE TRABAJADORES DE COLOMBIA; COSTA RICA, SPONSORSHIP OF CONFERENCE ON "DEMOCRACY, PEACE AND CENTRAL AMERICA;" DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SEMINARS ON POLITICAL THEORY; ECUADOR, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON "DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL THEORY;" INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIAT PROGRAM; COSTA RICA, "LIBRO lIBRE, A MAJOR BOOK AND PAMPHLET PUBLISHING PROGRAM; MEXICO, CONFEDERACION DE TRABAJADORES; PERU, PERUVIAN WORKERS CONFEDERATION; SURINAME, DUTCH-BASED COUNCIL FOR LIBERATION OF SURINAME; URUGUAY, URUGUAYAN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CENTERS (ATS). NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 85 41-5 86 P46 HISTORY BARRY SEAL BECAME AN INFORMANT FOR DEA AND WAS GUNNED DOWN ON ORDERS FROM COLOMBIAN DRUG LORDS. AT MEETING OF BRIGADE 2506, IT ALLEGED THAT JOSE "JOE" COUTIN ALLEGEDLY SOLD MACHINE GUNS TO COLOMBIAN HIT SQUAD THAT MURDERED ADLER BERRIMAN "BARRY" SEAL IN BATON ROUGE IN 85. TERRELL, J., AND MARTZ, R. (1992). DISPOSABLE PATRIOT 179,185-7 COLOMBIA, 94-95 MILITARY INTEL SAID AMERICAN RAYMOND RISING IS STILL ALIVE. HE WAS KIDNAPPED IN 4/94 BY THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA AND IS BEING HELD FOR A $3 MILLION RANSOM. HE WAS WORKING FOR THE DALLAS-BASED SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS. AP 11/25/95 LYNDON LAROUCHE'S NATIONAL CAUCUS OF LABOR COMMITTEES (NCLC) ALSO OPERATED INTERNATIONALLY AND CREATED A WEB THAT INCLUDED POLITICAL PARTIES IN EIGHT COUNTRIES, THEY COMPRISED THE INTERNATIONAL CAUCUS OF LABOR COMMITTEES (ICLC). HAD BRANCHES IN WEST GERMANY, FRANCE, ITALY, SWEDEN, CANADA, MEXICO, COLOMBIA, AND PERU. KING, D. (1989). LYNDON LAROUCHE AND THE NEW AMERICAN FASCISM XIV-XV INTEL F BRAZIL, ECUADOR, VENEZUELA, 92 EXTENT OF DRUG ACTIVITIES IN THOSE COUNTRIES UNKNOWN DUE TO A LACK OF INFO. LEVELS NOT BELIEVED SIGNIFICANT COMPARED WITH THOSE OF COLOMBIA, BOLIVIA AND PERU. [ABOVE] COUNTRIES HAVE LIMITED COUNTERING PROGRAMS AND RECEIVE LIMITED U.S. SUPPORT. U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE NSIAD-92-226 1 CZECHOSLOVAKIA, 48 DID NOT PREDICT THE CZECH COUP OR THE ANTI-AMERICAN RIOTS IN COLOMBIA. THOMAS, E. (1995). THE VERY BEST MEN 42 INTEL OP 95 CLINTON'S SPEECH AT CIA. BECAUSE THE COLD WAR IS OVER, SOME SAY THAT WE SHOULD AND CAN STEP BACK FROM THE WORLD AND THAT WE DON'T NEED INTEL AS MUCH AS WE USED TO; THAT WE OUGHT TO SEVERELY CUT THE INTEL BUDGET. A FEW HAVE EVEN URGED US TO SCRAP THE CENTRAL INTEL SERVICE. I THINK THESE VIEWS ARE PROFOUNDLY WRONG. NOW, INSTEAD OF A SINGLE ENEMY, WE FACE A HOST OF SCATTERED AND DANGEROUS CHALLENGES, BUT THEY ARE QUITE PROFOUND AND DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND. THERE ARE ETHNIC AND REGIONAL TENSIONS THAT THREATEN TO FLARE INTO FULL-SCALE WAR IN MORE THAN 30 NATIONS. TWO DOZEN COUNTRIES ARE TRYING TO GET THEIR HANDS ON NUCLEAR, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS. AS THESE TERRIBLE TOOLS OF DESTRUCTION SPREAD, SO, TOO, SPREADS THE POTENTIAL FOR TERRORISM AND FOR CRIMINALS TO ACQUIRE THEM. AND DRUG TRAFFICKING, ORGANIZED CRIME AND ENVIRONMENTAL DECAY THREATEN THE STABILITY OF NEW AND EMERGING DEMOCRACIES, AND THREATEN OUR WELL-BEING HERE AT HOME. IN RECENT MONTHS ALONE YOU WARNED US WHEN IRAQ MASSED ITS TROOPS AGAINST THE KUWAITI BORDER. YOU PROVIDED VITAL SUPPORT TO OUR PEACEKEEPING AND HUMANITARIAN MISSIONS IN HAITI AND RWANDA. YOU HELPED TO STRIKE A BLOW AT A COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTEL. YOU UNCOVERED BRIBES THAT WOULD HAVE CHEATED AMERICAN COUNTRIES OUT OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS. YOUR WORK HAS SAVED LIVES AND PROMOTED AMERICA'S PROSPERITY. CLINTON'S SPEECH AT CIA 7/14/95 INTEL PROD COLOMBIA. JACK ANDERSON QUOTES FROM A CIA NATIONAL INTEL DAILY REPORT GIVEN TO PRESIDENT AND FEWER THAN 100 IN ADM. NID ROUTINELY CLASSIFIED HIGHER THAN TOP SECRET. REPORT CALLS COLOMBIA ANOTHER LEBANON; I.E., A COUNTRY WITH AN IMPOTENT CENTRAL GVT, WHERE JUSTICE METED OUT BY DEATH SQUADS. MEANS A SAFE HAVEN AND LOGISTICAL NECESSITIES FOR EXPORT OF TERRORISM AND DRUGS. WASHINGTON POST 8/22/88 D 8 INVESTIGATION OF 81-96 CIA I.G. HITZ TOLD CONGRESS THAT HE FOUND NO EVIDENCE CIA WAS INVOLVED WITH ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES ALLEGED TO HAVE OCCURRED IN MENA, ARKANSAS. HITZ SAID CIA CONTRACT WORK HAD BEEN DONE AT MENA, AND A TWO WEEK TRAINING COURSE CONDUCTED THERE. NO EVIDENCE OF MONEY LAUNDERING, NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING, OR ARMS SMUGGLING. HITZ RELIED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON CIA FILES OR INFO FROM PAST AND CURRENT EMPLOYEES. HITZ DID NOT PLACE BARRY SEAL AT MENA, BUT HIS REPORT SAID IN 84, CIA TECHNICIANS EQUIPPED SEAL'S C-123K PLANE WITH CAMERAS. LATER SEAL COVERTLY PHOTOGRAPHED A NICARAGUAN OFFICIAL AND A LEADER OF A COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTEL LOADING COCAINE ON THE AIRCRAFT. WASHINGTON TIMES A2 AND WASHINGTON POST 11/9/96 A7 ISRAEL ISRAEL, 90 INVESTIGATION FINDS ISRAELIS TRAINED COLOMBIAN CARTEL ASSASSINS. WASHINGTON POST 12/12/90 A22 LABOR COLOMBIA, 47-74 LABOR OPS FROM 1947-1974. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 47 LATIN AMERICA. THE CREATION OF ORIT. AIFLD STARTED IN 62 AS A NON-PROFIT CORPORATION. "NO SELF-RESPECTING JOURNALIST IN L.A. WOULD REFER TO THE AIFLD WITHOUT...SOME REFERENCE TO THE CIA." (P43). OPS IN COLOMBIA AND PERU. OUTLINE OF SUBJECTS TAUGHT AT AIFLD'S TRAINING CENTER IN FRONT ROYAL, VA. (P43). CENTER'S QUESTIONNAIRE (44). THOMPSON, D., & LARSON, R. (1978). WHERE WERE YOU BROTHER? COLOMBIA, 47-50 CIA COMPELS LIBERALS EXPEL LEFTISTS FROM CTC AND DISAFFILIATE FROM COMMUNIST WFTU. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 47 COLOMBIA, 63-74 CIA INFILTRATES UNIONS CTC AND UTC THRU ORIT. AIFLD HAS TRAINED ASTOUNDING 35000 UNIONIST. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 47 LAW PANAMA, 82-91 NORIEGA RCVD NEARLY $10 MILLION IN PAYOFFS FROM COLOMBIA'S MEDELLIN CARTEL TO PROTECT 15-20 TONS COCAINE BOUND FOR U.S. INFO FROM RICARDO BILONICK, FORMER DIPLOMAT, WHO SURRENDERED TO AUTHORITIES LAST WEEK. DEFENSE CLAIMS SOURCE ONE OF MANY TO RECEIVE "GET OUT OF JAIL FREE" CARD. WASHINGTON POST 8/29/91 A3 PANAMA, 83-92 CIA DOCS SHOW NORIEGA NOT INVOLVED IN BRIBE BY COLOMBIAN DRUG TRAFFICKERS THAT FORMED CENTRAL PART OF DRUG INDICTMENT AGAINST HIM. WASHINGTON POST 3/5/92 A12 PANAMA, 89-92 NORIEGA INVALUABLE TO U.S. IN DRUG WAR, DEFENSE SAYS. HE GAVE INFO ON DRUG OPS AND SECRET FINANCIAL RECORDS THAT LED TO BREAKUP OF MAJOR COLOMBIAN MONEY-LAUNDERING OP AND THE ARREST OF TWO LEADING MEMBERS OF MEDELLIN DRUG CARTEL. GVT NEVER PRODUCED DOCUMENTARY PROOF RE ITS CHARGES RE NORIEGA. WITNESSES TO CALL ARE AMBLER MOSS, FORMER AMBASSADOR; VINCENT CANNISTRARO, FORMER CIA COUNTERTERRORISM CHIEF AND ADM DANIEL MURPHY WHO WHEN BUSH V.P. HEADED A SPECIAL BUSH TASK FORCE TO STOP DRUGS COMING INTO S. FLORIDA. FIRST DEFENSE WITNESSES PETER BENSINGER AND JOHN LAWN. DEFENSE TEAM EFFORTS HAVE SHIFTED AND DOES NOT APPEAR TO PLAN DEAL IN IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR AND ALLEGED CIA INVOLVEMENT IN THE DRUG TRADE. NEW DOCUMENTS SHOW HIGHER LEVEL NORIEGA COOPERATION THAN EARLIER BELIEVED. DEFENSE TO SHOW THAT NORIEGA TRAVELED TO CUBA AT INVITATION CASTRO AND WHEN HE RETURNED HE BRIEFED CIA. IN OCT 83 U.S. ASKED NORIEGA TO CONTACT CASTRO AND ORDER HIS TROOPS IN GRENADA TO SURRENDER TO U.S. FORCES. NORIEGA MADE THAT CALL. WASHINGTON POST 2/4/92 A1,8 LIAISON COLOMBIA, 94 BAD FEELINGS BETWEEN COLOMBIAN AND U.S. INTEL. 5/1/94 IT ANNOUNCED THAT 5-YEAR "REAL-TIME INTEL SHARING" SUSPENDED. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 7/7/94 5 COLOMBIA, 99 DDCI MET WITH COLOMBIA'S TOP OFFICIALS. COLOMBIAN MILITARY CHIEF, GEN. FERNANDO TAPIAS, SAID HE AND AIR FORCE GEN. GORDON DISCUSSED INTEL COOPERATION ON ARMS SMUGGLING AND DRUG TRAFFICKING. CIA PLAYING A GROWING ROLE IN U.S. EFFORTS TO STEM DRUG TRAFFICKING AND COLOMBIA IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST COCAINE EXPORTER AND A GROWING SOURCE OF HEROIN. AP 1/15/99 COLOMBIA, ETC., 88 BCCI APPEARS MORE AND MORE AS MAJOR BANK INVOLVED IN RECYCLING MONEY FROM DRUG TRAFFICKING AND IN VAST SECRET OPS OF WESTERN INTEL SERVICES. AMJAD AWAN, FORMER DIR BCCI IN PANAMA, TESTIFIED HE OPENED ACCOUNT FOR NORIEGA IN 82 INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 11/3/88 1-2 ENGLAND, AFGHANISTAN 80-98 BRITISH ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT MEMBERS OF THE SPECIAL AIR SERVICE (SAS) FROM WRITING UNDERMINED. BOOKS DESCRIBE WORK WITH CIA. CIA HIRED SAS IN EARLY 1980S TO TRAIN AFGHAN MUJAHIDEEN IN GUERRILLA WAR AT "BOOT CAMPS" IN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND, PER SPECIAL FORCES INSTRUCTOR, KEN CONNOR, A FORMER MEMBER OF 22 SAS. IN HIS BOOK, "GHOST FORCE", CONNOR CLAIMS THE THREE-WEEK TRAINING PROGRAM WAS TRANSFERRED TO BRITAIN AFTER THE USSR DESTROYED CIA CAMPS INSIDE AFGHANISTAN, IN 1982. THE SECRET INTEL SERVICE (SIS OR MI6) AND THE MOD HELPED. CONNOR CLAIMS SAS INSTRUCTORS "RESIGNED" WHICH ALLOWED THE GVT TO DENY OFFICIAL BRITISH INVOLVEMENT. ANOTHER FORMER SAS INSTRUCTOR, GAZ HUNTER, IN HIS BOOK, "THE SHOOTING GALLERY", CLAIMS MI6 AND SAS SUPPORTED THE REBEL LEADER AHMAD MASSOUD. WITH CIA, SAS SUPPLIED MASSOUD'S FIGHTERS WITH SURFACE-TO-AIR STINGERS, HIND D ATTACK HELICOPTERS AND ANTONOV AN-26 TRANSPORT PLANES. THESE ACCOUNTS BEGAN WHEN FORMER SAS O/C, GENERAL SIR PETER DE LA BILLIERE, THE SENIOR BRITISH COMMANDER DURING THE 1991 GULF WAR, PUBLISHED A BOOK CALLED "STORM COMMAND", WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE MOD. HE GAVE DETAILS OF SAS AND ROYAL MARINES SPECIAL BOAT SQUAD (SBS) OPS BEHIND IRAQI LINES, INCLUDING FAILURE OF AN EIGHT-MAN SCUD-HUNTING SAS PATROL, CODENAMED BRAVO TWO ZERO. TWO MEMBERS OF THE BADLY-EQUIPPED PATROL, FORMER SAS SERGEANT ANDY MCNAB AND SAS CORPORAL CHRIS RYAN (ASSUMED NAMES) SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHED THEIR BEST-SELLING ACCOUNTS OF THE ILL- FATED OP, WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION FROM THE MOD. IN A 1996 MOD "WHITE PAPER" THE MINISTRY STATES "ALL APPROPRIATE LEGAL OPTIONS" WOULD BE CONSIDERED TO PREVENT PUBLICATION OF MATERIAL WHICH COULD COMPROMISE SAS AND SBS TACTICS. THE MOD ALSO FEARED THE BOOKS WOULD REVEAL TOP SECRET OPS, IN NORTHERN IRELAND, THE MIDDLE EAST, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (AGAINST THE MEXICAN AND COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS) AND IN AFGHANISTAN. INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 12/14/98 12 ENGLAND, COLOMBIA, 93 BRITISH HAVE PUSHED ISRAEL OUT OF SECURITY TRAINING IN COLOMBIA. BRITAIN WILL BEGIN TRAINING COLOMBIAN INTEL IN COMBATTING "VIOLENCE" AND DRUG TRAFFICKING. POLICE TYPE TRAINING OUTLINED. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 2/4/93 5 HONDURAS, ISRAEL. DURING CONTRA WAR HONDURAN MILITARY INTEL OFFICERS ON DOUBLE SALARY FROM CIA AND COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS, WHO SAW ADVANTAGE OF USING HONDURAN AIRSTRIPS FOR TRANSITING COCAINE UNDER COVER OF WAR EFFORT. ISRAELIS ALSO TRAINED HONDURAN DEATH SQUADS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 225 ISRAEL, COLOMBIA, 90 BODY OF ISRAELI BUSINESSMAN ARIK AFEK, WHO BEING INVESTIGATED BY SECRET SERVICE AND CIA RE BUSH'S VISIT FOUND. COLOMBIAN HAD ACCUSED HIM OF HELPING RESERVE ISRAELI COL YAIR KLEIN LEAVE COUNTRY AMID REPORTS IN SEPT 89 THAT KLEIN TRAINED DRUG LORD DEATH SQUADS. ON 1/25/90 ISRAEL TV CLAIMED CIA GAVE AFEK PASSPORT IN EXCHANGE FOR INFO ON ISRAELI ACTIVITY IN COLOMBIA. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 1/31/90 3 ISRAEL, NICARAGUA, 82-92 THE ACCOUNTS OF CARLOS LEHDER - AT NORIEGA'S TRIAL - PARALLELS SOME OF WHAT IS KNOW OF THE HARARI NETWORK, THE ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE CIA AND ISRAEL TO AID THE CONTRAS IN 82. (IFA 5/88, 6/88, 7/88, 10/88, 7/89, 10/89, 11/89, 1/90, 2/90, 4/90, 10/90, 6/91). LEHDER TESTIFIED IN 82 HE MET WITH U.S. VICE COUNSEL IN CALI, COLOMBIA WHO INTRODUCED HIS SUPERIOR. THE TWO OFFERED TO "GIVE ME A GREEN LIGHT TO COME TO THE U.S. WITH DRUGS" IN EXCHANGE FOR USE OF NORMAN CAY, AN ISLAND HE OWNED IN BAHAMAS, TO SUPPLY ARMS TO CONTRAS. HE REFUSED OFFER AS HE SUSPECTED A STING. HE SAID MEDELLIN CARTEL HAD CONTRIBUTED $10 MILLION TO CONTRAS. HE SAID MIKE HARARI WAS A KEY TO DRUG TRAFFICKING (FROM PANAMA). IFA 12/16/91 1, 14-16 ISRAEL, PANAMA, 88-90 MIKE HARARI RECRUITED ISRAELIS FOR NORIEGA'S PERSONAL BODYGUARD DURING 89. HE PREVIOUSLY ORGANIZED THIS FORCE. THIS MEANS HE BEEFED UP NORIEGA'S SECURITY AFTER U.S. OFFICIALS HAD BEGUN EXTENSIVE CIA ACTION AGAINST NORIEGA AND HAD REPEATEDLY ASKED ISRAEL TO RECALL HARARI. IFA 1/90 3, 4,5,8. MIKE HARARI IS ISRAEL'S MAN IN PANAMA WHERE HE HAS HANDLED ISRAELI ARMS SALES AND NOREIGA'S PERSONAL SECURITY FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS. BETWEEN 82-85 HE RAN HARARI NET, A U.S.-ISRAELI CONTRA SUPPLY OP THAT WORKED IN CAHOOTS WITH MEDELLIN CARTEL TO TRANSPORT COCAINE FROM COLOMBIA TO U.S. ISRAELI FOREIGN AFFAIRS 11/89 1,2 MILITARY LATIN AMERICA, 46-94 U.S. ARMY'S SCHOOL OF AMERICAS AT FORT BENNING, GEORGIA IS WHERE L.A. MILITARIES TRAIN OFFICERS. ALUMNI INCLUDE NOREIGA, D'AUBUISSON. OF 27 SALVADORANS NAMED AS RESPONSIBLE FOR 89 JESUIT MURDERS, 19 WERE GRADUATES OF SCHOOL OF AMERICAS. 10 OF 12 CITED FOR EL MOZOTE MASSACRE, TRAINED THERE. OF 246 COLOMBIAN RIGHTS VIOLATORS, 105 TRAINED THERE. BETWEEN 1,500 TO 2000 L.A. SOLDIERS ANNUALLY ATTEND SCHOOL FOR BRUTALITY. IT FOUNDED IN PANAMA IN 46, AND MOVED TO FORT BENNING IN 84. IN 48 YEARS, 58,000 LATINOS HAVE BEEN STUDENTS. COLMAN MCCARTHY WASHINGTON POST 5/10/94 D18 MEXICO, 94-95 GENERAL MANUEL GARC'IA RUIZ, TROOP COMMANDER IN ZAPATISTA TERRITORY, IS A GRADUATE OF THE SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS (SOA), KNOWN AS "MURDERER'S ACADEMY" AND ONE OF 500 OFFICERS OF MEXICAN ARMY WHO GRADUATED FROM SOA, LOCATED IN FORT BENNING, GEORGIA. SOA WAS FOUNDED WITH AIM OF PROVIDING SPECIAL JUNGLE TRAINING FOR U.S. SOLDIERS. DARIN WOOD SAYS THAT LATER IT BECAME A TRAINING CENTER FOR MEMBERS OF THE MILITARY FROM ALL OVER LATIN AMERICA, WITH COURSES ON LOW INTENSITY WARFARE, COMMAND OPS, MILITARY INTEL, PSYCHOLOGICAL OPS, ETC. IT KNOWN AS "SCHOOL FOR OVERTHROW OF GVTS." INITIALLY IN PANAMA, IT RELOCATED IN FORT BENNING, GEORGIA. PANAMANIAN NEWSPAPER "LA PRENSA" CALLED IT "THE SCHOOL OF MURDERERS." PANAMA'S PRESIDENT JORGE ILLUECA SAID THE SCHOOL WAS "THE LARGEST DESTABILIZATION BASE IN LATIN AMERICA." THE SCHOOL TRAINS OVER 4000 MEMBERS OF MILITARY ANNUALLY:" IT IS A TRAINING BASE FOR OFFICERS FROM LATIN AMERICA, BUT AT THE SAME TIME IT HELPS TO KEEP CONTROL, AND TO HAVE A RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ARMIES OF THE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES. MEXICAN OFFICERS WHO ATTENDED THE SCHOOL IN 80, INCLUDED THE NAME OF GARCI'A RUIZ, WHO, AS A LT COL, TOOK A COURSE ON "JOINT OPS LATIN AMERICA O-16." SCHOOL GRADUATES ARE THE SIX PERUVIAN OFFICERS MEMBERS OF A DEATH SQUAD WHICH KILLED 10 PEOPLE IN 92; FOUR OF THE FIVE HONDURAN OFFICERS QUOTED IN A REPORT BY THE HUMAN RIGHTS ORG AMERICA'S WATCH AS MEN RESPONSIBLE FOR DEATH SQUAD "BATTALION 316", AND 105 OF THE 246 OFFICERS MENTIONED IN A FORMAL COMPLAINT ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN COLOMBIA. TRUTH COMMISSION REPORT OF U.N., ABOUT WAR IN EL SALVADOR, OUT OF THE 69 OFFICERS OF SALVADORAN ARMY MENTIONED AS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATORS, 42 GRADUATED FROM SOA; OUT OF THOSE 42, TWO WERE ACCUSED OF ASSASSINATION OF ARCHBISHOP OSCAR ARNULFO ROMERO, IN 80; THREE ARE INVOLVED IN CASE OF RAPE AND MURDER OF THREE U.S. NUNS, AND A LAY WORKER; ANOTHER IS ACCUSED OF HAVING DIRECTED THE KILLING OF 300 MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN AT THE RIVER SAMPUL, IN 80; THREE WERE INVESTIGATED IN RELATION TO THE MURDER OF LABOR UNION LEADERS AT THE SHERATON HOTEL, IN 81; THREE ARE ACCUSED OF MASSACRE OF 16 CIVILIANS IN LAS HOJAS, IN 83; ANOTHER FOR THE MURDER OF FOUR DUTCH NEWSPAPER REPORTERS, IN 82; TWO WERE ACCUSED OF MURDERING HUNDREDS OF CIVILIANS IN EL MOZOTE IN 81; SIX FOR MURDER OF TEN CIVILIANS IN SAN SEBASTIA'N, IN 88; 19 FOR THE MURDER OF JESUIT PRIESTS FROM CENTRAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, IN 89, AND TWO ACCUSED OF HAVING MURDERED A DOCTOR IN 90. PROCESO 3/6/95 38-39 NED 91 ARTICLES IN THE JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY WINTER 91: PRESENT AT THE TRANSITION (URUGUAY), SANGUINETTI; THE NEW WORLD DISORDER, KEN JOWIT; WHY DEMOCRACY CAN WORK IN EASTERN EUROPE, BY GIUSEPP DI PALMA; RETHINKING AFRICAN DEMOCRACY, BY CLAUDE AKE; MAINLIA'S MALAISE, BY CARL LANDE; ISLAM, ELECTIONS, AND REFORM IN ALGERIA; DANIEL BLUMBERG; CONSTITUTIONAL CHOICES FOR NEW DEMOCRACIES, AREND LIJPHART; LATIN AMERICA'S INTERNAL WARS, GUSTAVO GORRITTI; COLOMBIA'S BLOODY WAR OF WORDS, DUNCAN. JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY (NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY) WINTER PASSIM 92 NORTH-SOUTH WORKSHOP FOR WOMEN CIVIC LEADERS. "CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY IN THE AMERICAS," HELD MID JAN 92 IN MIAMI. WOMEN LEADERS FROM SOUTH, CENTRAL AND NORTH AMERICA ATTENDED. SPONSORED BY THE NORTH-SOUTH CENTER OF THE U. OF MIAMI AND THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF DADE COUNTRY, WORKSHOP FOCUSED ON BUILDING PUBLIC CONSENSUS, CITIZEN EDUCATION, CIVIC ACTION, GVT ACCOUNTABILITY, ETC. PARTICIPANTS INCLUDED MARIA ROSA DE MARTINI (CONCIENCIA, ARGENTINA), MONICA JIMENEZ DE BARROS (PARTICIPA, CHILE), MONICA DE GREIFF (COLOMBIA), CONSUELO MAINGOT OF FLORIDA, CAROL WHITNEY (INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP), BILL REEECE (PARTNERS OF THE AMERICAS) AND IRMA ARIAS DUVAL (LATIN AMERICAN ORGANIZATION OF NON-GVT NONPARTISAN INSTITUTIONS FOR CIVIC EDUCATION). JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY (NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY) 4/92 132 COLOMBIA, 94-95 FORMER COLOMBIAN PRESIDENT GAVIRIA-TRUJILLO WAS INSTALLED 9/15/94 AS SECRETARY GENERAL OF OAS. IN HIS SPEECH, HE OUTLINED ROLE OAS SHOULD PLAY IN DEFENDING AND STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE. EXCERPTS FROM SPEECH. JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY (NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY) 1/95 185-6 LATIN AMERICA 85 NED/CIPE FUNDING INSTITUTE FOR LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY (ILD) TO BE AN ADVOCATE FOR BUSINESSES. ORGS IN ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, COLOMBIA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, EL SALVADOR AND VENEZUELA TO PURSUE SIMILAR EFFORTS. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 85 15 OVERSIGHT 98 SPECIAL FORCES TRAINING REVIEW SOUGHT. HOUSE AND SENATE DEFENSE COMMITTEES PLAN TO REQUIRE DEFENSE SECRETARY COHEN TO PLAY A GREATER ROLE IN DECIDING WHETHER AND HOW U.S. SPECIAL OPS TRAIN FOREIGN MILITARIES IN SENSITIVE COUNTRIES. MEASURE IS A REACTION TO PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED WITH THE JOINT COMBINED EXCHANGE TRAINING PROGRAM (JCET), FUNDED BY A 1991 LAW THAT SAYS U.S. TROOPS MAY GO ON TRAINING EXERCISES WITH FOREIGN MILITARIES OVERSEAS IF THE PRIMARY PURPOSE IS TO TRAIN U.S. TROOPS. WASHINGTON POST REPORTED THIS WEEK THAT MANY MISSIONS HAVE OTHER GOALS, SUCH AS TRAINING FOREIGN TROOPS IN COUNTERDRUG AND COUNTERINSURGENCY OPS, AND ARE NOT WELL MONITORED BY SENIOR FOREIGN POLICY OFFICIALS. LETHAL-TACTICS TRAINING IN COUNTRIES SUCH AS INDONESIA, COLOMBIA, RWANDA, SURINAME, EQUATORIAL GUINEA, TURKEY AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA ALSO SUGGESTED THE PROGRAM IS OUT OF STEP WITH THE BROADER FOREIGN POLICY OF FOSTERING MILITARY RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. WASHINGTON POST 7/15/98 A25 PARAMILITARY COLOMBIA, 99 U.S. IS TO STEP UP MILITARY AND ECONOMIC AID TO COLOMBIA [TO FIGHT] THE DRUG-FINANCED MARXIST GUERRILLAS THERE. U.S. OFFICIALS WARNED PRESIDENT ANDRES PASTRANA THAT HE RISKS LOSING U.S. SUPPORT IF HE MAKES FURTHER CONCESSIONS TO THE INSURGENTS TO RESTART STALLED PEACE NEGOTIATIONS. BUT WHITE HOUSE DRUG POLICY DIRECTOR MCCAFFREY AND STATE'S THOMAS PICKERING, ALSO TOLD PASTRANA THE U.S. WILL INCREASE AID IF HE DEVELOPS A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TO STRENGTHEN THE MILITARY, HALT THE NATION'S ECONOMIC FREE FALL AND FIGHT DRUG TRAFFICKING. SECURITY ASSISTANCE ALREADY STANDS AT $289 MILLION THIS YEAR. THE U.S. [HAS ALREADY] RESUMED HELPING THE ARMY AND EXPANDED INTEL SHARING. THE U.S, IS TRAINING A 950-MAN COLOMBIAN ARMY COUNTERNARCOTICS BATTALION. THE U.S. IS PLANNING TO FUND AT LEAST TWO MORE SUCH BATTALIONS. COLOMBIA PRODUCES 80 PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S COCAINE AND ABOUT 70 PERCENT OF THE HEROIN SENT TO THE U.S. TWO MARXIST GUERRILLA GROUPS -- THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC), WITH ABOUT 15,000 COMBATANTS, AND THE NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY (ELN), WITH ABOUT 5,000 -- CONTROL ABOUT 40 PERCENT OF TERRITORY AND RECEIVE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM PROTECTING DRUG TRAFFICKING ROUTES, AIRSTRIPS AND LABORATORIES. 7,000 RIGHT-WING PARAMILITARY TROOPS, WHO ALSO DERIVE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM COCAINE TRAFFICKING, CONTROL ABOUT 15 PERCENT OF THE TERRITORY. IN A WORLD WITH A LOT OF BAD POLICY OPTIONS TOWARD COLOMBIA, WE ARE TAKING THE WORST ONE, SAID WINIFRED TATE OF THE WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA. "BY STRENGTHENING THE MILITARY YOU ARE STRENGTHENING AN ABUSIVE, CORRUPT INSTITUTION THAT HAS RESISTED CIVIL CONTROL AND HUMAN RIGHTS REFORMS..." WHILE U.S. AID SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON FIGHTING DRUGS, THE LINE BETWEEN COUNTERNARCOTICS AND COUNTERINSURGENCY HAS BLURRED SO MUCH THAT IT IS ALMOST MEANINGLESS. THE IMMEDIATE INCREASE IN MILITARY AID WILL FOCUS ON UPGRADING A SOPHISTICATED INTEL AND LISTENING POST IN TRES ESQUINAS, AND U.S. TRAINING OF NEW, SPECIAL UNITS IN THE COLOMBIAN ARMY. WASHINGTON POST 8/29/99 A1 PERSONNEL 86 TOM DARCY A NONOFFICIAL COVER OFFICER (NOC). HE TRANSPORTING INTERCEPTION EQUIPMENT TO A CIA BOAT TO SAIL OFF COAST OF LEBANON TO EAVESDROP ON TERRORISTS. EARLIER IN THE CARIBBEAN. DARCY LEFT CIA IN 93. MORE SPIES GOING UNDER NOC COVER BECAUSE TERRORISTS, NUCLEAR SMUGGLERS, MONEY LAUNDERERS AND WARLORDS ARE NOT FOUND IN COCKTAIL DIPLOMATIC CIRCUIT. CIA EXPANDING NOC PROGRAM - SEVERAL HUNDRED NOW IN FIELD AND NUMBERS GROWING. ONLY TOP LEVEL OFFICIALS OF COMPANIES KNOW IDENTITY OF CIA NOC OFFICERS. HANDLING TAX RETURNS. TO RECRUIT NOCS, CIA USES FRONT COMPANIES AND PLACES ADDS IN MAJOR NEWSPAPERS. CIA'S OFFICE OF CENTRAL COVER MUST ASSIGN A STAFF MEMBER TO HANDLE NOC OFFICER'S PERSONAL AFFAIRS. NOC OFFICERS IN COLOMBIA WOUNDED OR KILLED IN GUNFIGHTS WITH DRUG SMUGGLERS. A NOC OFFICER IN AFRICA WAS BEATEN AND JAILED FOR A MONTH. NOC OFFICERS HAVE MORE LUCK IN HARD TARGETS SUCH AS IRAN, IRAQ AND NORTH KOREA. CIA EXPERIMENTING WITH SETTING UP TWO STATIONS IN COUNTRIES. MORALE AT CIA AT ROCKBOTTOM. YOUNG CASE OFFICERS DEMANDING HOUSECLEANING OF TOP OFFICIALS OF OPS DIRECTORATE. 12/94 CIA SETTLED A LAWSUIT WITH JAMAICAN STATION CHIEF JANINE BROOKNER FOR 410,000 PLUS LAWYERS FEES. TIME 2/20/95 28 THAILAND. BERNARDO HUGH TOVAR, NATURALIZED COLOMBIAN, SPENT YEARS IN THE PHILIPPINES WITH LANSDALE, WAS COS IN INDONESIA IN 64, COS IN LAOS, AND THEN TO THAILAND IN 73. INDOCHINA RESOURCE CENTER STUDY 1/77 POLICY COLOMBIA, 50-92 SEE ARTICLE "COLOMBIA'S DIRTY WAR, WASHINGTON'S DIRTY HANDS." THE PROGRESSIVE 5/92 20-27 COLOMBIA, 90-83 A HISTORY OF U.S. RELATIONS WITH COLOMBIA. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 6/83 1-47 POLITICAL A COLOMBIA, 94 GRANT VIA ASSOCIATION FOR SUPPORT OF INTEGRAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FOR VARIOUS POLITICAL PROJECTS. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 94 82 PROCEDURES COLOMBIA, 98 ID CARDS. FRENCH COMPANY, SAGEM, SIGNED A $45 MILLION CONTRACT WITH COLOMBIA FOR A NEW HIGH-TECH IDENTITY CARD FOR ITS 25 MILLION ADULTS. EACH CARD WILL HAVE FINGERPRINTS DIGITIALIZED BY THE AUTOMATIC FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AFIS) DEVELOPED WITH MORPHO SYSTEMES (INT, N. 66 2) AND A DIGITALIZED FULL-FACE PHOTOGRAPH. MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE, HOWEVER, SEEM TO FAVOR A SMART CARD ID SOLUTION. BIDDING IS UNDER WAY FOR THE 20 MILLION ID CARDS MALAYSIA NEEDS. SOUTH KOREA IS CONSIDERING A SMART CARD TO REPLACE DRIVERS' LICENSES. INTELLIGENCE - A COMPUTERIZED INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED IN FRANCE 3/9/98 13 PROPAGANDA GENERAL THEME IS DANGER OF PENETRATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM WESTERN HEMISPHERE THROUGH CUBA. SUBSTANTIATED BY STORIES PLANTED BY CIA OF CUBAN ARMS SHIPMENTS TO GUERRILLAS IN COLOMBIA AND TO ECUADOR. AGEE, P. (1975). INSIDE THE COMPANY: CIA DIARY P147 VENEZUELA. LAUNDERING BLACK PROP. CIA STATION CARACAS CAN CABLE INFO ON SECRET COMMUNIST PLOT TO BOGATA STATION WHICH CAN "SURFACE" THROUGH LOCAL AGENT WITH ATTRIBUTION TO UNIDENTIFIED VENEZUELAN GVT OFFICIAL. INFO CAN THEN BE PICKED UP BY COLOMBIAN PRESS AND RELAYED CIA STATIONS IN AREA. FEW DAYS LATER EDITORIAL BEGIN APPEAR IN NEWSPAPERS THOSE PLACES AND PRESSURE MOUNTS ON VENEZUELAN GVT TAKE REPRESSIVE ACTION AGAINST COMMUNISTS. LANDIS, F.S. (1975). PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AND MEDIA OPERATIONS IN CHILE 1970-1973 26 PUBLICATION 91 NED'S JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY, WINTER 1991 (NO. 1). JULIO MARMA SANGUINETTI, PRESENT AT THE TRANSITION. AFTER LENINISM, KEN JOWITT, THE NEW WORLD DISORDER. GIUSEPPE DI PALMA, WHY DEMOCRACY CAN WORK IN EASTERN EUROPE. CLAUDE AKE, RETHINKING AFRICAN DEMOCRACY. CARL LAND, MANILA'S MALAISE. DANIEL BRUMBERG, ISLAM, ELECTIONS, AND REFORM IN ALGERIA. AREND LIJPHART, CONSTITUTIONAL CHOICES FOR NEW DEMOCRACIES. GUSTAVO GARROTE, LATIN AMERICA'S INTERNAL WARS. MARA GEMINI SUZAN, COLOMBIA'S BLOODY WAR OF WORDS. BOOKS IN REVIEW - MARC F. PLATTNER ON "PERCALES OF ATHENS AND THE BIRTH OF DEMOCRACY." HTTP://WWW.NED.ORG COLOMBIA. CIA FINANCED ANTI-COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA IN GUISE OF CHURCH LITERACY PROGRAM, RADIO SUTATENZA. PROJECT SUPPORTED PEASANT LEADERSHIP COURSES WITH WEEKLY NEWSPAPER, EL CAMPESINO. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 289 LATIN AMERICA, 52-67 CCF ACTIVITIES IN L.A. CREATED THE MAGAZINE CUADERNOS. SECRETARIAT CREATED NATIONAL COMMITTEES IN ARGENTINA, CHILE, CUBA, MEXICO, PERU, URUGUAY, COLOMBIA, AND BRAZIL. COLEMAN, P. (1989). THE LIBERAL CONSPIRACY 153-56 RELIGION CHILE, OCTOBER 75 BISHOP CARLOS CAMUS, SECRETARY GENERAL OF CHILEAN BISHOPS' CONFERENCE, CAME UNDER ATTACK AFTER OFF-THE-RECORD COMMENTS FROM DINNER WITH FOREIGN JOURNALISTS APPEARED ON TAPE IN PRO-GOVERNMENT MEDIA OFFICES. CERTAIN REMARKS USED TO SUGGEST CHURCH WAS CONTROLLED BY MARXISTS. ALVARO PINEDA CASTRO, COLOMBIAN JOURNALIST WHO LEAKED TAPE, WAS GENERAL MANAGER 60-68 OF CHILEAN NEWS AGENCY CALLED "ORBE LATINO-AMERICANO." ACCORDING TO PHILIP AGEE, ORBE "FINANCED AND CONTROLLED BY THE CIA THROUGH SANTIAGO, CHILE STATION." THE NATION 5/22/76 624 CIA USING MISSIONARIES AND CHURCH GROUPS IN OPS AND AS INTEL SOURCES. SOME AMERICAN MISSIONARIES BOLIVIA PASSED CIA INFO ON DISSIDENT GROUPS, A SOUTH VIETNAMESE BISHOP ON CIA PAYROLL, CIA FINANCED RADIO BROADCASTS TO PROMOTE LITERACY AND SPREAD ANTI COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA IN COLOMBIA AND USE OF A JESUIT IN CHILE AS A CONDUIT FOR MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN POLITICAL ACTION FUNDS. HALPERIN, M. H. ET AL. (1976). THE LAWLESS STATE 49-50 COLOMBIA. CIA FINANCED ANTI-COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA IN GUISE OF CHURCH LITERACY PROGRAM, RADIO SUTATENZA. PROJECT SUPPORTED PEASANT LEADERSHIP COURSES WITH WEEKLY NEWSPAPER, EL CAMPESINO. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 289 COLOMBIA, 75-76 [SIL FOUNDER TOWNSEND] MADE TWO VISITS TO BOGOTA. ON SECOND VISIT IN 2/76, HE TRIED TO LAUGH AWAY CIA CHARGES. HVALKOF, S. & AABY, P. (EDS.). (1981). IS GOD AN AMERICAN 74 CONVERGENCE OF VIEWS OF THE VATICAN AND THE U.S. CLOSE DURING 50-59 AND NOWHERE MORE THAN IN LATIN AMERICA. POINT MAN FOR ENDEAVORS WAS CARDINAL SPELLMAN WHO SERVED FOR 3 DECADES AS THE PRIMARY AMERICAN RESPONSIBLE FOR LATIN AMERICA AS WELL AS THE INFORMAL ENVOY OF ROOSEVELT, TRUMAN AND EISENHOWER. SPELLMAN PERSONALLY SELECTED BISHOPS FOR L.A. AND ORDERED THE ARCHBISHOP OF BOGOTA, COLOMBIA, TO SUBMIT ALL STATEMENTS ABOUT THE U.S. TO THE AMBASSADOR FOR APPROVAL. IN 54 SPELLMAN ACTED AS GO BETWEEN FOR THE CIA AND GUATEMALAN BISHOP ROSSELL ARELLANO, WHOSE PASTORAL LETTER CONDEMNING COMMUNISM WAS VITAL IN PREPARING FOR THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ'S GVT. ROSSELL'S DEMAND FOR THE PEOPLE TO RISE AS A SINGLE MAN AGAINST THE ENEMY OF GOD AND COUNTRY WAS READ IN EVERY CHURCH AND AIRDROPPED BY THE CIA A FEW WEEKS BEFORE THE COUP. IN 62 A CIA REPORT CONCLUDED THE VATICAN WAS BECOMING A LESS RELIABLE ALLY. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 10/85 P21 LATIN AMERICA. PENNY LERNOUX'S BOOK "CRY OF THE PEOPLE," CHRONICLES NUMEROUS EFFORTS, OFTEN CIA INSPIRED, TO TURN PUBLIC OPINION AGAINST THE PROGRESSIVE CHURCH. CIA BLACK PROPAGANDA PROJECTS WERE UNDERTAKEN IN ECUADOR, BRAZIL AND CHILE; IN COLOMBIA THE CIA FINANCED ANTI-COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA "UNDER THE GUISE OF A CHURCH LITERACY PROGRAM" WHICH HAD A MILLION PEASANT LISTENERS. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 10/85 P29 LATIN AMERICA, 66-85 LATIN AMERICA'S CATHOLIC BISHOPS, MEETING IN MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA IN 68 CALLED ON THE CHURCH TO STAND WITH THE CONTINENT'S POOR. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF L.A. CATHOLICISM, HOWEVER, HAS BEEN LINKED TO THE EXERCISE OF POLITICAL POWER. POPE PAUL II'S OFFENSIVE AGAINST LIBERATION THEOLOGY IS ROOTED IN CONSERVATIVE REACTION TO THE MEDELLIN CONFERENCE. THE VATICAN'S AGENDA, RESTORING CHURCH DISCIPLINE IN CENTRAL AMERICA, BRINGS IT INTO CLOSE ALLIANCE WITH THE REAGAN ADM. A LOOK AT THE CASE OF ARCHBISHOP OSCAR ROMERO SHOWS HOW THE POPE HAS SUBORDINATED THEOLOGICAL CONCERNS TO POLITICS. NACLA ISSUE 10/85 P13-47 THIRD WORLD, 48-75 UNTIL 75 THE CIA ROUTINELY USED MISSIONARIES AND CLERICS AS INFORMANTS. THIS ESPECIALLY TRUE IN CENTRAL AMERICA WHERE MOST OF 14 DOCUMENTED CASES OF COLLABORATION OCCURRED. (THE HISTORIC CONFERENCE OF LATIN AMERICAN BISHOPS HELD IN COLOMBIAN CITY OF MEDELLIN IN 68 SET THE HEMISPHERE'S CATHOLIC CHURCH ON A NEW COURSE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE. CALLED THE MEDELLIN CONFERENCE.) DURING THE COLD WAR U.S. MISSIONARIES ROUTINELY ON THEIR RETURN TO THE U.S. VISITED THE STATE DEPT TO BE DEBRIEFED. A PROTESTANT MISSIONARY IN BOLIVIA REGULARLY MET WITH A CIA AGENT TO PASS ON ALL SORTS OF INFO ABOUT UNIONS FARMERS' COOPERATIVES. CIA REGULARLY VISITED THE MARYKNOLL HQS IN NEW YORK UP TO 1970. CIA TRIED TO GET INFO FROM MISSIONARIES IN THE FIELD BY DEVELOPING FRIENDSHIPS AND APPEARING TO ASK DISINTERESTED QUESTIONS WITHOUT IDENTIFYING THEMSELVES AS CIA. IN GUATEMALA A CIA AGENT USED HIS BACKGROUND AS A MARYKNOLL SEMINARIAN TO DEVELOP CONTACTS WITH U.S. MISSIONARIES. THE CIA IN LATIN AMERICA SUPPORTED RIGHT-WING CATHOLIC GROUPS. THE NATION 4/26/80 P494-496 WYCLIFFE BIBLE TRANSLATORS SPECIALIZE IN LINGUISTIC AND RELIGIOUS WORK AMONG TRIBAL PEOPLES. THEY EFFECTIVELY COMBINE SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUE WITH RELIGIOUS MYSTIFICATION...TO THE OLD PROCESS OF PACIFYING NATIVE PEOPLES. WBT ALSO CREATED THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS. SEE CHART ON PAGE 20 FOR A LIST OF TRAINING CENTERS FOR THE SIL. NO COVERT RELATIONSHIP WITH U.S. INTEL OR PARAMILITARY OP REVEALED BUT WBT/SIL IS IN PART FUNDED BY THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM, NEPAL AND PERU. WBT/SIL ACTIVE IN LATIN AMERICA; I.E., MEXICO, GUATEMALA, PANAMA, COLOMBIA, SURINAM, ECUADOR, PERU, BOLIVIA AND BRAZIL. IT WORKS WITH INDIANS IN NORTH AMERICA AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF EUROPE, AFRICA, AND ASIA. FOR DETAILED INFO SEE NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 12/73 P15-21 SPECIAL FORCES COLOMBIA, 91 NEW 97-MAN ANTI-GUERRILLA COMMANDO UNIT EST MY NATIONAL POLICE TO PREVENT SPREAD OF INSURGENCIES TO CAPITAL. TRAINED BY U.S. SPECIAL FORCES AND ISRAELIS IN EXPLOSIVES, ETC. BACKED BY 20-MAN INTEL UNIT. INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 3/13/91 4 LATIN AMERICA, ECUADOR, 95-98 FOR TWO WEEKS IN MAY, U.S. SPECIAL OPS USED A REGION NEAR THE COLOMBIAN BORDER TO STAGE THEIR BIGGEST DEPLOYMENT IN LATIN AMERICA IN YEARS -- AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT THE U.S. MILITARY IS DOING, AND WOULD LIKE TO DO MORE OF, THROUGHOUT LATIN AMERICA. IDEA TO TRAIN THE ECUADORAN MILITARY TO BETTER FIGHT TWO INTERTWINED FOES: DRUG TRAFFICKERS AND MARXIST GUERRILLAS. 143 ELITE U.S. TROOPS AND THEIR 645 ECUADORAN COUNTERPARTS USED MOCK RAIDS ON TARGETS SUCH AS A "NARCO-GUERRILLA CAMP" AND A SUPPOSED COCAINE LABORATORY. BUT AFTER THE OP, THE ECUADORAN MILITARY CALLED THE TROOPS TO ARMS -- NOT AGAINST TRAFFICKERS OR GUERRILLAS, BUT AGAINST PERU, WITH WHICH ECUADOR HAS AN UNRESOLVED BORDER DISPUTE. EXERCISE WAS ONE OF A MUCH LARGER PHENOMENON: AMERICA'S FORCES ARE QUIETLY REENGAGING LATIN AMERICA'S MILITARY. USING ARMY GREEN BERETS, NAVY SEALS, AND OTHER SPECIAL OPS FORCES, THE PENTAGON IS TRAINING EVERY ARMY IN LATIN AMERICA, OFTEN AVOIDING OVERSIGHT. SPECIAL OPS TRAINING PROCEEDED EVEN IN 1996 AND 1997, WHEN CLINTON HAD "DECERTIFIED" COLOMBIA FOR MOST MILITARY AID AND ASSISTANCE -- BECAUSE OF ITS FAILURE TO COOPERATE WITH U.S. ANTI-NARCOTICS POLICY. A BIG COMPONENT OF THE PROGRAM [IN LATIN AMERICA] IS "FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE" (FID) TRAINING, TO HELP AGAINST INTERNAL THREATS -- WHICH THE U.S. SOUTHERN COMMAND SAYS INCLUDE NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING. THE TERM GREW OUT OF COUNTERINSURGENCY, BUT NOW WE ARE BUILDING THE CAPABILITIES OF HOST NATIONS IN A RANGE OF THINGS FROM DISASTER RELIEF TO COMBATING SUBVERSION, LAWLESSNESS AND INSURGENCY." DURING THE 1960S AND 1970S, THE US -- SUPPORTED THE MILITARY OF LATIN AMERICA'S MAJOR COUNTRIES, EVEN AS THEY STAGED COUPS AGAINST CIVILIAN GOVTS AND ESTABLISHED BRUTAL MILITARY REGIMES. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, CHILE, BOLIVIA, PARAGUAY AND URUGUAY ALL SPENT LONG, DARK YEARS UNDER MILITARY RULE. IN ARGENTINE, AS MANY AS 10,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED OR "DISAPPEARED." WASHINGTON POST 7/13/98 A1 PERU, BOLIVIA, COLOMBIA, 86-90 SF ADVISERS HAVE WORKED WITH BOLIVIA'S DRUG POLICE SINCE 86 AND BUSH ADM HAS EXPANDED MILITARY'S ADVISORY ROLE IN REGION. GROUP INSTRUCTORS TO WORK WITH PERUVIAN POLICE IN 89 AND ADVISERS TO COLOMBIA IN 89. IN 89 BUSH SIGNED NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTIVE PERMITTING MILITARY ADVISERS TO WORK IN DRUG PRODUCING ZONES. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 4/90 10 TECH, AUDIO COLOMBIA, 84 OP TO CAPTURE DRUGS NAMED OP CHEMCOM, PERHAPS DEA'S MOST SUCCESSFUL UNDERCOVER OP EVER. DEA PLANTED 2 BARRELS OF THERE OWN AMONG 76 BARRELS CHEMICALS GOING COLOMBIA. TWO BARRELS WERE EQUIPPED WITH RADIO TRACKING DEVICES AND BATTERY PACKS EMBEDDED IN FALSE BOTTOM. MILITARY SATELLITES FOLLOWED THE BEEPING BARRELS AND DEA PASSED COORDINATES TO COLOMBIAN POLICE. DINGES, J. (1990). OUR MAN IN PANAMA NOTES 322 TERRORISM 96 LARRY JOHNSON AN EXPERT ON TERRORISM, JOINED MORRIS BUSBY TO SET UP BGI INTERNATIONAL. FOR THE STATE DEPT BUSBY JUST TOURED FRANCE AND GERMANY TO BRIEF OTHER TERRORISM EXPERTS. JOHNSON CLAIMS TERRORISM IS WANING. HE LISTS 10 MOST DANGEROUS INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1991 AND 1995 AS: THE KURDISTAN WORKERS PARTY (PKK) FOLLOWED BY COLOMBIA'S NATIONAL LIBERATION PARTY (NLP), TURKEY'S DEV SOL AND "IRAQI GOVERNMENT AGENTS" WHILE LEBANON'S HEZBOLLAH IS ONLY TENTH AND LAST. FACTS COULD BE QUALIFIED BY FACT JOHNSON WORKS FOR THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT AND BUSBY IS A FORMER AMBASSADOR TO COLOMBIA. JOHNSON, WORKED FOR CIA BETWEEN 85-89 IN OPS CENTER OF DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS AND AS A ANALYST FOR DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE. HE THEN SERVED AS DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF STATE DEPARTMENT'S OFFICE OF COUNTERTERRORISM. THERE HE ORGANIZED DE-BRIEFING OF U.S. CITIZENS HELD IN KUWAIT AND IRAQ FOLLOWING THE INVASION OF KUWAIT IN 1990. HE ALSO SUPERVISED THE U.S. ANTI-TERRORISM ASSISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM WHICH TRAINED OVER 15,000 SECURITY OFFICIALS FROM MORE THAN 70 COUNTRIES. HTTP://WWW.INDIGO-NET.COM/INTEL.HTML INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER 10/30/96 8 97 "TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS" DESIGNATED BY THE OFFICE OF THE COORDINATOR FOR COUNTERTERRORISM: ABU NIDAL ORG (ANO); ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ASG); ARMED ISLAMIC GROUP (GIA); AUM SHINRIKYO (AUM); EUZKADI TA ASKATASUNA (ETA); DEMOCRATIC FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE-HAWATMEH FACTION (DFLP); HAMAS (ISLAMIC RESISTANCE MOVEMENT); HARAKAT UL-ANSAR (HUA); HIZBALLAH (PARTY OF GOD); GAMA'A AL-ISLAMIYYA (ISLAMIC GROUP, IG); JAPANESE RED ARMY (JRA); AL-JIHAD; KACH; KAHANE CHAI; KHMER ROUGE; KURDISTAN WORKERS' PARTY (PKK); LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM (LTTE); MANUEL RODRIGUEZ PATRIOTIC FRONT DISSIDENTS (FPMR/D); MUJAHEDIN-E KHALQ ORG (MEK, MKO); NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY (ELN); PALESTINE ISLAMIC JIHAD-SHAQAQI FACTION (PIJ); PALESTINE LIBERATION FRONT-ABU ABBAS FACTION (PLF); POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE (PFLP); POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE-GENERAL COMMAND (PFLP-GC); REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC); REVOLUTIONARY ORG 17 NOVEMBER (17 NOVEMBER); REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S LIBERATION PARTY/FRONT (DHKP/C); REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S STRUGGLE (ELA); SHINING PATH (SENDERO LUMINOSO, SL); AND, TUPAC AMARU REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT (MRTA). STATE DEPT 10/8/97 CUBA, 76 MINUTES AFTER TAKING OFF FROM BARBADOS AIRPORT ON 10/6/76, A CUBANA AIRLINER WITH 73 PEOPLE ON BOARD EXPLODED IN MID AIR OVER CARIBBEAN SEA. EXPLOSION WAS RESULT OF [A BOMB].VENEZUELANS FREDDY LUGO AND HERNA'N RICARDO WERE CHARGED WITH THE CRIME, AND CUBANS ORLANDO BOSCH AND LUIS POSADA CARRILES WERE ACCUSED OF MASTERMINDING THE SABOTAGE. PRIOR TO THE EXPLOSION, CUBANS HAD CARRIED OUT DOZENS OF ATTACKS ON CUBAN OFFICES AND INSTALLATIONS AS WELL AS ENTITIES RELATED TO CUBA. SHORTLY AFTER MOUNTING ATTACKS ON THE CUBAN EMBASSY AND THE AIR PANAMA OFFICES IN COLOMBIA, CORU, A CIA ORGANIZATION OF CUBANS, CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THOSE AND OTHER ACTS OF AGGRESSION." IN 10/76 THE MONTREAL DAILY LA PRESSE RECALLED THAT ORLANDO BOSCH AND LUIS POSADA CARRILES HAD BOTH BEEN TRAINED BY CIA TO ASSASSINATE CUBAN LEADERS. IT ALSO REVEALED THAT THEY WERE LINKED TO THE MURDER OF ORLANDO LETELIER, FORMER FOREIGN MINISTER OF CHILE'S POPULAR UNITY GOVERNMENT. ORLANDO BOSCH [LIVES IN] MIAMI. POSADA CARRILES ESCAPED FROM PRISON, WITH THE AID OF VENEZUELAN ELEMENTS AND THE CIA, TO WORK IN THE U.S. DIRTY WAR AGAINST THE SANDINISTAS. HE WAS ALSO LINKED WITH THE SALVADORAN DEATH SQUADS. MILITANT 11/4/96 FROM GRANMA INTERNATIONAL 10/9/96 THINK TANK 56-96 BY MID-62 BISSELL WAS PRESIDENT OF THE INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSIS, A THINK TANK FORMED BY A DOZEN UNIVERSITIES TO RECRUIT SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF WEAPONS SYSTEMS. IDA BEGAN AT REQUEST OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE IN 1956. IT DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE INCREASED INTERACTION BETWEEN UNIVERSITY SCIENTISTS AND ANALYSTS OF THE OFFICE OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF. 5 OF NATION'S LEADING UNIVERSITIES, CAL TECH, CASE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MIT, STANFORD U AND TULANE U LATER WERE JOINED BY COLOMBIA, U OF MICHIGAN, PENNSYLVANIA STATE U, U OF CHICAGO AND THE U OF CALIFORNIA. THEY TO ADVISE RE WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT. BISSEL, R. (1996). REFLECTIONS OF A COLD WARRIOR 204-27 COLOMBIA, 87 NED/CIPE FUNDING FUNDACION PARA EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL (FDI). NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 87 51 COLOMBIA, 88 NED/CIPE FUNDING COLOMBIAN INSTITUTE FOR SUPERIOR STUDIES IN ADMINISTRATION TO EXPAND ITS CENTER FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT TO REACH A BROADER AUDIENCE OF STUDENT, TEACHERS AND COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 88 35 COLOMBIA, 91 NED/IRI, FOR FUNDACION SIMON BOLIVAR (FSB) CONDUCT RESEARCH. $45,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 91 58 COLOMBIA, 91 NED, RESOURCES FOR ACTION, SUPPORT CONCIENCIA FOR DEMOCRATIC CIVIC EDUCATION. $70,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 91 58 COLOMBIA, 94 GRANT VIA S.O.S. COLOMBIA CORPORATION/VIVA LA CIUDADANIA FOR LEGISLATIVE REFORM. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 94 82 USSR USSR, OGORDNIK, ALEKSANDR DMITREVICH, 74 SOVIET MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS EMPLOYEE WHO MADE CONTACT WITH CIA IN BOGATA, COLOMBIA. FOR MONTHS PASSED DOCS TO CIA. DEFECTED IN LATE 77 RICHELSON, J.T. (1985). THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY 180 WATCH LIST COLOMBIA. LUIS MORENO, AN EMPLOYEE OF STATE DEPT, BRAGGED HE HELPED COLOMBIAN ARMY CREATE A DATABASE OF SUBVERSIVES, TERRORISTS AND DRUG DEALERS." HAITI INFO 4/23/94 3,4 WEAPONRY ISRAEL, CENTRAL AMERICA, 80-86 HARARI PART OF ISRAELI ARMS NET IN GUATEMALA AND EL SALVADOR IN 80-83 AND TO CONTRAS IN 83-85. WITH HUNDREDS TONS ARMS FROM PLO STOCKS SHIPPED AT REQUEST OF DCI CASEY. HARARI PART OF NORIEGA BUSINESS. MOVED COCAINE FROM COLOMBIA TO PANAMA. THERE AN "ARMS SUPERMARKET," A SERIES OF WAREHOUSES IN HONDURAN CITY OF SAN PEDRO SULA. NEWSWEEK REPORTED SUPERMARKET'S PARTNERSHIP AS A COLLECTION OF LONGTIME CIA ARMS MERCHANTS, AGENTS OF MOSSAD'S SECRET SERVICE, AND INTEL ARM OF HONDURAN MILITARY. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 254-55 ISRAEL, LATIN AMERICA, 85-87 COLOMBIAN OFFICERS ARE AMONG MORE THAN 100 FOREIGN MILITARY MEN TAKING ADVANCED COURSES IN CI AT NEW ISRAELI TRG FACILITY ON OUTSKIRTS TEL AVIV AFTER CLOSING OF U.S. MILITARY TRAINING FACILITY IN PANAMA IN 86. A SHIP CARRYING 200 TONS ISRAELI WEAPONS DOCKED AT CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA. ISRAELI FOREIGN AFFAIRS 3 LATIN AMERICA, COLOMBIA, NICARAGUA, 90 DOZENS WEAPONS GIVEN BY U.S. TO CONTRAS ACQUIRED BY COLOMBIA DRUG DEALERS. NOW AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS AND CRIMINAL ORGS IN ITALY AND SPAIN TO PROVIDE AND DISTRIBUTE COCAINE IN EUROPE. CONTRAS APPEAR TO SELL WEAPONS IN C.A. MARKET. M67 FRAGMENTATION GRENADES AND USSR MADE AK-47 ASSAULT RIFLES AND RPG GRENADE LAUNCHERS. CONTRAS WHEN DEMOBILIZED TURNED IN ONLY HALF OF WEAPONS. HALF OF REDEYE PORTABLE ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILES MISSING. WASHINGTON POST 9/18/90 A16 WEAPONRY, PLANTED COLOMBIA, 60 CIA PLANTED STORIES CASTRO SENT ARMS GUERRILLAS. AGEE, P. (1975). INSIDE THE COMPANY: CIA DIARY 147 GENERAL THEME IS DANGER OF PENETRATION INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM WESTERN HEMISPHERE THROUGH CUBA. SUBSTANTIATED STORIES PLANTED BY CIA OF CUBAN ARMS SHIPMENTS GUERRILLAS COLOMBIA AND TO ECUADOR. AGEE, P. (1975). INSIDE THE COMPANY: CIA DIARY P147 WOMEN COLOMBIA, 94 GRANT VIA RESOURCES FOR ACTION FOR FUNDACION CONCIENCA. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 94 82 LATIN AMERICA, NED, 95 NED SUPPORTED PROJECTS FOCUSING ON WOMEN. ASSISTANCE WAS PROVIDED TO THE CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND PROMOTION OF WOMEN IN NICARAGUA, (THROUGH RESOURCES FOR ACTION) CONCIENCIA IN NICARAGUA AND FUNDACION CONCIENCIA IN COLOMBIA, WOMEN FOR DEMOCRACY, AND WOMEN IN THE STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY IN MEXICO. THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF FUNDACION CONCIENCIA COLOMBIA HAS DESCRIBED NED'S SUPPORT OF CIVIC GROUPS IN THE COUNTRY AS "CRUCIAL TO THE SUCCESS OF OUR MEDIUM AND LONG-TERM PROJECTS... FOSTERING DEMOCRATIC AWARENESS AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE SEARCH FOR PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE OF THE COLOMBIAN PEOPLE." NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORT 1995