Powerwatch Evidence - Scientific Papers

When it comes to EMF issues, one of the most frequently heard phrases is "There is no evidence to support EMFs having health effects" or simply "There is no conclusive evidence".

We believe that this is completely wrong; there is an enormous body of evidence out there, but public and even academic awareness seems to be very poor. Therefore, we will be presenting a list of papers and ORs which either show serious effects or are considered important papers on the subject which we have collected over the years. This page will be regularly added to.

- This study has offered important insights or findings but is neither a positive or null finding

Mobile and Cordless Phones

P Sadetzki S et al, (December 2007) Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Benign and Malignant Parotid Gland Tumors A Nationwide Case-Control Study, Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec 6 [Epub ahead of print] [View Comments and Links]

P Nittby H et al, (November 2007) Cognitive impairment in rats after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation, Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Nov 28 [Epub ahead of print] [View Comments and Links]

P Roux D et al, (November 2007) High frequency (900 MHz) low amplitude (5 V m(-1)) electromagnetic field: a genuine environmental stimulus that affects transcription, translation, calcium and energy charge in tomato., Planta. 2007 Nov 20 [Epub ahead of print] [View Comments and Links]

P Arnetz BB et al, (2007) The Effects of 884 MHz GSM Wireless Communication Signals on Self-reported Symptom and Sleep (EEG)- An Experimental Provocation Study, PIERS Online Vol. 3 No. 7 2007 pp: 1148-1150 [View Comments and Links]

P Hardell L et al, (September 2007) Long-term use of cellular phones and brain tumours - increased risk associated with use for > 10 years, Occup Environ Med. 2007 Sep;64(9):626-32 [View Comments and Links]

N Oberto G et al, (September 2007) Carcinogenicity study of 217 Hz pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields in Pim1 transgenic mice, Radiat Res. 2007 Sep;168(3):316-26 [View Comments and Links]

P Friedman J et al, (August 2007) Mechanism of a short-term ERK activation by electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequency, Biochem J. 2007 Aug 1;405(3):559-68 [View Comments and Links]

P Hung CS et al, (June 2007) Mobile phone 'talk-mode' signal delays EEG-determined sleep onset, Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jun 21;421(1):82-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Hoyto A et al, (June 2007) Ornithine decarboxylase activity is affected in primary astrocytes but not in secondary cell lines exposed to 872 MHz RF radiation, Int J Radiat Biol. 2007 Jun;83(6):367-74 [View Comments and Links]

P Agarwal A et al, (May 2007) Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic, Fertil Steril. 2007 May 3; [Epub ahead of print] [View Comments and Links]

N Fritzer G et al, (May 2007) Effects of short- and long-term pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on night sleep and cognitive functions in healthy subject, Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 May;28(4):316-25 [View Comments and Links]

N Haarala C et al, (May 2007) Pulsed and continuous wave mobile phone exposure over left versus right hemisphere: Effects on human cognitive function, Bioelectromagnetics 2007 May;28(4):289-95 [View Comments and Links]

P Krause CM et al, (May 2007) Effects of pulsed and continuous wave 902 MHz mobile phone exposure on brain oscillatory activity during cognitive processing, Bioelectromagnetics 2007 May;28(4):296-308 [View Comments and Links]

N Mortazavi SM et al, (May 2007) Prevalence of subjective poor health symptoms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields among university students, Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 May;28(4):326-30 [View Comments and Links]

N Oftedal G et al, (May 2007) Mobile phone headache: a double blind, sham-controlled provocation study, Cephalalgia. 2007 May;27(5):447-55 [View Comments and Links]

N Hardell L et al, (April 2007) Use of cellular and cordless telephones and risk of testicular cancer, Int J Androl. 2007 Apr;30(2):115-22 [View Comments and Links]

P Panagopoulos D et al, (January 2007) Cell death induced by GSM 900-MHz and DCS 1800-MHz mobile telephony radiation, Mutat Res. 2007 Jan 10;626(1-2):69-78 [View Comments and Links]

N Ribeiroa E et al, (January 2007) Effects of subchronic exposure to radio frquency from a conventional cellular telephone on testicular function in adult rats, J Urol 177(1): 395-399 [View Comments and Links]

N Schuz J et al, (December 2006) Cellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish cohort, J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Dec 6;98(23):1707-13 [View Comments and Links]

P Ferreira A et al, (December 2006) Ultra high frequency-electromagnetic field irradiation during pregnancy leads to an increase in erythrocytes micronuclei incidence in rat offspring, Life Sci 2006 Dec 3;80(1):43-50 [View Comments and Links]

P Oral B et al, (November 2006) Endometrial apoptosis induced by a 900-MHz mobile phone: preventive effects of vitamins E and C, Adv Ther. 2006 Nov-Dec;23(6):957-73 [View Comments and Links]

P Hardell L et al, (October 2006) Tumour risk associated with use of cellular telephones or cordless desktop telephones, World J Surg Oncol 2006 Oct 11;4:74 [View Comments and Links]

P Erogul O et al, (October 2006) Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm motility: an in vitro study, Arch Med Res 37(7):840-3 [View Comments and Links]

N Lantow M et al, (September 2006) Comparative study of cell cycle kinetics and induction of apoptosis or necrosis after exposure of human mono mac 6 cells to radiofrequency radiation, Radiat Res. 2006 Sep;166(3):539-43 [View Comments and Links]

P Nylund R, Leszcynski D, (September 2006) Mobile phone radiation causes changes in gene and protein expression in human endothelial cell lines and the response seems to be genome- and proteome-dependent, Proteomics 2006 Sep;6(17):4769-80 [View Comments and Links]

P Remondini D et al, (September 2006) Gene expression changes in human cells after exposure to mobile phone microwaves, Proteomics 2006 Sep;6(17):4745-54 [View Comments and Links]

P Aalto S et al, (July 2006) Mobile phone affects cerebral blood flow in humans, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2006 Jul;26(7):885-90 [View Comments and Links]

P Kuhn S, Kuster N, (July 2006) Development of Procedures for the EMF Exposure Evaluation of Wireless Devices in Home and Office Environments Supplement 1: Close-to-Body and Base Station Wireless Data Communication Devices, Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, ETH Zurich, Switzerland [View Comments and Links]

N Schuez J et al, (July 2006) Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted from base stations of DECT cordless phones and the risk of glioma and meningioma (Interphone Study Group, Germany), Radiat Res 2006 Jul;166(1 Pt 1):116-9 [View Comments and Links]

N Schuz J et al, (July 2006) Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted from base stations of DECT cordless phones and the risk of glioma and meningioma (Interphone Study Group, Germany), Radiat Res. 2006 Jul;166(1 Pt 1):116-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Koylu H et al, (June 2006) Melatonin modulates 900 Mhz microwave-induced lipid peroxidation changes in rat brain, Toxicol Ind Health 2006 Jun;22(5):211-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Krause CM et al, (June 2006) Mobile phone effects on children's event-related oscillatory EEG during an auditory memory task, Int J Radiat Biol 2006 Jun;82(6):443-50 [View Comments and Links]

P Oktay MF, Dasdag S, (2006) Effects of intensive and moderate cellular phone use on hearing function, Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(1):13-21 [View Comments and Links]

N Hepworth S et al, (April 2006) Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in adults: case-control study, 2006 Apr 15;332(7546):883-7 [View Comments and Links]

- Hepworth SJ et al, (April 2006) Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in adults: case-control study, BMJ. 2006 Apr 15;332(7546):883-7 [View Comments and Links]

N Rubin GJ et al, (April 2006) Are some people sensitive to mobile phone signals? Within participants double blind randomised provocation study, BMJ. 2006 Apr 15;332(7546):886-91 [View Comments and Links]

P Papageorgiou CC et al, (April 2006) Acute mobile phone effects on pre-attentive operation, Neurosci Lett. 2006 Apr 10-17;397(1-2):99-103 [View Comments and Links]

- Vrijheid M et al, (April 2006) Validation of short term recall of mobile phone use for the Interphone study, Occup Environ Med. 2006 Apr;63(4):237-43 [View Comments and Links]

N Wilen J et al, (April 2006) Psychophysiological tests and provocation of subjects with mobile phone related symptoms, Bioelectromagnetics 2006 Apr;27(3):204-14 [View Comments and Links]

- Schuz J et al, (March 2006) Cellular phones, cordless phones, and the risks of glioma and meningioma (Interphone Study Group, Germany), Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Mar 15;163(6):512-20 [View Comments and Links]

P Esen F, Esen H, (March 2006) Effect of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phones on the latency of evoked electrodermal activity, Int J Neurosci. 2006 Mar;116(3):321-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Nikolova T et al, (October 2005) Electromagnetic fields affect transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes in embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells, FASEB J. 2005 Oct;19(12):1686-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Fejes I et al, (September 2005) Is there a relationship between cell phone use and semen quality?, Arch Androl. 2005 Sep-Oct;51(5):385-93 [View Comments and Links]

P Wang Q et al, (September 2005) Effect of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on the expression of GABA receptor of cerebral cortical neurons in postnatal rats, Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005 Sep;34(5):546-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Ozguner F et al, (August 2005) Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rat, Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Aug;276(1-2):31-7 [View Comments and Links]

P Preece AW et al, (2005) Effect of 902 MHz mobile phone transmission on cognitive function in children, Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 7 S138-43 [View Comments and Links]

- Fernandez C et al, (July 2005) Comparison of Electromagnetic Absorption Characteristics in the Head of Adult and a Children for 1800 MHz Mobile Phones, Conference Proceeding from the 2005 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwave and Optoelectronics [View Comments and Links]

P Oktem F et al, (July 2005) Oxidative damage in the kidney induced by 900-MHz-emitted mobile phone: protection by melatonin, Arch Med Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):350-5 [View Comments and Links]

P Belyaev IY et al, (April 2005) 915 MHz microwaves and 50 Hz magnetic field affect chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci in human lymphocytes from hypersensitive and healthy persons, Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Apr;26(3):173-84 [View Comments and Links]

P Wang Q et al, (March 2005) Effect of 900Mhz electromagnetic fields on energy metabolism in postnatal rat cerebral cortical neurons, Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005 Mar;34(2):155-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Huber R et al, (February 2005) Exposure to pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields affects regional cerebral blood flow, Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Feb;21(4):1000-6 [View Comments and Links]

N Lonn S et al, (November 2004) Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma, Epidemiology 2004 Nov;15(6):653-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Lonn S et al, (November 2004) Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma, Epidemiology. 2004 Nov;15(6):653-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Lai H, (October 2004) Interaction of microwaves and a temporally incoherent magnetic field on spatial learning in the rat, Physiol Behav. 2004 Oct 15;82(5):785-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Panagopoulos D et al, (2004) Effect of GSM 900-MHz Mobile Phone radiation on the reproductive capacity of Drosophila melanogaster, Electromagn Biol Med 23(1): 29-43 [View Comments and Links]

P Ozguner F et al, (September 2004) Prevention of mobile phone induced skin tissue changes by melatonin in rat: an experimental study, Toxicol Ind Health. 2004 Sep;20(6-10):133-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Wang Q et al, (July 2004) Effect of 900MHz electromagnetic fields on energy metabolism of cerebral cortical neurons in postnatal rat, Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2004 Jul;33(4):428-9, 432 [View Comments and Links]

P Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA, (June 2004) Association of mobile phone radiation with fatigue, headache, dizziness, tension and sleep disturbance in Saudi population, Saudi Med J. 2004 Jun;25(6):732-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Czyz J et al, (May 2004) High frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM signals) affect gene expression levels in tumor suppressor p53-deficient embryonic stem cells, Bioelectromagnetics. 2004 May;25(4):296-307 [View Comments and Links]

P Sarimov R et al, (2004) Nonthermal GSM Microwaves Affect Chromatin Conformation in Human Lymphocytes Similar to Heat Shock, IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 2004; 32 (4): 1600 - 1608 [View Comments and Links]

N Johansen C, (2004) Electromagnetic fields and health effects--epidemiologic studies of cancer, diseases of the central nervous system and arrhythmia-related heart disease, Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004;30 Suppl 1:1-30 [View Comments and Links]

P D'Costa H et al, (December 2003) Human brain wave activity during exposure to radiofrequency field emissions from mobile phones, Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2003 Dec;26(4):162-7 [View Comments and Links]

P Grigor'ev IuG, (September 2003) Biological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic field on chick embryo (risk assessment using the mortality rate), Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2003 Sep-Oct;43(5):541-3 [View Comments and Links]

P Kramarenko AV, Tan U, (July 2003) Effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields on human EEG: a brain mapping study, Int J Neurosci. 2003 Jul;113(7):1007-19 [View Comments and Links]

P Salford L et al, (June 2003) Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones, Environ Health Perspect 2003 Jun;111(7):881-3; discussion A408 [View Comments and Links]

P de Pomerai DI et al, (May 2003) Microwave radiation can alter protein conformation without bulk heating, FEBS Lett. 2003 May 22;543(1-3):93-7 [View Comments and Links]

P Huber R et al, (May 2003) Radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in humans: Estimation of SAR distribution in the brain, effects on sleep and heart rate, Bioelectromagnetics. 2003 May;24(4):262-76 [View Comments and Links]

P Hardell L et al, (March 2003) Vestibular schwannoma, tinnitus and cellular telephones, Neuroepidemiology 2003 Mar-Apr;22(2):124-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Hocking B, Westerman R, (March 2003) Neurological effects of radiofrequency radiation, Occup Med 2003 Mar;53(2):123-7 [View Comments and Links]

- Strayer D et al, (March 2003) Cell phone-induced failures of visual attention during simulated driving, J Exp Psychol Appl Mar;9(1):23-32 [View Comments and Links]

P Burch JB et al, (December 2002) Melatonin metabolite excretion among cellular telephone users, J Sleep Res 2002 Dec;11(4):289-95 [View Comments and Links]

P Huber R et al, (December 2002) Electromagnetic fields, such as those from mobile phones, alter regional cerebral blood flow and sleep and waking EEG, J Sleep Res 2002 Dec;11(4):289-95 [View Comments and Links]

P Beason R, Semm P, (November 2002) Responses of neurons to an amplitude modulated microwave stimulus, Neurosci Lett 2002 Nov 29;333(3):175-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Burch JB et al, (November 2002) Melatonin metabolite excretion among cellular telephone users, Int J Radiat Biol. 2002 Nov;78(11):1029-36 [View Comments and Links]

P Hocking B, Westerman R, (October 2002) Neurological changes induced by a mobile phone, Occup Med (Lond). 2002 Oct;52(7):413-5 [View Comments and Links]

P Leszczynski D et al, (May 2002) Non-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress pathway by mobile phone radiation in human endothelial cells: molecular mechanism for cancer- and blood-brain barrier-related effects, Differentiation. 2002 May;70(2-3):120-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A, (January 2002) The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention, Neuroreport. 2002 Jan 21;13(1):119-21 [View Comments and Links]

P D'Ambrosio G et al, (January 2002) Cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes following GMSK phase modulated microwave exposure, Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Jan;23(1):7-13 [View Comments and Links]

- Hocking B, Westerman R, (September 2001) Neurological abnormalities associated with CDMA exposure, Occup Med (Lond). 2001 Sep;51(6):410-3 [View Comments and Links]

P Tattersall JE et al, (June 2001) Effects of low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on electrical activity in rat hippocampal slices, Brain Res. 2001 Jun 15;904(1):43-53 [View Comments and Links]

P Krause CM et al, (December 2000) Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phones on the electroencephalogram during a visual working memory task, Int J Radiat Biol. 2000 Dec;76(12):1659-67 [View Comments and Links]

P Huber R et al, (October 2000) Exposure to pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field during waking affects human sleep EEG, Neuroreport. 2000 Oct 20;11(15):3321-5 [View Comments and Links]

P Koivisto M et al, (June 2000) The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory, Neuroreport. 2000 Jun 5;11(8):1641-3 [View Comments and Links]

P Cao Z et al, (March 2000) Effects of electromagnetic radiation from handsets of cellular telephone on neurobehavioral function, Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2000 Mar 30;29(2):102-3 [View Comments and Links]

P Krause CM et al, (March 2000) Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on the EEG during a memory task, Neuroreport. 2000 Mar 20;11(4):761-4 [View Comments and Links]

P Koivisto M et al, (February 2000) Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans, Neuroreport. 2000 Feb 7;11(2):413-5 [View Comments and Links]

P Wang B, Lai H, (January 2000) Acute exposure to pulsed 2450-MHz microwaves affects water-maze performance of rats, Bioelectromagnetics. 2000 Jan;21(1):52-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Borbely AA et al, (November 1999) Pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field affects human sleep and sleep electroencephalogram, Neurosci Lett. 1999 Nov 19;275(3):207-10 [View Comments and Links]

P Velizarov S et al, (February 1999) The effects of radiofrequency fields on cell proliferation are non-thermal, Bioelectrochem Bioenerg. 1999 Feb;48(1):177-80 [View Comments and Links]

P Eulitz C et al, (October 1998) Mobile phones modulate response patterns of human brain activity, Neuroreport. 1998 Oct 5;9(14):3229-32 [View Comments and Links]

P Freude G et al, (1998) Effects of microwaves emitted by cellular phones on human slow brain potentials, Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19(6):384-7 [View Comments and Links]

P Donnellan M et al, (July 1997) Effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation at 835 MHz on growth, morphology and secretory characteristics of a mast cell analogue, RBL-2H3, Cell Biol Int. 1997 Jul;21(7):427-39 [View Comments and Links]

P French PW et al, (June 1997) Electromagnetic radiation at 835 MHz changes the morphology and inhibits proliferation of a human astrocytoma cell line, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, June 1997;43(1):13-18 [View Comments and Links]

- Jauchem JR, (1997) Exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation: cardiovascular effects in humans, Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70(1):9-21 [View Comments and Links]

P Singh B, Bate LA, (November 1996) Responses of pulmonary intravascular macrophages to 915-MHz microwave radiation: ultrastructural and cytochemical study, Anat Rec. 1996 Nov;246(3):343-55 [View Comments and Links]

P Dobson J, St. Pierre T, (October 1996) Application of the ferromagnetic transduction model to D.C. and pulsed magnetic fields: effects on epileptogenic tissue and implications for cellular phone safety, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996 Oct 23;227(3):718-23 [View Comments and Links]

P Szmigielski S, (February 1996) Cancer morbidity in subjects occupationally exposed to high frequency (radiofrequency and microwave) electromagnetic radiation, Sci Total Environ. 1996 Feb 2;180(1):9-17 [View Comments and Links]

P Lai H et al, (1994) Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat, Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(2):95-104 [View Comments and Links]

P Ouellet-Hellstrom R, Stewart WF, (November 1993) Miscarriages among female physical therapists who report using radio- and microwave-frequency electromagnetic radiation, Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Nov 15;138(10):775-86 [View Comments and Links]

P Lai H et al, (May 1989) Low-level microwave irradiation and central cholinergic systems, Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1989 May;33(1):131-8 [View Comments and Links]

- Szyjkowska A et al, (October 2005) Subjective symptoms related to mobile phone use--a pilot study, Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005 Oct;19(112):529-32 [View Comments and Links]

Mobile Phone Masts

P Everaert J, Bauwens D, (2007) A possible effect of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations on the number of breeding house sparrows (Passer domesticus), Electromagn Biol Med. 2007;26(1):63-72 [View Comments and Links]

P Preece AW et al, (June 2007) Health response of two communities to military antennae in Cyprus, Occup Environ Med. 2007 Jun;64(6):402-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Abdel-Rassoul G et al, (March 2007) Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations, Neurotoxicology. 2007 Mar;28(2):434-40 [View Comments and Links]

P Yurekli A et al, (2006) GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats, Electromagn Biol Med 25(3):177-88 [View Comments and Links]

P Hutter HP et al, (May 2006) Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations, Occup Environ Med. 2006 May;63(5):307-13 [View Comments and Links]

P Balmori A, (October 2005) Possible Effects of Electromagnetic Fields from Phone Masts on a Population of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), Electromagn Biol Med 24: 109-119, 2005 [View Comments and Links]

P REFLEX Report, (December 2004) Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards From Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Using Sensitive in vitro Methods, A project funded by the European Union under the programme "Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources" [View Comments and Links]

P Eger H et al, (November 2004) The Influence of Being Physically Near to a Cell Phone Transmission Mast on the Incidence of Cancer, Umwelt Medizin Gesellschaft 17,4 2004 [View Comments and Links]

P Bortkiewicz A et al, (2004) Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations: review, Med Pr. 2004;55(4):345-51 [View Comments and Links]

P Oberfeld G et al, (October 2004) The Microwave Syndrome - Further Aspects of a Spanish Study, Conference Proceedings [View Comments and Links]

P Wolf R, Wolf D, (April 2004) Increased incidence of cancer near a cell-phone transmitter station, International Journal of Cancer Prevention, 1(2) April 2004 [View Comments and Links]

- Roosli M et al, (February 2004) Symptoms of ill health ascribed to electromagnetic field exposure--a questionnaire survey, Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2004 Feb;207(2):141-50 [View Comments and Links]

P Navarro EA et al, (December 2003) The Microwave Syndrome: A Preliminary Study in Spain, Electromagn Biol Med 22(2-3): 161-169 [View Comments and Links]

P Santini R et al, (September 2003) Symptoms experienced by people in vicinity of base stations: II/ Incidences of age, duration of exposure, location of subjects in relation to the antennas and other electromagnetic factors, Pathol Biol (Paris). 2003 Sep;51(7):412-5 [View Comments and Links]

P Santini R et al, (July 2002) Investigation on the health of people living near mobile telephone relay stations: I/Incidence according to distance and sex, Pathol Biol (Paris) 2002 Jul;50(6):369-73 [View Comments and Links]

Radio Transmitters

P Ha M et al, (August 2007) Radio-frequency radiation exposure from AM radio transmitters and childhood leukemia and brain cancer, Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 1;166(3):270-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Park SK et al, (August 2004) Ecological study on residences in the vicinity of AM radio broadcasting towers and cancer death: preliminary observations in Korea, Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2004 Aug;77(6):387-94 [View Comments and Links]

P Hallberg O, Johansson O, (July 2004) Malignant melanoma of the skin - not a sunshine story!, Med Sci Monit. 2004 Jul;10(7):CR336-40 [View Comments and Links]

P Ha M et al, (December 2003) Incidence of cancer in the vicinity of Korean AM radio transmitters, Arch Environ Health. 2003 Dec;58(12):756-62 [View Comments and Links]

P Schilling CJ, (April 1997) Effects of acute exposure to ultrahigh radiofrequency radiation on three antenna engineers, Occup Environ Med. 1997 Apr;54(4):281-4 [View Comments and Links]

P Hocking B et al, (December 1996) Cancer incidence and mortality and proximity to TV towers, Med J Aust. 1996 Dec 2-16;165(11-12):601-5 [View Comments and Links]

P Kolodynski AA, Kolodynska VV, (February 1996) Motor and psychological functions of school children living in the area of the Skrunda Radio Location Station in Latvia, Sci Total Environ. 1996 Feb 2;180(1):87-93 [View Comments and Links]

Powerlines and Substations, and other Powerfrequency EMF exposure

P Lowenthal RM et al, (September 2007) Residential exposure to electric power transmission lines and risk of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders: a case-control study, Intern Med J. 2007 Sep;37(9):614-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Pearce MS et al, (September 2007) Paternal occupational exposure to electro-magnetic fields as a risk factor for cancer in children and young adults: a case-control study from the North of England, Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Sep;49(3):280-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Einstein AJ et al, (July 2007) Estimating risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography, JAMA. 2007 Jul 18;298(3):317-23 [View Comments and Links]

P Budi A et al, (May 2007) Effect of frequency on insulin response to electric field stress, J Phys Chem B. 2007 May 24;111(20):5748-56 [View Comments and Links]

P SAGE, (April 2007) SAGE first interim assessment: Power Lines and Property, Wiring in Homes, and Electrical Equipment in Homes, [View Comments and Links]

- Maslanyj MP et al, (March 2007) Investigation of the sources of residential power frequency magnetic field exposure in the UK Childhood Cancer Study, J Radiol Prot. 2007 Mar;27(1):41-58 [View Comments and Links]

- Ravindra T et al, (December 2006) Melatonin in pathogenesis and therapy of cancer, Indian J Med Sci. 2006 Dec;60(12):523-35 [View Comments and Links]

- Havas M, (2006) Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: biological effects of dirty electricity with emphasis on diabetes and multiple sclerosis, Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(4):259-68 [View Comments and Links]

P Kheifets L et al, (October 2006) Public Health Impact of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, Environ Health Perspect 114:1532-1537 [View Comments and Links]

- Kheifets L et al, (October 2006) Childhood leukemia, electric and magnetic fields, and temporal trends, Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Oct;27(7):545-52 [View Comments and Links]

P Rajkovic V et al, (September 2006) Light and electron microscopic study of the thyroid gland in rats exposed to power-frequency electromagnetic fields, J Exp Biol. 2006 Sep;209(Pt 17):3322-8 [View Comments and Links]

- Swanson J et al, (September 2006) Power-frequency electric and magnetic fields in the light of Draper et al. 2005, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Sep;1076:318-30 [View Comments and Links]

P Cao YN et al, (August 2006) Effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on reproduction of female mice and development of offsprings, Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2006 Aug;24(8):468-70 [View Comments and Links]

P Kabuto M et al, (August 2006) Childhood leukemia and magnetic fields in Japan: a case-control study of childhood leukemia and residential power-frequency magnetic fields in Japan, Int J Cancer. 2006 Aug 1;119(3):643-50 [View Comments and Links]

P Espinosa JM et al, (July 2006) Exposure to AC and DC magnetic fields induces changes in 5-HT1B receptor binding parameters in rat brain membranes, Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Jul;27(5):414-22 [View Comments and Links]

P Juutilainen J, Kumlin T, (July 2006) Occupational magnetic field exposure and melatonin: interaction with light-at-night, Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Jul;27(5):423-6 [View Comments and Links]

- Blackman CF, (2006) Can EMF exposure during development leave an imprint later in life?, Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(4):217-25 [View Comments and Links]

P Fadel RA et al, (June 2006) Growth assessment of children exposed to low frequency electromagnetic fields at the Abu Sultan area in Ismailia (Egypt), Anthropol Anz. 2006 Jun;64(2):211-26 [View Comments and Links]

N Feychting M, Forssen U, (May 2006) Electromagnetic fields and female breast cancer, Cancer Causes Control. 2006 May;17(4):553-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Altpeter ES et al, (February 2006) Effect of short-wave (6-22 MHz) magnetic fields on sleep quality and melatonin cycle in humans: the Schwarzenburg shut-down study, Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Feb;27(2):142-50 [View Comments and Links]

P Bediz CS et al, (February 2006) Zinc supplementation ameliorates electromagnetic field-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain, Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006 Feb;208(2):133-40 [View Comments and Links]

- Elwood JM, (February 2006) Childhood leukemia and residential magnetic fields: are pooled analyses more valid than the original studies?, Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Feb;27(2):112-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Juutilainen J et al, (January 2006) Do extremely low frequency magnetic fields enhance the effects of environmental carcinogens? A meta-analysis of experimental studies, Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Jan;82(1):1-12 [View Comments and Links]

P Budi A et al, (December 2005) Electric field effects on insulin chain-B conformation, J Phys Chem B. 2005 Dec 1;109(47):22641-8 [View Comments and Links]

P Li L et al, (December 2005) Pulsed electric field exposure of insulin induces anti-proliferative effects on human hepatocytes, Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Dec;26(8):639-47 [View Comments and Links]

P Girgert R et al, (November 2005) Induction of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells by ELF electromagnetic fields, Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Nov 4;336(4):1144-9 [View Comments and Links]

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P Tomenius L, (1986) 50-Hz electromagnetic environment and the incidence of childhood tumors in Stockholm County, Bioelectromagnetics. 1986;7(2):191-207 [View Comments and Links]

- Lawrence AF, Adey WR, (1982) Nonlinear wave mechanisms in interactions between excitable tissue and electromagnetic fields, Neurol Res. 1982;4(1-2):115-53 [View Comments and Links]

- Tamarkin L et al, (May 1982) Decreased nocturnal plasma melatonin peak in patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, Science. 1982 May 28;216(4549):1003-5 [View Comments and Links]

- Tamarkin L et al, (November 1981) Melatonin inhibition and pinealectomy enhancement of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in the rat, Cancer Res. 1981 Nov;41(11 Pt 1):4432-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Wertheimer N, Leeper E, (March 1979) Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer, Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Mar;109(3):273-84 [View Comments and Links]

P Reichmanis M et al, (1979) Relation between suicide and the electromagnetic field of overhead power lines, Physiol Chem Phys. 1979;11(5):395-403 [View Comments and Links]

Wi-Fi

- Kuhn S et al, (August 2007) Assessment Methods for Demonstrating Compliance With Safety Limits of Wireless Devices Used in Home and Office Environments, Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2007 August;49(3):519-525 [View Comments and Links]

- Foster KR, (March 2007) Radiofrequency exposure from wireless LANs utilizing Wi-Fi technology, Health Phys. 2007 Mar;92(3):280-9 [View Comments and Links]

Electrical Sensitivity

N Kwon MS et al, (November 2007) Perception of the electromagnetic field emitted by a mobile phone, Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Nov 20;29(2):154-159 [View Comments and Links]

N Eltiti S et al, (November 2007) Does short-term exposure to mobile phone base station signals increase symptoms in individuals who report sensitivity to electromagnetic fields? A double-blind randomized provocation study., Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Nov;115(11):1603-8 [View Comments and Links]

N Oftedal G et al, (May 2007) Mobile phone headache: a double blind, sham-controlled provocation study, Cephalalgia. 2007 May;27(5):447-55 [View Comments and Links]

- Schrottner J et al, (April 2007) Investigation of electric current perception thresholds of different EHS groups, Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Apr;28(3):208-13 [View Comments and Links]

P Abdel-Rassoul G et al, (March 2007) Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations, Neurotoxicology. 2007 Mar;28(2):434-40 [View Comments and Links]

P Landgrebe M et al, (March 2007) Altered cortical excitability in subjectively electrosensitive patients: results of a pilot study, J Psychosom Res. 2007 Mar;62(3):283-8 [View Comments and Links]

- Eltiti S et al, (February 2007) Development and evaluation of the electromagnetic hypersensitivity questionnaire, Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Feb;28(2):137-51 [View Comments and Links]

- Schreier N et al, (2006) The prevalence of symptoms attributed to electromagnetic field exposure: a cross-sectional representative survey in Switzerland, Soz Praventivmed. 2006;51(4):202-9 [View Comments and Links]

P Johansson O, (2006) Electrohypersensitivity: state-of-the-art of a functional impairment, Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(4):245-58 [View Comments and Links]

- Huss A, Roosli M, (October 2006) Consultations in primary care for symptoms attributed to electromagnetic fields--a survey among general practitioners, BMC Public Health. 2006 Oct 30;6:267 [View Comments and Links]

P Papageorgiou CC et al, (April 2006) Acute mobile phone effects on pre-attentive operation, Neurosci Lett. 2006 Apr 10-17;397(1-2):99-103 [View Comments and Links]

N Wilen J et al, (April 2006) Psychophysiological tests and provocation of subjects with mobile phone related symptoms, Bioelectromagnetics 2006 Apr;27(3):204-14 [View Comments and Links]

- Irvine N et al, (November 2005) Definition, Epidemiology and Management of Electrical Sensitivity, HPA-RPD-010 [View Comments and Links]

N Seitz H et al, (October 2005) Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) and subjective health complaints associated with electromagnetic fields of mobile phone communication--a literature review published between 2000 and 2004, Sci Total Environ. 2005 Oct 15;349(1-3):45-55 [View Comments and Links]

N Rubin GJ et al, (March 2005) Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: a systematic review of provocation studies, Psychosom Med. 2005 Mar-Apr;67(2):224-32 [View Comments and Links]

P Bortkiewicz A et al, (2004) Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations: review, Med Pr. 2004;55(4):345-51 [View Comments and Links]

P Oberfeld G et al, (October 2004) The Microwave Syndrome - Further Aspects of a Spanish Study, Conference Proceedings [View Comments and Links]

P Westerman R, Hocking B, (May 2004) Diseases of modern living: neurological changes associated with mobile phones and radiofrequency radiation in humans, Neurosci Lett. 2004 May 6;361(1-3):13-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Navarro EA et al, (December 2003) The Microwave Syndrome: A Preliminary Study in Spain, Electromagn Biol Med 22(2-3): 161-169 [View Comments and Links]

- Leitgeb N, Schrottner J, (September 2003) Electrosensibility and electromagnetic hypersensitivity, Bioelectromagnetics. 2003 Sep;24(6):387-94 [View Comments and Links]

P Hocking B, Westerman R, (October 2002) Neurological changes induced by a mobile phone, Occup Med (Lond). 2002 Oct;52(7):413-5 [View Comments and Links]

P Stenberg B et al, (October 2002) Medical and social prognosis for patients with perceived hypersensitivity to electricity and skin symptoms related to the use of visual display terminals, Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002 Oct;28(5):349-57 [View Comments and Links]

P Levallois P et al, (August 2002) Study of self-reported hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields in California, Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Aug;110 Suppl 4:619-23 [View Comments and Links]

- Levallois P, (August 2002) Hypersensitivity of human subjects to environmental electric and magnetic field exposure: a review of the literature, Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Aug;110 Suppl 4:613-8 [View Comments and Links]

- Hillert L et al, (February 2002) Prevalence of self-reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population-based questionnaire survey, Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002 Feb;28(1):33-41 [View Comments and Links]

N Hillert L et al, (March 2001) Environmental illness: fatigue and cholinesterase activity in patients reporting hypersensitivity to electricity, Environ Res. 2001 Mar;85(3):200-6 [View Comments and Links]

P Freude G et al, (January 2000) Microwaves emitted by cellular telephones affect human slow brain potentials, Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000 Jan;81(1-2):18-27 [View Comments and Links]

- Hillert L et al, (November 1999) Hypersensitivity to electricity: working definition and additional characterization of the syndrome, J Psychosom Res. 1999 Nov;47(5):429-38 [View Comments and Links]

- Bergdahl J et al, (October 1998) Odontologic survey of referred patients with symptoms allegedly caused by electricity or visual display units, Acta Odontol Scand. 1998 Oct;56(5):303-7 [View Comments and Links]

P Gangi S, Johansson O, (December 1997) Skin changes in "screen dermatitis" versus classical UV- and ionizing irradiation-related damage--similarities and differences, Exp Dermatol. 1997 Dec;6(6):283-91 [View Comments and Links]

P Sandstrom M et al, (January 1997) Neurophysiological effects of flickering light in patients with perceived electrical hypersensitivity, J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jan;39(1):15-22 [View Comments and Links]

P Johansson O et al, (October 1994) Skin changes in patients claiming to suffer from "screen dermatitis": a two-case open-field provocation study, Exp Dermatol. 1994 Oct;3(5):234-8 [View Comments and Links]

- Szyjkowska A et al, (October 2005) Subjective symptoms related to mobile phone use--a pilot study, Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005 Oct;19(112):529-32 [View Comments and Links]

EEG and Brain Responses