Here is my list of the 21 patris used in Ganesh puja. As Satish ji
mentioned there are variations not only in the sanskrit names of the
plants but also in the identification of the plants based on the
sanskrit names. However, all the plants are medicinally very
important.
1. Machi - Artemisia nilagirica, Asteraceae
2. Bhruhati - Solanum indicum, Solanaceae
3. Bilva - Aegle marmelos, Rutaceae
4. Durvayugma - Cyanodon dactylon, Poaceae
5. Dhatura - Datura metel/ D. stromonium, Solanaceae
6. Badari - Ziziphus mauritiana, Rhamnaceae
7. Apamarga - Achyranthes aspera, Amaranthaceae
8. Tulasi - Ocimum tenuiflorum, Lamiaceae
9. Vishnu kranta - Evolvulus alsinoides, Convolvulaceae
10. Dadima - Punica granatum, Punicaceae
11. Devadaru - Cedrus deodara, Pinaceae (Gymnosperm)
12. Maruvam /Marva - Origanum majorana/ O.vulgare, Lamiaceae
13. Sindhuvara - Vitex negundo, Verbenaceae
14 Jaji/Jati - Jasminum auriculatum, Oleaceae; some identify it as
Myristica fragrans (Jai), Myristicaceae
15. Shami - Prosopis cineraria, Mimosaceae
16. Ashwadha/ashvattha - Ficus religiosa, Moraceae
17. Arjuna - Terminalia arjuna, Combretaceae
18. Arka - Calotropis procera, Asclepiadaceae
19. Choota - Mangifera indica, Anacardiaceae
20. Karaveera - Nerium oleander/ Thevetia peruviana, Apocynaceae
21. Gandaki - Sterculia urens, Sterculiaceae
Four more names were added to the list in Bhavishya purana -
Bringaraja - Eclipta alba, Asteraceae
Malati/madhavilata - Hiptage benghalensis, Malpighiaceae
Ketaki - Pandanus oderatissimus, Pandanaceae and
Agasthya - Sesbania grandiflora, Papilionaceae
What puzzled me is the inclusion of a gymnosperm - devadaru (Cedrus)
in the list which is not easily available. But a search in the
internet yielded this information :
Forests full of Devadaru trees were the favorite abode or living place
of ancient Indian sages and their families who were devoted to Hindu
god Shiva. To please Lord Shiva, the sages used to perform very
difficult tapasya (meditation) in deodar forests. There is regular
mention of Darukavana, meaning a forest of deodars, as a sacred place
in the ancient Hindu epics and Shaivite texts.
Regards,
Chitralekha
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