BIOS graphics for MINIX part 2/4

[ma...@levels.unisa.edu.au]

#!/bin/sh
# This is part 02 of a multipart archive
# ============= grafx10/sysdoc.txt ==============
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fi
if test -f 'grafx10/sysdoc.txt' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
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else
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X University of South Australia
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X School of Mathematics and Computer Studies
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X Computing Project
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X GRAFX 1.0
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X A Graphics Device for MINIX
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X System Documentation
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X 14 February 1992
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X By David Gardiner
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X Supervisor: Bob Buckley
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X Table of Contents
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X 1. Overview of System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
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X 2. Overview Of All Programs/Modules . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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X 3. File Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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X 4. Screen Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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X 5. Current Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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X 6. Guide to Future Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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X 7. Known System Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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X 8. Project Development Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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X 9. Log of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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X Appendix A. Source Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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X Readers Note
X Throughout this document, words may be seen to be
X suffixed by and index surrounded by parentheses. eg plot(1G)
X This refers to a UNIX feature of that name, with the index
X referring to the section of the UNIX on-line manual under
X which the feature would be found.
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X UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T.
X MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft
X Corporation.
X IBM-PC is a registered trademark of International
X Business Machines Corporation.
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X 1. Overview of System
X
X This system involves the support of a graphics device for
X the MINIX operating system. The device (named /dev/grafx) can
X be opened in a similar way to other files and devices in a
X UNIX environment. You could even write to and read from the
X device (though this would be unusual), which would allow you
X to directly access the screen memory that the device is mapped
X onto. The main graphical qualities of the device are accessed
X through ioctl calls to the device.
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X The device was written to provide MINIX with the ability
X to execute and display programs which require some graphics
X output.
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X 2. Overview Of All Programs/Modules
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X Kernel Image
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X The main program that the system deals with is the
X operating system's kernel. This is done by adding to the
X contents of the memory device driver, to include code for
X handling graphics functions.
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X The graphics device driver is mapped into screen memory,
X in a similar way to the other memory device drivers. Added to
X this is the number of ioctl calls that may be made to the
X device, which perform specific functions on screen memory.
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X The original Minix 1.5 kernel is as follows:
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X $ size kernel
X [size(1) output of kernel file]
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X The Grafx kernel is as follows:
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X $ size kernel
X [size(1) output of grafx kernel]
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X This is an increase of xxxx bytes in the kernel size.
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X Plot Library
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X The graphics device is supported at a higher level by the
X implementation of a plot library. This library is compatible
X with the standard UNIX Plot library. It includes an additional
X command to change colours.
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X The plot library can work with user programs in a couple
X of ways, depending on which library variant is used.
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X The generic plot library (libplot.a) is linked with the
X user program, but does not directly produce graphics. Its
X output conforms to the plot(5) file format, which may then be
X piped to the plot(1G) filter program which then turns the
X codes into graphics output on the screen.
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X Alternatively, a plot library for a specific graphics
X screen type (eg. libplotibm.a) may be linked to the user
X program. This library directly generates the graphics, without
X the need for a filter program.
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X Memory.c
X It is in memory.c that the main Grafx device driver
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X resides. The driver code was put here, as in many ways it is a
X memory device driver - video memory. The majority of accesses
X to the device will be through ioctl calls to the device. In
X this respect, the driver could have been put elsewhere, or
X even in its own file, but it is easier to add to an existing
X device family than create a whole new task for a new device.
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X The driver, as far as Minix is concerned, is just another
X memory device (like /dev/ram etc). The use of ioctl(3) calls
X to this device were already in use for initalising the size of
X the ram disk at system boot time. The code which handled the
X ioctl(3) call was extended to detect if the call referred to
X the Grafx device. In this case, the execution of Grafx
X functions was possible. Otherwise, the ioctl handler behaves
X exactly as before.
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X The ioctl(3) function dispatcher is more similar to the
X ioctl(3) handler in tty.c - the terminal device driver. This
X was previously the only device driver that properly supported
X ioctl(3) access (the ioctl(3) call to the ram disk is meant
X for internal use).
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X Part of the implementation of the driver was the mapping
X of the video memory to a virtual device. Having the memory
X addresses correct is critical if the device is to work
X correctly.
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X The driver includes internal variables for the current
X colour, graphic state, and current point (graphic cursor).
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X Because a few of the ioctl(3) need to set pixels, a
X function was included which sets a single pixel.
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X The driver also includes a function to draw lines. This
X function is based on Bresenham's line-drawing algorithm. It is
X quite efficient, using integer addition.
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X Ioctl.c
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X Changes were necessary to the source code of the
X ioctl(3). It was found that the original ioctl(3) source code
X allowed for only 4 functions - those for the tty driver. This
X limiation is unacceptable for the Grafx driver, which requires
X at least 9 functions. It was also restricting the data
X structures that could be passed with the *args parameter of
X the ioctl(3) call. Ultimately, this function (and the tty
X driver) should be overhauled to eliminate this problem
X completely.
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X Because of time restrictions it was necessary to make
X only minor changes to the code. These changes allowed
X additional function calls, whilst retaining the old tty code.
X They also allow additional data to be passed to the device
X driver. This is not ideal, but it works.
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X 3. File Descriptions
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X Following is a list of files that the system deals with.
X Some of these files exist as context-diffs (cdiffs) that must
X be patched to the original source files to obtain the updated
X version.
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X Devices
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X grafx - Device that handles graphics (usually named
X /dev/grafx). This device needs to be created
X for the system to work correctly. This is done
X by the mknod(8) command.
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X Main Files
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X memory.c - Kernel sources for the ram disk and memory
X devices, and for our interest, the graphics
X device (video ram).
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X ggtty.h - Standard header file for programs using
X /dev/grafx ioctl calls.
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X C Library Files
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X ioctl.c - C library source for the ioctl(3) function
X call, replaces old ioctl.c in libc.a. This new
X source adds the ability to call ioctl(3) with
X functions in addition to those for the tty
X device. It does not change the use of the tty
X functions.
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X Plot Library Files
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X libplot.a - Plot library, linked to applications which
X can then pipe output to the plot.c executable.
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X libplotibm.a - C Plot library, linked to applications to
X directly drive the graphics device.
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X libplot.h - Standard header file for all library source
X files.
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X openpl.c - Library source for initialising graphics
X device.
X closepl.c - Library source for closing graphics device.
X colour.c - Library source for setting current colour.
X label.c - Library source for displaying text.
X line.c - Library source for drawing lines.
X point.c - Library source for setting a single pixel.
X move.c - Library source for moving the graphics
X cursor.
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X arc.c - Library source for drawing arcs.
X circle.c - Library source for drawing circles.
X cont.c - Library source for drawing line from last
X move.
X space.c - Library source for zooming rectangle to
X screen.
X erase.c - Library source for erasing screen.
X linemod.c - Library source for modifying line style.
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X plot.c C command source for plot(1G) filter.
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X File Formats
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X plot(5) - Produced by device-independant plot(3X)
X library. Read by plot(1G) filter.
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X The file is a continuous stream of commands that are
X interpreted by the plot(1G) filter. Each of these commands
X consists of an ASCII character code followed by a specific
X number of parameters (bytes) of binary information.
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X 4 bytes usually refers to 2 16-bit numbers. See
X associated source file from the libplot.a library for more
X detailed information.
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X Name Code Parameters
X Move m + 4 bytes of new current point
X Cont n + 4 bytes of end of line
X Point p + 4 bytes of point
X Line l + 4 bytes of start, + 4 bytes of end
X Label t + NEWLINE terminated string of characters
X Arc a + 4 bytes of centre, + 4 bytes of start, + 4
X bytes of end
X Circle c + 4 bytes of centre, + 2 bytes of radius
X Erase e None
X Linemod f + NEWLINE terminated string of command
X Space s + 4 bytes of lower left, + 4 bytes of upper
X right
X Colour k + 2 bytes of colour
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X Test Programs
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X lowtst.c - Tests the graphics device directly through
X ioctl(3) calls.
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X plottst.c - test graphics device and the plot package
X through the plot library.
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X 4. Screen Specifications
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X The system, with minor modifications should work on any
X type of video card that supports graphics on the IBM-PC. By
X default, the system uses standard VGA. All accesses to the
X screen are done through the BIOS, so the system is really only
X limited by what the BIOS supports.
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X The system has been tested successfully in CGA, EGA and
X VGA modes.
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X It should work any machine whose BIOS knows about the
X video graphics modes. This would preclude early Hercules video
X adaptors which didn't come with BIOS support.
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X The BIOS display interrupt 0x10 (16 dec) is used by the
X graphics device. The particular functions of this interrupt
X utilised are as follows (refer to source code listings for
X exact uses):
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X Function Description
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X 0x00 Set video mode - text or graphics (graphics
X resolution)
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X 0x02 Move text cursor to (x,y - text coordinates)
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X 0x0C Set pixel at (x,y - graphics coordinates)
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X 0x0E Write character, tty style
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X 5. Current Limitations
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X The system as it stands, depends on the BIOS to access
X the graphics mode of the video adaptor. Because of the fact
X that the BIOS may not be used in protected mode on the 80286
X (or above), MINIX must run in Real mode. This limits the
X amount of memory that MINIX can address.
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X The system is dependent on IBM-PC compatible hardware,
X and will not run on any other hardware platform. This is true
X for the kernel modifications only.
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X Certain functions in the plot library have not been
X implemented in full. Calling these functions will not result
X in a compilation error, rather nothing will happen when they
X are executed. The particular functions affected are circle,
X arc, space.
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X 6. Guide to Future Developments
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X 6.1 Overcoming System Limitations
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X BIOS Dependency
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X The removal of the dependence of the device driver on the
X BIOS would be a valuable improvement. It could improve
X performance, and allow MINIX to run in protected mode
X (assuming no other code also used the BIOS).
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X Basically, all of the functions that the BIOS performs
X would have to be done from within the kernel. This does have
X the effect of reducing the portability of the system.
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X Currently the BIOS is used to perform 4 functions (see
X page 6). These would have to be replaced with kernel functions
X that do the following (function names are suggested only):
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X int videomode(int m);
X - Set video adaptor display mode to (m).
X - Returns false if mode is invalid.
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X void setpixel(int x,y; int c);
X - Set pixel at (x,y) to colour (c).
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X void writetextat(int x,y; char *s);
X - Write text (*s) to screen at (x,y).
X - (x,y) could be text coordinates eg. (80x25), but
X graphics coordinates would allow text to be displayed on
X the screen with greater precision.
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X Compatibility With Multiple Hardware Platforms
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X This issue is solved by hardware-specific code being
X written for each platform. It may be that the kernel code
X could be re-written in a more general way, allowing the
X specific code to be limited to just a few functions.
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X This system was written for IBM-PC MINIX, so does not
X attempt to support other machines.
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X Completing the Plot Library
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X Although all the plot functions exist in the plot
X library, not all are fully implemented. Those that are only
X code stubs include:
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X arc.c
X circle.c
X space.c
X linemod.c
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X The implementations of these functions should conform to
X the specifications of the plot library.
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X 6.2 How to add to the System
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X Here are some hints and tips on extending and improving
X the package. This includes both the low-level /dev/grafx
X interface routines, and also the PLOT(3) library routines.
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X Implementing New Functions
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X Depending on how much a new function will be used, will
X probably decide where its code is put. As a rule, it is best
X to keep most code in a library, and out of the kernel. As an
X example, I felt that the gain in speed for the line drawing
X would be sufficient to warrant it be put directly in the
X kernel.
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X A hint which may seem obvious to some, is when you are
X coding a new function, if possible test the code with a
X separate program before putting it in the kernel.
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X eg. You are attempting to code a fill-area function.
X First of all, instead of writing this code directly into the
X kernel, write a stand-alone program that calls any other
X graphics primitives (eg. point, line etc), and debug this
X program until your algorithm works. Then, and only then,
X insert your code into the kernel (if that is where you want to
X put it), and test it further. This saves a lot of re-boots,
X which you would otherwise have to do when you debug your
X function.
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X If your code ends up in the kernel, call any other
X primitives from within (see the line-drawing implementation in
X memory.c, which calls putpixel() ). It is excessive (and
X probably illegal) to call ioctl(3) from within the kernel.
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X Writing Your Own Graphics Kernel
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X There are a few things you will need to do to port the
X hardware-dependent code across.
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X 6.3 You should not have to modify any of the PLOT
X sources. Only the kernel sources will need to be
X modified.
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X 6.4 Firstly, edit the standard header ggtty.h and
X add/modify your specific hardware parameters. Things
X like the video mode, screen size, number of colours.
X Follow the comments in ggtty.h for more information.
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X 6.5 Next, you will probably have to make some reasonable
X modifications to memory.c. These will be specific
X for your machine, so in keeping with tradition, put
X #defines around your code so that the same source
X can support multiple hardware platforms.
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X Your hardware configuration, and possible variations on
X the hardware will decide how you address screen memory. For
X speed, direct access is the obvious alternative. But some
X platforms may require you to go through a BIOS of some
X description. The Macintosh with its Quickdraw chip might be
X one of these cases.
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X I chose to go through the BIOS on the PC, as it made
X things a lot easier to code. I didn't have to worry about
X addressing pixels in different modes - the BIOS does it all
X for you. Certainly, if any major graphics applications were to
X use the BIOS their performance would be quite slow, but for
X general purpose pictures and graphs, the current methods seem
X sufficient. Having a 33Mhz 386DX probably helps too!
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X 7. Known System Errors
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X No errors are known at this time, besides the following
X specific problem.
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X If the device is read or written like a file, and is done
X so beyond the end of the video memory mapping, then the
X process is stopped and cannot be exited.
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X 8. Project Development Estimates
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X Original Project Estimates
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X 4/3 Initial Meeting
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X 11/3 Project starts
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X Draft Documentation and Design
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X 25/4 Character device working
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X IOCTL Calls
X . switch modes
X . draw pixels
X . line drawing, arcs
X . bit blit
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X Graphic device working
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X Improvements
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X 15/11 Project submitted
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X Final Project Estimates
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X 4/3 Initial Meeting on project
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X 11/3 Projects officially start
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X Draft Documentation and Design
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X 25/4 Character based device working
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X 10/5 Character based device working. Documentation -
X (Requirement, How and Character Description)
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X 26/8 Dumb graphics device working (just like char device,
X only crunchy)
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X 2/9 IOCTL calls defined and documented.
X 1. switch modes and simple test.
X 2. draw pixels.
X 3. line draw
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X Testing
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X Graphic based device working
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X Testing and Final Documentation
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X 15/11 Project submitted
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X 9. Log of Events
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X 1991
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X 4/3 Initial meeting.
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X 11/3 Projects officially commence.
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X 25/3 Look at console.c, IOCTL, Check scrolling.
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X 15/4 Prepare some documentation, Check bios_wini.c.
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X 10/5 Character device starts to work.
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X 28/5 Fixed seek problem with character device, device
X tested for this stage.
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X 5/8 Can't use protected mode, soft scroll hard-coded,
X wini.c protected mode patch implemented.
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X 14/8 Littered kernel with pop-up message to trace where
X ioctl calls go. Used code from tty.c. Problem still
X with ioctl calls.
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X 26/8 Hassles with turning graphics mode on - causing kernel
X panic. Solved problem by saving old int 010H vector
X and re-using it. Can now turn on graphics mode.
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X 2/9 Ioctl calls work good enough to turn device on and
X off. Discuss making device PLOT compatible. Tested
X BIOS text printing function calls successfully.
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X 6/9 Problem passing integers to a pixel setting routine.
X Got plot(x,y) to work only with 8-bit coordinates.
X Suggested that BIOS is causing this limit.
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X 9/9 Implemented BIOS text printing
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X 11/9 Discovered that ioctl.c (library source) is brain-
X dead. It contains a nasty hack that only allowed the
X tty ioctl calls. Added my own quick hack, to allow
X other calls besides tty.
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X 16/9 Further patches to ioctl.c made start on 16-bit
X coordinates.
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X 17/9 Tested BIOS graphics using a DOS program which showed
X BIOS is ok. Further patches added ability to pass 16-
X bit data via ioctl. Using VGA hi-res (nice!).
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X 18/9 Investigated Super-VGA modes. Decided to live with
X standard VGA.
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X 23/9 Initial line drawing algorithm written in Turbo-C,
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X first port to Minix.
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X 25/9 Line drawing bugs fixed, 2nd port to Minix.
X Investigated passing string of text to device, idea
X dismissed as too hard.
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X 7/10 Set colours. PLOT library development has begun.
X Suggest that add colour to PLOT library.
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X 19/10 Wrote plot.c filter in Turbo-C, ported to Minix.
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X 21/10 Changed the way libplot.a is generated, from one
X source, to many separate sources.
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X Appendix A. Source Listings
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X Table of Listings
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SHAR_EOF
chmod 0700 grafx10/sysdoc.txt ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/sysdoc.txt failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/sysdoc.txt'`"
test 28207 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/sysdoc.txt: original size 28207, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c ==============
if test ! -d 'grafx10/tst'; then
echo 'x - creating directory grafx10/tst'
mkdir 'grafx10/tst'
fi
if test -f 'grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c' &&
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ggtty.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
X
void main()
{
X int fd;
X int i;
X gmess *args;
X
X args = (gmess *) malloc(sizeof(gmess));
X
X fd = open("/dev/grafx",O_RDWR);
X
/*
X ioctl(fd,GIOCENTER,args);
*/
X args->GRAFX_X = 300;
X args->GRAFX_Y = 100;
X
X printf("args %x %x %x %x\n",args->gm2_b1,
X args->gm2_b2,args->gm2_b3,args->gm2_b4);
X
X ioctl(fd,GIOCPLOT,args);
X
X (void) getchar();
X ioctl(fd,GIOCRETURN,args);
X
X close(fd);
}
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c'`"
test 465 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/tst/tst_plt.c: original size 465, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/usrdoc.txt ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/usrdoc.txt' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/usrdoc.txt (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/usrdoc.txt (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/usrdoc.txt' &&
X
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X University of South Australia
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X School of Mathematics and Computer Studies
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X Computing Project
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X GRAFX 1.0
X
X A Graphics Device for MINIX
X
X User Documentation
X
X
X
X
X
X 14 February 1992
X
X
X By David Gardiner
X
X Supervisor: Bob Buckley
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
X
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X Table of Contents
X
X 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
X Software
X Hardware
X
X 2. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
X
X 3. High Level Usage - Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
X Plot(3X) Library Usage
X
X 4. Low Level Usage - Ioctl Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
X
X Appendix A. Programmers Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
X Types
X Defines for gmess
X Defines for the Terminal
X Defines for Ioctl(3) Functions
X Plot(3X) Library Functions
X
X Appendix B. Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
X
X Appendix C. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
X
X
X
X Readers Note
X Throughout this document, words may be seen to be
X suffixed by an index surrounded by parentheses. eg plot(1G)
X This refers to a UNIX feature of that name, with the index
X referring to the section of the UNIX on-line manual under
X which the feature would be found.
X
X
X UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T.
X MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft
X Corporation.
X IBM-PC is a registered trademark of International
X Business Machines Corporation.
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
X
X
X 1. Introduction
X
X The Grafx package gives MINIX the ability to display
X graphical output. It also partially implements the UNIX
X plot(3X) library.
X
X To function correctly, at least the following hardware
X and software is required:
X
X Software
X
X MINIX 1.5 for the IBM-PC.
X Grafx 1.0
X
X Hardware
X
X IBM-PC or 100% compatible (including PC-AT)
X Graphics Adaptor - CGA, EGA, VGA, (Hercules untested)
X
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X 1
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
X
X 2. Installation
X
X There are a number of steps in installing the Grafx
X system. This guide assumes that you have MINIX 1.5 up and
X running on your PC. Instruction for doing so is given within
X the MINIX documentation in the box MINIX came in, and is not
X repeated here.
X
X Step 1. Create New Directory
X
X Copy the Grafx package into a sub-directory. From this
X sub-directory, all the changes to MINIX can be applied and
X tested.
X
X Assuming package is distributed in one file (tar
X and compressed), and you are logged in as root.
X
X $ mkdir /usr/src/grafx
X $ mv grafx.tar.Z /usr/src/grafx
X $ cd /usr/src/grafx
X
X De-compress archive file.
X
X $ compress -d grafx.tar.Z
X
X Now run tar, to extract files from tar archive.
X
X $ tar -xv grafx.tar
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X Step 2. Copy Original Sources
X
X Now if you list the directory, it should look similar to
X the following.
X
X A listing of the directory, some file sizes and
X dates may be different.
X
X $ ls -alF
X
X total 3
X drwxrwxrwx 2 root 64
X drwxrwxrwx 25 bin 592 Nov 6 15:35..
X -rw-r--r-- 1 root 64
X kernel/
X -rw-r--r-- 1 root 64
X lib/
X -rw-r--r-- 1 root 64
X tst/
X -rw-r--r-- 1 root 64
X plot/
X -rw-r--r-- 1 root 300 Nov 6 15:36
X Readme
X
X
X
X
X
X One of the directories is named 'kernel'. It is in this
X sub-directory that the new kernel will be built. To do this,
X we must copy all of the files from the original kernel source
X directory into our new directory. There are also some other
X files from other places that we also need copies of. That way,
X only our copy will get changed, and the originals will remain
X untouched.
X
X Assuming that the original kernel sources are in
X /usr/src/kernel, and that our current directory
X is /usr/src/grafx
X
X $ cp /usr/src/kernel/* kernel
X $ cp /usr/src/lib/other/ioctl.c lib
X
X We can also copy some files to their new
X locations. If your include directory is
X different, then use the correct path for your
X machine.
X
X $ cp include/ggtty.h /usr/include
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X Step 3.
X
X We have to apply the changes that the Grafx package makes
X to the kernel. These changes are stored in files called
X context-diff's (or cdiff's for short), and are applied to the
X old source file to create the new updated source file. This is
X done using the patch(1) program.
X
X Run patch(1) for all cdif files. Do not type the
X '$' or '>', these are prompts.
X
X $ for i in *.cd*
X > do
X > patch <$i
X > done
X
X
X
X
X These changes must be compiled. The existing Makefile
X should be sufficent.
X
X Run make(1) to re-compile modified files
X
X $ make
X
X
X
X
X If no compilation errors occurred, then a new 'kernel'
X file should now exist. Booting from this kernel now depends on
X what method you use to boot Minix.
X
X If you use shoelace(8), then you can copy it to
X /etc/system on your boot partition.
X
X If you use a standard Minix boot disk then it is just a
X matter of re-building the Minix 'image' file with the new
X kernel instead of the old.
X
X Step 4.
X
X The Grafx device must have a logical name so that it can
X be opened and accessed. This is done as follows:
X
X The following creates the Grafx device, as a
X character device, major device number 1, minor
X device number 5.
X
X $ mknod /dev/grafx c 1 5
X
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X 4
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
X
X 3. High Level Usage - Libraries
X
X The Grafx package is relatively simple to use. There are
X two ways that a programmer can use the package. The first is
X to use the plot(3X) library, and the second is by calling the
X device directly through ioctl(3) calls.
X
X Plot(3X) Library Usage
X
X Like this package, there are also a couple of ways that
X you can use the plot(3X) libraries. This stems from the fact
X that the Grafx package creates two possible libraries to
X choose from.
X
X The first, named 'libplot.a' is a device-independent
X library, which does not actually produce any graphics by
X itself. The output of the graphics functions in a program
X linked to this library are a series of codes. These codes
X conform to the plot(5) file format.
X
X This output can be piped to a filter plot(1) which
X interprets these codes, and displays the corresponding
X graphics on the screen.
X
X First link library to user program 'foo.c'
X
X $ cc -lplot foo.c
X
X Now run executable, and pipe output to plot(1)
X
X $ a.out | plot
X
X
X
X
X The other option, is to link to a library named
X 'libplotibm.a'. This library is similar to 'libplot.a', except
X that the output does not need to be piped to plot(1). Instead,
X this library will directly create the graphics output on the
X screen. It is possible for there to be many of these
X libraries, each for a specific type of computer and display.
X
X
X First link library to user program 'foo.c'
X
X $ cc -lplotibm foo.c
X
X Now run executable
X
X $ a.out
X
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X 5
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
X
X Here is some example code that can be compiled and linked
X to either of the previously mentioned libraries.
X
X #include <stdio.h>
X
X void main()
X {
X int i;
X
X openpl(); /* Open device */
X for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
X line(1, 1, 100, i * 2);
X move(i * 3, 150);
X label("!");
X }
X (void) getchar(); /* Wait for key press
X */
X closepl(); /* Close device */
X }
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X 4. Low Level Usage - Ioctl Calls
X
X The lowest level of access to the grafx device is through
X ioctl(3) calls.
X
X Ioctl(3) calls are of the form:
X
X int result = ioctl(int fd, int function, char
X *args);
X
X Where:
X result = 0 if error occurred.
X fd = open file-descriptor.
X function = function code.
X args = pointer to structure to pass to
X driver.
X
X
X
X
X The use of ioctl(3) calls is generally only needed for
X specialised applications, where the plot(3X) library is
X unsuitable. The plot(3X) library uses these calls, but it
X needn't if there was some other access available.
X
X See the Programmers Reference for a list of valid
X function calls to the grafx device ioctl handler.
X
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X Here is an example of the use of some of the ioctl
X functions. Note that you must always turn on graphics mode
X before executing other graphics functions. It is also a very
X good idea to return to text mode at the end of your program.
X
X #include <stdio.h>
X #include <ggtty.h>
X #include <fcntl.h>
X
X void main()
X {
X int fd;
X gmess *args;
X
X args = (gmess *) malloc(sizeof(gmess));
X
X /* Open file descriptor with grafx device
X */
X if ((fd = open("/dev/grafx",O_RDWR)) == -1)
X {
X printf("Error opening Grafx device
X \n");
X exit(1);
X }
X
X ioctl(fd,GIOCENTER,args); /* Enter
X graphics mode */
X
X ioctl(fd,GIOCTEST,args); /* internal
X test function */
X
X args->GRAFX_COLOUR = 15; /* set colour
X */
X ioctl(fd,GIOCCOLOUR,args);
X
X args->GRAFX_CHAR = 'C'; /* text
X function */
X ioctl(fd,GIOCTEXT,args);
X
X (void) getchar(); /* Wait
X for keypress */
X
X ioctl(fd,GIOCRETURN,args); /* Back
X to text mode */
X close(fd); /* Close
X file-descriptor */
X }
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X Appendix A. Programmers Reference
X
X This list includes descriptions of data structures and
X definitions found in 'ggtty.h' (/usr/include/ggtty.h). Only
X items that are of use to the user are included. Other items
X that appear in 'ggtty.h' may be assumed to be for internal use
X only, and of no relevance to the user.
X
X Types
X
X Name Use
X
X coord To store values which are used for coordinates.
X
X spectrum To store values which represent colours.
X
X gmess As the type for the args parameter of the
X ioctl(3) call. Information in this structure is
X passed to and from device.
X
X Defines for gmess
X
X Not all these defines may be used at once. Their use is
X dependant on the particular function that ioctl(3) is called
X with.
X
X Name Use
X
X GRAFX_X The position where the 'x' coordinate is put.
X
X GRAFX_Y The position where the 'y' coordinate is put.
X
X GRAFX_X2 The position where the 'x2' coordinate is put.
X
X GRAFX_Y2 The position where the 'y2' coordinate is put.
X
X GRAFX_COLOUR The position where the colour (of type
X spectrum) is put.
X
X GRAFX_CHAR The position where an ASCII character may be
X put.
X
X Defines for the Terminal
X
X G_COLOURS Maximum number of colours that can actually be
X displayed in graphics mode.
X
X G_MAX_X Maximum 'x' coordinate of the graphics mode.
X
X G_MAX_Y Maximum 'y' coordinate of the graphics mode.
X
X Defines for Ioctl(3) Functions
X
X
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
X
X GIOCENTER Enter graphics mode.
X
X GIOCRETURN Return to text mode.
X
X GIOCTEST Run a simple graphics test.
X
X GIOCPLOT Set a pixel on the display.
X
X GIOCCOLOUR Set the colour to use for drawing.
X
X GIOCTEXT Display a character at the current position.
X
X GIOCMOVE Move the current position.
X
X GIOCLINE Draw a line.
X
X
X Plot(3X) Library Functions
X
X Some of these functions depend on a 'current point'. This
X is equivalent to the last point of a line(), move(), cont() or
X point().
X
X openpl() Turn on graphics mode.
X
X erase() Clear graphics screen.
X
X label(s) Write the string 's' at the current point.
X
X line(x1,y1,x2,y2) Draw a line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2).
X
X circle(x,y,r) Draw a circle with centre (x,y) and radius (r).
X
X arc(x,y,x0,y0,x1,y1) Draw an arc with centre (x,y), in an
X anti-clockwise direction from (x0,y0) to
X (x1,y1).
X
X move(x,y) Move the current point to (x,y).
X
X cont(x,y) Draw a line from the current point to (x,y).
X
X point(x,y) Set the pixel at (x,y)
X
X linemod(s) Change the line style. (s) is a string equal to
X one of 'dotted', 'solid', 'longdashed',
X 'shortdashed', 'dotdashed'.
X
X space(x0,y0,x1,y1) Expand or contract the rectangle(x0,y0) -
X (x1,y1) to fit the whole display.
X
X colour(c) Set the current drawing colour.
X
X closepl() Return to text mode.
X
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X Graphics Device for MINIX System Documentation
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X Appendix B. Error Messages
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X Appendix C. Glossary
X
X cdiff(1) Program which creates cdiff(5) files.
X
X cdiff(5) A file that contains only the changes from one
X version of a file to the next.
X
X IO Input/Output
X
X ioctl(3) UNIX function that allows programs to control
X IO devices.
X
X patch(1) Program which creates a new version of a file
X from the old version + the cdiff(5) file.
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SHAR_EOF
chmod 0700 grafx10/usrdoc.txt ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/usrdoc.txt failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/usrdoc.txt'`"
test 19184 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/usrdoc.txt: original size 19184, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/Readme ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/Readme' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/Readme (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/Readme (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/Readme' &&
X GRAFX 1.0 for MINIX
X ===================
X
The Grafx package gives MINIX the ability to display graphical output.
It also partially implements the UNIX plot(3X) library.
Graphics is driven through the BIOS (with all the associated implications).
X
Hardware Requirements:
X IBM-PC or BIOS compatible
X Graphics Adaptor - CGA,EGA,VGA,(Hercules Untested)
X
X Other platforms eg. 68K should be able to use this package
X with a small amount of work.
X
The documentation is distributed in the following files:
X
usrdoc.txt - User documentation - ASCII text
sysdoc.txt - System documentation - ASCII text
X
These are wordperfect output - so bold and underline may look odd
on your screen, but should print OK. Mail a request for the WP
files if you want to print with different fonts, etc.
X
I would welcome your feedback on this package. It was my 3rd year
project, as part of the Computer Studies Degree course at the
University of South Australia.
X
- Dave Gardiner, 14/2/92
Internet: ma89...@lux.levels.unisa.edu.au
X
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0700 grafx10/Readme ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/Readme failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/Readme'`"
test 1099 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/Readme: original size 1099, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/include/ggtty.h ==============
if test ! -d 'grafx10/include'; then
echo 'x - creating directory grafx10/include'
mkdir 'grafx10/include'
fi
if test -f 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/include/ggtty.h (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/include/ggtty.h (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h' &&
/* The <ggtty.h> header contains data structures for ioctl(). */
/* for use with /dev/grafx device */
X
#ifndef _GGTTY_H
#define _GGTTY_H
X
typedef unsigned int coord;
typedef unsigned char spectrum;
X
typedef struct { long gm0l1, gm0l2; char * gm0p1;} g_mess0;
typedef struct { int gm1i2, gm1i1, gm1i4, gm1i3; } g_mess1;
typedef struct { char gm2b4, gm2b3, gm2b2, gm2b1, gm2b8, gm2b7, gm2b6, gm2b5; } g_mess2;
X
typedef union {
X g_mess0 gm0;
X g_mess1 gm1;
X g_mess2 gm2;
} gmess;
X
#define gm0_l1 gm0.gm0l1
#define gm0_l2 gm0.gm0l2
#define gm0_p1 gm0.gm0p1
X
#define gm1_i1 gm1.gm1i1
#define gm1_i2 gm1.gm1i2
#define gm1_i3 gm1.gm1i3
#define gm1_i4 gm1.gm1i4
X
#define gm2_b1 gm2.gm2b1
#define gm2_b2 gm2.gm2b2
#define gm2_b3 gm2.gm2b3
#define gm2_b4 gm2.gm2b4
#define gm2_b5 gm2.gm2b5
#define gm2_b6 gm2.gm2b6
#define gm2_b7 gm2.gm2b7
#define gm2_b8 gm2.gm2b8
X
#define GRAFX_X gm1_i1
#define GRAFX_Y gm1_i2
#define GRAFX_X2 gm1_i3
#define GRAFX_Y2 gm1_i4
#define GRAFX_COLOUR gm2_b1
#define GRAFX_CHAR gm2_b1
#define GRAFX_ADDRESS gm0_p1
#define GRAFX_SPEK gm0_l1
#define GRAFX_FLAGS gm0_l2
X
typedef struct {
X coord gg_x; /* x position */
X coord gg_y; /* y position */
X char f1,f2;
} gm_xy;
X
typedef struct {
X spectrum gg_colour; /* colour */
X char x1,x2,x3,x4,x5;
} gm_colour;
X
struct vid_stats {
X long base;
X unsigned colours;
X unsigned x,y;
};
X
#define base1 0xb8000L
#define base2 0xa0000L
X
/*
X base, 0..col, X, Y, Mode
X ====================================
X base1, 15, 320, 200, 0
X base1, 15, 320, 200, 1
X base1, 15, 640, 200, 2
X base1, 15, 640, 200, 3
X base1, 3, 320, 200, 4
X base1, 3, 320, 200, 5
X base1, 1, 640, 200, 6
X base1, 3, 720, 350, 7
X 0, 0, 0, 0, 8
X 0, 0, 0, 0, 9
X 0, 0, 0, 0, A
X 0, 0, 0, 0, B
X 0, 0, 0, 0, C
X base2, 15, 320, 200, D
X base2, 15, 640, 200, E
X base2, 3, 640, 350, F
X base2, 15, 640, 350, 10
X base2, 1, 640, 480, 11
X base2, 15, 640, 480, 12
X base2, 255, 320, 200, 13
*/
X
#define TEXT_MODE 3
#define CGA 4
#define EGA 0xD
#define VGA 0x12
#define SVGA 0x38
X
#define G_MODE VGA
#define G_BASE base2
#define G_COLOURS 15
/* The size in pixels of the graphics mode */
#define G_MAX_X 640
#define G_MAX_Y 480
X
/* The size of a character cell in this graphics mode */
#define G_CX_DIV 8
#define G_CY_DIV 16
X
/* IOCTL functions */
#define GIOCENTER (('g'<<8) | 1)
#define GIOCRETURN (('g'<<8) | 2)
#define GIOCTEST (('g'<<8) | 3)
#define GIOCPLOT (('g'<<8) | 4)
#define GIOCCOLOUR (('g'<<8) | 5)
#define GIOCTEXT (('g'<<8) | 6)
#define GIOCMOVE (('g'<<8) | 7)
#define GIOCLINE (('g'<<8) | 8)
X
#endif /* _GGTTY_H */
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/include/ggtty.h ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/include/ggtty.h failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h'`"
test 2574 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h: original size 2574, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff ==============
if test ! -d 'grafx10/include/minix'; then
echo 'x - creating directory grafx10/include/minix'
mkdir 'grafx10/include/minix'
fi
if test -f 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff' &&
*** com.h Thu Nov 14 13:49:21 1991
--- new-com.h Thu Nov 14 13:48:23 1991
***************
*** 68,73 ****
--- 68,74 ----
X # define NULL_DEV 3 /* minor device for /dev/null */
X #if (CHIP == INTEL)
X # define PORT_DEV 4 /* minor device for /dev/port */
+ # define GRAFX_DEV 5 /* minor device for /dev/grafx */
X #endif
X
X #define CLOCK -3 /* clock class */
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff'`"
test 379 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff: original size 379, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/include/ggtty.h ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/include/ggtty.h (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/include/ggtty.h (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h' &&
/* The <ggtty.h> header contains data structures for ioctl(). */
/* for use with /dev/grafx device */
X
#ifndef _GGTTY_H
#define _GGTTY_H
X
typedef unsigned int coord;
typedef unsigned char spectrum;
X
typedef struct { long gm0l1, gm0l2; char * gm0p1;} g_mess0;
typedef struct { int gm1i2, gm1i1, gm1i4, gm1i3; } g_mess1;
typedef struct { char gm2b4, gm2b3, gm2b2, gm2b1, gm2b8, gm2b7, gm2b6, gm2b5; } g_mess2;
X
typedef union {
X g_mess0 gm0;
X g_mess1 gm1;
X g_mess2 gm2;
} gmess;
X
#define gm0_l1 gm0.gm0l1
#define gm0_l2 gm0.gm0l2
#define gm0_p1 gm0.gm0p1
X
#define gm1_i1 gm1.gm1i1
#define gm1_i2 gm1.gm1i2
#define gm1_i3 gm1.gm1i3
#define gm1_i4 gm1.gm1i4
X
#define gm2_b1 gm2.gm2b1
#define gm2_b2 gm2.gm2b2
#define gm2_b3 gm2.gm2b3
#define gm2_b4 gm2.gm2b4
#define gm2_b5 gm2.gm2b5
#define gm2_b6 gm2.gm2b6
#define gm2_b7 gm2.gm2b7
#define gm2_b8 gm2.gm2b8
X
#define GRAFX_X gm1_i1
#define GRAFX_Y gm1_i2
#define GRAFX_X2 gm1_i3
#define GRAFX_Y2 gm1_i4
#define GRAFX_COLOUR gm2_b1
#define GRAFX_CHAR gm2_b1
#define GRAFX_ADDRESS gm0_p1
#define GRAFX_SPEK gm0_l1
#define GRAFX_FLAGS gm0_l2
X
typedef struct {
X coord gg_x; /* x position */
X coord gg_y; /* y position */
X char f1,f2;
} gm_xy;
X
typedef struct {
X spectrum gg_colour; /* colour */
X char x1,x2,x3,x4,x5;
} gm_colour;
X
struct vid_stats {
X long base;
X unsigned colours;
X unsigned x,y;
};
X
#define base1 0xb8000L
#define base2 0xa0000L
X
/*
X base, 0..col, X, Y, Mode
X ====================================
X base1, 15, 320, 200, 0
X base1, 15, 320, 200, 1
X base1, 15, 640, 200, 2
X base1, 15, 640, 200, 3
X base1, 3, 320, 200, 4
X base1, 3, 320, 200, 5
X base1, 1, 640, 200, 6
X base1, 3, 720, 350, 7
X 0, 0, 0, 0, 8
X 0, 0, 0, 0, 9
X 0, 0, 0, 0, A
X 0, 0, 0, 0, B
X 0, 0, 0, 0, C
X base2, 15, 320, 200, D
X base2, 15, 640, 200, E
X base2, 3, 640, 350, F
X base2, 15, 640, 350, 10
X base2, 1, 640, 480, 11
X base2, 15, 640, 480, 12
X base2, 255, 320, 200, 13
*/
X
#define TEXT_MODE 3
#define CGA 4
#define EGA 0xD
#define VGA 0x12
#define SVGA 0x38
X
#define G_MODE VGA
#define G_BASE base2
#define G_COLOURS 15
/* The size in pixels of the graphics mode */
#define G_MAX_X 640
#define G_MAX_Y 480
X
/* The size of a character cell in this graphics mode */
#define G_CX_DIV 8
#define G_CY_DIV 16
X
/* IOCTL functions */
#define GIOCENTER (('g'<<8) | 1)
#define GIOCRETURN (('g'<<8) | 2)
#define GIOCTEST (('g'<<8) | 3)
#define GIOCPLOT (('g'<<8) | 4)
#define GIOCCOLOUR (('g'<<8) | 5)
#define GIOCTEXT (('g'<<8) | 6)
#define GIOCMOVE (('g'<<8) | 7)
#define GIOCLINE (('g'<<8) | 8)
X
#endif /* _GGTTY_H */
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/include/ggtty.h ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/include/ggtty.h failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h'`"
test 2574 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/include/ggtty.h: original size 2574, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff' &&
*** com.h Thu Nov 14 13:49:21 1991
--- new-com.h Thu Nov 14 13:48:23 1991
***************
*** 68,73 ****
--- 68,74 ----
X # define NULL_DEV 3 /* minor device for /dev/null */
X #if (CHIP == INTEL)
X # define PORT_DEV 4 /* minor device for /dev/port */
+ # define GRAFX_DEV 5 /* minor device for /dev/grafx */
X #endif
X
X #define CLOCK -3 /* clock class */
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff'`"
test 379 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff: original size 379, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff' &&
*** com.h Thu Nov 14 13:49:21 1991
--- new-com.h Thu Nov 14 13:48:23 1991
***************
*** 68,73 ****
--- 68,74 ----
X # define NULL_DEV 3 /* minor device for /dev/null */
X #if (CHIP == INTEL)
X # define PORT_DEV 4 /* minor device for /dev/port */
+ # define GRAFX_DEV 5 /* minor device for /dev/grafx */
X #endif
X
X #define CLOCK -3 /* clock class */
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff'`"
test 379 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/include/minix/com.h.cdiff: original size 379, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif ==============
if test ! -d 'grafx10/kernel'; then
echo 'x - creating directory grafx10/kernel'
mkdir 'grafx10/kernel'
fi
if test -f 'grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif' &&
*** /usr/src/kernel/console.c Mon Jun 17 11:40:48 1991
--- console.c Fri Aug 9 13:36:05 1991
***************
*** 745,751 ****
X /* Initialize the screen driver. */
X
X one_con_attribute = BLANK;
! if (ps) softscroll = TRUE;
X
X /* Tell the EGA card, if any, to simulate a 16K CGA card. */
X out_byte(EGA + INDEX, 4); /* register select */
--- 745,751 ----
X /* Initialize the screen driver. */
X
X one_con_attribute = BLANK;
! softscroll = TRUE; /* Need software scroll for /dev/grafx */
X
X /* Tell the EGA card, if any, to simulate a 16K CGA card. */
X out_byte(EGA + INDEX, 4); /* register select */
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif'`"
test 625 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif: original size 625, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff' &&
*** /usr/src/kernel/memory.c Mon Jun 17 11:40:50 1991
--- memory.c Mon Oct 7 14:41:30 1991
***************
*** 4,9 ****
--- 4,16 ----
X * /dev/kmem - kernel virtual memory
X * /dev/ram - RAM disk
X * /dev/port - i/o ports ((CHIP == INTEL) only)
+ * /dev/grafx - graphics device
+
+ * /dev/grafix Additions
+ * Stage 1: Get character device working
+ * Stage 2: Get ioctl working
+ * Stage 3: Implement ioctl functions
+
X *
X * The driver supports the following operations (using message format m2):
X *
***************
*** 26,47 ****
X */
X
X #include "kernel.h"
X #include <minix/callnr.h>
X #include <minix/com.h>
X
X #ifdef PORT_DEV
! #define NR_RAMS 5 /* number of RAM-type devices */
! #else
! #define NR_RAMS 4
! #endif
X PRIVATE message mess; /* message buffer */
X PRIVATE phys_bytes ram_origin[NR_RAMS]; /* origin of each RAM disk */
X PRIVATE phys_bytes ram_limit[NR_RAMS]; /* limit of RAM disk per minor dev. */
X
X FORWARD int do_mem();
X FORWARD int do_setup();
X
X /*===========================================================================*
X * mem_task *
X *===========================================================================*/
X PUBLIC void mem_task()
--- 33,96 ----
X */
X
X #include "kernel.h"
+ #include <ggtty.h>
X #include <minix/callnr.h>
X #include <minix/com.h>
X
X #ifdef PORT_DEV
! #define NR_RAMS 6 /* number of RAM-type devices */
! #else
! #define NR_RAMS 5
! #endif
!
!
X PRIVATE message mess; /* message buffer */
X PRIVATE phys_bytes ram_origin[NR_RAMS]; /* origin of each RAM disk */
X PRIVATE phys_bytes ram_limit[NR_RAMS]; /* limit of RAM disk per minor dev. */
X
+ PRIVATE int in_graphics = FALSE;
+ PRIVATE spectrum vir_colour = 7; /* Virtual stuff */
+ PRIVATE coord vir_x = 0;
+ PRIVATE coord vir_y = 0;
+
X FORWARD int do_mem();
X FORWARD int do_setup();
X
X /*===========================================================================*
+ * replace *
+ *===========================================================================*/
+ PRIVATE void replace(from, to)
+ int from; /* vector to get replacement from */
+ int to; /* vector to replace */
+ {
+ /* Replace the vector 'to' in the interrupt table with its original BIOS
+ * vector 'from' in vec_table (they differ since the 8259 was reprogrammed).
+ * On the first call only, also restore all software interrupt vectors from
+ * vec_table except the trap vectors and SYS_VECTOR.
+ * (Doing it only on the first call is redundant, since this is only called
+ * once! We ought to swap our vectors back just before bios_wini replies.
+ * Then this routine should be made more efficient.)
+ */
+
+ phys_bytes phys_b;
+ static int repl_called = FALSE; /* set on first call of replace */
+ int vec;
+
+ phys_b = umap(proc_ptr, D, (vir_bytes) vec_table, VECTOR_BYTES);
+ if (!repl_called) {
+ for (vec = 16; vec < VECTOR_BYTES / 4; ++vec)
+ if (vec != SYS_VECTOR &&
+ !(vec >= IRQ0_VECTOR && vec < IRQ0_VECTOR + 8) &&
+ !(vec >= IRQ8_VECTOR && vec < IRQ8_VECTOR + 8))
+ phys_copy(phys_b + 4L * vec, 4L * vec, 4L);
+ repl_called = TRUE;
+ }
+ lock();
+ phys_copy(phys_b + 4L * from, 4L * to, 4L);
+ unlock();
+ }
+
+ /*===========================================================================*
X * mem_task *
X *===========================================================================*/
X PUBLIC void mem_task()
***************
*** 60,65 ****
--- 109,118 ----
X else
X ram_limit[MEM_DEV] = 0x1000000; /* above 16M not mapped on 386 */
X ram_limit[PORT_DEV] = 0x10000;
+
+ /* Set up for graphics device map */
+ ram_origin[GRAFX_DEV] = G_BASE;
+ ram_limit[GRAFX_DEV] = ((phys_bytes) 0x100000) + ram_origin[GRAFX_DEV];
X #else
X #if (CHIP == M68000)
X ram_limit[MEM_DEV] = MEM_BYTES;
***************
*** 68,73 ****
--- 121,130 ----
X #endif
X #endif
X
+ /* set up int 010 */
+ if (pc_at)
+ replace( (DISPLAY_IRQ & 0x07) + BIOS_IRQ8_VEC, DISPLAY_VECTOR);
+
X /* Here is the main loop of the memory task. It waits for a message, carries
X * it out, and sends a reply.
X */
***************
*** 88,98 ****
X default: r = EINVAL; break;
X }
X
! /* Finally, prepare and send the reply message. */
! mess.m_type = TASK_REPLY;
! mess.REP_PROC_NR = proc_nr;
! mess.REP_STATUS = r;
! send(caller, &mess);
X }
X }
X
--- 145,157 ----
X default: r = EINVAL; break;
X }
X
! if (mess.DEVICE != GRAFX_DEV) {
! /* Finally, prepare and send the reply message. */
! mess.m_type = TASK_REPLY;
! mess.REP_PROC_NR = proc_nr;
! mess.REP_STATUS = r;
! send(caller, &mess);
! }
X }
X }
X
***************
*** 103,109 ****
X PRIVATE int do_mem(m_ptr)
X register message *m_ptr; /* pointer to read or write message */
X {
! /* Read or write /dev/null, /dev/mem, /dev/kmem, /dev/ram or /dev/port. */
X
X int device, count, endport, port, portval;
X phys_bytes mem_phys, user_phys;
--- 162,169 ----
X PRIVATE int do_mem(m_ptr)
X register message *m_ptr; /* pointer to read or write message */
X {
! /* Read or write
! /dev/null, /dev/mem, /dev/kmem, /dev/ram, /dev/port and /dev/grafx. */
X
X int device, count, endport, port, portval;
X phys_bytes mem_phys, user_phys;
***************
*** 151,156 ****
--- 211,329 ----
X return(count);
X }
X
+ PRIVATE void swap(a,b)
+ int *a,*b;
+ {
+ int i;
+ i = *b;
+ *b = *a;
+ *a = i;
+ }
+
+ PRIVATE void putpixel(x,y)
+ coord x,y;
+ {
+ Ax = 0x0C00 + (spectrum) vir_colour;
+ Bx = 0;
+ Cx = x;
+ Dx = y;
+ bios10();
+ }
+
+ PRIVATE void bres_x(xa,ya,xb,dx,dy,change)
+ int xa,ya,xb,dx,dy;
+ char change;
+ {
+ int x;
+ int y = ya;
+ int e_noinc = dy + dy;
+ int e = e_noinc - dx;
+ int e_inc = e - dx;
+
+ for (x = xa; x <= xb; x++) {
+ putpixel(x,y);
+ if (e < 0)
+ e += e_noinc;
+ else {
+ y += change;
+ e += e_inc;
+ }
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
+ bres_y(xa,ya,yb,dx,dy,change)
+ int xa,ya,yb,dx,dy;
+ char change;
+ {
+ int x = xa;
+ int y;
+ int e_noinc = dx + dx;
+ int e = e_noinc - dy;
+ int e_inc = e - dy;
+
+ for (y = ya; y <= yb; y++) {
+ putpixel(x,y);
+ if (e < 0)
+ e += e_noinc;
+ else {
+ x += change;
+ e += e_inc;
+ }
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
+
+ PRIVATE void myline(x1, y1, x2, y2)
+ int x1,y1,x2,y2;
+ {
+ int i;
+ int dx;
+ int dy;
+
+ /* swap values so we go from low to high */
+ if (x1 > x2) {
+ swap(&x1,&x2);
+ swap(&y1,&y2);
+ }
+
+ dy = y2 - y1;
+ dx = x2 - x1;
+
+ /* Cater for tricky situations */
+ if (dx == 0) {
+ if (y1 > y2)
+ swap(&y2,&y1);
+ for (i = y1; i <= y2; i++) /* vertical line */
+ putpixel(x1,i);
+ return;
+ }
+ else if (dy == 0) {
+ for (i = x1; i <= x2; i++) /* horizontal line */
+ putpixel(i,y1);
+ return;
+ }
+ else if (dy > 0 ) {
+ if ((dy/dx) < 1)
+ bres_x(x1,y1,x2,dx,dy,1);
+ else
+ bres_y(x1,y1,y2,dx,dy,1);
+ }
+ else {
+ if ((dy/dx) > -1)
+ bres_x(x1,y1,x2,dx,-dy,-1);
+ else {
+ swap(&x1,&x2);
+ swap(&y1,&y2);
+ dx = x2 - x1;
+ dy = y2 - y1;
+ bres_y(x1,y1,y2,-dx,dy,-1);
+ }
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
X
X /*===========================================================================*
X * do_setup *
***************
*** 161,170 ****
X /* Set parameters for one of the disk RAMs. */
X
X int device;
!
! device = m_ptr->DEVICE;
! if (device != RAM_DEV) return(ENXIO); /* bad minor device */
! ram_origin[device] = m_ptr->POSITION;
! ram_limit[device] = m_ptr->POSITION + (long) m_ptr->COUNT * BLOCK_SIZE;
! return(OK);
! }
--- 334,428 ----
X /* Set parameters for one of the disk RAMs. */
X
X int device;
! long flags, erki;
! int r;
! int speed;
! message ioctl_mess;
!
! device = m_ptr->DEVICE;
!
! switch(device) {
! case GRAFX_DEV: {
! switch (m_ptr->TTY_REQUEST) {
! case GIOCENTER: {
! Ax = G_MODE;
! bios10();
! in_graphics = TRUE;
! break;
! }
! case GIOCRETURN: {
! if (in_graphics) {
! Ax = TEXT_MODE;
! bios10();
! in_graphics = FALSE;
! }
! break;
! }
! case GIOCTEST: {
! int i;
!
! for (i = 0; i < G_COLOURS; i++) {
! Ax = 0x0e00 + '*';
! Bx = i;
! bios10();
! }
! myline(0,0,G_MAX_X,G_MAX_Y);
! break;
! }
! case GIOCPLOT:
! vir_x = (m_ptr->TTY_SPEK >> 16);
! vir_y = ((m_ptr->TTY_SPEK << 16)>> 16);
! putpixel(vir_x,vir_y);
! break;
! case GIOCCOLOUR:
! vir_colour = (m_ptr->TTY_SPEK >> 24) & BYTE;
! break;
!
! case GIOCTEXT:
! Ax = 0x0e00 + ((m_ptr->TTY_SPEK >> 24) & BYTE);
! Bx = vir_colour;
! bios10();
! break;
! case GIOCMOVE:
! /* Set virtual x and y */
! vir_x = (m_ptr->TTY_SPEK >> 16);
! vir_y = (m_ptr->TTY_SPEK >> 0) & 0xffff;
! /* Now set text cursor, for printing text (really!) */
! Ax = 0x0200;
! Bx = 0;
! Dx = ((vir_y / G_CY_DIV) << 8) + (vir_x / G_CX_DIV);
! bios10();
! break;
!
! case GIOCLINE: {
! coord x1 = (m_ptr->TTY_SPEK >>16);
! coord y1 = ((m_ptr->TTY_SPEK <<16) >> 16);
! coord x2 = (m_ptr->TTY_FLAGS >>16);
! coord y2 = ((m_ptr->TTY_FLAGS <<16) >> 16);
! myline(x1,y1,x2,y2);
! break;
! }
! }
!
! ioctl_mess.m_type = TASK_REPLY;
! ioctl_mess.REP_PROC_NR = m_ptr->PROC_NR;
! ioctl_mess.REP_STATUS = r;
! ioctl_mess.TTY_FLAGS = flags;
! ioctl_mess.TTY_SPEK = erki;
!
! send(m_ptr->m_source, &ioctl_mess);
!
! break;
! }
!
! case RAM_DEV: {
! ram_origin[device] = m_ptr->POSITION;
! ram_limit[device] = m_ptr->POSITION + (long) m_ptr->COUNT * BLOCK_SIZE;
! break;
! }
! default:
! return(ENXIO); /* bad minor device */
! }
! return(OK);
! }
!
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff'`"
test 9759 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/kernel/memory.c.cdiff: original size 9759, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff' &&
*** /usr/src/kernel/wini.c Mon Aug 5 13:52:48 1991
--- wini.c Fri Aug 9 13:27:45 1991
***************
*** 120,126 ****
X vir_bytes wn_address; /* user virtual address */
X } wini[NR_DEVICES];
X
! PUBLIC int using_bios = FALSE; /* this disk driver does not use the BIOS */
X
X PRIVATE int w_need_reset = FALSE; /* set to 1 when controller must be reset */
X PRIVATE int nr_drives; /* Number of drives */
--- 120,127 ----
X vir_bytes wn_address; /* user virtual address */
X } wini[NR_DEVICES];
X
! PUBLIC int using_bios = TRUE; /* this disk driver does not use the BIOS */
! /* BUT the /dev/grafx DOES!!!!*/
X
X PRIVATE int w_need_reset = FALSE; /* set to 1 when controller must be reset */
X PRIVATE int nr_drives; /* Number of drives */
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff'`"
test 760 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/kernel/wini.c.cdiff: original size 760, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff' &&
*** /usr/src/kernel/const.h Mon Jun 17 11:41:07 1991
--- const.h Mon Aug 26 14:26:39 1991
***************
*** 67,72 ****
--- 67,73 ----
X #define PRINTER_IRQ 7
X #define AT_WINI_IRQ 14 /* at winchester */
X #define PS_KEYB_IRQ 9 /* keyboard interrupt vector for PS/2 */
+ #define DISPLAY_IRQ 16 /* display interrupt vector */
X
X /* Hardware vector numbers. */
X #define CLOCK_VECTOR ((CLOCK_IRQ & 0x07) + IRQ0_VECTOR)
***************
*** 79,84 ****
--- 80,86 ----
X #define PRINTER_VECTOR ((PRINTER_IRQ & 0x07) + IRQ0_VECTOR)
X #define AT_WINI_VECTOR ((AT_WINI_IRQ & 0x07) + IRQ8_VECTOR)
X #define PS_KEYB_VECTOR ((PS_KEYB_IRQ & 0x07) + IRQ8_VECTOR)
+ #define DISPLAY_VECTOR ((DISPLAY_IRQ & 0x07) + IRQ8_VECTOR)
X
X /* BIOS parameter vectors. */
X #define WINI_0_PARM_VEC 0x41
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff'`"
test 818 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/kernel/const.h.cdiff: original size 818, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
# ============= grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff ==============
if test -f 'grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff' &&
*** /usr/src/kernel/klib88.x Mon Jun 17 11:41:09 1991
--- klib88.x Fri Aug 9 12:44:53 1991
***************
*** 1,6 ****
--- 1,7 ----
X | This file contains a number of assembly code utility routines needed by the
X | kernel. They are:
X
+ .define _bios10 | make BIOS 10 call for display (real mode only)
X .define _bios13 | make BIOS 13 call for disk I/O (real mode only)
X .define _build_sig | build 4 word structure pushed onto stack for signals
X .define _check_mem | check a block of memory, return the valid size
***************
*** 78,88 ****
X
X .text
X |*===========================================================================*
! |* bios13 *
! |*===========================================================================*
! | PUBLIC void bios13();
!
! _bios13: | make a BIOS 0x13 call for disk I/O
X push ax | save the registers
X push bx
X push cx
--- 79,89 ----
X
X .text
X |*===========================================================================*
! |* bios10 *
! |*===========================================================================*
! | PUBLIC void bios10();
!
! _bios10: | make a BIOS 0x10 call for display
X push ax | save the registers
X push bx
X push cx
***************
*** 93,99 ****
X mov cx,_Cx
X mov dx,_Dx
X mov es,_Es
! int 0x13 | make the BIOS call
X mov _Ax,ax | save results
X mov _Bx,bx
X mov _Cx,cx
--- 94,100 ----
X mov cx,_Cx
X mov dx,_Dx
X mov es,_Es
! int 0x10 | make the BIOS call
X mov _Ax,ax | save results
X mov _Bx,bx
X mov _Cx,cx
***************
*** 105,110 ****
--- 106,139 ----
X pop ax
X ret
X
+ |*===========================================================================*
+ |* bios13 *
+ |*===========================================================================*
+ | PUBLIC void bios13();
+
+ _bios13: | make a BIOS 0x13 call for disk I/O
+ push ax | save the registers
+ push bx
+ push cx
+ push dx
+ push es
+ mov ax,_Ax | load parameters
+ mov bx,_Bx
+ mov cx,_Cx
+ mov dx,_Dx
+ mov es,_Es
+ int 0x13 | make the BIOS call
+ mov _Ax,ax | save results
+ mov _Bx,bx
+ mov _Cx,cx
+ mov _Dx,dx
+ pop es
+ pop dx
+ pop cx
+ pop bx
+ pop ax
+ ret
+
X
X |*===========================================================================*
X |* build_sig *
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0600 grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff ||
echo 'restore of grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff'`"
test 2335 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'grafx10/kernel/klib88.x.cdiff: original size 2335, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
true || echo 'restore of grafx10/kernel/console.c.cdif failed'
echo End of part 2, continue with part 3
exit 0