# Important common mathematical and technical symbols taken from ISO # 31-11 and other sources for education and engineering (including # software documentation) to be added in addition to the ISO 8859 1-4 # repertoires. This subset does not attempt to cover any mathematical # symbol that has ever been used in any special field, but only the # most common ones that are sufficient for >90% of mathematical # communication and that are nicely displayable in low-res fixed-width # fonts. Full coverage is left to special software such as AMSTeX. ######################################################################### # ISO 31-11 symbols that are probably known by every high-school student ######################################################################### # these denote the sets of complex, natural, rational, real, and # integer numbers 2102 # DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C 2115 # DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N 211A # DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q 211D # DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R 2124 # DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z # general indication of direction and used to describe the domain and range # sets of functions (all directions included for use in commutative diagrams) 2190 # LEFTWARDS ARROW 2191 # UPWARDS ARROW 2192 # RIGHTWARDS ARROW 2193 # DOWNWARDS ARROW 2194 # LEFT RIGHT ARROW 2195 # UP DOWN ARROW # used to describe element mappings of functions (all four directions # included for use in commutative diagrams) 21A4 # LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR 21A5 # UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR 21A6 # RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR 21A7 # DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR # implication symbol 21D0 # LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW 21D1 # UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW 21D2 # RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW 21D3 # DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW 21D4 # LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW 21D5 # UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW # common logic symbols 2227 # LOGICAL AND 2228 # LOGICAL OR 2200 # FOR ALL 2203 # THERE EXISTS 2204 # THERE DOES NOT EXIST # common set theory symbols 2229 # INTERSECTION 222A # UNION 22C2 # N-ARY INTERSECTION 22C3 # N-ARY UNION 2201 # COMPLEMENT 2205 # EMPTY SET 2208 # ELEMENT OF 2209 # NOT AN ELEMENT OF 220B # CONTAINS AS MEMBER 220C # DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER 2282 # SUBSET OF 2283 # SUPERSET OF 2284 # NOT A SUBSET OF 2285 # NOT A SUPERSET OF 2286 # SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO 2287 # SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO 2288 # NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO 2289 # NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO 228A # SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO 228B # SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO 2329 # LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET 232A # RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET # common number theory symbols 2261 # IDENTICAL TO 2262 # NOT IDENTICAL TO 2224 # DOES NOT DIVIDE # for DIVIDES use VERTICAL BAR # common geometry symbols 2225 # PARALLEL TO # also for vector norm 2226 # NOT PARALLEL TO ###################################################### # other common math symbols, all defined in ISO 31-11 ###################################################### 2032 # PRIME 2033 # DOUBLE PRIME 2034 # TRIPLE PRIME 2202 # PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL 2206 # INCREMENT 2207 # NABLA 2212 # MINUS SIGN # usually longer than a HYPHEN 2213 # MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN 2218 # RING OPERATOR 221D # PROPORTIONAL TO 221E # INFINITY 223C # TILDE OPERATOR # centered, while TILDE is high 2243 # ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO 2245 # APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO 2248 # ALMOST EQUAL TO 2249 # NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO 2258 # CORRESPONDS TO # an equal sign with a circumflex (not an # inverted breve as shown in Unicode!) 2260 # NOT EQUAL TO 2264 # LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 2265 # GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 226A # MUCH LESS-THAN 226B # MUCH GREATER-THAN 22C5 # DOT OPERATOR # characters from ISO 31-11 that are not included here, because they are # problematic to implement nicely in low-res fixed-width fonts # 222B # INTEGRAL # 220F # N-ARY PRODUCT # 2211 # N-ARY SUMMATION # 225D # EQUAL TO BY DEFINITION # write := instead ############################################################## # other common math/tech symbols not (yet) found in ISO 31-11 ############################################################## # used to write an equation that is not yet proved 225F # QUESTIONED EQUAL TO # Used in technical drawings and on product descriptions. Note that # DIAMETER SIGN is an exact circle while EMPTY SET is often a digit zero, # both with a stroke. 2300 # DIAMETER SIGN # The following are very well known among computer scientists and # are likely to be used in computer software documentation and in # source code comments # up and down rounding operators (introduced in 1963 by Iversion, these # are exactly SQUARE BRACKETs with one horizontal stroke removed, see # Knuth's TAOCP for details) 2308 # LEFT CEILING 2309 # RIGHT CEILING 230A # LEFT FLOOR 230B # RIGHT FLOOR # CIRCLED PLUS is popular for the XOR operator, it and CIRCLED TIMES # are also frequently used as generic group operators. Assertion and # models are very common symbols in formal theorem proof systems. # DOWN TACK and UP TACK denote the top and bottom element in a lattice, # UP TACK also denotes the undefined value of a function. 2295 # CIRCLED PLUS 2297 # CIRCLED TIMES 22A6 # ASSERTION 22A7 # MODELS 22A4 # DOWN TACK 22A5 # UP TACK # also perpendicular symbol ############################################################### # The greek letters commonly used by mathematicians (from Tex) ############################################################### 0393 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA 0394 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA 0398 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA 039B # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA 039E # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI 03A0 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI 03A3 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA 03A5 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON 03A6 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI 03A8 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI 03A9 # GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA 03B1 # GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA 03B2 # GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA 03B3 # GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA 03B4 # GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA 03B5 # GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON 03B6 # GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA 03B7 # GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA 03B8 # GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA 03B9 # GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA 03BA # GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA 03BB # GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA 03BC # GREEK SMALL LETTER MU 03BD # GREEK SMALL LETTER NU 03BE # GREEK SMALL LETTER XI 03C0 # GREEK SMALL LETTER PI 03C1 # GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO 03C2 # GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA 03C3 # GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA 03C4 # GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU 03C5 # GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON 03C6 # GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI 03C7 # GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI 03C8 # GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI 03C9 # GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA 03D1 # GREEK THETA SYMBOL 03D5 # GREEK PHI SYMBOL 03D6 # GREEK PI SYMBOL 03F1 # GREEK RHO SYMBOL