Thanks for the replies. I have made a lot of progress (and gained understanding) on the translators since I posted this, so while I am still working blind, I have managed to gradually get some success.
One thing that accelerated the process was I got the alert() working. Apparently, it only works with doc as a param. On that point, I do not understand why doc has to be a param on all the various functions if it is universally understood to be the DOM. Shouldn't it work anywhere it's referenced?
On the certs issue, when I go to look at a site on the local web, there is no login. A popup asks me to confirm my PKI cert. Then content loads. In Scaffold, I can put in the URL, but the PKI pop-up doesn't happen, so the page never loads. I looked at the page about overriding. I'm not sure it's the same situation, but also, I am on Zotero 5, so I don't know if these solutions apply.
I didn't realize there was another output. I'll check it out.
Thanks, both.