[置頂] 討論組和郵件列表之禮儀
Moses
★《新闻讨论组之规则礼仪》
◆做个受欢迎的讨论组使用者所必须遵循的几大原则:
0.实在想不出答案才提问。 1.发帖提问之前先翻翻旧帖。
2.按组别和讨论主题发帖。 3.主题行应当简洁明了。
4.帖子内容要清晰明确。 5.不要进行人身攻击。
6.引文简要，不带大尾巴。 7.避免反复发帖和交叉发帖。
8.不要冒充他人。 9.重视知识产权。
★《网络礼节》
Rule 1：Remember the Human
●礼节一：记住人的存在
互联网给予来自五湖四海人们一个共同的地方聚集，这是高科技的优点但往
往也使得我们面对着电脑银屏忘了我们是在跟其他人打交道，我们的行为也
因此容易变得更粗劣和无礼。因此《网络礼节》第一条就是"记住人的存
在"。如果你当着面不会说的话在网上也不要说。
Rule 2：Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you
follow in real life
●礼节二：网上网下行为一致
在现实生活中大多数人都是尊法守纪，同样地在网上也同样如此。网上的道
德和法律与现实生活是相同的，不要以为在网上与电脑交易就可以降低道德
标准。
Rule 3：Know where you are in cyberspace
●礼节三：入乡随俗
同样是网站，不同的论坛有不同的规则。在一个论坛可以做的事情在另一个
论坛可能不易做。比方说在聊天室打哈哈发布传言和在一个新闻论坛散布传
言是不同的。最好的建议：先爬一会儿墙头再发言，这样你可以知道坛子的
气氛和可以接受的行为。
Rule 4：Respect other people's time and bandwidth
●礼节四：尊重别人的时间和带宽
在提问题以前，先自己花些时间去搜索和研究。很有可能同样问题以前已经
问过多次，现成的答案随手可及。不要以自我为中心，别人为你寻找答案需
要消耗时间和资源。
Rule 5：Make yourself look good online
●礼节五：给自己网上留个好印象
因为网络的匿名性质，别人无法从你的外观来判断，因此你一言一语成为别
人对你印象的唯一判断。如果你对某个方面不是很熟悉，找几本书看看再开
口，无的放矢只能落个灌水王帽子。同样地，发帖以前仔细检查语法和用
词。不要故意挑衅和使用脏话。
Rule 6：Share expert knowledge
●礼节六：分享你的知识
除了回答问题以外，这还包括当你提了一个有意思的问题而得到很多回答，
特别是通过电子邮件得到的以后你应该写份总结与大家分享。
Rule 7：Help keep flame wars under control
●礼节七：平心静气地争论
争论与大战是正常的现象。要以理服人，不要人身攻击。
Rule 8：Respect other people's privacy
●礼节八：尊重他人的隐私,别人与你用电子邮件或私聊(ICQ/QQ)的记录应
该是隐私一部分。如果你认识某个人用笔名上网，在论坛未经同意将他的真名
公开也不是一个好的行为。如果不小心看到别人打开电脑上的电子邮件或秘
密，你不应该到处广播。
Rule 9：Don't abuse your power
●礼节九：不要滥用权利
管理员版主比其他用户有更多权利，他们应该珍惜使用这些权利。游戏室内
的高手应该对新手枪下留情。
Rule 10：Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
●礼节十：宽容
我们都曾经是新手，都会有犯错误的时候。当看到别人写错字，用错词，问
一个低级问题或者写篇没必要的长篇大论时，你不要在意。如果你真的想给
他建议，最好用电子邮件私下提议。
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Mailing List 禮儀
在 mailing lists 上參與討論，就像在其他社群一樣，我們都需要一些溝通上的共識。 發言請注重禮儀(或默契)，切勿無的放矢。
最重要的是你已經看了這篇文章，然而，若您對 Wikipedia 不熟的話， 可能需要先廣泛閱讀相關 Wikiipedia FAQ 文章來先熟悉。
此外，對 FAQ 文件內已有解答的部份又提出來問的話，會被認為是相當不禮貌的。
這並不是因為這群志工是相當吝於回答的，而是一再被相同的問題不斷疲勞轟炸之後，所產生的挫折感很重。 請注意：這些 Wikipedia
相關文件幾乎都是由一群無薪志工的好心成果，而他們也是人。
1. 如何避免不當發文呢？
* 發文時，請務必遵守該 mailing list 的規則。
* 不要作人身攻擊。
* 請不要試圖作 Spam(發廣告, 無關主題的內容)。所有 mailing lists 都會積極禁止這些違規者。
2. 發文時，有什麼該注意的嗎？
* 發文時，請保持一行約 75 個字就斷行，因為並不是每個看的人都有很炫的圖形介面看信軟體。
* 請注意： 並非每個讀者的頻寬都很大，所以若想貼一些非常非常长的內容，那麼請把它放在自己網站上，然後貼出該網址 URL 就行了。
* 文章是要讓人看得懂，所以請注意版面編排的可讀性，還有.. 不 要 大 聲
嚷 叫!!!!! 這點可不只 mailing lists 才需如此注意， 請勿低估文章『基本編排』的重要性、連鎖效應。
信中的表達方式通常就代表著別人眼中的你，若文章讓人看了很吃力(霧煞煞)、拼字錯誤百出、充滿語意或邏輯錯誤、或是文內充滿一堆驚嘆號，這會讓人對你印象觀感極差。
* 請用 LIST 適當的語言來溝通。不要惡意批評拼字或文法錯誤之處。
* 寫信時，請用相容標準的 Mail User Agent (MUA)程式。 不良的(或設定錯誤的)寄信程式
這裡列有許多信件格式的錯誤示範。以下是一些已知的寄信程式的不良示範：
o cc:Mail
o (舊版的)Eudora(r)
o exmh
o Microsoft(r) Exchange
o Microsoft Internet Mail
o Microsoft Outlook(r)
o (舊版的)Netscape(r)
請儘量改用 UNIX(r) 上的寄信程式。請不要濫用 MIME 格式： 因為有一堆人都在濫用 MIME 信件格式。
* 請確認：時間與時區設定是否正確。 這問題看起來有點蠢，因為你寄出的信還是會到達 mailing list 上，但是呢，
mailing lists 上的訂戶他們通常會把信件以標題跟時間作為排序依據。若你的信沒有在第一篇正解之前就先出現的話，他們就會假設可能是漏收你這封信，
然後就沒再去看你那封信了。
* 如果是程式發生錯誤, 請提供程式出現的相關訊息。
* 在用滑鼠剪貼時，請注意是否有犯一些細節的剪貼壞習慣 。
3. 在 mailing lists 上回文的話，有什麼要特別注意的嗎？
* 請適當調整文章引言長度。回文時，引言部份請引『有談到的』部分為主，但請不要過與不及。保留涉及討論範圍的引文，這樣子才能讓沒看過前面文章的人知道是在講什麼，而非一頭霧水。
* 善用技巧來確認原文與自己寫的部份： 通常會在原文的每行前面加上 "> " 以作記號。 請記得保留 ">
"符號後面的空白，並且在原文以及你所寫的段落之間加上空行， 以便閱讀。
* 請不要斷章取義、穿鑿附會：通常對原始文章『斷章取義』、『穿鑿附會』會讓大家很不爽，因為他們原意並非如此，卻被曲解。
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★Google 群组礼节
↓
http://www.google.com/googlegroups/posting_style.html
The Do's and Don'ts of Posting on Google Groups
The easiest way to learn what's acceptable on Usenet is by
watching how others use it. Once you've read a few hundred posts
and witnessed a few flame wars erupt, you should get a feel for
what's appropriate and what's not. To help you get there a bit
faster (and to make sure you don't unintentionally set off a flame
war of your own), we've included some basic tips that will help
you fit into the Usenet community more easily. This guide is
adapted from the very helpful "A Primer on How to Work With the
Usenet Community" by Chuq Von Rospach. For a more complete guide
to Usenet posting rules, search on Google Groups for 'usenet
posting rules' or just click here.
The cheat sheet for posting on Usenet
a.. Never forget that the person on the other side is human.
b.. Don't assume that a person is speaking for their
organization.
c.. Be careful what you say about others.
d.. Be brief.
e.. Write well.
f.. Use descriptive subject lines.
g.. Think about your audience.
h.. Be careful with humor and sarcasm.
i.. Only post a message once.
j.. Use mail instead of posting a follow-up.
k.. Summarize what you are following up.
l.. Cite appropriate references.
m.. Mark answers or spoilers.
n.. Limit line length and avoid control characters.
o.. Please do not use Usenet as an advertising medium.
p.. Avoid posting to multiple newsgroups.
Never forget that the person on the other side is human.
Because your interaction is through a computer it is easy to
forget that there are people "out there." Situations arise in
which emotions erupt into a verbal free-for-all that can lead to
hurt feelings. Please remember that people all over the world are
reading your words. Do not attack people if you cannot persuade
them with your presentation of the facts. If you are upset at
something or someone, wait until you have had a chance to calm
down and think about it. Try not to say anything to others you
would not say to them in person in a room full of people.
Don't assume that a person is speaking for their organization.
Many people who post to Usenet do so from machines at their office
or school. Despite that, never assume that the person is speaking
for the organization that they are posting their articles from
(unless the person explicitly says so). Some people put explicit
disclaimers to this effect in their messages, but this is a good
general rule. If you find an article offensive, consider taking it
up with the person directly, or ignoring it.
Be careful what you say about others.
You read these posts; so do millions of other people. This group
quite possibly includes people you know and care about.
Information posted on the net can come back to haunt you or the
person you are talking about. Think twice before you post personal
information about yourself or others. Posting personal information
even in the most innocuous groups can be extremely hazardous. If
you don't want it known by a large segment of the world's
population, don't post it.
Be brief.
Never say in ten words what you can say in fewer. The longer you
make your article, the fewer people will bother to read it.
Write well.
Most people on Usenet will know you only by what you say and how
well you say it. Take the time to make sure your posting will not
embarrass you later. Minimize spelling errors and make sure the
article is easy to read and understand. Avoid the temptation to
WRITE IN ALL CAPS when you want to make a point. Writing is an art
that requires practice. You are your words on Usenet. Choose them
carefully.
Use descriptive subject lines.
The subject line enables a person with limited time to decide
whether or not to read your article. A title like "Car for Sale"
posted to rec.autos doesn't convey as much as "66 MG Midget for
sale: Campbell CA". Keep your subjects short and to the point.
Think about your audience.
When you post an article, think about the people you are trying to
reach. Asking UNIX questions on rec.autos will not reach as many
of the people you want to reach as if you asked them on
comp.unix.questions or comp.unix.internals. Try to get the most
appropriate audience for your message, not the widest.
It is considered bad form to post to a general interest group like
misc.misc, soc.net-people, or misc.wanted and then post the same
message to some other, more targeted newsgroup. If it belongs in
the targeted newsgroup, it does not belong in the broader one.
If your message is of interest to a limited geographic area
(apartments, car sales, meetings, concerts, etc...), restrict the
distribution of the message to your local area. Look for
newsgroups targeting users interested in your particular
geographic region.
Be familiar with the group you are posting to before you post. You
shouldn't post to groups you do not read, or post to groups you've
only read a few articles from - you may not be familiar with the
ongoing conventions and themes of the group. One normally does not
join a conversation by just walking up and talking. Instead,
listen first and then join in if you have something pertinent to
contribute.
Be careful with humor and sarcasm.
Without the voice inflections and body language of personal
communications, it is easy for a remark meant to be funny to be
misinterpreted. Subtle humor tends to get lost, so take steps to
make sure that people realize you are trying to be funny. The net
has developed symbols called emoticons to help convey emotions. A
common one is :-) for a smiley face (look at it sideways) which
should be interpreted as 'this is meant to be funny'.
Be aware that frequently satire is posted without any explicit
warnings. If you find an article outrageous, ask yourself if it
may be intentionally inflammatory. Don't post a self-righteous
rebuttal if you suspect someone is just fishing for users with low
humor thresholds.
Only post a message once.
Avoid posting messages to more than one newsgroup unless you are
sure it is appropriate. If you do post to multiple newsgroups, do
not post to each group separately. Instead, specify all the groups
on a single copy of the message. This reduces network overhead and
lets people who subscribe to more than one of those groups see the
message once instead of having to wade through each copy.
Use mail instead of posting a follow-up.
Frequently, when someone asks a question, many people send out
identical answers. This leads to congestion and confusion. It's
better to email your answer directly to the poster and suggest
they summarize to the network. That way, others only see a single
copy of the answer, no matter how many people respond. Just click
on the author's name in the article view to launch an email form.
Summarize what you are following up.
When you follow up an existing article, Google Groups includes the
full article in quotes, with the cursor at the top of the article.
Tempting though it is to just start typing your message, please
STOP and do two things first. Look at the quoted text and delete
parts that are irrelevant. Then, go to the BOTTOM of the article
and start typing there. Doing this makes it much easier for your
readers to get through your post. They'll have a reminder of the
relevant text before your comment, but won't have to re-read the
entire article. And if your reply appears on a site before the
original article does, they'll get the gist of what you're talking
about.
Cite appropriate references.
If you are using facts to support a cause, state where they came
from. Don't take someone else's ideas and use them as your own.
You don't want someone pretending that your ideas are theirs; show
them the same respect. For example, much of this FAQ was derived
from a post that has been widely disseminated across Usenet. You
can find that post here.
Mark answers and spoilers.
When you post something that might spoil a surprise for other
people (like a movie review that gives away the ending), please
mark your message with a warning so that readers can skip the
message if they don't want to know that particular detail.
Limit line length and avoid control characters.
Try to keep your lines of text to less than 80 characters for
optimal readability. If people quote part of your article in a
followup, short lines will show up better. Hitting return when you
get to the end of the Google Groups entry form will put a line
break after each 80 characters.
Please do not use Usenet as an advertising medium.
Advertisements on Usenet are rarely appreciated. In general, the
louder or more inappropriate the ad is, the more antagonism it
stirs up. Just think how annoying it is to you to have your
evening meal interrupted by a telemarketer. The feeling is the
same when someone posts inappropriate commercial messages in a
newsgroup. If in doubt, don't do it.
Avoid posting to multiple newsgroups.
Few things annoy Usenet readers as much as multiple copies of a
posting appearing in multiple newsgroups (called "spamming"). A
posting that is cross-posted (i.e. lists multiple newsgroups on
the Newsgroups: header line) to a few appropriate newsgroups is
fine, but even with cross-posts, restraint is advised.
###
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