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[Sara Legath]

Itis the largest and most significant release from the National Declassification Center, which was created by a 2009 Executive Order from then-President Barack Obama in order to improve transparency. The files provide further detail on how the U.S. Embassy kept track of the mass killings, as well as hoped to undermine labor movements, as the country transitioned into the Suharto military dictatorship.

Simpson led a team of seven volunteers who helped scan and digitize the documents, which will be posted online in a searchable database. It was a labor of love, but worth it given the nature of modern research, said Simpson, who founded the Documentation Project in 2002. The government is only required to hand over physical files that are marked for declassification, which is unwieldy for subsequent scholars interested in the material.

It is hard to overstate the impact of the documentaries The Act of Killing and The Look of Silence, which are respectively about the perpetrators and victims of the 1965-66 killings, on the renewed conversation over Indonesia's mid-century anti-Communist purge. For a long time the issue was verboten, even though so many families were personally impacted by it.

Thanks to John Roosa, Geoffrey Robinson, and Jess Melvin for assistance with selecting and annotating documents, Vannessa Hearman for translating this Electronic Briefing Book into Indonesian, and to Milorad Lazik, Luke Monteiro, Sarah Conroy, Jack French, Austin Koppel, Alan Gibson, Jennifer Satlin, and Ariel Santikarma for help with scanning and digitizing documents.

The 39 documents made available today come from a collection of nearly 30,000 pages of files constituting much of the daily record of the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, from 1964-1968. The collection, much of it formerly classified, was processed by the National Declassification Center in response to growing public interest in the remaining U.S. documents concerning the mass killings of 1965-1966. American and Indonesian human rights and freedom of information activists, filmmakers, as well as a group of U.S. Senators led by Tom Udall (D-NM), had called for the materials to be made public.

Of the 30,000 pages processed by the NDC, several hundred documents remain classified and are undergoing further review before their scheduled release in early 2018. While some of the documents in this collection were declassified and deposited at NARA or the Lyndon Johnson Presidential Library in the late 1990s, many thousands of pages are being made available for the first time in more than 50 years.

The documents in the files of the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta range widely, from the daily operations of the Embassy to observations on Indonesian politics, economics, foreign policy, military affairs, the growing conflict between the United States and Sukarno, the conflict between the Army and PKI, the September 30th Movement and the mass killings that followed, and the consolidation of the Suharto regime. While most of the documents in this briefing book concern the events of September 30, 1965, and their aftermath, we have included a handful of others to give a sense of the range and historical significance of the larger collection for an understanding of the broader consolidation of the Suharto regime.

The U.S. consul in Medan, Robert Blackburn, reports that Army officials in Medan have overruled local authorities using powers claimed under the DWIKORA Commands issued by President Sukarno to extend additional powers to the Armed Forces in the context of the military confrontation with Britain over the formation of Malaysia. On October 1, as historian Jess Melvin has shown, local military commanders in Medan would use the same powers to declare martial law and launch the first mass killings against alleged PKI supporters.

The thousands of files from the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta covering 1963-66 were made public Tuesday after a declassification review that began under the Obama administration. The Associated Press reviewed key documents in the collection in advance of their release.

The files fill out the picture of a devastating reign of terror by the Indonesian army and Muslim groups that has been sketched by historians and in a U.S. State Department volume that was declassified in 2001 despite a last-minute CIA effort to block its distribution.

The first Indonesian transmigration program that the World Bank financed (Transmigration I) involved the areas of Baturaja and Way Abung. Transmigration II involved the areas of Rimbo Bujang, Alai Hilir, and Singkut along the trans-Sumtra highway in Jambi province. The files in this series are primarily on those locations, with additional files on topics such as cassava and land tenure. Davis incorporated in the files documents from her previous work on Indonesia, such as a bibliography from 1972, and writings from other Indonesia specialists that she used. The files Baturaja - Way Abung Computer Analysis and Notes include notes that Davis made in 1976.

Some interview notes are included, as are maps, documents from the Government of Indonesia, reports from consultants, and a draft of Beyond Subsistence: A Report on the Agricultural Economies of Way Abung and Baturaja, a study prepared by Davis. The Way Abung file includes summaries based on a brief survey of 240 informants in 12 WA villages and supplementary material from a report from IPB Bogor based on interviews with 90 migrant families. A survey was conducted in the Rimbobujang area, and the files contain information, data, and analysis from that survey.

While most of the files relate to the geographic areas included in the transmigration program review that was conducted between 1979 and 1981, the series also includes a file on a review of the North Sumatra smallholder development project. At the end of the series is a file containing progress reports 3 through 10 on the South Sumatra and Lampung Transmigration and Rural Development Project, prepared for the Government of Indonesia by its consultants.

Dr. Richard W. Franke is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University. Franke served on the board of the now defunct U.S. branch of TAPOL, a UK-based advocacy organization initially formed in 1973 to support political prisoners in Indonesia. This collection contains Dr. Franke's research material related to the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, the East Timor genocide, and Indonesian political prisoners. The collection consists of correspondence, publications, reports, articles, clippings, manuscripts, and a small grouping of photographs, other print material and memorabilia.

Dr. Richard W. Franke is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Montclair State University, after serving on the faculty from 1972 to 2009. Franke wrote and advocated extensively on the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. Franke also served on the board of the now defunct U.S. branch of TAPOL (located in Montclair, NJ), a UK-based advocacy organization initially formed in 1973 to support political prisoners in Indonesia. Their mission later expanded to encompass general human rights concerns in Indonesia and East Timor. Franke edited the U.S. Tapol Bulletin, the official publication of TAPOL USA, from 1975 until 1980.

Materials from each series, with the exception of the photographic materials, were physically grouped together with little further arrangement. Oversize materials and audio visual materials were separated out and appropriately housed.

The collection is organized into eight series: I. Publications and Reports; II. Subject Files; III. Articles and Clippings; IV. Correspondence; V. Franke's Writings; VI. Photographic Materials; VII. Graphic Materials and Memorabilia; VIII. Unprocessed Audiovisual Materials.

The Richard W. Franke Files on Indonesia and East Timor contains research material dating from 1961-1991 related to Indonesia's genocidal occupation of East Timor, which lasted from 1975 to 1999. The bulk of the collection is dated 1975-1980 and consists of articles and clippings from U.S and international news media, and publications and reports from human rights and advocacy organizations. The articles and clippings reflect the news coverage of the Indonesian occupation and other writings on the history, politics, and culture of Indonesia, East Timor, and other Asian and Pacific Island nations. The publications and reports, as well as the subject files, and correspondence, details the advocacy work of organizations such as TAPOL USA and UK, East Timor Defense Committee, and Amnesty International. Many of the organizations are US, UK, and Australia based. Much of the correspondence reflects Franke's work with TAPOL and other activist or advocacy groups. The collection also contains a substantial number UN and US. Congressional records, predominantly statements and testimonies. A small number of materials reflect liberation struggles of Western Sahara, Asian and Pacific Island nations and peoples. There is a small number of photographic and graphic materials, and memorabilia related to the work and causes of TAPOL and other political and human rights groups.

Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archive has no information about copyright ownership for this collection and is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce materials from it. Materials in this collection, which were created in circa 1960-circa 1990, are expected to enter the public domain in 2110.

Audiovisual materials have not been preserved and may not be available to researchers. Materials not yet digitized will need to have access copies made before they can be used. To request an access copy, or if you are unsure if an item has been digitized, please contact tamimen...@nyu.edu, (212) 998-2630 with the collection name, collection number, and a description of the item(s) requested. A staff member will respond to you with further information.

In September 2011, approximately one hundred issues of the Tapol Bulletin (UK), Tapol Bulletin (US), Southeast Asian Chronicle, Indonesia: feiten en meningen, and the East Timor Estafeta were separated for cataloging, as were a couple dozen books.

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