Chimamanda Adichie -- http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/chi_hant/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story.html -- nice to watch and think

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Sep 20, 2010, 7:39:40 PM9/20/10

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Chimamanda Adichie

http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/chi_hant/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story.html

About this talk

我們的生活與文化充滿著各種故事，小說家Chimamanda Adichie分享她找到「真正的非洲聲音」，並告誡大家，如果對於某人某地，我們只有單一故事，將會導致傷害人的偏見。

Translated into Chinese (Traditional) by Adrienne Lin
Reviewed by Jimmy Yeh
Comments? Please email the translators above.

More talks translated into Chinese (Traditional) »

About Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Inspired by Nigerian history and tragedies all but forgotten by recent generations of westerners, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novels and stories are jewels in the crown of diasporan literature. Full bio and more links

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Michael Gonzalez (+2)
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6 days ago: To be clear, I'm merely saying that "America" is not a continent. "North America" is a continent. And "South America" is also a continent. However, when one refers to an "American", they assume reference to a person from the United States of America, and I don't see how that's any less appropriate than assuming a "People's Republic of China"-ese is actually a "Chinese" person.

It's semantics, and doesn't speak to her issue with confusing "Africa" for a country. Calling Africa a country is assuming all Africans have the same story, and lumping together HUGELY diverse cultures in the popular mentality.
- Pablo Estrada (0)
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  1 day ago: hmmm unfortunately, I have to point you wrong.
  The original name of the whole continent is "America", including North and South America. ¿Why? After cartographer Amerigo Vespucci, who mapped THE CONTINENT, not the country.
  For some reason, yet unknown to me, when the US were founded, they decided to call themselves US of America.
  Being that the US are such an important country in the international scene, it is understandable that people started forgetting that America is a whole continent, and that some country decided to take that name.
  In any Latin American country, you would have to say "US-ian" (it's spanish, french or portuguese equivalent), because we don't call 'Americans' like that. 'Cause we consider America is a continent. For Latin American people, the US are precisely the United States, not America.
  It is indeed dangerous to have one only story, huh?
Michael Gonzalez (+2)
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6 days ago: As to the question of Americans (and, it is salient to note that we don't call them "U.S.-ians") calling their country "America", rather than "The United States of America", consider this: "The United States of America" is a description. It is not a name. It describes a coalition of states belonging (and comprising) "America". It would be like faulting the people from "The People's Republic of China" for calling their homeland "China", and themselves "Chinese".

Now, it is an unfortunate matter that the continents of North America and South America also have "America" as part of their name, and thus confusion is possible (though, if we're being pragmatic, it is unlikely). However, could not such ones (including the "U.S.-ians") consider themselves *North* Americans and *South* Americans? As such "American" means "U.S.-ian" (since "USA" is a description, not a name), and "North American" or "South American" means something else. Am I mistaken?
Yusuf Paşa (+16)
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Sep 13 2010: when we reject the single story, when we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.

this is what we need to understand as she mentioned.
Nadim Tovío (0)
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Sep 11 2010: love her...and her stories...
arwa rikabi (+2)
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Sep 8 2010: this is ammazing ..."start a story with the arrows of the native americans not with the arrival of the british and you have a diferent story"...the powerful define the framework and eventually the powerless (or less powerful) internalize this framework which is the most dangerous form of mental slavery ...i love this woman :)
- Manuel De la Rosa (0)
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  Sep 10 2010: I agree. What a wonderful person!
Yusuf Paşa (+16)
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Sep 4 2010: I can extend the list as much as you want to hear and know.

As I said in every single example, If you don’t know these stories I mentioned, you have just a single story about Kurds : “They are fighting against to Government” / "They are uneducated" / "They don't know what does civilization means"

Because they werent allowed to be educated and meet with the world with their identity and this is the another story...

Thank you for sharing this amazing talk.
Yusuf Paşa (+16)
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Sep 4 2010: If you don’t know what does it mean that your about 4.500 villages were burned by the army to intimidate,
If you don’t know what does it mean that 17.000 civil people in your nation are killed by the secret service which is related to army and their bodies are found in the acid valleys, in the ash can, in the canalizations etc…
If you don’t know what does it mean that 180.000 people of your nation are slaughtered with chemical weapons (Saddam Hossein)
If you don’t know what does it mean that 3 million people of your nation have to immigrate from their lands,
If you don’t know what does it mean that the government doesn’t open schools in your land in order to avoid your education intentionally (it is too old story, not currently)
If you don’t know what does it mean that the government and army don’t allow your representation in the legislature (in the past again)
Yusuf Paşa (+16)
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Sep 4 2010: For example;
If you don’t know what does it mean that your identity is banned and when you express that you are Kurdish, you are punished.
If you don’t know what does it mean that the army says “Everybody is our enemy who doesn’t say that I’m Turkish” in their memorandum which is published just 3 years ago.
If you don’t know what does it mean that according to the constitution it is forbidden to say “I’m not Turkish, I’m Kurdish”
If you don’t know what does it mean that your language is banned even speaking on the street and if you speak it you are locked up(be jailed)
If you don’t know what does it mean that your identity is denied and for 80 years government says “There is nobody in the name of Kurdish in Turkey” despite that 20 Million lives currently.
Yusuf Paşa (+16)
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Sep 4 2010: If you just read a single story about Kurdish people, you just know the war, you just know that they are fighting against to government. Against to Turkey, Against to Iraq, Against to Iran.
But If you think to read more stories or if you are willing to listen more about Kurds from somebody has an knowledge or experiences in Kurdish lands, your single story will be broken by many many stories which is told by the first person.
Yusuf Paşa (+16)
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Sep 4 2010: I've felt very closer to Chimamanda's story when I listened her talk in first time.
There is something similar and common things than most people realize.
I'm Kurdish who was born in a metropol as Istanbul, whenever people find out that I'm Kurdish, always I face with same question : "Are you really Kurdish, I never think that you are..."
In just the same way Chimamanda experienced, sometimes I hear questions after I hear “Are you really Kurdish?”, next one is : “You don’t look like Kurds" / "Your Turkish is quite good as much as Turks" / "How did you learn English?”

Even when I came from Urfa-I stayed 1 year in my homeland- (North Kurdistan-East Of Turkey) and when I was talking with one of my friends about a book I read that mostly unknown, I heard a question : "Kurds read a book?"

As the Chimamanda mentioned, the single story creates stereotypes and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are true, but that they are incomplete.
Felipe Serna (0)
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Jul 12 2010: Thing to have in mind

She's brilliant, but i have a comment for her, America is not a country as africa isn't one either, America is a continent in which you can find many countries like Peru, Bolivia, Guatemala, EEUU, Colombia, etc.

She felt bad about people speaking about Africa as a country but she does the same with America. i really hope she take it on count for next speeches. Thing to have in mind
- Ramatu Agbede (+5)
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  Jul 25 2010: I think she knows that, she is only making references like any body who is from the US. I have met people from the US and many call the US America and not any other thing, most Africans myself included will never describe ourselves as African unless someone made that reference for us. She has made valid points I think we should get the message and stop picking at the unintended lapses. Hope to see more of your comments
- Glenn Bassett (0)
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  Jul 27 2010: Right. So when Obama says "God bless America", he's referring to Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Chile! Well you learn something every day...
  - oscar izarra (+1)
    
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    Jul 30 2010: ... Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and many more countries. If you like to be politically and technically correct: God bless The United States of America. I always thought it was a bit arrogant when USA people refers to their country as America. I'm glad you leaned something here.
    - Esther Schmeer (+1)
      
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      Aug 22 2010: I always thought it was a bit arrogant to say "God bless (the United States of) America". (and damn the rest of the world?)
    - Joseph Lara (0)
      
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      Sep 1 2010: growing up I often thought the same, on how arrogant it was for people from the US to call themselves Americans, but I realize it comes from my youth growing up in Ecuador. Thinking back, I often imagine our country (Ecuador) was left behind by God, as stated in such phrase.
- Martin Bermea (0)
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  Aug 4 2010: When Obama says "God bless America" I think he only means The 50 states. You see, in American English, America refers only to the U.S.A. When an american refers to the American Continent, he usually says: The Americas.
  - Laury Burr (0)
    
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    Aug 17 2010: This is true, Martin. But surely the point being made here is that we English speakers (and it's as true in British English as in American English) are wrong to confuse the use of the word"America" in this way just as we are wrong to use the word "Africa" as if it's a country.
    
    Having said that, I'm guilty of the former though - when I remember it - I often refer to "the USA" just to avoid ambiguity.
- Miriam Shelton (0)
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  Aug 8 2010: America is BOTH the name of a continent and also the shortenend name of a country. While referring to the USA as "America" understandably leaves non-USA American feeling invisible, it will take a significant shift to establish an alternative common name for the USA. It seems awkward, but we also thought that when we first started saying things like "he or she," "his or her" when the goal was to avoid women feeling left out from the previous common practice of speaking of he to represent everyone. Latin Americans will also have to come up with a new way to refer to the USA, besides Norteamerica, because this also renders Canada and Mexico invisible.
  - Laury Burr (0)
    
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    Aug 17 2010: Sorry to "jump in" here Miriam - but why not say "United States", "Estados Unidos", or simply "USA"?
    
    For the record, we in the UK have a similar problem. Many of us otten say "English" when we mean "British"!!
  - Soledad Arocena (0)
    
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    Aug 20 2010: Miriam, as far as I´m concerned not many latin americans call the States as Norteamerica. Sometimes, and because we heard the world a million times, we call the USA citizens as americanos, but we always know who canadians and mexicans are. The problem, I think, is on the name, The United States of America: we can call them United Staters but it doesn´t sound that good. The same in spanish, the word is estadounidenses which makes it quite hard to say. But is true that most south americans, mexicans and canadians feel unconfortable with the use of the noun America as a nationality. By the way, in 1507 the name reffered only to the southern part of the continent, which Americo Vespucio had visited and cartographed, and only a few years later central and northern parts of the continent were included in the name America.
    - Rachel Ford (0)
      
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      Aug 27 2010: I think the problem is that the word America lies within the name of the USA. So the only thing people from the United States can comfortably be called is American. Even if they were called United Statesians, it could cause problems because of a country to the south called The United States of Mexico. (If we were going to get picky.)
      
      I'm from Canada, I'm called Canadian. People from United Arab Emirates are called Emiraties. People from the United States of America are called Americans, people from the United States of Mexico are called Mexicans. People from Brazil are called Brazilians. It doesn't mean the rest of us are not Americans, just that the WORD America is not in our country name.
      
      As for the bigger problem of the rest of North, Central, and South America not being invisible to the United States: Beyond a name!
- Paulina Castellá (+1)
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  Aug 27 2010: I totally agree with Felipe Serna.
  I live in Chile and I am an American...
  How can we let her know she is missussing the term?????
  I call the "Estadounidenses". I never refer to the as "americanos"
- Rachel Ford (0)
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  Aug 27 2010: It's pretty different from the point she's raising. It would be more similar if the only thing people ever called people from Peru, Argentina, and Brazil was "South American" as though there was no difference between the countries.
marlon brooks (-1)
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Aug 27 2010: thats nice how she is from nigeria and she reads books, that means she wants to go somewhere and be somebody
- Olugbenga Olufeagba (+3)
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  Aug 28 2010: Are you saying Nigerians are not expected to be readers? Did you learn anything from the danger of a single story?
Rachel Ford (0)
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Aug 27 2010: Beautiful. She's incredible and what she says is so true.
Flávia Corrêa (0)
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Aug 27 2010: She's right! It's the same thing that happens in relation to Brazil, the only story on Brazil causes them to think that here is only forests, Indians and carnival. Here in Brazil we live like civilized people, but the world does not know this other side "normal" here.
leopoldo maler (0)
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Aug 23 2010: This is true TRUE, I lived 20 years in London and when declaring my nationality I was more than often asked whether I was a rancher or a Polo player( great privilege at first hand.....) As soon as I moved to the USA and when declaring my Argentine nationality I would normally be told :"But you don't look Hispanic......"
luba hussain (+9)
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Oct 7 2009: Nice Talk
SINGLE STORY
same happening with muslims now
single story fits all
muslim = terrorist................
this must change
be human think human :)
with brain :)
USE IT BEFORE ITS DEAD :)
WHAT IF PEOPLE THINK AND USE BRAIN AND NOT BELIVE SINGLE STORY
OF ALL MUSLIMS if some are terrorist ( the totally not at all muslims or people who not at all know meaning of ISLAM = PEACE
making wrong impression of all muslims
we in pakistan hate terrorist but
we thought and perseived terrorist
we in pakistan are doctors , teachers, every noble profession
not all pakistani are terrorist...
our people are being killed in sucidal blast
sucide is biggest SIN IN ISLAM
media SINGLE stories again
story can break dignity
I ASK YOU ALL TO RE MAKE THE DIGNITY
REJECT THE SINGLE STORY
MAKE WORLD PARADISE
LOVE ALL
BE HUMAN
REJECT NEGETIVE
BE POSITIVE
ONLY IF WE CHANGE OURSELF FIRST
THE WORLD WILL CHANGE THEN
PEACE AND LOVE FOR ALL
THIS IS ISLAM
me A MUSLIM PAKISTANI
- Matt Porowski (+65)
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  Oct 7 2009: I think it could be argued that Religion is a point of view, and thus one story about everyone else. When you live a life through the lens of religion you get one story for all other peoples outside of your own circle. By being assumed into a religion you must have the idea "im right, they are wrong" otherwise you would not ascribe to it in the first place.
  
  That idea (religion, and all religious like things) in itself is divisive, and its about things that no one can figure out, possibly not even fully understand, is highly unlikely, and lastly never have real proof for.
  
  I've noticed that Islamic apologists like Christian apoligists always start the argument off with " but we never meant this to happen".
  The nature reading is that everyone "reads into" things differently, if something is predisposed to such thinking, it takes very little to gain that idea.
  
  I've been somewhat antagonistic here, but i`d like to point out that people replace religion with other things and do thesame
  - Olaitan Eyiowuawi (-1)
    
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    Aug 20 2010: Matt, this is a brilliant conclusion. Chimamanda's native Nigeria has become a hotbed of religious fundamentalism with very limited cerebral and objective discourse. Kids hardly old enough to comprehend 5 letter words have been indoctrinated into inherited convictions of faith seen through the prism of often barely literate religious leaders with messages of prosperity and divine healing. It's become such a cancer now that even universities that should be avenues for boundless enquiries are now no more than pseudo-religious houses.
- KRISHNA BAALU (-39)
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  Nov 30 2009: True Ms Luba Hussain
  
  The single story on MUSLIMS in general has been circulating since long and spoiling others. The same case with Hindus too. Single story of HINDUS and HINDUISM is creating similar impressions outside too We Indians at present getting the feeling of your country Pakistan as similar to Afganistan ravaged with war, blasts, killings, split bodies, dust, heat, blood and crime but nothing else, no computers, educations, research, development, progress, technology? Our TV's here cover your country only in the event of a bomb blast, and repeated shows gives an impression as if your country pakistan possess nothing other than Tali ban, Lashkar. Yes your Government is bad, but not people. you are nice people after all we were brothers and sisters till yesterday. Same case with our Country- Hinduism is highly scientific in its outlook, rich in content.We Hindus are modern secular, educated, progressive, but our image outside is bad. Due to SINGLE STOR
Grantlin Banks (+1)
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Jan 1 2010: Look at mainstream media. It is filled with single stories about one segment of society. Sounds like racial profiling to me.
- Dominique Teng (+2)
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  Jan 14 2010: It may be so, but it is up to everyone of us to keep an open mind and learn to look at things differently.
- Olaitan Eyiowuawi (-1)
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  Aug 20 2010: With the the type of newsfeed available in the USA, a lot of kids are going to grow up believing that Canada is in Europe and Mexico is a country in Asia. The world's most popular sport is only given a flippant mention whilst a number uniquely national sports are "World Series"
Alasdair Murray (+1)
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Feb 9 2010: Great video. For the record though, I'm English and grew up in England, and I have no idea what ginger beer is either...
- Tumi Jegede (-6)
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  May 15 2010: I think you've completely missed the point of the speech.
  
  EVERYONE here knows that and I'm sure she does too.
- Laury Burr (0)
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  Aug 17 2010: However, at least in England we can go to the supermarket and buy a bottle if we want to!
Joseph Stakelskin (-5)
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Jul 25 2010: Something Strikes me here.It's the first time I see on Ted a Speaker speaks behind a box...Is it because of her pretty legs or because of her tremendous buttocks or both her pretty legs and tremendous buttocks.
Really,guys,this Woman surely is a perfect Woman.Not only she is brilliant,but also she is very pretty.She was perfectly shaped by God.DAMN.

Congratulations to Ted for having found a so brilliant woman.
- Kevin Wehmhoefer (0)
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  Jul 26 2010: Are you kidding me?
  - Joseph Stakelskin (-5)
    
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    Aug 2 2010: Sir Kevin,i'm really serious.Lol.Damn she is Beautiful.
    - Linda Woodard (+5)
      
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      Aug 12 2010: I am HOPING that Kevin's comment is because your comment centered around her LOOKS and her BODY! In this day and age??? YIKES!!!! Do you really think a woman from this group would say that about a man as a public comment??? DANG!!!! Get with the 21st century, Joe! Women CAN be beautiful and have brains...and NOT flaunt her sexuality.....
- jo march (+1)
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  Aug 17 2010: so, joe... when exactly are you planning to come out of your cave?
Krystian Aparta (+6)
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Aug 12 2010: The story about her novel being judged not authentically African reminds me of what the comedian Margaret Cho often talks about in her act. She grew up in San Francisco with her Korean emigrant parents. In her early twenties, she got a sitcom deal for a show depicting characters based on herself and her family, but after the first day of shooting the network said that she was not Asian enough, and too fat to play herself. In a very hilarious way, she recounts the not so funny time of her disastrous dieting, and an "Asian consultant" that the network hired following her on the set and instructing her on how to be more authentically Asian.
Edwin-Francisco Herrera-Paz (+1)
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Aug 11 2010: I think the issue is of actuality, regarding the anti immigration Law of Arizona. In this state the word "immigrant" is sinonimous of "criminal", when the truth is that most immigrants are actualy running from criminality an poorness in their own countries. It is for sure that America (our continent, not The United States of America) is a vast and multicultural territory with many, many different stories to tell.
¿Chimamanda? Well, I fall in love hearing this woman.
Keishla Ceaser-Jones (+5)
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Aug 3 2010: Wow! Great talk. I love the quote about stereotypes. I always tell my students that stereotypes are always rooted in some truth, but that they are conflated and magnified to abstraction.

As for the comments....as a woman, I am terribly concerned because I have never see a TED Talk by a man where people are whistling and catcalling about how hot or good looking the speaker was. This is really demeaning and degrading. Grow up gentleman. There is a time and place to compliment a woman on her looks, and a professional forum is not it!
Javier Méndez Guzmán (0)
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Jul 30 2010: Congratulations to TED Ideas Worth Spreading and specialty to Chimamanda Adichie for her great history. and the opportunity to be in the global world that you have given me to accept my registration. I hope to communicate with any of the speaker or organizers of events to send any ideas that can be posted on this website.
Tara Willett (0)
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Jul 22 2010: "The problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story". I love this part! I have been in a youth group for 6 years that promotes anti-racism, and I haven't heard a better definition of stereotypes than she has given here. I am SO going to use this!
- Mignon Ariel King (0)
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  Jul 28 2010: I'll thumb wrestle you for it :-) Fan-tas-tic definiton!
Brian Yoho (-1)
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Jun 18 2010: O.K. since you don't seem to get why people from the United States of America call themselves Americans, let me inform you. It's called the United States of America. You left that last part out in your argument, so maybe you didn't know that. So, there was nothing wrong with anything she said. No other country in either North or South America has America in their names so that's probably why those countries generally take their name from their own country's names. If you wanted to be technical, and frankly pedantic, all people from either North or South America are Americans. But, arguing pedantics is a pointless venture I must tell you. So, your argument has no basis here.

You mention the U.S. presenting a smudge free U.S. centered history to the world and you are correct, but this is not the video to be posting it under. Most large countries do this, but this is the age of the internet, the people will no longer be ignorant. We must spread idea.
- Ronald Ross (+2)
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  Jun 23 2010: None of these comments have explained why the United States started being called "America". The Congress of the newly formed union was in the process of choosing an appropriate name for their country. They settled on "Columbia". It was to be called "the United States of Columbia". However, before they were able to approve the new name, a country further south chose the name of "Colombia". The members of the new Congress, aware that they would now need to find a another name, left the matter for later, and they never got back to it. "United States" is not a name. It simply means "federation". Hence the country literally had no name. So someone added "America" onto "United States" and thus were born the United States of America, frequently (and unfortunately) shortened to "America".
  - Juan Oliverez (+1)
    
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    Jul 8 2010: I was taught that it was named after Amerigo Vespucci, a map maker, who basically named it after himself. Just as Cristobal Colon somehow becomes Cristopher Columbus or Mohtecuhzoma becomes Montezuma, Amerigo becomes America. I suppose a quick search would confirm or offer other explanations.
- Pedro Martin (+7)
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  Jul 1 2010: It is a pitty that so much space & time is consumed by something so petty (when compared to the compelling point made by Chimamanda Adichie). So some citizens of the United States call themselves Americans without knowing why, courtesy of their provincialism. So some citizens of Latin American countries take insult, courtesy of their own low self-esteem. I think both groups are prime examples of the single-story argument of this TED talk.
  - Okechukwu Ndumnego (+3)
    
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    Jul 18 2010: Bull's Eye! Pedro, Thank you.
- Javier López (0)
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  Jul 20 2010: When speaking about her trip to Mexico from the U.S., she said "as often happens in America, immigration became synonymus with Mexicans". She was not talking about Americans but about the United States of America, so I believe she made a mistake there, which is a pitty given her previous complaint about people confusing Africa with a country. Great speech anyway.
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This post has been removed by the author.
eunsi kim (+1)
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Jul 15 2010: Actually I really agree to her. I am Korean, and when I say korea to others, they usually think about N.korea. I, am a south korean. it is like a page of a book, like if you see it on this side of the story, it will look just terrible and sad. however, if you move to the other side, you'll see wonderful, glorious things. I think I'm also trapped in a single story with lots of issues. I should change my vision.(to anyone who is reading this: I'm sorry if there is a mistake. I'm only fifteen so my writing skill is not that good^^;;
Christopher McMaster (+1)
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Jul 14 2010: Chimamanda articulates themes that STILL feed on our children’s minds. The single story lives and monocultures are taught from infancy to our children all the way to universities. We live in a world where lies, greed and self-gratification underscore and overshadow every act with adverse consequences for us. We have the answers but we are unwilling to sacrifice for the people we love and ultimately the race suffers. The Venus Project is not being discussed seriously despite its promise for clean, healthy living for everyone. The policymakers are too sated, myopic and racial to table any proposal designed to benefit those of us hued differently and they include the hued ones who allow the carrot of immediacy to distort the aim of true development.
I guess it will take disaster to prod brotherhood. Perhaps its not worth it.
Gil Lavie (+4)
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Jul 6 2010: She's bright as she is mesmerizingly good looking.