Hi,
as you noticed, XtreemFS is not a trivial project. In fact, many researchers have contributed, and as a result the source code may not be of a quality you might expect from say, enterprise-level software.
They will invoke main classes in java/xtreemfs-servers (DIR, MRC, OSD), which you can then trace.
The cpp/ directory contains the client and fuse mount, which communicate via RPC/protobuf with the server components.
If you encounter anything specific, please come back with more questions. As for this general inquiry, the above is all that I can give you, as a general introduction to the source code would take too much time.
Thanks for understanding and good luck with your studies!
Cheers
Robert