Hey Jens,
A couple of things come to mind regarding containers that stop working.
Do any of your container definitions used the "latest" tag and were recently rebuilt? e.g.
>FROM postgres:latest
This can result in your images changing (on a rebuild) without you explicitly changing them.
The other thing that tends to cause problems with GPU containers is when the Docker server or GPU drivers are updated. Can you determine if either of these has happened recently?
Otherwise, take a look at the containers.log file after attempting a launch. There might be some clues in there. Feel free to share it here or privately (as long as it is free of PHI).
Best,
Matt