Sort of, yes. You can query the database to determine when resources were updated, which will tell you indirectly when the files within those resources were updated. Something like this:
SELECT r.uri
FROM xnat_abstractresource ar
LEFT JOIN xnat_abstractresource_meta_data armd ON ar.abstractresource_info = armd.meta_data_id
LEFT JOIN xnat_resource r ON ar.xnat_abstractresource_id = r.xnat_abstractresource_id
WHERE armd.last_modified > '2022-12-12';
That will return you a bunch of paths, something like:
# psql --username=xnat --no-align --tuples-only --file=uris.sql
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/1/DICOM/scan_1_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/2/DICOM/scan_2_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/3/DICOM/scan_3_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/4/DICOM/scan_4_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/5/DICOM/scan_5_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/6/DICOM/scan_6_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/7/DICOM/scan_7_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/8/DICOM/scan_8_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/9/DICOM/scan_9_catalog.xml
/Users/username/Development/XNAT/Home/data/archive/XNAT_01/arc001/XNAT_01_01_MR_02/SCANS/10/DICOM/scan_10_catalog.xml
You could then look in those catalog files (there’s a createdTime attribute for each entry) or just look directly at the files in the folder where the catalog file is located and get newer files from there.
Just to be clear, XNAT itself does not currently store the location of every file in the archive directly in the database, just the location of the resource catalog files, each of which in turn contains references to all of the files in that particular resource.