Hello,
Thanks for providing a sample.
Do I understand well, that the behavior you described can be seen both in Adobe InDesign (on your screen) and in PDF output files, relatively to Text frame that are tagged with Text Content Objets?
Then, I would guess that the issue is more due to the encoding of your data source. Particularly (but not only) if you data source is a CSV.
Your data source may be encoded in UTF-8, whereas your software may consider that it's encoded in a strictly single-byte encoding such as Windows-1252.