Test 7 FailuresProblem: Windows is ready to receive UPnP messages, but they are never arriving. When the test tool runs this test, it requests to map a port on the router (TCP 1345), and checks the routers response, if successful, it then deletes this port mapping.
This is the tricky problem to fix, as there are so many problems that can cause this. I will list as many as possible. Before doing anything, ensure you are running XP Service Pack 2, and if not, stop here, and go get it... If you are connecting via a USB device, also forget it.
Windows Problems
- You have installed another firewall in addition to the Windows firewall, and it's blocking the UPnP messages. (create a rule for UDP 1900 and TCP 2869)
- You have installed some other software that is interfering somehow with the UPnP messages. Norton Internet Security is a good example here. Many people still fail these tests, and it's down to the Norton/Symantec firewall. Bottom line: Remove it, or live without UPnP.
- You need to add the following optional networking components, in Control Panel, Add/Remove Windows Components, Networking: "Internet Gateway Device Discovery and Control Client" "UPnP User Interface"
Router Problems
- Your router does not support UPnP!! if you have a modem, stop now. UPnP will NOT work.
- Your router has a USB connection to your PC. UPnP will only work in NAT mode, which requires Ethernet connection (I believe).
- The UPnP service is not enabled on the router side (consult the hardware manufacturers documentation on how to enable it)
- The router is not broadcasting it's UPnP capabilities often enough. You may find after a while UPnP starts working, this is why. Some routers allow you to change the interval the UPnP data is sent, other have it set to stupidly high numbers.]
- You routers UPnP implementation is broken. Many are. I have a list of known good and bad configurations here All you can do, is check to see if your manufacturer has released a firmware update to fix things, or complain to them.
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upnp主要是方便家庭网络这样的小且私人的网络环境使用。校园网显然不是这类环境,应该不会支持它。其实,我印象中校园网大家都是有公开IP的,不用Nat才对。
在Nat后面的设备要想建立TCP连接肯定要麻烦些。首先,你需要一台在公网上的服务器协助检测Nat。如果通讯双方有一方是在公网上的,那就可以让在Nat后的一方主动发起连接。如果双方都在Nat后,通常的做法应该是通过服务器转发。也有采取端口猜测的方法的,过程比较复杂,还要看具体的设备是否可行。具体的方法可以在网上搜索。当然,要是有设备经过两次nat那就只能转发了。