Spread For Windows Forms
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This powerful WinForms spreadsheet component easily embeds Microsoft Excel-compatible spreadsheet functionality into .NET applications. Spread.NET provides a flexible and familiar spreadsheet/grid architecture, advanced charting, ribbon bar control, and a powerful formula library for creating financial modeling and risk analysis, budgeting, insurance, scientific, and many other enterprise applications. Develop in Visual Studio using C# or VB; editions for WinForms, ASP.NET, and WPF are included.
The mission of MESCIUS is to provide customers with the premier studio of innovative UI controls, tools, and solutions, including deep functionality reporting, analysis, and spreadsheet platforms. MESCIUS also provides the best .NET reporting solution available, ActiveReports; the fastest spreadsheet solution, Spread; 400+ .NET UI control collection, ComponentOne; 100+ JavaScript UI controls in Wijmo; and Document Solutions for Word, PDF, Imaging, and Excel.
Spread WinForms (SpreadWin) is a multi-functional spreadsheet that professional Visual Studio developers use to create windows and web applications for analysis, dashboard, data collection and management, scientific, financial and other similar programs. SpreadWin includes .NET spreadsheet components, template designers, charting components, extensive API, and more. The object model closely mirrors Excel and models the Visual Studio Tools for Office API so it is intuitive to use.
SpreadWin supports many popular features such as native Excel input and output, a powerful and extensible calculation engine with over 450+ functions and support for custom functions, iterative calculations, dynamic arrays, custom cell data types, charting, tables, slicers, sparklines, conditional formatting, international localization, printing, sorting, filtering, drag-fill, grouping, undo/redo, data validation, input controls, and much, much more.
Fire coming out of windows represents a potential danger for the upper floors in the same building and also for adjacent or nearby buildings. Contact with the oxygen in the air, the wind and the verticality of the surface of the faade are all factors which can cause fire to spread and significantly hamper the task of firefighters.
This meeting, jointly organised by the Barcelona Fire Service and the Barcelona School of Building Construction at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), seeks to address this issue from two points of view: regulatory prevention and extinction operations.
The meeting is directed at operational staff with the Barcelona Fire Service and the Catalan Fire Service, as well as project specialists, professional associations, municipal specialists, students and teaching staff at the UPC.
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Every building must be designed and constructed in such a way that in the event of an outbreak of fire within the building, the development of fire and smoke from the surfaces of walls and ceilings within the area of origin is inhibited.
The building contents are likely to be the first items ignited in a fire and are beyond the scope of this guidance. Materials used in walls and ceilings can however significantly affect the spread of fire and its rate of growth. Fire spread on internal linings in escape routes is particularly important because rapid fire spread in protected zones and unprotected zones could prevent the occupants from escaping.
Wall and ceiling surfaces mean the substrate or lining material including any treatment thereof to restrict flame spread, but excludes any decorative wallpaper or paints. Whilst it is accepted that such wallpaper or paints are not controlled by the guidance, multiple layers applied to the face of a wall or ceiling surface can increase flame spread and hence the fire growth rate. For this reason, multiple layers are not recommended when carrying out refurbishment work involving the re-decoration of wall and ceiling surfaces.
Limitations on higher risk surfaces - a room (other than a kitchen) not more than 4m2 may have wall and ceiling linings with a European Classification D. In a room (other than a kitchen) more than 4m2 the wall surfaces may also have a European Classification D subject to a maximum of 20m2 where the total area of European Classification D products is not more than half the floor area of the room.
Thermoplastic materials in ceilings, rooflights and lighting diffusers provide a significant hazard in a fire. Burning droplets can rapidly increase the fire growth rate and the smoke produced is normally dense and toxic which combine to produce extremely hazardous conditions. For these reasons, thermoplastic material should not be used in protected zones or fire-fighting shafts. However thermoplastic materials may still be used with limited application for some ceilings (see clause 2.5.5), rooflights (see clause 2.5.6) or light fittings with diffusers (see clause 2.5.7).
A thermoplastic material means any synthetic material that has a softening point below 200 C when tested in accordance with BS EN ISO 306: 2004 Method A120 Plastics - Thermoplastic Materials - Determination of Vicat softening temperature.
any other rigid thermoplastic product, a specimen of which (at the thickness of the product as put on the market), when tested in accordance with Method 508A in BS 2782: 2004 performs so that the test flame extinguishes before the first mark, and the duration of flaming or afterglow does not exceed 5 seconds following removal of the burner.
other products which, when a specimen of the material more than 1.5mm and not more than 3mm thick is tested in accordance with Method 508A in BS 2782: 2004, has a rate of burning which is not more than 50mm/minute.
A ceiling constructed from thermoplastic materials, either as a suspended or stretched skin membrane with a TP(a) flexible classification should be supported on all its sides and each panel should not exceed 5m2. However this does not apply to a ceiling which has been satisfactorily tested as part of a fire resisting ceiling system. A ceiling with a TP(a) flexible classification should not be installed in the ceiling of a protected zone or fire-fighting shaft.
Thermoplastic materials may be used in light fittings with diffusers. Where the lighting diffuser forms an integral part of the ceiling, the size and disposition of the lighting diffusers should be installed in accordance with the table and diagram below.
Where light fittings with thermoplastic diffusers do not form an integral part of the ceiling, the amount of thermoplastic material is unlimited provided the lighting diffuser is designed to fall out of its mounting when softened by heat.
A sandwich panel is a factory-made, non load-bearing component of a wall, ceiling or roof consisting of a panel having an insulated core filling the entire area between sheet metal outer facings, which may or may not have decorative and/or weatherproof coatings.
The Delhi High Court said today that one of its committees was looking into use of fans instead of ACs, once the COVID-19 lockdown is lifted, and disposed of a plea which claimed the virus will spread more in centrally air-conditioned buildings if precautions not taken.
A bench of Chief Justice DN Patel and Justice C Hari Shankar said that a special committee, set up by the high court to prepare a plan to meet possible post-lockdown challenges, was already seized of the issue raised in the application and therefore, there was no need for it to further hear the matter.
The special committee, headed by Justice Hima Kohli, had on April 28 held a meeting in which it had asked the public works department (PWD) to conduct a survey on the types, like ceiling, pedestal and wall fans, and quantity of fans required.
The PWD was also directed by the committee to ensure that all windows, which would be left open for air circulation, have proper net/mesh so that no insects or mosquitoes enter inside the court building.
The committee took these decisions after it was informed by the PWD that procuring and installing ultra-violet germicide irradiation devices at huge expense would not guarantee complete eradication of all the virus, germs and particles including COVID-19.
Mr Mittal, also the head of the Bar Council of Delhi, had in his application contended that "the cough, sneeze or tear dispersal of an infected person would be in aerosol form" and the "same can be picked, ingested and circulated by the central air-conditioning units", like the ones installed in the high court.
He had also contended that while droplet infection can be dealt with by sterilization, once aerosol infection enters the air ducts of the central air-conditioning system, it could potentially infect dozens if not hundreds of persons present in a building.
Central government standing counsel Ajay Digpaul, who appeared for the Central Public Works Department, placed before the bench the guidelines issued by the civic body on April 22 with regard to cleaning and maintenance of AC units.
Delhi government additional standing counsel Sanjoy Ghose and advocate Naman, appearing for the PWD, told the bench that it had a meeting with the committee on April 23 and 28 and will have another one next week on the issue of installation of fans.
DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADECANBERRAInternational Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures[under the auspices of the International Convention for the Safety of Life atSea [SOLAS] of 1 November 1974](London, 5 December 1996)Entry into force for Australia and generally: 1 July 1998AUSTRALIAN TREATY SERIES1998 No. 30 Commonwealth of Australia 2000ADOPTION[1] OF THE INTERNATIONAL CODEFOR APPLICATION OF FIRE TEST PROCEDURESTHE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE,RECALLING Article 28(b) of the Convention on the International MaritimeOrganization concerning the functions of the Committee,RECOGNIZING the need to provide a mandatory application of fire test proceduresrequired by Chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Lifeat Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended,NOTING Resolution MSC.57(67) by which it adopted, inter alia, amendmentsto Chapter II-2 of the SOLAS Convention to make the provisions of theInternational Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) mandatoryunder that Convention on or after 1 July 1998,HAVING CONSIDERED, at its sixty-seventh session, the text of the proposed FTPCode,1.ADOPTS the International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTPCode) the text of which is set out in the Annex to the present Resolution;2.NOTES that under the amendments to Chapter II-2 of the SOLAS Convention,amendments to the FTP Code should be adopted, brought into force and shall takeeffect in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII of that Conventionconcerning the amendments procedures applicable to the Annex to the Conventionother than Chapter I;3.REQUESTS the Secretary-General to transmit certified copies of the presentResolution and the text of the FTP Code contained in the Annex to allContracting Governments to the Convention;4.FURTHER REQUESTS the Secretary-General to transmit copies of this Resolutionand the Annex to all Members of the Organization which are not ContractingGovernments to the Convention.INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR APPLICATION OF FIRE TEST PROCEDURES1SCOPE1.1This Code is intended for use by the Administration and the competentauthority of the flag State when approving products for installation in shipsflying the flag of the flag State in accordance with the fire safetyrequirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, as amended.1.2This Code shall be used by the testing laboratories when testing andevaluating products under this Code.2APPLICATION2.1This Code is applicable for the products which are required to be tested,evaluated and approved in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code asreferenced in the Convention.2.2Where reference to the Code is indicated in the Convention by theterminology "... in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code" the subjectproduct shall be tested in accordance with the applicable fire test procedureor procedures as referred to in paragraph 4.1.2.3Where reference is only made to a product's fire performance in theConvention using such terminology as "... and their exposed surfaces shall havelow flame spread characteristics", the subject product shall be tested inaccordance with the applicable fire test procedure or procedures as referred toin paragraph 4.1.3DEFINITIONS3.1"Fire Test Procedures Code" means the International Code for Application ofFire Test Procedures as defined in Chapter II-2 of the Convention, asamended.3.2"Test expiry date" means the last date on which the given test proceduremay be used to test and subsequently approve any product under theConvention.3.3"Approval expiry date" means the last date on which the subsequent approvalis valid as proof of meeting the fire safely requirements of the Convention.3.4"Administration" means the Government of the State whose flag the ship isentitled to fly.3.5"Competent authority" means an organization authorized by theAdministration to perform functions required by this Code.3.6"Laboratory recognized by the Administration" means a testing laboratorywhich is acceptable to the Administration concerned. Other testinglaboratories may be recognized on a case-by-case basis for specific approvalsas agreed upon by the Administration concerned.3.7"Convention" means the International Convention for the Safety of Life atSea, 1974, as amended.3.8"Standard fire test" means a test in which specimens are exposed in a testfurnace to temperatures corresponding approximately to the standardtime-temperature curve.3.9"Standard time-temperature curve" means the time-temperature curve definedby the formula:T = 345 log10(8t + 1) + 20where:T is the average furnace temperature (0C)t is the time (minutes).4TESTING4.1Fire test procedures4.1.1Annex 1 of this Code presents the required test procedures which shall beused in testing products as a basis for approval (including renewal ofapproval), except as provided in section 8.4.1.2The test procedures identify the test methods and the acceptance andclassification criteria.4.2Testing laboratories4.2.1The tests shall be carried out in testing laboratories recognized by theAdministrations concerned.4.2.2When recognizing a laboratory, the Administration shall consider thefollowing criteria:.1that the laboratory is engaged, as a regular part of its business, inperforming inspections and tests that are the same as, or similar to, the testsas described in the applicable part;.2that the laboratory has access to the apparatus, facilities, personnel andcalibrated instruments necessary to perform these tests and inspections; and.3that the laboratory is not owned or controlled by a manufacturer, vendor orsupplier of the product being tested.4.2.3The testing laboratory shall use a quality control system audited by thecompetent authority.4.3Test reports4.3.1The test procedures state the required contents of the test reports.4.3.2In general, a test report is the property of the sponsor of the test.5APPROVAL5.1General5.1.1The Administration shall approve products in accordance with theirestablished approval procedures by using the type approval procedure (seeparagraph 5.2) or the case-by-case approval (see paragraph 5.3).5.1.2The Administration may authorize competent authorities to issue approvalson their behalf.5.1.3An applicant who seeks approval shall have the legal right to use thetest reports on which the application is based (see paragraph 4.3.2).5.1.4The Administration may require that the approved products are providedwith special approval markings.5.1.5The approval shall be valid when the product is installed on board aship. If a product is approved when manufactured, but the approval expiresbefore the product is installed on the ship, the product may be installed asapproved material, provided that the criteria have not changed since the expirydate of the approval certificate.5.1.6The application for approval shall be sought from the Administration orcompetent authority. The application shall contain at least the following:.1the name and address of the applicant and of the manufacturer;.2the name or trade name of the product;.3the specific qualities for which approval is sought;.4drawings or descriptions of the assembly and materials of the product aswell as instructions, where applicable, for its installation and use; and.5a report on the fire test(s).5.1.7Any significant alteration to a product shall make the relevant approvalto cease to be valid. To obtain a new approval, the product shall beretested.5.2Type approval5.2.1The type approval certificates shall be issued and renewed on basis ofthe test reports of the applicable fire tests (see section 4).5.2.2The Administration shall require that the manufacturers have a qualitycontrol system audited by a competent authority to ensure continuous compliancewith the type approval conditions. Alternatively, the Administration may usefinal product verification procedures where the compliance with the typeapproval certificate is verified by a competent authority before the product isinstalled on board ships.5.2.3The type approval certificates shall be valid no more than 5 years fromthe date of issue.5.2.4Type approval certificates shall include at least the following:.1identification (name or trade name and description) of the product;.2classification and any restrictions in the use of the product;.3name and address of the manufacturer and applicant;.4test method(s) used in test(s);.5identification of the test report(s) and applicable statements (includingdate of issue, possible file number and the name and address of the testinglaboratory);.6date of issue and possible number of the type approval certificate;.7expiration date of the certificate; and.8name of the issuing body (competent authority) and, if applicable,authorization.5.2.5In general, the type approved products may be installed for theirintended use on board ships flying the flag of the approving Administration.5.3Case-by-case approval5.3.1The case-by-case approval means approval where a product is approved forinstallation on board a specific ship without using a type approvalcertificate.5.3.2The Administration may approve products using the applicable testprocedures for specific ship applications without issuing a type approvalcertificate. The case-by-case approval is only valid for the specific ship.6PRODUCTS WHICH MAY BE INSTALLED WITHOUT TESTING AND/OR APPROVALAnnex 2 of this Code specifies the groups of products, which (if any) areconsidered to comply with the specific fire safety regulations of theConvention and which may be installed without testing and/or approval.7USE OF EQUIVALENTS AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY7.1To allow modem technology and development of products, the Administrationmay approve products to be installed on board ships based on tests andverifications not specifically mentioned in this Code but considered by theAdministration to be equivalent with the applicable fire safety requirements ofthe Convention.7.2The Administration shall inform the Organization of approvals referenced toin paragraph 7.1 in accordance with Regulation I/5 of the Convention and followthe documentation procedures as outlined below:.1in the case of new and unconventional products, a written analysis as to whythe existing test method(s) cannot be used to test this specific product;.2a written analysis showing how the proposed alternative test procedure willprove performance as required by the Convention; and.3a written analysis comparing the proposed alternative test procedure to therequired procedure in the Code.8PERIOD OF GRACE FOR OTHER TEST PROCEDURES8.1The newest test procedures adopted by the Organization are considered beingthe most suitable for demonstrating that the products concerned comply with theapplicable fire safety requirements of the Convention.8.2Notwithstanding what is said elsewhere in this Code, the Administration mayuse established test procedures and acceptance criteria, other than those inAnnex 1 to this Code, when approving products to comply with the fire safetyrequirements of the Convention to allow a practicable period of grace for thetesting laboratories to obtain testing equipment, for the industry to re-testtheir products and for the Administrations to provide the necessary newcertification. For such other test procedures and acceptance criteria the testexpiry dates and the approval expiry dates are given in Annex 3 to thisCode.9LIST OF REFERENCESThe following IMO Assembly Resolutions and ISO standards are referred to inparts 1 to 9 of Annex 1 to the Code:.1Resolution A.471(XII) - "Recommendation on test method for determining theresistance to flame of vertically supported textiles and films";.2Resolution A.563(14) - "Amendments to the Recommendation on test method fordetermining the resistance to flame of vertically supported textiles and films(Resolution A.471(XII))";.3Resolution A.652(16) - "Recommendation on fire test procedures forupholstered furniture";.4Resolution A.653(16) - "Recommendation on improved fire test procedures forsurface flammability of bulkhead, ceiling and deck finish materials";.5Resolution A.687(17) - "Fire test procedures for ignitability of primarydeck coverings";.6Resolution A.688(17) - "Fire test procedures for ignitability of beddingcomponents";.7Resolution A.753(18) - "Guidelines for the application of plastic pipes onships";.8Resolution A.754(18) - "Recommendation on fire resistance tests for "A", "B"and "F" class divisions";.9ISO 1182:1990 - "Fire test - Building materials - Non-combustibilitytest";.10ISO 1716:1973 - "Building materials - Determination of calorificpotential"; and.11ISO 5659:1994 - "Plastics - Smoke generation, Part 2 Determination ofoptical density by a single chamber test".ANNEX 1FIRE TEST PROCEDURESPreamble1This Annex contains the fire test procedures which shall be used forverifying that the products comply with the applicable requirements. For othertest procedures provisions in paragraph 8.2 of, and Annex 3 to, the Code shallapply.2Reference to the test procedures of this Annex shall be made (e.g., in thetest report and in the type approval certificate) by referring to theapplicable part number or numbers as follows:Example:Where a primary deck covering has been tested in accordance with parts2 and 6 of Annex 1, the reference shall be "IMO FTPC Parts 2 and 6".3Some products or their components are required to be tested in accordancewith more than one test procedure. For this purpose, references to other partsare given in some parts of this Annex. Such references are here forinformation only, and the applicable guidance shall be sought in the relevantrequirements of the Convention.4For products which may be installed without testing and/or approval, Annex 2to the Code is referred.PART 1 - NON-COMBUSTIBILITY TEST1Application1.1Where a material is required to be non-combustible, it shall be determinedin accordance with this part.1.2If a material passes the test as specified in section 2, it shall beconsidered as "non-combustible" even if it consists of a mixture of inorganicand organic substances.2Fire test procedure2.1The non-combustibility shall be verified in accordance with the testprocedure in the standard ISO 1182:1990 except that instead of Annex A"Criteria for evaluation" of this standard all the following criteria shall besatisfied:.1the average furnace thermocouple temperature rise as calculated in 8.1.2 ofISO 1182 does not exceed 30C;.2the average surface thermocouple temperature rise as calculated in 8.1.2 ofISO 1182 does not exceed 30C;.3the mean duration of sustained flaming as calculated in 8.2.2 of ISO 1182does not exceed 10 s; and.4the average mass loss as calculated in 8.3 of ISO 1182 does not exceed50%.2.2The test report shall include the following information:.1name of testing body;.2name of manufacturer of the material;.3date of supply of the materials and of tests;.4name or identification of the material;.5description of the material;.6density of the material;.7description of the specimens;.8test method;.9test results including all observations;.10designation of the material according to the test criteria specified inparagraph 2.1 above.PART 2 - SMOKE AND TOXICITY TEST1ApplicationWhere a material is required not to be capable of producing excessivequantities of smoke and toxic products or not to give rise to toxic hazards atelevated temperatures, the material shall comply with this part.2Fire test procedure2.1GeneralSmoke generation tests shall be conducted in accordance with standard ISO5659:1994, Part 2 and additional test procedures as described in this part ofthe Code. To carry out the tests in accordance with this standard,modifications of the arrangements and procedures to the ISO standard shall bemade, if necessary.2.2Test specimenPreparation of test specimen shall be in accordance with the practice outlinedin Resolutions A.653(16), A.687(17) and A.753(18). In the case of cables, onlyspecimens of those with maximum insulation thickness need be tested.2.3Test conditionsIrradiance to the specimen during the test shall be kept constant. Threespecimens shall be tested under each of the following conditions:.1irradiance of 25 kW/m2 in the presence of pilot flame;.2irradiance of 25 kW/m2 in the absence of pilot flame; and.3irradiance of 50 kW/m2 in the absence of pilot flame.2.4Duration of testsThe test shall be carried out for at least 10 min. If the minimum lighttransmittance value has not been reached during the 10-minute exposure, thetest shall be continued for a further 10-minute period.2.5Test results2.5.1Specific optical density of smoke (Ds) as defined below shall be recordedduring the test period at least every 5 s:Ds = (V/(A*L))*log10(Io/l)where:V = total volume of the chamber (m3)A = exposed area of the specimen (m2)L = optical length (m) of smoke measurementIo = light intensity before the testI = light intensity during the test (after absorbtion by the smoke).2.5.2When making toxicity measurements, the sampling of fumes shall be madeduring the testing of the second or the third specimen at each test condition,from the geometrical centre of the chamber within 3 min of the time when themaximum specific optical density of smoke is reached. The concentration ofeach toxic gas shall be determined as ppm in the chamber volume.2.6Classification criteria2.6.1SmokeAn average (Dm) of the maximum of Ds of three tests at each test conditionshall be calculated..1for materials used as surface of bulkheads, linings or ceilings, the Dmshall not exceed 200 in any test condition;.2for materials used as primary deck covering, the Dm shall not exceed 400 inany test condition;.3for materials used as floor covering, the Dm shall not exceed 500 in anytest condition; and.4for plastic pipes and electric cables, the Dm shall not exceed 400 in anytest condition.2.6.2ToxicityThe gas concentration measured at each test condition shall not exceed thefollowing limits:
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