You can do this if you use attributes for the shortcode [similetimeline].
The parameters that you need would be
cats: IDs of the categories you want to display on the timeline
start: Start date of the timeline
stop: End date of the timeline
Your setup could then look something like:
[similetimeline cats=2,4,5 start=2007 stop=2011] ...to limit the timeline on an interval between 2007 and 2011 and show the content of three categories.
And inside another page:
[similetimeline cats=3 start=1495 stop=1795] ...for a 300 year time interval.
Hope this helps.