WRITTEN SYNOPSISCivil Misc. Writ Petition No. 36818 of 2004 Institute of Rewriting Indian History Through its Founder President, P. N. Oak S/O Late Shri Nagesh Krishna Oak, R/O - Plot No. 10, Goodwill Society,

[yogesh saxena]

IN THE HON’BLE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD.

WRITTEN SYNOPSIS
IN
Civil Misc. Writ Petition No. 36818 of 2004
(Under Article 226 of constitution of India)

(District – Agra)

1. Institute of Rewriting Indian History Through its Founder
President, P. N. Oak S/O Late Shri Nagesh Krishna Oak, R/O - Plot No.
10, Goodwill Society,
Aundh, Pune – 411007
2. P. N. Oak. S/O Late Shri Nagesh Krishna Oak, R/O - Plot No. 10,
Goodwill
Society, Aundh, Pune - 4110071. Founder President, Institute of
Rewriting
Indian History, Aundh, Pune - 4110071 ------------------------
Petitioner

VERSUS

1. Union of India through Secretary,
Human Resources and Development (HRD),
Government of India, New Delhi.

2.Secretary, Tourism and Archeological Department, Govt. of India,
New Delhi

3.Director General,
Archaeological Survey of India,
Government of India, Janapath, New Delhi.----------Respondents.

---------------------

That the controversy involved in the present writ petition filed on
behalf of the petitioner’s institution, namely, “ Institute for Re-
writing Indian (and World) History.
 It is submitted that on account of hiding the ground floor from the
exposure to the public of all these monuments, there has been the
complete neglect resulting in demolition of the of the existing
structures of all the three monuments. It has come to notice of the
general public through different media reports, that Taj Mahal and
other monuments are dying and there has been the tilting of the
minarets and its foundation may be sinking. The petitioner is further
placing the photographs having the description written by
Archeological Survey of India on the marble stone planted outside the
Taj building, which has the vital contradictions, in itself indicating
the construction of Taj Mahal built during reign of emperor Shah
Jahan from 1628 to 1656 AD, while Anjuman Bano the niece of emperor
Noor Jahan and the daughter of Mirza Gihas Beg admittedly died on 17th
June 1631, The true copy of the Photographs and writing displayed on
the marble plank out side the Taj building that the doors affixed
towards Yamuna side were found for being carved out from the wooden
material, which were found to be aged about more than 800 years at
Brookline University, through carbon dating test-14 conducted in
America and as such these doors have been mysteriously disappeared by
the interested parties under the garb of maintenance of building
under the provision of Wakf Act,1995. There are more than ten
chambers of the ground floor, which have been sealed while twenty two
chambers were hidden inside the red stone building, for which, there
is description in Moinnudeen Book “The Taj and its Environments”.

Sri P.N. Oak was born on 2nd March 1917 at Indore and he fought the
battle of independence in association with Neta Ji Sri Subhash Chandra
Bose and thereafter conducted the research on the ancient Vedic
Cultural Heritage in India and also in different part of the World. He
is now running at the age of above 87 years.
“I am unjust, but I can strive for justice,
My life’s unkind, but I can vote for kindness.
I, the un-loving, say life should be lovely,
I, that am blind, cry against my blindness”.

That the dawn of independence has virtually
came with confrontation of many problems for effective administration.
The foremost and the prominent problem was rehabilitation of the
refugees. There was no place for providing them the basic requirement
of shelter and for that reason, the government provided the shelter
home for them. The locality was not congenial for their adaptation.
Thus the hostility amongst the people has started generating their
side effects. The civilisation is the beginning of the governance to
any nation. In absence of any co-ordination amongst the fellow
citizens, the concept of social embodiment was virtually evasive. Thus
there was neither any co-operation nor co-ordination amongst the
citizens. The sole motto was to accumulate the resources for
advancement and to enforce their hypothetical illusive superiority
amongst the other inhabitant. Thus there was a complete absence of
religious and spiritual concept in the society.
That no man can survive in isolation. There is a rule of give and
take. The moment, one person is inclined to accept everything as a
matter of his right, the person who is inclined to give him his extra
potential, withdraw the basic offer. This become the end of social
collaboration. No country is able to survive except by the will of the
people. The bitterness amongst the people may ultimately lead to a
crisis on psychological level. Thus the country required the coercive
method for the enforcement of law and order situation. This was on
account of partition of India.
That the citizens, “we the people”
contemplating of the infringement of the indefeasible rights cannot be
told for tolerating infraction or invasion of their rights anymore,
which is guaranteed enough to relegate at the dawn of human rights
jurisprudence promulgated by judicial activism to fight their own
battle in the forum available to them under social action litigation.
The Hon’ble Supreme Court has put an end to instrument of status
upholding the traditions of Anglo Saxon jurisprudence and resisting
radical innovation as honest in the use of judicial power to promote
social justice. Nothing rankles more in human heart than in justice.
Access to justice is basic human right on which is dependent other
rights relating to equality. Justice has always been the first virtue
of any civilised society. Life of law is a mean to serve the social
purpose and felt necessity of people. Affirmative action promotes
maximum well being for the society as a whole and strengthens forces
of National integration. The purposeful role for more active creative
in deciding it by the court of law is by not “what has been” but “what
may be”. This is the role and purpose of law for the sovereign power
of “we the people” as enumerated in our preamble constitution of
India. Politicians act in nefarious designs with impunity. Political
parties motivated with vested interests are dancing to usurp power
through any means, fair or foul even at the cost of sacrificing the
Nation’s existence to personal interest. Party systems have pushed to
advance its own schemes upon the ruin of the rest. Our politicians are
Mafia dons next to the invaders. Robbers have generally plundered the
rich who are seldom subjected to legislation always plunder the common
citizens and protect those Mafia dons under the phraseology of “law
making sovereign power” having the connotation “procedure establish
under law to be cherished instead of due process”.
There is always an excuse for tyranny and mal-
administration, which has degenerated the national character. The
power given needs a safeguard from such arbitrary power and unfair
exercise. In present set up freedom has become an abuse and liberty
as license. Therefore the moral damage is more terrible. An
oppressive system is more to be feared than a Tiger.
Deep needs to express thought;
Profoundly sickening to compel;
Remain silent at expression;
Limitation of freedom of thought;
Is attack on social rights;
As spiritual force is stronger;
Than any material force;
As thought leash to average conscience;
By the necessities of fatal policy;
The Hon’ble Supreme Court acted as an
instrument of status quo-upholding the traditions of Anglo-Saxon
jurisprudence and resisting radical innovations in the use of the
judicial power to promote social justice under the republican
constitution till early 1970 with some Hon’ble expectations, but in
the light of a social economic philosophy alien to our freedom
movement and aspiration of the liberated people, the Apex Court has
started a giving importance to the rule of Law with “tryst with
destiny”. The outstanding judicial activism in the quest for social
justice came by the enormous contribution of Hon’ble Supreme Court in
the recent years. The use of new found judicial power in the service
of “WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA” who has often being represented in the
judicial forum have always been at the receiving end of mal-
administration and exploitation.
These are the extract of code of ethics of law and
judicial institution in Manu Smiriti:- 9th chapter of code of Manu-
Importance of Justice
 “All the members of the court are considered as wounded, where
justice is found wounded with inequity, and judges do not extract the
dart of inequity from justice or remove its blot and destroy inequity,
in other words where the innocent are not respected and the criminal
are not punished.” Ib 12
 “A virtuous and just person should never enter a court and when he
does so, he should speak the truth; he who holds his tongue on seeing
injustice done, or speaks contrary to truth and justice, is the
greatest sinner.”Ib.13
 “Justice destroyed destroys its destroyer; and justice preserved,
preserves its preserver. Hence, never destroy justice, lest being
destroyed, it should destroy thee.”Ib.14
 “In this world justice or righteousness alone is man’s friend that
goes with him after death. All other things or companions part on the
destruction of the body and he is detached from all company. But the
company of justice is never cut off.” Ib.15
 “When injustice is done in the government court out of partiality,
it is divided into four parts of which one is shared by the criminal
or doer of injustice, the second by the witness, the third by the
judges, and the fourth by the president king of an unjust court.”Ib.17

That this writ petition is moved to re-establish the truth
and cultural heritage of our Country. This writ petition is pertaining
to the world marvel, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, namely,
Taj Mahal, and other monuments authorship attributed to Hindu Rulers,
much prior to the period of Mugal Invaders. The ancient monuments and
structure are part of our tradition and culture and evidence of
glorious-marvelous architectural achievement and further to that it is
a part of our heritage. Fraud upon history should not be perpetuated
as life is evaluated in the perspective of history. For the sake of
history of heritage, these monuments should be identified, protected
and preserved properly in the right perspective with right historical
records of creation and construction of truth and realities, which
includes rectifying and/ or correcting the wrong records, notions,
motivated dis-information and mis- information.
The following prayers are made in the present Writ
Petition:-
 “Issue a Writ, order, direction in the nature of mandamus by
appointing a facts finding committee for exposing the falsehood of the
Arceaological department regarding the historical blunder committed by
them in respect of their purported claim set-up in declaring Taj-
Mahal, Red- fort Agra, Fatahpur –Sikiri and other ancient Hindu
buildings/ monuments as Mughal monuments and restrain them from
displaying the authorship of these buildings as constructed by
Sahajahan or by any Mughal Invaders as truth may be disclosed to the
public/citizens and Students in Subject of History regarding their
true authorship prior to Mughal period in furtherance of their
fundamental rights conferred to the Citizens under Article 19 (1) (a),
25 and 26 read with49 and 51-A(f) (h) of Constitution of India and
Freedom Of Information Act, 2002.”
 “ Issue a writ, order, direction in the nature of mandamus declaring
the provisions of The Ancient And Historical Monuments And
Archaeological Sites And Remains (Declaration Of National Importance)
Act, 1951 to the extend of declaring the ancient and historical
monuments and other and Archaeological Sites namely Taj Mahal.
Fatehpur-sikiri, Agra Red Ford, Ethmadualla and other Monuments as
built by Mugal invaders on the basis of report submitted by Then
Governor General, Lord Auckland, and young lieutenant Alexander
Cunningham conceived indigenous scheme of “Divide and Rule” and
thereby misusing the archaeological studies, as ultravires to Article
19 (1) (a), 25,26 49 And 51-A (f) (h) constitution of India and this
Hon’ble Court may further declare the provision of Ancient and
Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Declaration
of National Importance) Act, 1951 (71 of 1951), The Ancient Monuments
And Archaeological Sites And Remains Act, 1958 of declaring these
ancient building/ monuments preserved with such false identity with
out any scientific inquiry/ investigation as purported Mughal
monuments / graveyards as unconstitutional and void.”
 “Issue a writ, order, direction in the nature of mandamus on the
basis of the Research Conducted by the petitioner No.-2 as published
in the different books written by him as referred in earlier
paragraphs namely 1. World Vedic Heritage, 2. The Tajmahal is a Temple
Place, 3.Some Blunders of Indian Historical Research, 4. Flowers
Howlers, 5. Learning Vedic Astrology, 6. Some Missing Chapters of
World History, 7. Agra red Fort is a Hindu Building, 8.Great Britain
was Hindu Land, 9. The Taj Mahal is Tejomahalaya a Shiva Temple,
10.Who Says Akbar was Great, 11. Vedic Guide to Health, Beauty,
Longevity and Rejuvenation, 12. Islamic Havoc in Indian History
Published by-HINDI SAHITYA SADAN 2, B. D. Chambers, 10/54 D. B. Gupta
Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005, the truth may be exposed through
Scientific inventions and temperaments to the Citizen/ Students of
history by conducting the research/ excavations of the remains of
Hindu monuments by the Central Government surroundings to all such
Hindu Palace/ temple and other ancient archaeological building/
Monuments as the incidents like demolition of disputed structure at
Ayodhya may not be repeated resulting in mass destruction of the
public property shacking of public confidence under Rule Of Law in the
society.”
 “Issue a writ, order, directions in the nature of mandamus directing
the respondent authorities after due Scientific investigation and
facts finding inquiry report, the respondents in particular the
Archaeological Survey of India may Declare and Notify in terms of the
true history, as the Taj Mahal was not built by Shahajahan and thereby
directing the Archaeological Survey of India to remove the notices
displayed by them in the Taj Mahal premises crediting Shahjahan as its
creator and to further desist from writing / publishing /
proclaiming / propagating and teaching about Shahjahan being the
author of Taj Mahal and stop and discontinue the free entry in Taj
Mahal premises on Fridays in the week.”
 “ Issue a writ, order, direction in the nature of mandamus directing
the respondent authorities in particular Archaeological Survey of
India 1)-to open the locks of upper and lower portions of the 4
storeyed building of Taj Mahal having numbers of rooms, 2)-to remove
all bricked up walls build later blocking such rooms therein, 3)-to
investigate scientifically and certify that which of those or both
cenotaphs are fake,4)-to look for a sub terrace storey below the river
bank ground level, 5)-to look into after removing the room-entrance
directly beneath the basement cenotaph-chamber.6)- by removing the
brick and lime barricade flocking the doorway, 7)-to look for
important historical evidence such as idols and inscriptions hidden
inside there by the Shahjahan’s orders as truth may not make us rich
but the same will make us free from superstitions and false propaganda
of some of fundamentalists.”

Constitution of India – Maintainability Of Writ Petition- Article 12-
Public Interest Litigation.

 In Marbury v. Madison 1 Cranch 137 (1803)-In case of conflict
between law made by parliament (Congress) and the provision of
Constitution, the duty of the Court is to enforce Constitution and
ignore the law.
 From Ratlam Municipality v. Vardhi Chand A.I.R. 1980 S.C. 1622, the
Supreme Court has held that the concept of Public Interest Litigation
is to enforce the provisions of Constitution of India in respect of
the mandate issued in Chapter III, which is more the less the duty
caste upon the authorities for protection of Fundamental Right and to
endeavor the D Directive Principle of State Policy. Article 19 –
Burden of Prove – Nature and Extent of Right – Distinguished form
statute rights - Dhram Dutt v. Union of India (2004) Vol. 1 SCC 712 –
a restriction on the activities of the Association is not a
restriction on the activity on the individual citizen forming
membership of Association – Indian Council of World Affairs Act, 2001
under challenged – Right and Restriction to be dealt with Article 19
(2) to (6) Article 300–A and 19 (1) (f) – Tibia Collage case AIR 1962
SC 448 followed. Society is incapable of holding property.
 Peoples Union of Civil liberties vs. Union of India (2004) Vol. 2
SCC 476 freedom of Speech includes Right of Information as a
fundamental right.
 Union of India vs. Naveen Jindal (2004) 2 SCC 510- flag code -
Emblems and Names (pervasion of Improper use ) Act, 1950 and
prevention of inserts to National Honour act, 1971 – fling of nation
is a symbols of free expression 19 (1)(A) thus a fundamental right –
American right to burn nation US flag is not approve in India. Right
to fling nation is a fundamental duty but they are subject to
restriction under chapter VI A – Article 51 A.
 Article 141 Precedent- observation form a judgement have to be
considered in the light of question refereed therein Mahatab Dawoed
Shaikh vs. State of Maharastra (2004) 2 SCC 362

 Article 13- Government Circular- not law within its meaning- State
of Kerela vs. Chandra Mohanan (2004) 3 SCC 429 .

 Prohibition on sale of eggs within Rishikesh municipality- Not
Unreasonable Restriction and the same should be viewed from Religious
Background – Major Source of Revenue to the Municipality under section
298 -Om Prakash vs. State of U. P. (2004) 3 SCC 402.

 The Hon’ble Supreme Court has recently laid down in case of State
of Karnataka Vs. Praveen Bhai Thogadia ( Doctor) AIR 2004 SC 2081,
while dealing with the ambit and scope of Article 25 and its Preamble
– Secularism that the core of religion based upon spiritual values,
which the Vedas, Upnishads and Purans were said to reveal to mankind
seem to be; “ Love others, serve others, help ever, hurt never” and “
sarvae jana sukhino bhavantoo”. One –upmanship in the name of
religion, whichever it be or at whomsoever’s instance it may be, would
render constitutional designs countermanded and chaos, claiming its
heavy toll on society and humanity as a whole, may be the inevitable
evil consequence, whereof.

 India is the world’s most heterogeneous society with a rich heritage
and its Constitution is committed to high ideas of socialism,
secularism and the integrity of the nation. As is well known, several
races have converged in this subcontinent and they have carried with
them their own cultures, languages, religions and customs affording
positive recognition to the noble and ideal way of life—“ unity in
diversity”. Though these diversities created problems in early days,
they were mostly solved on the basis of human approaches and
harmonious reconciliation of differences, usefully and peacefully.

MAINTAINABILITY OF THE WRIT PETITION OR A PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION
BY HON’BLE COURT.

 “Whether the ambit and scope of jurisdiction covered under Article
226 of the Constitution of India may not entail to this Hon’ble court
to decide this writ petition to expose False hood?
 ‘Whether in absence of any proof through positive indications
proving the construction of any building by MUGAL INVADERS, the
entire world will befouled regarding their authorship on our ancient
vedic culture Hindu monuments even after our independence and
existence of fundamental rights in Constitution Of India and
guarantee therein to it’s citizen and our children?
 “ Whether we remain the silent spectator of the collapse of 4
minarets of our Taj Mahal due to the control of fundamentalist under
the provision of Wakf Act, 1995 in order to conceal the Hindu Palace
identity hidden inside two or three storey Red stone building?
 “Whether concern individual “Institute of Rewriting Indian History”
through its Founder President, P. N. Oak is an aggrieved person to
prove his locus standi in the matter even in public interest
litigation having the genuine cause envisaged to protect the innocent
citizen from the false hood of aggressions imposed by invaders Mughal
rulers still having the reprehensible impact upon the non violent
patriotic citizens craving to protect our ancient cultural heritage
Monuments.?
 “Whether from false scaffolding their identity adversely affecting
the existence of Citizens, which is endangering the very existence of
Taj Mahal, Fateh pur Sikiri and Agra Red Ford and other Monuments,
having falsehood in teaching of children, students of history the
future citizens and having character assassinations of nation by
falsehood and misrepresentation to the tourists and other foreign
visitors on the dictate of Mughal minority under appeasement policy?

 “Whether the credentials of the petitioner Institute of Rewriting
Indian History Through its Founder President, P. N. Oak are not
sufficient for upgrading the individualistic approach as that of
widely shared approach of the majority of the members of the Public,
Children and the tourists visiting our Monuments?

 “Whether the submissions raised in respect the character
assassination of the authority may not be treated as public
interest litigation to protect the “Rule of Law” and thereby to
preserve the constitution of India?

 “Whether Sri P.N. Oak was born on 2nd March 1917 at Indore and he
fought the battle of independence in association with Neta Jee Sri
Subhash Chandra Bose and thereafter conducted the research on the
ancient Vedic Cultural Heritage in India and also in different part of
the World.?

 ‘Whether Sri P.N. Oak is now running at the age of about 88 years
having a society and a trust namely the Institute Of rewriting History
duly exempted Under Section 80-G of the Income Tax Act on account of
his research work based on vedic ancient culture and propagation
thereof is the imposture and interloper impersonating falsely as
public crusader of justice and thereby acting probono publico to
assail the validly of The Ancient Monuments And Archaeological Sites
And Remains Act, 1958 (as amended to Act No. 71 of 1951)?

 “Whether the credentials of the petitioner are sufficient to
approach as that of widely shared approach of the majority of the
members of the Public, students, spiritual leaders, and other
historians?

 “Whether it was authorised to file litigation, If so by whom,
Whether it has sufficient funds to indulge in such litigation and
Basis for alleging harm to public interest- The information conveyed
to the Hon’ble court is sufficient to entertain the present writ
petition on the basis of the secondary evidence of Badshahnama,
Aurangzeb Letter of 1653, expert evidence through carbondating- 14
report and scaffolding of the original building through imposture
Koranic script and closer of red stone building below marble stone
temple /graveyards at Taj Mahal and the tunnels through the lower
ground portion of Agra Red Fort connecting Fatehpur Sikri, Taj Mahal,
Etmadullah and Sikandra and the symbols of the Hindu Religion present
upon them?

 “Whether the facts finding committee may be appointed for revealing
the truth on the basis of the writing of Sir H. M. Elliot. K.C.B.- The
Posthumous Papers titled as History of India by its own Historian
comprising of Eight Volume published by Kitab Mahal 56-A Zero Road
Allahabad at present 15 Thornhill Road Allahabad, which shall be
reproduced?

 “ Whether there be the existence of symbol like Swastik, OM, Lotus,
Snake, Peacock, and Trident in every carving out of the structure to
the public at the multiple two fold graves of Sahalahan and Mumtaj?

 “Whether the coconut with mango leaf put on the top of the pitcher
is the symbol of worship of Hindu , Which has been concealed by
scaffolding with these identities?.

 “ What is hidden inside the dome structure, which is never allowed
to be visited to its visitors?.

 “Whether there be any octagonal building chosen by a Mughal Ruler,
which is a symbol of recognition of eight directions/ dimension of the
universe recognize by Hindu religion?

 “Whether any one may imagine it as the truth that the Koranic
scripts is carved out on the tiles , which has been pasted by removing
the existing recital of Sanskrit Stanzas written by the creator of the
said temple?.
 “ Whether the Union of India pose any justification for closing of
the red stone building by placing the mud on the front side up to
plinth of marble construction?

 “Whether the Govt. of India may provide any justification for
closer of the doors of the two story building made out of the red
stone visual towards the back side of the Taj Monuments with the doors
permanently sealed through its imposture stone planted from out side
for hiding the truth regarding the actual authorship of this monuments
of national importance?


 That the framer of constitution has miserably forgotten the basic
and elementary principles of jurisprudence and legal theory; that
"every night implies the forbearance on the part of others to perform
his duty. Every right is correlated and coexistent with duty "The
preamble of our constitution was not having the boosting prospects to
its citizen of our constitution was not having the boosting prospects
to its citizens for resolving India as "Sovereign democratic republic
and for endeavour the unity of nation till 3rd January 1977.
 That these fundamental duties ten in numbers touch almost all
important aspects of National life of an individual life of an
individual as well as nation. These are true Magna Carta by adopting
an adhering to which in our life. We can achieve the objective of an
egalitarian society, free from corruption, oppression, favoritism, and
nepotism. Each of these duties, when decoded and dilated, will go to
encompass, the various facet of human activity and behaviour; a remedy
to most evils plaguing our society -an educational institution; a
public undertaking etc. The present day crisis is the result of the
phenomenon where tried to achieve right while forgetting corresponding
duties as reciprocal to fundamental rights. We may get rid of the
despotic and corrupt tendencies of authority in politics and
administration having pressure groups ever hungry and lustful for
privilege and power.
 That by the constitution (first amendment) Act 1951, there have been
further restrictions to practice any profession, or to carry on any
occupation, trade or business for professional or technical
qualification as well as carrying on any occupation, trade or business
by the state and its instrumentality to the exclusion, complete or
partial, of citizens. Thus the question arises as to whether there may
not be a valid test of classification based on qualities or
characteristics necessarily coupled with the object of legislation
based on intelligible differential, which has certain nexus with the
realities of the time to dealt with the law and order situation by
providing necessary restriction over the unchecked liberty granted to
the individual detrimental to its integrity and sovereignty for
prohibition to avail the benefit of equality clause by taking the
rescue for forbid classification. . There cannot be any enforceable
fundamental right to an individual for indulging in anti national
activities. Thus the verdict given by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in
Minerva Mills Limited Vs Union of India 1980 (3) SCC 625 is required
to be reviewed for effective enforcement of the duties caste upon the
citizen by passing through the test of "Form and Object" and "Pith and
Substance" to mould and replace by the test of "Direct and Inevitable"
effect.

 That the chapter of fundamental duties in part (IV A under article
51 A has been introduced by our constitution (Forty second amendment)
Act, 1976(w.e.f 3.1.1977). The insertion of new Article 31 C i.e.
saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles,
notwithstanding anything contained in the article 13, no law giving
effect the policy of state towards securing the principles laid down
in part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is in
consistent with or takes away or abridge any of the right conferred
under the Article 14 &19 of the constitution. The Supreme Court of
Mineva Mills Ltd. Vs Union of India 1980 (3) S.C.C page 625 has laid
down the same as unconstitutional holding "that it virtually tears
away the hearts of basic fundamental freedom without which a free
democracy is impossible. This is a charter of class legislation.” The
Article 31-D pertaining to " saving of the law in respect of anti-
national Activities" has already been omitted by the constitution
(Forty third amendment) Act 1977 w.e.f 13.4.1978. The other Article 39
(f) providing "Protection to children" by giving them opportunities
and facilities in healthy manner and in conditions of freedom &
dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against moral and
material abandonment" has been inserted w.e.f. 3.1.1977. Equal justice
and free legal aid for securing justice to economically weaker classes
and other disable down trodden citizens under Article 39 A is on
account of 42nd constitutional amendment. The participation of workers
in the management of industries and protection and improvement of
Environment and safeguarding of the forest in wild life under Article
43 A and 48 A respectively have also been inserted by virtue of 42nd
constitutional amendment, Act, 1977. We could not achieve to cherish
the goal enshrined under Article 44 providing uniform civil court for
the citizens, Thus till the situation has not become alarming and the
Govt. was not compelled to impose the emergency, the farmer of the
constitution have neither given any heed for the insertion of the
chapter of fundamental duties and directive policies for the uplift of
the poor worker, children and other disabled person. It is certainly a
matter of grade disappointment that till date these fundamental duties
and directive principles of state policy have still not been enforce
as that of the fundamental rights of the citizens, The country may be
ruled down by functioning anarchy and oligarchy, but the prosperity,
integrity and solidarity of the nation is impossible without the
enforcement of the duties assigned to its citizens”.

 That the Constitution (Forty Fourth amendment) Act, 1978 has
provided another directive principle under Article 38(1) & (2) that
the state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by
securing and protecting a social order and to strive to minimize
inequalities in income and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in
status facilities and opportunities not only amongst individuals, but
also amongst groups engaged in different vocations.

 Hon’ble Supreme court has taken into account two spheres of
dimensions to the right of personal liberty against the sovereign
power exercising its functioning with the police power and
restrictions imposing procedural safeguard in order to provide the
public safety having invasion of individual privacy as susceptible to
abuse. The custodian violence and torture by the police adopting third
degree of interrogation and other agencies have been deemed to be
violative of article 21 and article 22 of the constitution of India.
It has been held that the importance of affirmed rights to deter
breaches by the violence, torture and even death in police lock up
strikes a blow of rule of law. The police who is supposed to provide
the protection of citizens is committing such crime under the shield
of uniform and authority in the four walls of a police station of lock
ups in which victim is being totally helpless. Torture of human being
by another human beings is essentially an instrument to impose the
will of the "strong over the weak" by sufferings. These are a
calculated assault on human dignity and whenever human dignity is
wounded, civilisation takes a step backward. Universal declaration of
human rights in 1948 in reference to article 5 stipulates "no one
shall be subjected to be tortured or to be cruel inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment". The constitutional guarantee provided in
article 20 (3) provides that of a person excused of an offence cannot
be compelled to be a witness against himself. Article 22 (2) provides
that the person arrested or detained in the custody shall be produced
before the nearest magistrate within a period of 24-hour of such
arrest excluding the time necessary for journey. The accused shall be
informed of the ground of such arrest and shall not been denied that
right to concern and defend himself by legal practitioner of his
choice. The personal liberties is protected under article 21 except
according to the procedure established by law. Thus personal liberty
is a sacred and cherished right under the constitution (UBI JUS IBI
REMIDIUM).


 That there are virtually no individual fundamental rights except the
right conferred under article 19 of the constitution of India, rest
are the fundamental duties of the state, which are likely to be
enforced for the protection of its citizen. By the gradual advancement
of the judicial activism, the basic fundamental duties embodied in our
constitution, have now been regarded as enforceable rights of the
citizen without taking into consideration as to whether the person,
who is coming forward for seeking the enforcement of such duties by
the state, may actually deserve for such enforcement under an
equitable discretionary jurisdiction of the constitutional courts in
India. This is a basic flow in the process of judicial verdict. There
is the need that the impact and implementation of the law, which is
primarily concerned with a social science, may be able to achieve its
objective the concept and the guarantees enshrined under article 14
having two connotation, i.e.. Equality before the law and the equal
protection of the law are not the same phraseology, although they
appears to serve a common objective to eradicate the social evils of
inequalities and discrimination.
 That Article 14 has a pervasive potency and a versatile quality,
equilitarian in its soul, but allergic to discriminatory dictates. It
is well known that equality is anti-thesis to arbitrariness. Since the
license may not be given to a blind man to drive a car, how worthwhile
it may be to give the similar license to a criminal to do every sort
of atrocities being committed by indulging into the crime of the
innocent people. There are inherent restrictions applicable for the
enforcement of the individual personal right under article 19, which
empowers the state to enforce reasonable restriction on the exercise
of the right of the people in the interest of sovereignty, integrity
of India security of the state, friendly relations with foreign state,
public order, decency or morality etc. including the incitement to an
offence pertaining to the reasonable restrictions regarding freedom of
speech and expression, to assemble ,to form associations and freedom
to reside and move freely throughout the territory of India.
 It has been observed by the Hon’ble Courts that “where the power is
conferred to achieve a purpose it has been repeatedly reiterated that
the power must be exercised reasonably and in good faith to effectuate
the purpose. And in this context ‘ in good faith’ means ‘for
legitimate reasons’. Where power is exercised for extraneous or
irrelevant considerations or reasons, it is unquestionably a
colourable exercise of power or fraud on power and the exercise of
power is vitiated”.
 The Hon’ble Supreme Court has also held that ‘ Pithily put, bad
faith which invalidates the exercise of power- sometimes called
colourable exercise or fraud on power and oftentimes overlaps
motives, passions and satisfactions- is the attainment of ends beyond
the sanctioned purposes of power by simulation or pretension of
gaining a legitimate goal. If the use of the power is for the
fulfilment of a legitimate object the actuation or catalysation by
malice is not legicidal. The action is bad where the true object is to
reach an end different from the one for which the power is entrusted,
goaded by extraneous considerations, good or bad, but irrelevant to
the entrustment. When the custodian of power is influenced in its
exercise by considerations out side those for promotion of which the
power is vested the court calls it a colourable exercise and is
undeceived by illusion’.
 Transparency of action and accountability are perhaps two possible
safeguards which the court enforcing the protection of fundamental
rights must insist upon. Thus police in India requiring to perform a
difficult and delegate task in view of the deteriorating law and order
situation, communal riots, politics turns to student unrest, terrorist
activities, dealing with hard core criminals, drug peddlers, smugglers
having strong root in society, will feel difficulties in the detection
of the crime committed by the hardened criminals. Thus a balanced
justice approach is needed to meet the ends of justice. The cure
cannot however, be worst them the diseased itself.
 The state must therefore ensured that the various agencies deployed
by it of highly sophisticated technology is increasingly susceptible
to abuse. The existence of public emergency are in the interest of
public safety relating to sovereignty, security, public order and
integrity of India and also for preventing incitement to the
commission of an offence may justify the right to hold a telephonic
conversation and thus telephone tapping would tantamount to
interference and certainly be claimed against the right to privacy
unless it is permitted under the procedure established by law.

 That Professor Laski says ". The centre of legal solidarity lies not
in legislation, nor in jurist’s science, nor in jurist’s decision, but
in society itself.” The first requirement of judiciary that it should
correspond with actual feeling and demand of the life. Unfortunately
we are still upholding the traditions of Anglo Saxon jurisprudence and
resisting radical innovation in the use of judicial power to promote
social justice under our constitution. Justice which has always been
the first virtue of any civilised society is still required to be
traced down the beating the sticks over the impressions left behind by
passing through a snake of alien power ruling over the nation. Such
traditions having the glimpse of slavery was least concerned with the
relief to the litigants but continued to perform the deception by
making the litigant as specimen in the process of advancement of the
judicial system. There are conflicting decisions which were
subsequently overruled but by that time the cause of the litigant was
decided on the wrong precedents.
 The judicial review is the heart and soul of the constitutional
scheme. The judiciary is constituted the ultimate interpreter of the
Constitution and is assigned the delicate task of determining the
extent and scope of the powers conferred on each branch of the
Government, ensuring that action of any branch does not transgress as
limits.
Virus of the provisions
 Whether the Provisions of Legislation are beyond legislative
competence?
 Whether the Provisions of Legislation are Contrary to the object?
 Whether the Provisions of Legislation are Unconstitutional – having
no scientific authoritative – dictate of Sovereignty during pre-
independence Indian condition in order to private rift between Hindu
and Muslim – thus unconstitutional?
 Whether the Provisions of Legislation are in conflict with the right
conferred under 19 (1) (A),Article 19(1)C, 25, 26, 49, 51-A (f) &(h)
of the Constitution of India?
 Whether the Provisions of Legislation are Unreasonable restriction
for having scientific investigation and there by providing impediment
for the progress and leading to the stagnation of the Nation?.
 Whether the Provisions of Legislation are Contrary to the object
sought to be achieved for extraneous political consideration?.
How does an Act may affects other provisions of Law resulting in
denial of freedom of expressions and put a restriction on free
movement
 If foreigners are allowed to visit graveyard only, How does the
Indian Government is justified towards their expenditure which they
have incurred in vesting Taj Mahal?.
 Whether the Government can be the guilty and punished for committing
the fraud, then who is liable for punishment?.
Evidence in support of temple.
 Badshah Nama.
 Auranggeb letter written on 16th Aug. 1652.
 Carbon dating of the doors establishing the age of dead wood 800
years old.
 Farman issued by Shahjahan to Maharaja Jai Singh.
 Order of Maharaja Jai Singh to Bikanes archieve for supply of white-
black marble and the cutter, Which were used for scaffolding the 34
verse of Sanskrit scripts .
 Two Cenotaphs/ Two Graves each of Anjuman Muntaj Zilani (died on
17th June 1631 at Burhampur and buried in Jaina Garden) on Sahajahan
(died in Son’s Captivity inside Agra Red Fort in1666 and buried by
Aurangzeb ) planted side by side placed on third and fourth floors in
side the 5th Storey Taj Mahal Building .
 Sign of Swastik, Lotus, Coconut, Mango leaves, Pitches, Om in
Dhature flower, trident, snake, 108 octagonal design of the marble.
 How does and under what analogy one man can have two graves whether
Arjumand Bano Mumtaj and Shahjahan bodies were cut down in two pieces
and put inside the two graves?
 What is the evidence in support that these cenataphs are actually
the graves of Anju man Muntaj Zilani (died on 17th June 1631 at
Burhampur and buried in Jaina Garden) on Sahajhan (died in Son’s
Captivity inside Agra Red Fort in1656)?
 Why not the grave of other Mughal emperors were not planted if the
Taj Mahal was a graveyard as has been done with Fatehpur Sikri?
 Why the mud has been filled up towards front side of Taj Mahal
Building while the backside is left untouched as Yamuna river could
not be diversified to some other channel?
 Every Muslim building poses its gate towards West Side than why Taj
Mahal front gate is located towards southeast direction?
 Why Goshala, castles, fountain, and other symbolic symbols of stable
are located in side the building of Taj Mahal ?
 Whether the replica on two side are not meant for reflection of the
sound of drum and other musical instruments coming from the stone
planted inside the eight chambers located overhead for royal family
members, queens, princes and other royal guests which are now
blocked?.
 Why the doors of the chambers have been closed if they were
constructed by Shah Jahan himself?.
 Why the people are not allowed to peep inside the red stone building
as to whether it is for some security reason or for retaining the
falsehood preserved for appeasement?.
The object of education Subject of History.
 Whether for advancement of the ancestral cultural heritage. 2. For
knowing the traditions. 3. For knowing our ancestors. 4. To knowing
the past, its import and the expectation for the future. 5. History is
3 fold presents / 3 dimensional picture. (i) having the present with
past memory. (ii) having the present with present existence in
compared to past. (iii) our present in anticipation of future
development.
Archaeological Remains and Monuments
 Archaeology is the study of things left in the past, whether on the
ground or buried under it. The things include buildings, statues,
pictures, scriptures, ornaments, decorative pieces of pottery, etc.
The remains of stupas and temples help the study of art and
architecture and the culture and religious life of the people. The
Ajanta paintings tell us about the costumes, jewellery, hair-styles,
things found inside the houses, the architecture, etc. the digging of
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro changed our old idea of Indian History. The
excavation (digging) at Nalanda showed the glory of our past system of
education. The digging out of the temples of Deogarh, in Jhansi gave
evidence of the splendour of the Gupta emperors.
 What is History?
 History is the story of the people of the past. To be history in the
true sense, it must be a record of their life and culture. History is
no longer limited to the story of kings and the way they ruled, the
wars they fought and the expansion or contraction of their empire.
Along with these, history now helps us to know the condition and
pattern of the lives of the common people – how they met the basic
needs of their life, what difficulties and challenges come before
them, what way they solved them, what they thought, felt and believed,
what new ideas awakened them, as expressed in their literature,
architecture and art, what way they contributed to the progress of our
civilization, etc.
Why do we study the past?
 It is a natural urge and curiosity in man. Think of the great men
and women you adore and admire. You surely love to know or read about
their lives – their childhood, their growing up, the hardships and
challenges that came in their way, their devotion to a cause, their
suffering and sacrifices, their iron will, untiring work and great
ideals before them and their great achievements and successes.
We love to know the past.
 You love to know the past of your favourite sportsman, favourite
singer, favourite film star, your ideal man or woman. So is the case
with your country that you love so much. You love to know its dazzling
glories and great creations, the heights it reached in the realm of
thought and realizations, its dark days under foreign domination’s,
its devotions to great causes, its sacrifices and sufferings, its
galaxy of great men and women and its unique way of bringing different
people closer and establishing unity in diversity. Would you not like
to know all these and more about your beloved motherland?
The past is an inspiration for us:
 India’s ancient history is very rich and glorious. Once India was
considered the most prosperous and civilized country of the world. We
had a very rich and vast literature, the Rigveda is considered to be
the oldest book in the world. We had institutions of higher learning.
It attached scholar form foreign lands. We had reached great heights
in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and surgery. We had a long
tradition of fine textiles. In the past, India could develop a sense
of cultural and emotional unity. We believed then that there is only
one God and the same God can be worshiped in many names, forms, and
manners. Ashoka, Kanishka, Harsha and even the Mughal emperor Akbar
were very tolerant and secular. The great awakening and realisation
came with Jainism and Buddhism, and the influence of the later spread
far and wide beyond our boundaries. A. L. Basham, a great historian,
praised our country in these words, “India was a cheerful land whose
people reached a higher level of orderliness and gentleness than any
other nation. In no other country the relations of man and man and of
man and the state were so far and humane.” So our past is a source of
inspiration for us.
The past is a lesson for the present:
 Wise men take lessons from their past problems and mistakes. So our
country can take care that past mistakes are not repeated. Our past
warns us of the danger of getting entangled in our internal quarrels
and neglecting the defence of our frontiers. It opens our eyes to how
caste system divides our society in many parts and sows seeds of
separation and ill feeling. It reminds us that complicated social and
religious customs may lead to the break up of our society. If in the
past, India could become the world leader, there is no reason that it
should not be able to play a constructive role in the present day
world.
 Sources of Indian History
 Our history is of several thousand years. We learn about our past
from the various sources left behind by our ancestors and not
destroyed by time. History has to be based on facts and evidence of
various kinds. The evidences can be searched from literary sources,
inscriptions, coins, accounts of foreign people or visitors and
archaeological remains and monuments.
Literary Sources
 Among the religious literature, the Vedas, the Upanishads and the
two epics, Ramavana and Mahabharata tell us mostly of the history and
culture from the Vedic age to the Gupta period. Buddhist literature
and Jain literature also give us glimpses of the times. Puranas give
us some ideas of the political history of those times. Dramas, poems
and books written on law, administration, economics and grammar
provide us very interesting information about the life, habits,
customs, punishments and the normal problems of the people.
Accounts of Foreign People
 Herodotus (5th century B. C.) gave a detailed description of the
political conditions of North-West India, through he never visited
India. Aursian (4th century B. C.) gave details of the invasion of
Alexander. No Indian gave any account of this great happening.
Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador in Chandragupta Maurya’s court (4th
century B. C.) described in detailed the economic, political and
social life of the people. Among the several Chinese travellers, the
accounts of Fa-hiem (beginning of the 5th century AD) who came to the
court of Chandragupta II and Hieum-Tsang (7th century AD) who was
patronized by Harsha gave valuable accounts of the life of the people
and the administration of rulers.
Inscriptions
 Inscriptions are written records engraved on rocks, stone, pillars
and walls of temples. Most of the early inscriptions are in Brahmi or
Kharosti script. They provide enough material about the economic,
religious and social life of the people besides administrative
statements of kings. The inscriptions of Ashoka are the best examples
of administrative and religious types.
54 Muslims ostracised for supporting ‘Vande Mataram’
 FIFTY-FOUR pro-BJP Muslims were excommunicated and their marriages
nullified by a local Mufti after they reportedly expressed the view
that singing of national song Vande Mataram was not un-Islamic, a
fatwa which has sent ripples in the community in Agra.
 While issuing the fatwa, Mufti Abdul Quddus Rumi declared that
singing of the national song “would lead them (Muslims) to hell.”
 It was wrong for Muslims to sing Vande Mataram, the Mufti said,
adding, those advocating the song were deviating from the religion.
 The fatwa also nullifies the wedding of those ex-communicated.
Muslims who statement in favour of the national song should offer
prayers to renew their faith in Islam and remarry according to Islamic
rites, he said.

 That around 1963-64 one of P. N. Oak articles published in some
Gujarati papers claimed that all of Ahmedabad’s 1000 mosques were 1000
captured temples and the mains Bhadrakali temple was being misused by
Muslims as their Jama Masjid.
 Since Muslims are tutored to find every excuse to pick up a quarrel
with the Hindus. This was quite a novel, unheard of and unabashed plea
Thanks to Allah, perhaps no building by laws of any country demand
that every building must be shorter than the local mosque. Yet the
Muslims everywhere are a law unto themselves. Their nurture trains
them to be on a perpetual prowl and keep up a continuous growl to
terrify everybody and force every non-Muslim to declare himself a
Muslim that is how Islam was spread.
 On further effort they ascertained the writer’s name as P. N. Oak
and found out my address. The owner of the firm then wrote a pathetic
letter describing his anguish and shock at the Muslim demand and
requesting me to help him tide over the predicament by my historical
acumen.
 The Ahmedabad Muslim got the shock of their life. Never in history
had they ever got such a stunning retort and rebuff. A practical
instance is provided by the description in Muslim chronicles of a
magnificent Krishna temple in Mathura which Mohammad Ghazni says could
not have been completed even in 200 years, and another in Vidisha
(modern Bhilsa) which could take 300 years to build.
 Any identifiable details in earlier records of what is at present
known as Taj Mahal, luckily, Babur, the founder of the Moghul dynasty
in India, who was the great great grandfather of emperor Shahjahan,
has left us a disarming and unmistakable description of the Taj Mahal,
if only we have the inclimation and insight to grasp it.
 On page 192, Vol. II, of his Memories emperor Babur tells us Pp. 192
and 251, Memoirs of Zahir-Ed-Din Mohamad Babur, Emperor of Hindustan,
Vol. II, written by himself in the Chaagatai Turki. Translated by John
Layden and Willian Erskine; annotated and revised by Sir Lucas King,
in two volumes. Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1921. “On
Thursday (May 10, 1526) afternoon I entered Agra and took up my
residence at Sultan Ibrahim’s palace.” Later on page 251 Babur adds :
“A few days after the Id we had a great feast (July 11, 1526) in the
grand hall, which is adorned with the peristyle of stone pillars,
under the dome in the centre of Sultan Ibrahim’s palace.”
 It may be recalled that Babur captured Delhi and Agra by defeating
Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat. As such he came to occupy the Hindu palace
which Ibrahim Lodi, himself an allien conqueror, was occupying. Babur,
therefore, calls the palace at Agra which he occupied as Ibrahim’s
palace”.
 In describing it Babur says that the palace is adorned the peristyle
of pillars. Ornamental towers at the corners of the Taj Mahal plinth.
“Great hall” which is obviously the magnificent room which now houses
the cenotaphs of Mumtaz and Shahjahan. Further tells that in the
centre it had a dome. Thus it is clear that Babur lived in the palace
currently known as the Taj Mahal from May 10, 1526, until his death on
December 26, 1530, intermittently. That means that we have a clear
record of the existence of the Taj Mahal at least 100 years before the
death of Mumtaz (the so-called Lady of the Taj) around 1630.
 Vincent Smith tells us that “Babur’s turbulent life came to a
peaceful end in his garden palace at Agra.” This again is emphatic
proof that Babur died in the Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is the only palace
in Agra which had a spectacular garden. The Badshahnama refers to the
garden as “sabz zamini” meaning verdant, spacious, lofty, lush garden
precincts.
 “In the large octagonal hall (of the Mystic House) was set the
jewelled throne, and above and below it were spread out hangings
embroider with gold, and wonderful strings of pearls.”
 The octagonal hall of the Mystic House is obviously the central
octagonal hall of the Taj Mahal in which a hundred years later
Sahajahan raised the tomb of Mumtaz, and in 1666 Aurangzeb buried his
father emperor Shahjahan. The Taj Mahal is called the Mystic House
because it originated as a Shiva temple replete with Vedic motifs. The
same building was also called the Great House because it was a
magnificent royal residence.
 There are two sepulchral mounds in the central chamber of the Taj
which look like Muslim tombs, and could very well be those of Mumtaz
Mahal, one of thee thousands of consorts of Shahjahan, and of
Shahjahan himself. It is well known that many such mounds are fake.
Such mounds have sometimes been found on the terraces of historic
buildings where no dead person could be buried by one chance. Another
reservation is that no specific burial date of Mumtaz being on record
it is highly doubtful whether she was at all buried in the Taj. Period
is mentioned a between six months to nine years of her death. Such
vagueness, even after a special palatial mausoleum is stated to have
been constructed for her body, is highly suspicious. Manuchi, an
officer in the service of the East India Company during Aurangzeb’s
time, has recorded that Akbar’s tomb is empty. Who knows then whether
Mumtaz’s supposed tomb is not empty too. In spite of such weighty
reservations we are ready to presume that the two tombs could be those
of Mumtaz and Shahjahan.

 The judiciary in India also possesses inherent power, especially
under section 151 CPC, to recall its judgement or order if it is
obtained by fraud on Court. In the case of fraud on a party to the
suit or proceedings, the court may direct the affected party to file a
separate suit for setting aside the Decree obtained by fraud.
Inherent power are powers which are resident in all courts, especially
of superior jurisdiction. These powers spring not from legislation
but from the nature and the constitution of the Tribunals or Courts
themselves so as to enable them to maintain their dignity, secure
obedience to its process and rules, protect its officers from
indignity and wrong and to punish unseemly behaviour. This power is
necessary for the orderly administration of the court’s business.

 Since fraud affects the solemnity, regularity and orderliness of the
proceedings of the court and also amounts to an abuse of the process
of court, the courts have been held to have inherent power to set
aside an order obtained by fraud practiced upon that court.
Similarly, where a party misleads the court or the court itself
commits a mistake, which prejudices a party, the court has the
inherent power to recall its order. The court has also the inherent
power to set aside a sale brought about by fraud practiced upon the
court or to set aside the order recording compromise obtained by
fraud.
 “ Charges of fraud and collusion like those contained in the plaint
in this case must, no doubt, be proved by those who make them – proved
by established facts or inferences legitimately drawn from those facts
taken together as a whole. Suspicions and surmises and conjecture are
not permissible substitutes for those facts or those inferences. By no
means requires that every puzzling artifice or contrivance resorted to
by one accused of fraud must necessarily be completely unraveled and
cleared up and made plain before a verdict can be properly found
against him. If this were not so, many a clever and dexterous knave
would escape.”

 The legal maxims:- “Fraus et jus nunquam cohabitant” ( Fraud and
justice never dwell together) & “ Fraus et dolus nemini patrocinari
debent” ( Fraud and deceit defend or excuse no man). These maxims have
been reiterated in the decisions of Apex court. It has been observed
that it is in the inherent powers of superior courts to quash such
proceedings, which have been secured by playing the fraud or
misrepresentation. “ Fraud avoids all judicial acts, ecclesiastical
or temporal” observed Chief Justice Edward Coke of England about three
centuries ago. It is the settled proposition of law that a judgement
or decree obtained by playing fraud on the court is a nullity and non
est in the eyes of law. Such a judgement/ decree – by the first court
or by the highest court – has to be treated as a nullity by every
court, whether superior, or inferior. It can be challenged in any
court even in collateral proceedings have been reiterated.

 “ Since fraud affects the solemnity, regularity and orderliness of
the proceedings of the court and also amounts to an abuse of the
process of court, the Courts have been held to be inherent power to
set aside an order obtained by fraud practiced upon that court.
Similarly, where the court is misled by a party or the court itself
commits a mistake which prejudices a party, the court has the inherent
power to recall its order”.

 Therefore, no doubt that the remedy to move for recalling the order
on the basis of the newly discovered facts amounting to fraud of high
degree, cannot be foreclosed in such a situation. No court or
tribunal can be regarded as powerless to recall its own order if it is
through fraud or misrepresentation of such a dimension as would affect
the very basis of the claim.
 The Hon’ble supreme court has held in respect of the guarantees of
the fundamental rights to education to its citizen in Miss Mohini Jain
Vs state of Karnataka 1992 (3). S.C.C. Page 666, while dealing with
this aspect of constitutional bench in Unikrishanan J.P and others Vs
state of Andhra Pradesh (A.I.R 1993 S. C. Page 2178) has observed
"Learning is excellence of wealth that none can destroy, to man
nought ,else affords reality of joy". Quoting an old Sanskrit adage.
 "Liberation from ignorance which shrouds the mind, the liberation
from the superstition which paralysis efforts, liberation from
prejudices which blind the vision of the truth. "victories are gained,
peace is preserved , progress is achieved, civilisation is build-up
and history is made, not on the battlefield where ghastly murders are
committed in the name of patriotic , not in the council chambers were
insipid speeches are spun out in the name of debate, not even in
factories were are manufactured novel, institutions which are the seat-
beds of culture, where children in whose hands quiver the destinies of
the future, are trained. From their ranks will come out when they grow
up, statesman and soldiers, patriot and philosopher who will determine
the progress of the land.

 In Keshavanand Bharti Vs state of Kerala A.I.R 1973 S. C. Page 1431
Justice Matthew held "The fundamental rights have no fixed content,
most of them are empty vessels into which each generation must pour
its content in the light of its experience. It is relevant in this
context to remember that in building of just social order, it is
sometimes imperative that the fundamental rights should be somewhat
related to directive principles. The following rights are held to be
covered world under article 21.
 The right to live with human dignity free from exploitation (A.I.R
1980 S. C 849) and
 The right of livelihood (A.I.R 1986 S. C. 180) respectively were
also considered to be within ambit of article 21. Every endeavour has
been provided till now to make this article reverberate with life and
articulate with meaning. It has been held that authority not
performing their statutory duties to enforce laws for the protection
of environment inre- J.T 1996 (2) S. C 196 and J.T 1996 (7) S. C. 775
are jeopardising the right of life of the citizen. However the
authorities have still to provide protection by providing a fool
proof. Safety to the passengers travelling inside the fast moving
train to avoid disastrous accident endangering a cynical disrespect
towards the glorious contents of life in positive language and the
honourable court may interpret life of law to serve the social purpose
and felt necessity as sentinels on quinine as guardian of human rights
to the victim of fatal accidents, socio-economic crisis and criminal
actions to their dependants which is in the prevailing situation
installing a sense of fear at least by providing minimum of financial
security.
 Right to freedom of speech and expression includes a right to
express one’s convictions and opinions freely by words of mouth,
writing, printing, picture or in any manner under article 19 (1) (a)
of the constitution dealing with the provisions of section 5 (2) of
the telegraph act. Unless public emergency has occurred are the
interest of public safety demands, the authority have no jurisdiction
to exercise the power under the said section. The power vested under
section 5 (2) shall not be issued except by home secretary’s and there
shall be a review committee consisting of cabinet secretary, law
secretary and secretary telecommunications appointed by the governor.
It is not disputed that no rules have been framed for the conduct of
telegraph is under sections 7 (2) be of the act for providing
precaution and preventing the improper interception or disclosure of
messages for combating terrorism act within the bounds of the law and
not to become the law themselves. In order to bring transparency and
accountability, it is desirable that the officer arresting a person
should prepare a memo of his arrest at the time of arrest in the
presence of at least one witness may be the member of the family or
the respectable person of the locality. The date and time of the
arrest shall be recorded in the memo which must also be counter signed
by the arrested person.

 That the Hon’ble Supreme Court has provided a dimension to the
different articles in order to provide a guidelines for effective
administration of justice. It has been held that no religion
prescribes that the prayer are required to be perform through voice
amplifier or beating of the drum and use of microphone for the
purposes of attending the religious ceremonies has been prohibited in
Church of God (Full Gospel) in India Vs. K. K. R Majestic 2000 S.C.C
(7) 282. Thus despite the mandate by issuing the writ of mandamus by
the Hon’ble Supreme Court to the administration at large in the public
interest litigation’s through judicial activism, nothing has been
taken as granted to the public even after declaring the same as the
law of the nation. Thus the judicial procedure, which is based on a
tedious process, is required to be provided by foolproof system for
the benefit of the public. The comedy of error does not lie in our
celebrated principles but since there is a complete erosion of the
fear from the mind of the citizen indulge in violating the law and
there is no machinery to make a control upon the simple invasion of
such right, the public is bound to adhere what is given to it by the
grace of the public servant.
 That even article 226, viewed on under prospective may be mean to
ventilation of collective or common grievances as distinguished from
assertion of individual rights, although the traditional view, backed
by precedents has opted for the narrower alternative public interest
is promoted by a spacious consideration of laws standing our socio-
economic circumstances and conceptual latitudenariarism permits taking
liberties with individualization of the right to involve the higher
courts where the remedy is shared by a considerable number
particularly when they are weaker less litigation consistent with the
fair process is the aim of aim of adjective law.
 That the Freedom of expression may be necessarily including right of
information. There is no expression with out having an idea on the
subject, regarding which the expression of an individual may be given
effect to change the existing values an ideology which are based on
the notable extracts of certain facts .An enlightening informed
citizen would undoubtedly enhance democratic values (People’s Union
for Civil liberty (P U C L) Vs. Union of India) (2003) 4 SCC para 94.
 That “The freedom of speech and expression is basic to indivisible
from a democratic polity .It includes right to impart and receive
information. Restriction to the said right could be only as provided
in article 19(2). Right of a voter to know the bio-data of the
candidate is the foundation of the democracy. The old dictum let the
people have the truth and the freedom to discuss it and all will go
well with the Government should prevail. The true test for deciding
the validity of the Act is whether it takes away or abridges
fundamental right of the citizens. If there is direct abridgement of
the fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression, the law
would be invalid. If the provisions of the law violate the
constitutional provisions, they have to be struck down and that is
what is required to be done in the present case .It is made clear that
no provision is nullified on the ground that the Court does not
approve the underlying policy of the enactment. (Paras 69 to 71 and
66). (People’s Union for Civil liberties (P U C L) Vs. Union of India,
(2003) 4 SCC 399:AIR 2003 SC 2363.
 That “To control the ill effects of money power and muscle power the
commissions recommend that even the election system should be
overhauled and drastically changed lest democracy would become a
teasing illusion to common citizens of this country. Not only a half
hearted attempt in the direction of the reform of the election system
is to be taken as has been done by the present legislation by amending
some provisions of the act here and there, but a much improved
election system is required to be evolved to make the election process
both transparent and accountable as that influence of tainted money
and physical force of criminals do not make democracy a farce the
citizens fundamental “Right to Information” should be recognized and
fully effectuated (Para 127) (People’s Union for Civil liberties (P U
C L) Vs. Union of India,(2003) 4 SCC 399:AIR 2003 SC 2363.
 That It has Been held that “The newspapers serve as a medium of
exercise of freedom of speech. The right of its shareholder to have a
free press is a fundamental right. Advertisements in newspapers play
an important role in the matter of revenue of the newspaper and have a
direct nexus with its circulation. For the purpose of meeting the
costs of the newsprint as also for meeting other financial liabilities
which would include the liability to pay wages, allowances and
gratuity etc. To the working journalist as also liability to pay a
reasonable profit to the share holders vis-a-vis making the newspapers
available to the readers at a price at which they can afford to
purchase it , the petitioners have no other option but to collect
more funds by publishing commercial and other advertisements in the
newspaper.(Paras 33,36,34and 38) .Hindustan Times Vs State of U. P.
(2003) 1 SCC 591,AIR 2003 SC 250,(2003) 1 LLJ 206: (2002) 258 ITR 469.
 That it is said the doubts would be called reasonable if they are
free from a zest for abstract speculation. Education is an investment
made by the nation in its children for harvesting a future crop of
responsible adults productive of a well functioning society, however
children are vulnerable. They need to be valued, nurtured, caressed
and protected. Imparting of education is state function thus since the
human mind is not a tape recorder , it would make a perfect
reproduction later in the society .It is said that every state action
must be informed by reason .Thus the freedom of expression which
includes “right to know “ may be allowed to be enjoyed by the citizen
to the fullest possible extent without putting shackles of avoidable
cob web of rules and regulations putting restriction on such freedom .
Justice has no favorite, except the truth. A reason varies in its
conclusion according to the idiosyncrasy of the individual and the
times and the circumstances in which he thinks.
 That In Bijoe Emmanuel Vs. state of Kerala (1986) 3 SCC 615 , the
question raised in the aforesaid case as to whether three children who
were faithful to Jehovah’s witnesses may refuse to sing any national
anthem or salute the national flag of our country despite being the
student in the school where during morning assembly the national
anthem is sung by other children the circular issued by the director
of public instruction Kerela provide obligation of school children to
National Anthem .Thus these children were expelled. The Hon’ble
Supreme court while setting aside the aforesaid order of expulsion of
the children from the school was pleased to examine as to whether the
children faithful to Jehovah’s witnesses, a worldwide sect of
Christianity may be compelled against tenets of their religious faith
duly recognized and well established all over the world which was
upheld by the highest court in United States of America, Australia and
Canada and find recognition in Encyclopedia Britannica.

 That Article 25 of the constitution if India secures to every
person, subject of course to public order, health and morality and
other provisions of Part III, including Article 17 freedom to
entertain and exhibit outward acts as well as propagate and
disseminate such religious belief according to his judgement and
conscience for edification of others. The right of the State to impose
such restrictions as are desired or found necessary on grounds of
public order, health and morality is inbuilt in Arts. 25 and 26
itself. Article 25(2)(b) ensures the right of the State to make a law
providing for social welfare and reforms besides throwing open of
Hindu religious institutions of a public character to classes and Ss.
of Hindus and any such rights of State or of the communities or
classes of the society were also considered to need due regulation in
the process of harmonizing the various rights. The vision of the
founding fathers of the Constitution to liberate the society from
blind and ritualistic adherence to mere traditional superstitious
beliefs sans reason or rational basis has found expression in the form
of Art. 17. The protection under Arts. 25 and 26 extends a guarantee
for rituals and observances, ceremonies and modes of worship which are
integral parts of religion but as to what really constitutes an
essential part of religion or religious practice has to be decided by
the courts with reference to the doctrine of a particular religion or
practices regarded as parts of religion (Para 180 N. Adithayan Vs.
Travancore Devaswom Board ,(2002) 8 SCC 106:2002 3 KLT 615.

 That Article 25(2)(b) lays down that the State can make any law
providing for social welfare and reform or the throwing open of Hindu
religious institutions of a public character to all classes and
sections of Hindus. Under this provision, the State can eradicate
social practices and dogmas, which stand in the way of the progress of
the country. The right to freedom of religion does not prevent the
State from throwing open all Hindu religious institutions of a public
character to all classes and sections of Hindus. Public institutions
would include temples dedicated to the public as a whole and also
those founded for the benefit of sections or denominations thereof .
However this right is not absolute or unlimited in character. No
member of the Hindu public can demand that a temple must be kept open
for worship at all hours of day and night. Likewise, he cannot demand
that he must be allowed to perform personally those religious services
which the Acharyas alone can perform. The legislature cannot invade
the traditional and conventional manner in which the actual worship of
the deity is allowed to be performed.
 That the right protected by Article 25 (2)(b) of the Constitutions
is a right to enter into temple for purposes of worship and it should
be construed liberally in favour of the public. However it does not
follow that right is absolute and unlimited in character. No member of
the Hindu public couls claim as part of the rights protected by
Article (2)(b) that a temple must be kept open for worship at all
hours of the day and night or that he should personally perform those
services which the Archakas alone could perform. It is the practice of
religious institutions to limit some of its services to persons who
have been specially initiated, though at other times . The public in
general is free to participate in the worship .The right recognised by
Article 25(2)(b) must necessarily be subject to some limitations or
regulations. The right of a denomination to wholly exclude members of
the public from worshipping in the temple, though comprised in Article
26(b),must yield to the over riding right declared by Article 25(2)(b)
in favour of the public to enter into a temple for worship. Where the
right claimed is not one of general and total exclusion of the public
from worship in the temple at all times but of exclusion from certain
religious services, the question is not whether Article 25(2)(b)
overrides that right so as to extinguish it but whether it is possible
so to regulate the rights of the persons protected by Article 25(2)
(b),as to give effect to both the rights. If the denominational rights
are such that to give effect to them would substantially reduce the
right conferred by Article 25(2)(b),then on the conclusion that
Article 25(2)(b) prevails as against Articles 26(b),the denominational
right must vanish. Where after giving effect to the rights of the
denomination what is left to the public of the right of worship is
something substantial and not merely the husk of it , there is no
reason why court should not so construe Article25(2)(b) as to give
effect to Article 26(b) and recognize the rights of the denomination
in respect of matters which are strictly denominational , leaving the
rights of the public in other respects unaffected. The exclusive right
of the members of the community to worship for all the time will be
hit by Article 25(2)(b) and cannot be recognized . On special
occasions, it is only the members of the Gowda Saraswath Brahmin
community that have the right to take part therein and on those
occasions, all other persons would be excluded.

 That the message to charity and compassion is to be found in all
religious without any exception. Only because charity and compassion
are preached in every religion, the same by itself would not be a part
of the “religious practice” within the meaning of Art.25. Thus the
religion of Christianity encouraging the Christians to practice
charities to attain spiritual salvation is of not much relevance for
that purpose. (Paras 47 and 48 ).
 That the Renouncement of the world and preaching for renouncement of
the world have no correlation with tenets of Art 25 (Paras 54 and
55).John Vallamattam Vs. Union of India .(2003) 6 SCC 611: AIR 2003
SC 2902 :(2003) 3 KLT 66.
 That the contention with regard to the rights under Art.25 or Art.26
of the Constitution which are subject to “public order, morality and
health” are not required to be dealt with in detail mainly because as
stated earlier no religion prescribes or preaches that prayers are
required to be performed through voice amplifiers or by beating of
drums. In any case, if there is such practice, it should not adversely
affect the rights of others including that of being not disturbed in
their activities. (Para 13). Church of God (Full Gospel) in India Vs
K.K.R Majestic Colony Welfare Assn.(2000) 7 SCC 282:2000 SCC (Cri )
1350 :AIR 2000 SC 2773 .

 That the grievance that the judgement in Sarla Mudgal Vs. Union of
India (1995) 3 SCC 635 amounts to violation of the freedom of
conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
is also far-fetched and apparently artificially carved out by such
persons who are alleged to have violated the law by attempting to
clock themselves under the protective fundamental right guaranteed
under Article 25 of the Constitution. No person, by the judgement
impugned, has been denied the freedom of conscience and propagation of
religion. The rule of monogamous marriage amongst Hindus was
introduced with the enactment of the Hindu Marriage Act. The second
marriage solemnized by a Hindu during the subsistence of a first
marriage is an offence punishable under the penal law. Freedom
guaranteed under Art. 25 of the Constitution is such freedom which
does not encroach upon a similar freedom of other persons. Under the
constitutional scheme every person has a fundamental right not merely
to entertain the religious belief of his choice but also to exhibit
this belief and ideas in a manner which does not infringe the
religious right and personal freedom of others. ( Para 62). Lily
Thomas Vs. Union of India, (2000) 6 SCC 224. :2000 SCC ( Cri) 1056:
AIR 2000 SC 1650 : 2000 Cri LJ 2433.
 That no religion prescribes or preaches that prayers are required to
be performed though voice amplifier or by beating of drums. In any
case , if there is such practice , it should not adversely effect the
rights of others including that of being not disturbed in their
activities. ( Para 13) Church of God ( Full Gospel) in India Vs.
K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Assn. (2000) 7 SCC 282.
 That Undisputedly, no religion prescribes that prayers should be
performed by disturbing the peace of others nor does it preach that
they should be though voice amplifiers or beating of drums. In a
civilized society in the name of religion, activities which disturb
old or infirm persons, students or children having their sleep in the
early hours or during daytime or other persons carrying on other
activities cannot be permitted. Aged, sick people afflicted with
psychic disturbances as well as children up to 6 years of age are
considered to be very sensitive to noise. Their rights are also
required to be honoured. (Para 2)
 That even under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, rules for
noise-pollution level are framed which prescribe permissible limits of
noise in residential, commercial, industrial areas ,or silence zone .
The question is, whether the appellant can be permitted to violate the
said provisions and add to noise pollution. Even to claim such a right
itself would be unjustifiable. In these days, the problem of noise
pollution has become more serious with the increasing trend towards
industrialization, urbanization, and modernization and is having many
evil effects including danger to health. It may cause interruption of
sleep, effect communication, loss of efficiency, hearing loss of
deafness, high blood pressure, depression, irritability, fatigue,
gastro-intestinal problems, allergy, distraction, mental stress and
annoyance etc. This also affects animal alike. The extent of damage
depends upon the duration and the intensity of noise. Sometimes it
leads to serious law and order problem. Further, in an organized
society, rights are related with duties towards others including
neighbors. (Para 3) Church of God ( Full Gospel) in India Vs. K.K.R.
Majestic Colony Welfare Assn. (2000) 7 SCC 282.
 That the rival submissions of the following question arose for
consideration of the present bench Islamic Academy of Education Vs.
State of Karnataka (2003) 6 SCC 697.(1) whether educational
institutions are entitled to fix their own fee structure ;(2) whether
minority and non minority educational institutions stand on the same
footing and have same rights ;(3) whether private unaided professional
colleges are entitled to fill in their seats ,to the extent of
100%,and if not ,to what extent ;and (4) whether private unaided
professional colleges are entitled to admit students by evolving
their own method of admission.
 That “Sri Aurobindo originated the philosophy of cosmic salvation
through spiritual evolution which could universally be accepted by
anyone. He propagated the theme of Integral Yoga. The disciples and
devoted followers of Sri Aurobindo formed, the Aurobindo Society In
Calcutta in 1960/It was initially registered under the Societies
Registration Act,1860, but after the enforcement of W. B. Societies
Registration Act,1961,it was deemed to be registered under the Act.
After the death of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother, the Government on
receiving complaints about mismanagement of the affairs of the
Society, appointed a Committee under the Chairmanship of the Governor
of Pondicherry with representatives of the Government of Tamil Nadu
and the Ministry of Home Affairs in the Central Government to look
into the matter. A team of competent auditors confirmed the
allegations about the mismanagement of the affairs of the Society,
misuse of funds of the Society and diversion of the funds meant for
Auroville. The construction work in Auroville became stagnant and the
internal disputes gave rise to the problem of law and order. The
society lost complete control over the situation. The members of the
Auroville approached the Government of India to give protection
against oppression and victimization at the hands of the Society.
Having regard to the report and recommendations of the committee an
Act was passed which provided for taking over the management of
Auroville for a limited period.
 That One restriction is that freedom of religion is subject to
public order, morality and other provisions of Part III of the
Constitution. In Ramji Lal Modi Vs. State of U.P., the Supreme Court
held that the right to freedom of religion assured by Articles 25 and
26 is expressly made subject to public order, morality and health. It
cannot be predicated that freedom of religion can have no bearing
whatever on the maintenance of public order or that a law creating an
offence relating to religion cannot under any circumstances be said to
have been enacted in the interests of public order. Section 295-A of
the Indian Panel Code does not penalise any and every act of insult to
or attempt to insult the religion or religious beliefs of a class of
citizens but it penalises only those acts of insult of the religion or
the religious beliefs of class of citizens which are perpetrated with
the deliberate and malicious intention of outraging the religious
feeling of that class. Insults to religion offered unwittingly or
carelessly or without any deliberate or malicious intention to outrage
the religious feeling of that class do not come within this section.
It only punishes the aggravated form of insult to religion when it is
perpetrated with the deliberate and malicious intention of outraging
the religious feelings of that class. The calculated tendency of this
aggravated form of insult is clearly to disrupt the public order.


 Where the public functionaries were involved in such a malafide and
colourable exercise of power that may abridge or abrogate the right
of livelihood of a citizen duly guaranteed under Article 21 of the
Constitution, the remedy will still be available under the public law
notwithstanding that a suit could be filed for declaring the aforesaid
transaction as void. This remarkable judgement is an exemplar of a
verdict given in a socially sensitized manner containing a complex
exception to show the people beacon light in favour of poor uneducated
exploited mass who need a helping hand from the legal profession and
also from the Hon’ble Courts. This is an attempt to prevent contagious
virus of corruption, which is opposed to democracy and social order.
Unless this corruption is nipped in the bud that is likely to cause
turbulence by a dreaded communicable disease, the same will crumble
the socio political system under its own weight.

 That Partition of India was purely a political game fought with a
mark of religious fundamentalism the speech of Quaid Azam Zinnah on
11-08-1947 who vehemently advocated the two nation theory was
enunciated the Government of Pakistan policy has also realised the
folly committed in accepting partition on communal lines in these
words:-
“If you change your past and work together in spirit that every one of
you , no matter what community he belongs to, no matter what his
colour , caste or creed , is first , second and last , a citizen of
this state with equal rights, privileges and obligation there will be
no end to the progress you will make. I cannot emphasis it too much ;
we should begin to work in that spirit , and in course of time , all
these angularities , of the majority and minority communities, the
Hindu community and the Muslim community , because even as regards
Muslims, you have Pathans, Punjabis, Shias , Sunnis, and so on and
among the Hindus you have Brahmins , Vaishnavas, Khatris also Bengalis
Madrasi’s and so on , will vanish. You may go to your temples, Mosques
or any religion or caste or creed, that has nothing to do with the
business of the state …….We are starting with the fundamental
principle that we all citizens and equal citizens of one State….”
 It will be instructive to sun up this discourse with the observation
of Hon’ble Chief Justice Bhagwati in Sukh Das. “It is common knowledge
that 70 percent of the people living in rural areas are illiterate and
even more than that percentage of the people are not aware of the
rights conferred upon them by law. Even literate people do not know
what are their rights and entitlements under the law. It is this
absence of legal awareness which is responsible for the deception,
exploitation and deprivation of rights and benefits from which the
poor suffer in this land. Their legal needs always stand to become
crisis-oriented because their ignorance prevents them from
anticipating legal troubles and approaching a lawyer for consultation
and advice in time and their poverty magnifies the impact of the legal
trouble and difficulties when they come. More over, because of their
ignorance and illiteracy, they cannot become self-reliant; they cannot
even help themselves. The law ceases to be their protector because
they do not know that they are entitled to the protection of the law
and they can avail of the legal service programme for putting an end
to their exploitation and winning their rights. The result is that
poverty becomes with them a condition of total helplessness. This
miserable condition in which the poor find themselves can be added to
situations” (1986) 2 SCC 401).
 Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib Sehravardi, (1981) 1 SCC 722: 1981 SCC
(L&S) 258

 The council for Public Interest Law set up by the Ford Foundation in
USA devined “public interest litigation, 1976 as follows:
 “Public interest law is the name that has recently been given to
efforts that provide legal representation to previously unrepresented
groups and interest. Such efforts have been undertaken in the
recognition that ordinary marketplace for legal services fails to
provide such services to significant segments of the population and to
significant interest. Such groups and interests include the proper
environmentalists, consumers, racial and ethnic minorities and
others.”
 The court has to be satisfied about: (a) the credentials of the
applicant; (b) the prima facie correctness or nature of information
given by him; (c) the information being not vague and indefinite.
Court has to strike balance between two conflicting interest: (I)
nobody should be allowed to indulge in wild and reckless allegations
besmirching the character of others; and (II) avoidance of public
mischief and to avoid mischievous petitions seeking to assail, for
oblique motives, justifiable executive actions. In such case, however,
the court cannot effort to be liberal. It has to be extremely careful
to see that under the guise of redressing a public grievance, it does
not encroach upon the sphere reserved by the Constitution to the
executive and the legislature. The court has to act ruthlessly while
dealing with imposters and busybodies or meddlesome interlopers
impersonating as public-spirited holy men. They masquerade as
crusaders of justice. They ported to act in the name of probono
publico, though they have no interest of the public or even of their
own protect.”
 “It is of utmost importance that those who invoke the Supreme Court
jurisdiction seeking a waiver of the locus standi rule must exercise
restraint in moving the court by not plunging in areas wherein they
are not well vessed. Such a litigant must not succumb to spasmodic
sentiments and behave like a knight-errant roaming at well in pursuit
of issues providing publicity. He must remember that as a person
seeking to espouse a public cause he owes it to the public as well as
to the court that he does not rush to court without undertaking a
research even if he is qualified or competent to raise the issue.
Besides, it must be remembered that a good cause can be lost if
petitions are filed on half-baked information without proper research
or by persons who are not qualified or competent to raise such issues
as the rejection of such a petition may affect the third party’s
right. Lastly it must be borne in mid that no one has a right to the
waiver of locus standi rule and the court should permit it only when
it is satisfied that the carriage of proceeding is in the competent
hands of a person who is genuinely concerned in public interest and is
not moved by other extraneous consideration. Also, the court must be
careful to ensure that the process of the court is not sought to be
abused by a person who desires to persist with his point of view.”
 “The court must never forget that the jurisdiction extends no
further than the legitimate limits of its constitutional powers and
avoid trespassing into political territory which under the
Constitution has been appropriated to the other organs of the State.”
 “When the court entertains public interest litigation it does not do
so in a caviling spirit or in a confrontational mood or with a view to
tilting at executive authority or seeking to usurp it, but its
attempts is only to ensure observances of social and economic rescue
programme, legislative as well as executive, framed for the benefit of
the ‘have nots’ and the handicapped and to protect them against
violation of their basic human right.”
 “PIL may, therefore, be described as satisfying one or more of the
following parameters. These as not exclusive but merely descriptive:
 Where the concern underlying a petition are not individualist but
are shared widely by a large number of people (bonded labour,
undertrial prisoners, prison inmates).
 Where the affected persons belong to the disadvantaged sections of
society (women, children, bonded labour, unorganised labour etc.).
 Where judicial law making is necessary to avoid exploitation (inter-
country adoption, the education of the children of the prostitutes).
 Where judicial intervention is necessary for the protection of the
sanctity of democratic institutions (independence of the judiciary,
existence of grievances redressal forums).
 Where administrative decision related to development are harmful to
the environment and jeopardize people’s right to natural resources
such as air or water.”
 “It is for this reason that in public interest litigation –
litigation undertaken for the purpose of redressing public injury,
enforcing public duty, protecting social, collective, ‘diffused’
rights and interests or vindicating public interest, any citizen who
is acting bona fide and who has sufficient interest has to be accorded
standing.”
 “But we must be careful to see that the member of the public, who
approaches the court in cases of this kind, is acting bona fide and
not for personal gain or private profit or political motivation or
other oblique consideration. The court must not allow its process to
be abused by politicians and others to delay legitimate administrative
action or to gain a political objective. Andre Rabie has warned that
‘political pressure groups who could not achieve their aims through
the administrative process’ and we might add, through the political
process, ‘may try to use the courts to further their aims’. These are
some of the dangers in public interest litigation, which the court has
to be careful to avoid. It is also necessary for the court to bear in
mind that there is a vital distinction between locus standi and
justiciability and it is not every default on the part of the State or
a public authority that is justiciable. The court must take care to
see that it does not overstep the limits of its judicial function and
trespass into areas, which are reserved to the executive and the
legislature by the Constitution. It is a fascinating exercise for the
court to deal with public interest litigation because it is a new
jurisprudence, which the court is evolving, a jurisprudence that
demands judicial statesmanship and high creative ability. The
frontiers of public law are expanding far and wide and new concepts
and doctrines, which will change the complexion of the law and which
were so far as embedded in the womb of the future, are beginning to be
born.
 Before we part with this general discussion in regard to locus
standi, there is one point we would like to emphasis and it is, that
cases may arise where there is undoubtedly public injury by the act or
omission of the State or a public authority but such act or omission
also causes a specific legal injury to an individual or to a specific
class or group of individuals. In such cases, a member of the public
having sufficient interest can certainly maintain an action
challenging the legality of such act or omission, but if the person or
specific class or group of persons who are primarily injured as a
result of such act or omission, do not wish to claim any relief and
accept such act or omission willingly and without protect, the member
of the public who complains of a secondary public injury cannot
maintain the action, for the effect of entertaining the action at the
instance of such member of the public would be to foist a relief on
the person or specific class or group of persons primarily injured,
which they do not want.”
 “It is only when courts are apprised of gross violation fundamental
rights by a group or a class action or when basic human rights are
invaded or when there are complaints of such acts as shock the
judicial conscience that the courts, especially this Court, should
leave aside procedural shackles and hear such petitions and extend its
jurisdiction under all available provisions for remedying the
hardships and miseries of the needy, the underdog and the neglected. I
will be second to none in extending help when such help is required.
But this does not mean that the doors of this Court are always open
for anyone to walk in. it is necessary to have some self-imposed
restraint on public interest litigants.”
 “It is thus clear that only a person acting bona fide and having
sufficient interest in the proceeding of PIL will alone have a locus
standi and can approach the court to wipe out the tears of the poor
and needy, suffering from violation of their fundamental rights, but
not a person for personal gain or private profit motive or any oblique
consideration. Similarly, a vexation petition under the colour of PIL
brought before the court for vindicating any personal grievance,
deserves rejection at the threshold.”
 “[T]he busybodies meddlesome interlopers, wayfarers, or officious
interveners having absolutely no public interest except for personal
gain or private profit either for themselves or as proxy of others or
for any other extraneous motivation or for glare of publicity break
the queue muffling their faces by wearing the mask of public interest
litigation, and get into the courts by filing vexations and frivolous
petitions and thus criminally waste the valuable time of the courts
and as a result of which the queue standing outside the doors of the
court never moves which piquant situation creates a frustration in the
minds of the genuine litigation and resultantly they lose faith in the
administration of our judicial system.”
 “Normally before such a project is undertaken, a detailed
consideration of the need, viability, financing and cost-effectiveness
of the proposed project and offers received takes place at various
levels in the Government. It there is a good reason why the project
should not be undertaken, then the time to object is at the time when
the same is under consideration and before a final decision is taken
to undertake the project. If breach of law in the execution of the
project is apprehended, then it is at the stage when the viability of
the project is being considered that the objection before the
appropriate authorities including the court must be raised. We would
expect that if such objection or material is placed before the
Government, the same would be considered before a final decision is
taken. It is common experience that considerable time is spent by the
authorities concerned before a final decision is taken regarding the
execution of a public project. This is the appropriate time when all
aspects and all objections should be considered. It is only when valid
objections are not taken into account or ignored that the court may
intervene. Even so, the court should be moved at the earlier possible
opportunity. Belated petitions should not be entertained.
 The same considerations must weigh with the court when interim
orders are passed in such petitions. The party at whose instance
interim orders are obtained has to be made accountable for the
consequences of the interim order. The interim order could delay the
project, jettison finely worked financial arrangements and escalate
costs. Hence the petitioner asking for interim orders in appropriate
cases should be asked to provide security for any increase in cost as
a result of such delay or any damages suffered by the opposite party
in consequence of an interim order. Otherwise public detriment may
outweigh public benefit in granting such interim orders. Stay order or
injunction order, if issued, must be molded to provide for
restitution.”
 In our constitution scheme it is not possible to vest the Chief
Justice of India with any control over the puisne Judges with regard
to conduct, either personal or judicial. In case of breach of any rule
of the Code of Conduct, the Chief Justice can choose not to post cases
before a particular Judge against whom there are acceptable
allegations. It is possible to criticises that decision on the ground
that no enquiry was held and the Judge concerned has no opportunity to
offer his explanation particularly when the Chief Justice is not
vested with any power to decide about the conduct of a Judge. There is
no adequate method or machinery to enforce the Code of Conduct. On
account of this lacuna in-house procedure has been adopted for inquiry
to be made by the peers of Judges for report to the Hon’ble the Chief
Justice of India in case of a complaint against the Chief Justice or
Judges of the High Court in order to find out the truth of the
imputation made in the complaint and that in-house inquiry is for the
purpose of his own information and satisfaction. A report made on such
inquiry if given publicity will only lead to more harm than good to
the institution as Judges would prefer to face inquiry leading to
impeachment. It is not appropriate for the petitioner to approach the
Supreme Court for the relief or direction for release of the report,
for what the Chief Justice is India has done is only to get
information from peer Judges of those who are accused and the report
made to the Chief Justice of India is wholly confidential. The said
report is only for the purpose of satisfaction of the Chief Justice of
India that such a report has been made. It is purely preliminary in
nature, ad hoc and not final. If the Chief Justice of India is
satisfied that no further action is called for in the matter the
proceeding is closed. If any further action is to be taken as
indicated in the in-house procedure itself, the Chief Justice of India
may take such further steps as he deems fit. Therefore, in the
hierarchy of the courts, the Supreme Court does not have any
disciplinary control over the High Court Judges, much less the Chief
Justice of India has any disciplinary control over any of Judges. That
position in law is very clear. Thus, the only source or authority by
which the Chief Justice of India can exercise this power of inquiry is
moral or ethical and not in exercise of powers under any law. Exercise
of such power of the Chief Justice of India based on moral authority
cannot be made the subject matter of a writ petition to disclose a
report made to him. (Paras 2 and 3)
 The constitution referred to by the petitioner is stated to have
been constituted as a part of in-house procedure. The inquiry ordered
and the report made to the Chief Justice of India being confidential
and discreet is only for the purpose of his information and not for
the purpose of disclosure to any other person. It is no doubt true
that in a democratic framework free flow of information to the
citizens is necessary for proper functioning particularly in matters,
which form part of a public record. But right to information is not
absolute. The claim for a direction to any professional and
independent investigating agency to conduct an inquiry into the said
alleged incident cannot be accepted because appropriate course for the
petitioner would be to approach the authorities concerned as
enumerated in Art. 217 of the Constitution. (Paras 3, 4 and 6)
 If the petitioner can substantiate that any criminal offence has
been committed by any of the Judges mentioned in the course of the
petition, appropriate complaint can be lodged before a competent
authority for taking action by complying with requirements of law.
There is hardly any need for the Supreme Court to give any such
direction in the matter. Therefore, this petition is not being
entertained. (Para 7). Indira Jaisingh v. Registrar General, Supreme
Court of India, (2003) 5 SCC 494: (2003) 3 KLT 198.
 Tata Cellular v. Union of India (1994) 6 SCC 651, Monarch
Infrastructure (P) Ltd. v. Commr., Ulhasmagar Municipal Corpn. (2000)
5 SCC 287, W. B. S E B v. Patel Engg. Co. Ltd. (2001) 2 SCC 451 and
LIC of India v. Consumer Education and Research Centre (1995) 5 SCC
482: AIR 1995 SC 1881.
 The legal right of an individual may be founded upon a control or a
statute or an instrument having the force of law. For a public law
remedy enforceable under Article 226 of the Constitution, the actions
of the authority need to fall in the realm of public law – be it a
legislative act of the State, an exercise act of the State or an
instrumentality or a person or authority imbued with public law
element. The question is required to be determined in each case having
the aforementioned principle in mind. However, it may not be possible
to generalize the nature of the action, which would come either under
public law remedy or private law field nor is it desirable to give
exhaustive list of such actions.
 “There is thus no doubt that the High Courts in India exercising
their jurisdiction under Article 226 have the power to issue a writ of
mandamus or a writ in the nature of mandamus or to pass orders and
give necessary directions where the Government or a public authority
has failed to exercise or has wrongly exercised the direction
conferred upon it by a statute or a rule or a policy decision of the
Government or has exercised such discretion mala fide or on irrelevant
considerations or by ignoring the relevant considerations and
materials or in such a manner as to frustrate the object of conferring
such discretion or the policy for implementing which such discretion
has been conferred. In all such cases and in any other fit and proper
case a High Court can, in the exercise of its jurisdiction under
Article 226, issue a writ of mandamus or a writ in the nature of
mandamus or pass orders and give directions to compel the performance
in a proper and lawful manner of the discretion conferred upon the
Government or a public authority, and in a proper case, in order to
prevent injustice resulting to the parties concerned, the court may
itself pass an order or give directions which the Government or the
public authority should have passed or given had it properly and
lawfully exercised its discretion.”
 “Mandamus which is a discretionary remedy under Article 226 of the
Constitution is requested to be issued, inter alia, to compel
performance of public duties, which may be administrative, ministerial
or statutory in nature. Statutory duty may either directory or
mandatory. Statutory duties, if they are intended to be mandatory in
character, are indicated by the use of the words, ‘shall’, or ‘must’.
But this is not conclusive as ‘shall’ or ‘must’ have, sometimes, been
interpreted as ‘may’. What is determinative of the nature of duty,
whether it is obligatory, mandatory or directory, is the scheme of the
statute in which the ‘duty’ has been set out. Even if the ‘duty’ is
not set out clearly and specifically in the statute, it may be implied
as correlative to a ‘right’.
 In the performance of this duty, if the authority in whom the
discretion is vested under the statue, does not act independently and
passed on order under the instructions and orders of another
authority, the Court would intervene in the matter, quash the order
and issue a mandamus to the authority to exercise its own discretion.”
 “Obligatory duties must be distinguished from discretionary powers.
With the latter mandamus has nothing to do: it will not, for example,
issue to compel a minister to promote legislation. Statutory duties
are by no means always imposed by mandatory language with words such
as ‘shall’ or ‘must’. Sometimes they will be the implied counterparts
of rights, as where a person ‘may appeal’ to a tribunal has a
correlative duty to hear and determine the appeal. Sometimes also
language which is apparently merely permissive is construed as
imposing a duty, as where ‘may’ is interpreted to mean ‘shall’. Even
though no compulsory words are used, the scheme of the Art may imply a
duty.
 Having developed from a piece of purely administrative machinery,
mandamus was never subject to the misguided notion which at one time
afflicted its less fortunate relative certiorari, that it could apply
only to ‘judicial’ functions. Administrative or ministerial duties of
every description could be enforced by mandamus. It was, indeed,
sometimes said that this remedy did not apply to judicial functions,
meaning that where a public authority was given power to determine
some matter, mandamus would not lie to compel it to reach particular
decision. The law as to this is explained below under ‘Duty to
exercise jurisdiction’.
 The fact that the statutory duty is directory as opposed to
mandatory, so that default will not invalidate some other action or
decision, is no reason for not enforcing it by mandamus.”
 “However, this concept of democracy as rights-based with limited
governmental power, and in particular of the role of the courts in a
democracy, carries high risks for the judges and for the public.
Courts may interfere inadvisably in public administration. The case of
Bromley London Borough Council v. Greater London Council (1983) 1 AC
768: (1982) 1 ALL ER 129: (1982) 2WLR 62 (HL) is a classic example.
The house of Lords quashed the G L C cheap fares policy as being based
on a misreading of the statutory provisions, but were accused of
themselves misunderstanding transport policy in so doing. The courts
are not experts in policy and public administration – hence Jowell’s
point that the court should not step beyond their institutional
capacity (Jowell, 2000). Acceptance of this approach is reflected in
the judgements of Laws, L. J. in International Transport Roth GmbH v.
Secy.
 In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) 1 SCC 248. Dealing with
the scope and purport of Article 19 (1) the Bench held: (SCC pp.
306-07, para 29)
 [E]ven if a right is not specifically named in Article 19 (1), it
may still be a fundamental right covered by some clause of that
article, if it is an integral part of a named fundamental right or
partakes of the same basic nature and character as that fundamental
right. It is not enough that a right claimed by the petitioner flows
or emanates from a named fundamental right or that its existence is
necessary in order to make the exercise of the named fundamental right
meaningful and effective. Every activity which facilitates the
exercise of a named fundamental right is not necessary comprehended in
that fundamental right nor can it be regarding as such merely because
it may be possible otherwise to effectively exercise that fundamental
right. What is necessary to be seen is, and that is the test which
must be applied, whether the right claimed by the petitioner is an
integral part of a named fundamental right or partakes of the same
basic nature and character as the named fundamental right so that the
exercise of such is in reality and substance nothing but an instance
of the exercise of the named fundamental right. If this be the correct
test, the right to go abroad cannot in all circumstance be regarded as
included in freedom of speech and expression.
 Article 19 – Burden of Prove – Nature and Extent of Right –
Distinguished form statute rights – Dhram Dutt v. Union of India
(2004) Vol. 1 SCC 712 – a restriction on the activities of the
Association is not a restriction on the activity on the individual
citizen forming membership of Association – Indian Council of World
Affairs Act, 2001 under challenged – Right and Restriction to be dealt
with Article 19 (2) to (6) Article 300–A and 19 (1) (f) – Tibia
Collage case AIR 1962 SC 448 followed. Society is incapable of holding
property.
 That Article 14 has a pervasive potency and a versatile quality,
equilitarian in its soul, but allergic to discriminatory dictates. It
is well known that equality is anti-thesis to arbitrariness. Since the
license may not be given to a blind man to drive a car, how worthwhile
it may be to give the similar license to a criminal to do every sort
of atrocities being committed by indulging into the crime of the
innocent people. There are inherent restrictions applicable for the
enforcement of the individual personal right under article 19, which
empowers the state to enforce reasonable restriction on the exercise
of the right of the people in the interest of sovereignty, integrity
of India security of the state, friendly relations with foreign state,
public order, decency or morality etc. including the incitement to an
offence pertaining to the reasonable restrictions regarding freedom of
speech and expression, to assemble ,to form associations and freedom
to reside and move freely throughout the territory of India.
 That by the constitution (first amendment) Act 1951, there have been
further restrictions to practice any profession, or to carry on any
occupation, trade or business for professional or technical
qualification as well as carrying on any occupation, trade or business
by the state and its instrumentality to the exclusion, complete or
partial, of citizens. Thus the question arises as to whether there may
not be a valid test of classification based on qualities or
characteristics necessarily coupled with the object of legislation
based on intelligible differential, which has certain nexus with the
realities of the time to dealt with the law and order situation by
providing necessary restriction over the unchecked liberty granted to
the individual detrimental to its integrity and sovereignty for
prohibition to avail the benefit of equality clause by taking the
rescue for forbid classification. . There cannot be any enforceable
fundamental right to an individual for indulging in anti national
activities. Thus the verdict given by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in
Minerva Mills Limited Vs Union of India 1980 (3) SCC 625 is required
to be reviewed for effective enforcement of the duties caste upon the
citizen by passing through the test of "Form and Object" and "Pith and
Substance" to mould and replace by the test of "Direct and Inevitable"
effect.
 Arts. 21 and 19 – Communal Riots – “Best Bakery Case” – Macabre
killings arising out of communal frenzy – Failure of State machinery
to protect citizens’ life, liberties and property, and investigation
in a manner helpful accused persons – Duty of courts arising therefrom
to maintain confidence of the public in the judicial system – Courts
to ensure that accused persons are punished and the might and
authority of the State are not used to shield itself or its men –
Deficiencies in investigation or prosecution to be dealt with an iron
hand, appropriately within framework of law – Judicial criminal
administration to be kept clean and beyond the reach of whimsical
political wills or agendas and properly insulated from discriminatory
standards of the type prohibited by the Constitution – Role of State
Government in not getting the offenders to book deprecated in the
strongest terms – Described as “modern-day ‘Neros’ ” who looked
elsewhere whilst innocent children and helpless women were burning –
As “wanton boys” who’s ‘flies’ law and justice had become, which they
killed for their sport – And as ‘fences that swallowed their crops’.
Zahira Habibulla H. Sheikh vs. State of Gujarat.(2004)4 SCC 158.


 That this writ petition is moved in the Public Interest, for a
National Cause, to establish the truth there is no private interest or
any other oblique motive, or any other personal gain. The petitioner
institution, known as Institute for Re-writing Indian History, Thane,
having registration no. F-1128 (T) is a public trust. The founder
president of the trust is Shri P.N. Oak S/o Late Shri Nagesh Krishna
Oak, R/o- Plot no. 10, Goodwill Society, Aundh, Pune.411007, who has
written number of books namely 1. World Vedic Heritage, 2. The
Tajmahal is a Temple Place, 3.Some Blunders of Indian Historical
Research, 4. Flowers Howlers, 5. Learning Vedic Astrology, 6. Some
Missing Chapters of World History, 7. Agra red Fort is a Hindu
Building, 8.Great Britain was Hindu Land, 9. The Taj Mahal is
Tejomahalaya a Shiva Temple, 10.Who Says Akbar was Great, 11. Vedic
Guide to Health, Beauty, Longevity and Rejuvenation, 12. Islamic Havoc
in Indian History.

 That the founder-President of Petitioner’s Institution namely Shri
P. N. Oak is a National born Citizen of India. He resides permanently
at the address given in case title. The petitioner is a renowned
author of 13 renowned books including the books, titled as, “ The Taj
Mahal is a Temple Place”. This petition is related to Taj Mahal,
Fatehpur- Sikiri, Red-fort at Agra, Etamaudaula, Jama- Masjid at Agra
and other so called other monuments. All his books are the result of
his long-standing research and unique rediscovery in the respective
fields. The titles of his books speak well about the contents of the
subject. His Critical analysis, dispassionate, scientific approach and
reappraisal of facts and figures by using recognised tools used in the
field gave him distinction through out the world.

 That in 1968 A. D Sri P.N. Oak written his first book titled as Taj
Mahal is TEJO-MAHALAYA : A SHIVA TEMPLE. In 1974 A. D. It is submitted
that in the Carbon dating test –14 conducted of the doors timber
placed on the Northern side of Taj Mahal building now removed from
its location Towards Yamuna River at Dashara Ghat and Basai Ghat from
where the public could have a glance towards Shiva Temple constructed
at the top of Raja Mansingh Palace Which was in Occupation of his
grand Son Raja Jai Singh, when it was forcibly taken by Emperor
Sahajahan for burial of Arjumand Bano( Mumtaj )W/o Emperor Shahajahan
Died in between and buried at Burhanpur and her body Exhumed after
about 6 months.

 That this book is being well accepted in India and abroad. The
popular nostalgia for legendary love has helped fan then flame of
Shahjahan’s mythical attachment to Mumtaz into a raging fire,
enveloping the Taj in the dazzle of leaping flames and blinding smoke
of imaginary accounts, discouraging the cool, dispassionate research
about its origin It has raised no controversy. Since the reasons given
therein supported with documented record have proved conclusively the
findings and conclusions of the author. Thus the objective of the
research conducted by the petitioner No.2 is not to cultivate any
animosity or any thing to invade the feeling of any citizen, except
the exposure of the truth to the citizen, historians and to the young
generation, as they may not be mislead by falsehood, in order to swept
away by the impulse of terrorist oriented approach of the
fundamentalist under our secular democratic structural approach in the
preamble of our constitution.

PARAMETERS FOR THE SATISFACTION REGARDING

 That the great “Kshatriya community” pride to defend their faith and
the culture of our country against foreign invasions in converting the
monuments by the foreign invaders requires a sacrificial magnanimity
and moral purity in the exposure of the truth to the public and
thereby to safeguard their right of freedom of information couched
under Article 19(1) (a) is the theme behind the writing this Article
and the present Petition .The serene beauty, majesty and grandeur of
the Taj Mahal, one of the seventh wonders of the world and other
monuments is still not so well known to the world regarding the true
story of its origin. The magnificent palace, which was built earlier
got converted into the Tomb .The changeover has proved a shroud
deluding from lay visitors to the researchers and the great historian
Sri P.N. Oak, a co-worker of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. The popular
nostalgia of legendary love to get the conversion of every Hindu
Palace/Temple due to mythical attachment from fanatic raging fire
converting dazzle of leaping flames and blinding smoke should be
discouraged into a cool research regarding the origin. This is
required to check a different form of terrorism prevalent amongst the
crusader of the death to the innocent victim on the psychological
level. Let us examine the scared truth about the origin of the
monuments.
 That the said book, which is the ‘ research paper’ of the author on
the subject that the so-called “Taj Mahal “ is not a monument built
by an Invader Emperor Shahajahan in memory of his late wife but a
Hindu Shiva Temple which was converted into a love-memorial by a
Invader Emperor. The true copy of the book was first published in
1968, 2nd edition on 1969, 3rd edition in 1974 namely THE TAJ MAHAL IS
TEJO-MAHALAYA: A SHIVA TEMPLE. And large 4th edition published in 1993
shall be produced is being directed by this Hon’ble Court.
 That the aforesaid book containing 35 pages –booklet lists serially
numbered 118 points of evidence with may be treated as the submission
made before this Hon’ble Court for making following demands (I) The
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) be ordered to remove forthwith
its notices at the entrance to the Taj Mahal in Agra attributing its
creation to Shahjahan, since those notice in English, Hindi and Urdu
are false and baseless and quota no authority.(II) Misuse of the left
– flank building as a mosque be banned since the entire premises
constitute a pre-Shahjahan Tejo Mahalaya Shiv Temple complex. (III)
Free entry on Fridays be ordered to be discontinued since there being
no genuine mosque in the premises why should the Government lose a
day’s revenue! (IV) If Free entry on Fridays is not discontinued then
Mondays should also be free-entry days because that is a day of
special Shiv worship. (V) The Tej Mahal, its two flanking buildings
and a well being all seven-storied they enclose over a thousand rooms
which should all be thrown open to visitors since they are charged an
entrance free. (VI) The A.S.I. be ordered to remove its locks from
those storied and also pull down the crude un plastered walling-up by
Shahjahan of staircases, ventilators and doorways leading to those
sealed rooms. (VII) The A.S.I. be directed to search for hidden
historical evidence such as inscriptions, divine idols etc. in those
sealed rooms and thick walls tampered with by Shahjahan. (VIII) The
water in the seven-storied wall be pumped out to look for jettisoned
valuable and inscription etc. at its bottom when Shahjahan’s Mogul
troops swooped to confiscate that temple palace complex and the
bullion, gems, gold-pitcher, the gem-studded gold-railing and the
Peacock Throne inside, owned by Raja Jaisingh of Jaipur. (IX) Beating
of Nagaras (drums) at auspicious dawn and dusk hours be resumed as of
yore in the two Nagarkhanas in the premises. (X) Since the Taj has two
cenotaphs each in the name of Shahjahan and Mumtaz in two stories at
least one each of those two pairs of cenotaphs must be fake since
Mughals don’t cut their dead into two pieces to be buried under two
cenotaphs it is believed. Even the basement cenotaphs could be genuine
because they are two storied higher than the Yamuna river bed ground
level. Therefore the ASI be directed to investigate which of those
cenotaphs if any are genuine or whether both are fakes or whether
there are any more fake cenotaphs upto the ground level ? (XI) The
Koranic graft patched along the entrance arches be ordered to be
removed since those are illegal forged imposition to be Islamic
lettering desecrating the ancient sacred Shiv shrine. (XII) Extensive
repairs to the hundreds of sealed or locked rooms in the stories
beneath and above the marble floor be ordered to be undertaken
immediately to prevent collapse of the Tajmahal from internal
weakness. (XIII) The A.S.I. should be directed to investigate as to
who stenciled the Arabic letter ‘Allah’ and some Englishmen’s names on
the mental pinnacle shift rooted in the dome, since no such names
exits on the full scale replica of the pinnacle shaft inlaid in the
red stone courtyard on the eastern flank of the Tajmahal. (XIV) The
Mughal attendants squatting by the side of the cenotaphs should be
decommissioned and disbanded because the cenotaphs are fakes covering
the ancient Shivlings. (XV) Since the towering seven-storied Tajmahal
edifice must have been raised over an underground basement the ASI
should be directed to investigate whether there is any such hidden,
buried basement as was the ancient Vedic practice.
 That in 1155- 1158 A.D. It is said that Raja Paramdardi Dav, a Jaat
Ruler on his behalf and on behalf of the Minister Salakahan who
constructed Tejoji Mahal which came in occupation Of Raja Man Singh
and remain in possession of Raja Jai Singh when It was taken for
conversion to Taj Mahal, for the purposes of shifting the remains of
Arjumand Bano( Mumtaj )W/o Emperor Shahajahan Died In between
1629-1632 and buried at Burhanpur and her body Exhumed after about 6
months (as disclosed in Shahajan Badshahnama written by Mulla Abdul
Hameed Lahori).
 That, it is said that in 1629-1632 A.D. Arjumand Banu ( Mumtaj )W/o
Emperor Shahajahan Died in between and was buried at Burhanpur and
her body may be Exhumed after about 6 months. It is submitted that
1641-1668 A.D. is probable period of the shroud deluding changeover
of Hindu Palace/Temple as Mughal Monument/ Graveyard. It is submitted
that in 1652 A.D. Aurangzeb Letter showing his somsidern about need of
elaborate repairs of Taj Mahal.. If Taj Mahal was constructed in 1641
to 1668, why Aurangzeb sought for elaborate repair. It was nothing,
except for changing the authorship of building as Mughal monument. In
1658 A.D. Emperor Shahjahan died. Their after his graveyard was also
placed in Taj Mahal near the graveyard of Arjumand Banu ( Mumtaj )W/o
Emperor Shahajahan. It appear that Koranic in graving dragged for
camouflaging Hindu building with Mughal Lattering as a hoary
tradition, which is evidence Adhai-Din-Ka-opda at Ajmer which was a
part of vigragharaj Vishandeo’s palace an also at Qutuvminar with a
legerdemain of Islamic carvings on it.
 That in 1843 A.D., the Governor General Lord Auckland with his
lieutenant Cunningham tempered entire historical data of the
archeological department by conversing the authorship of these Hindu
palaces to Mughal monument for adopting the policy of “Divide and
Rule”. A deep Conspiracy Committed By Lieutenant Alexander Cunningham
in 1842-1847.
 That in 1951 A D., the provision of “The Ancient And Historical
Monuments And Archaeological Sites And Remains (Declaration Of
National Importance) Act, 1951”are further intensified the falsehood
of these Buildings by shifting the authorship of these monuments. Thus
this Writ Petition is filed seeking declaration to the extend of
declaring the ancient and historical monuments and other and
Archaeological Sites namely Taj Mahal. Fatehpur-sikiri, Agra Red Fort,
Ethmadualla and other Monuments as built by Mugal invaders allegedly
on the basis of report submitted by Then Governor General, Lord
Auckland, and young lieutenant Alexander Cunningham conceived
indigenous scheme of “Divide and Rule”and thereby misusing the
archaeological studies, be declared as ultravires to Article 19 (1)
(a), 25,26 49 And 51-A (f) (h) Constitution of India.
 That this Hon’ble Court may further declare the provision of Ancient
and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
(Declaration of National Importance) Act, 1951 (71 of 1951), The
Ancient Monuments And Archaeological Sites And Remains Act, 1958 of
declaring these ancient building/ monuments preserved with such false
Mughal identity with out any scientific inquiry/ investigation as
purported Mughal monuments / Graveyards as unconstitutional and void.


The relevant extract of the destruction of the Hindu Temple is reveled
through Badshah-nama, which is written by Abdul Hamid Lahori as
Under:-

 That the entire world is being fool by the fundamentalist follower
of the Mughal invaders by drawing the attention of the tourist to the
self exposure of the truth through falsehood, which will be revealed
to every conscience citizens by introspection’s of the preaching given
to the visitors by the self proclaimed guide of these monuments. It is
submitted that can there be two graves of Arjuman Bano, Mumtaj Zilani
and Shah Jahan on 3 – 4 floor of the building at two places at the
same time. There is also an interesting phenomena, which is hidden
regarding the existing monuments having the octagonal well for the
supply of the water inside the Red Stone building having the different
idols, deities and the symbol of worship of the Hindu religion ,
mysteriously covered with hypothetical justification , which are
concealed for visiting by the tourist even at the cost of collapsing
the monument of Taj Mahal . The similar structure providing the
coverage to the big building towards its right and left side have been
deflected to be to mosque and the replica on the other hand.
 That the external symbol of love. Close on the heels of the debate
over the exact date of Taj Mahal’s construction, doubts have now been
raised whether it was actually constructed by the Mughal emperor
Shahjahan or not! It is latest twist to the legend of the Taj , by
the President of the Institute of Re-writing Indian History of Pune
claiming that the Taj Mahal was actually Tejo-Mahalaya, a Shiva temple
that was taken from Jaipur Maharaja Jaisingh by Sahajahan for the
burial of his beloved Mumtaj Mahal .
 That the petition points out that Shahjahan’s own court chronicle,
the Badshahnama, admits (on page 403, vol.1) that a grand mansion of
unique splendour, capped with a dome ( Imaarat-e-Alishan wa gumbaza)
was taken from the Jaipur King and was then known as Raja Man Singh’s
Palace.
 That the Aurangzeb, therefore ordered immediate repairs to the
building, while recommending to the emperor for more elaborate
repairs later, which is a proof that during the Shahjahan’s reign
itself the Taj complex was so old as to need immediate repairs, said
the petition while quoting the points from the book of P.N. Oak,
Founder Director of the Institute of Re-writing Indian History.

 That apart from this it is submitted that the petitioner no.2, Sri
P.N. Oak has categorically asserted through his writing in the
different research work conducted by making the publication of the
different books published from time to time. That prior to the
prorogation of the Islam is religion and the Christianity, there was
the vedic culture prevelant through out the world. There was the
destruction of Hindu temples and reconverting of the same to the
Mughal monuments, the valuable construction raised in the pre-vedic
era was abrogated and subjugated to the naught and the different
Sanskrit terms have been mispronounce carving out to the different
languages of Persian, English, German, and even the French language.
Thus the conclusion in escapable that as the peacock throne having
many valuable gems, which was captured upon the accession of emperor
Shah Jahan, was taken Diamonds, Rich Pearls and emeralds having the
valuation of Rs. 20 Million was taken away by these invaders.
 That according to British Historian Keene Agra Red Fort has been in
existence from the pre Christian era. It has been revealed by
historical evidence of the writing of the different foreign historians
published posthumously in India. That the ancient Hindu King Great
King Ashoka ( Third century B.C.) and Great King Kanishka (first
century B.C.) had lived in that fort. Thus the claim setup by the
mediable Mughal falterers, that Akbar built the Agra Red Fort is based
on falsehood. The lower portion of the building comprising of three
caves leading to the different monuments hidden inside the Agra Red
Fort having the connectivity there of to these national monuments, who
claims to be the protector of these ancient monuments of Archeological
importance after enactment of the Waqf Act 1995.
 The petitioner also filing the writing displayed inside Taj Mahal
building having the purported Taj Mosque having the admission of gold
plated Kalash measured 30 feet 6 inches replaced by Captain Joseph
Tailor in 1810, while the second replacement of very gold Kalash in
1876 and the third replacement in 1940.
 That the petitioner is making the exposure of the falsehood on the
basis of the photographs taken the closer lances showing the writing
of Koranic script upon the tiles by making the grooves in the marble
and having the imposture there upon after removal of the original
Sanskrit description comprising of 34 stanzas, which has been found
written upon the Bateshwar inscription and having the description
there of in the research work of conducted by Shri P.N. Oak through
his writing namely The Taj is a Temple Place on Page No. 198 having
recital of 24,25 and 34 Stanzas relevant for establishment. That Taj
Mahal was built as temple of Lord Shiva, while Etmauddola was having
the ideal of Lord Vishnu, which were constructed by the King Parmarde
Dev or on his behalf by his Minister Salakshan in 1212 , Vikram era
Ashwani Subday 5th day of Purnima (the bright luner fort night).
 That On the other hand, it is resplendent immortal tear drop of
deception by converting the glorified palace comprising of four storey
building having a Shiva Temple on the top of “Tejo-Mahalya” (a palace
of Lord Shiva commonly known as Tejo Ji by Jat predominating
inhibition of ‘Taj Ganj’ area at Agra) on the cheek of time (probably
during Aurangzeb period which became the downfall of the Mughal
period). The Archeological Department alleges the construction of the
building from 1628 A. D. onward upto 1656 A. D. as displayed on the
marble stone planted outsides the gate of Taj Mahal.
 That the other aspect of the truth is hidden behind the four storey
building of the Palace covered with the mud comprising of the four
garden towards the front side while towards the back side adjoining to
Yamuna river the lower portions of the building could not be covered
with the mud which demonstrate that the policy of ‘Hide and Seek’ has
been adopted to provide a coverage of the period of actual
construction of the building of Taj Mahal from the entire world.
Inside the palace there is the stone carving of the religious deity
and an octagonal well for supply of the water in the under ground
rooms numbering from 44 rooms at the bottom while 17 rooms situated
under the Chameli-Farsh on the riverside.
 That the petitioner has also filed the inscription having Koranic
script leveled upon it for indicating the same to be the Mughal
monuments. The Petitioner has also filed the hidden portion of Anoop
Mahal having so many construction leading to the underground building
of Fatehpur Sikri , which is not shown to the public by filling the
water on the entrance Gate by the fundamentalists under the coverage
of Waqf Board, which is now converting every symbol of Hindu origin by
having a plaster upon the aforesaid historical evidences. The
Petitioner is also filing the Snake like appearance having the
appearance of “Shesh Nag”, which is said to have the entire Gate of
the earth upon its hoods according to the Hindu Vedic scripture. Had
there been the construction of these monuments by the Mughal Emperor,
they would have never created such type of the Hindu Religions
identity inside these monuments!?
 That the stairways now closed and shut down cleverly with the stone
slabs by the custodian of the building namely the walk Board after
promulgation of walk Act 1995, further provides the coverage to the
deceptiveness of falsehood. It is curious to note that the arches on
the riverside have been closed up with rough brick-masonry which has
been eased exteriorly- towards the Yamuna river with red stone slabs
bearing carved designs. This masonry which is still going on inspite
of the restriction imposed under the Ancient Monument and
Archeological sites and Remains Act, 1958 and the Ancient and
Historical Monument and Archeological sites and Remains (Declaration
of National Importance) Act 1951.
 That the basement, which is comprising of the Red Stone has been
converted by deleting the sign of Hindu construction of the building.
Shah Jahan died in Agra Fort in captivity in the early hours of the
night of Monday, the 26th Rajab A. H. 1076/1666 A. D. Jahanara,
daughter of Mumtaj Mahal was also living with Shah Jahan after the
death of Arjumand Bano Begum. On his death R’ an Andaaz Khan, the
commander of Fort, Khurajah Phul came into Ghusal-Khanah where Sayyed
Mohammad Kannauji and Qaji Kurban, chief Qaji of Agra were called
upon. At Muthamman Burj where Emperor Shah Jahan had died. His body
was transported by boat through Darwaja Nashab of the Muthamman Burj
and the outer Sher Haji Gate, which are now closed for the public.
 That, the claim set-up by the Archeological Department that Taj
Mahal was started during the regime in1628 and completed in 1656, when
Shah Jahan was alive is a falsehood. The Tombstone are not monolithic,
but are composed of exquisitely dressed with marble slabs of different
sizes. The symbolic Motifs like Swastika, Cakra, Satkona (hexagon),
panchkona (pantagon), Sankh (wnch-shell) in the reverse order moving
anti-clock wise are found in every Mugal monuments situated at Delhi,
Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Humayun’s Tomb, Akbari-Mahal, Jahangiri Mahal
and at the Moti Majid of Agra Fort and Janis Masjid of Fatehpur Sikri
and at Akbari-Tomb (Sikandra, Agra) are the symbol of Hindu worship.
 The octagonal basement is the reciprocator of ten directions which
is known only under Hindu Traditions includes Earth and the sky apart
from eight directions while the other religions namely Christianity
and Mugal consider only four directions. The animate motifs like
peacocks, fishes are worshipped by the Hindu the geometrical element
like triangle, square, rectangle found at Taj Mahal and also at
Fatehpur Sikri and Moti Masjid of Agra are the symbols of Hindu
Traditional used during the Hindu festival at the entrance of the Home
side. Satkona and other weapons namely Ankush (elephant goad), trishul
(trident), Bana (arrow), parasu (mini-axe) are seen in the large
number of their variations which may be seen ad masons marks at Taj
Mahal and Fatehpur Sikri.
 That on the other hand ,the only imposter made by the invaders
during Mugal period are the fixation of the Koranic Script out side
these monuments after reshuffling of the main temple and the Sanskrit
writing on the temple, the description of which is found in “BATESWAR
INSCRIPTION” now preserved in side the Lucknow Museum revealing the
date of construction of Hindu temple by Raja Paramdardi Dev, a Jat
Ruler in 1155-1158, while the palace remain in existence even prior to
such period, may be seen by the close scrutiny of the tiles planted on
the main and side gates of the temple.
 That the common symbols found at Fatehpur Sikri, constructional
technique of all these building in one category which are commonly
represented as Hindu religious symbols building. The letter of the
Director General of Archeological Survey of India, New Delhi Bearing
D. O. letter number 54/16/73-M dated 22nd /24th May 1973 to Dr. R.
Nath, Professor of History Department and Historical research
Documentation Programme, Jaipur acknowledge the truth. It is alarming
that although the voice of the great historical was raised before the
pavement stones of the main plinth of tomb of Humayun was replaced by
orthodox Mughals, the preservation of the mason’s mark by the circle
superintending archeologists of the different regions would not be
maintained despite assurance given by then Director General M. L. Desh
Pande in reply to the letter written by Prof. R. Nath on 15th May
1973,.
 That it has been revealed to the general public on the basis of the
investigation conducted by the Senior Editor of Amar Ujala, Sri Bhanu
Pratap Singh, S/O Jagdish Prasad Verma, R/O MIG 1A-107, Shastri Puram,
Sikandara, Bodala Road, Agra, that there has been the significant
number of the facts and also on the basis of the evidence collected
that there are two floor red stone building below the white marble
construction of Taj Mahal. On the ground floor, there were toilets for
the use of residents of the Royal palace while the living apartment
are situated on the first floor. There are octagonal buildings
submerged inside the great historical monument which has been
purported to be the graveyard inside the middle of the white stone
building while towards the left side there is the mosque and on the
right side the replica of the same as alleged by the fundamentalists,
individualists, supported by the protective appeasement policy by
enactment by the Wakf Act, 1995.
 That it has been further revealed that the doors affixed towards
Yamuna side were found for being carved out from the wooden material,
which were found to be aged about more than 800 years at Brookline
University, through carbon dating test conducted in America and as
such these doors have been mysteriously disappeared by the interested
parties under the garb of maintenance of building under the provision
of Waqf Act,1995. There are more than ten chambers of the ground
floor, which have been sealed while twenty two chambers were hidden
inside the red stone building, for which, there is description in
Moinuddin Book “The Taj and its Environments”.
 That similarly there are number of the remains of the deities/
temples like structures lying there in Fatehpur Sikri, which signifies
the construction of the temple from more than two thousand years
before. The discovery of “Yakchh Idol” fragmented deity comprising of
significant sculptures work and a Shiva- Linga of 3.5 feet height and
a deity of the Vishnu have been recovered from the adjoining areas of
Fatehpur Sikri. There has been the demand of the people to declare
Fatehpur Sikri as an Ancestor Heritage City, which remained in
existence even prior to the period of before arrival of Christianity,
when Lord Mahavira’s Jain religion was in existence. The first Jain
pilgrimage of Rishi Bhagdev statue was recovered having the
description of “Om, Samvat 1079 Jaishth Sudi 11 Ravi Swaty
Nakshatray” , The transcription of “Sri Vimlacharya samtane suplok cha
dhanpatti tambhya karya titti” has been discovered written upon the
same. This signifies that in 1022 AD Din (Day) Swaty Nakshatray- Sri
Sambhaw Nath IIIrd Jain pilgrimage statue was constructed by the son
of Sri Vimlacharya namely Pawan Srawak Devraj and his wife Dhanpatti.
These idols are hidden inside the earth in Sikri village, while on the
top hillside of Fatehpur Sikri, there are the existence of the temple
of Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and Maa Durga which are still hidden inside
the earth. This is still a secret, that who have committed this
scaffolding in order to provide the extinction of Vedic literature
from the access of the people.
 Let us examine the alleged expenditure set to have been incurred in
construction of Taj Mahal. It is alleged that the measurement of the
size of Red Stone paved platform in front of main gateway of Taj Mahal
is 211.6 feet into 86.3 feet. The height of the main gateway is 100
feet. The diagonal of the optagonal hall of the main gateway is 41.6
feet while the size of each wing on the internal side of the main
gateway is 360 feet by 29.3 feet. While the size of the mosque-zamat
Khana or Mahman Khana are 186 x 51.9 inch length of the mosque is 186
feet. The height of each minaret from the level of the garden to the
apex of the Kalash is 162.6 feet while according to the record of
Survey of India the southeast minaret and north-east minaret are
132.21 and 131.30 feet respectively. 243.6 is the total height of the
main mausoleum the total height of domb from the base of the drum to
the apex of the final is 145.8-1/4 inches. The distance from terrace
on the internal side of the gateway to the central marble tank is
412.6 feet. These are the list of the various measurements of the Taj
recorded by Moinuddin.
 That the cost of a gate of onyx with mosaics and the gems has been
recorded as rupees 21,482 approximately while the network enclosure of
silver and gold for the cell was approximately counted as rupees
45,687. According to Moinuddin the weight of the Kalash of the main
dome is 33 “Mounds” and its cost is Rs. 13,688/- only. The cost of the
tower of Minar Mahal (Burj Minar Mahal Shah-Nashin Aiwan-Haye Khanah)
is counted as Rupees 4,77,449 approximately. The whole marble complex
resting on the Chameli Farsh (comprised of plinth, four minarets and
the main tomb) was built at the cost of rupees 1,05,23,063 which is
more than one-fourth of the total cost incurred by Shah Jahan. It is
for the people to muster sufficient courage and be in a position to
exercise a little scholarly discretion regarding the truth of these
dates which will conform that there was no construction of the
original structure but the scaffolding of the existing structure by
imposture of Koranic Script and the replacement of Sanskrit verses
signifying the construction the Hindu Shiva Temple already in
existence prior to Mughal invasion The peacock throne.
 That the institute of Islamic history culture and civilization
Islamabad, Pakistan has published a book on Thatta Architecture in
1982. This book disclose the monument built by Mughal through bricks
in their regions. It is important to notice that there is brick built
structure set have been raised during Shah Jahan period at Thatta.
There is no other name of any other Mughal ruler for construction of
the mosque of Tughril Begh showing the new technique to dome
construction dated 1059 A. D. / 1649 A. D. by Shah Jahan. The tomb of
Esa Khan II Tarkhan having the domed tomb with pillared galleries
dated 1054 A. H. /1644 A. D. On these construction everywhere you may
find the octagonal brick built tomb with Hindu Symbol decorating the
ceiling with Vedic scripture and paintings but these monuments have
least preserved by Archeological Department at Pakistan.
 That the tomb is enclosure of Bqqi Begh Uzbek showing the chronical
dome on octagonal drum is said to have been constructed on 1050 A.
H. / 1604 A. D. The elevations of the grave stones of Diwan Shurfa
Khan showing the engraving decorated in typical Tarkhan Style on the
side of Cenotaph is dated 1038 A. H. / 1638 A. D. which is said to
have been construction during Shah Jahan reign at Thatta. The Amir
Mohammad Khan mosque at Thatta is a high soldiered single domed square
brick built structure depicting glazed tiles of Mughal Shah Jahan
period is dated 1039A. H. / 1629A. D.. The Janis Mosque of Thatta is
said to have been built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan which has triple
entrance of newly laid garden infront of mosque with water fountains
playing in the middle of water channels and cypress trees surrounding
to the corridors is dated 1054 A. H. / 1647 A. D. during Shah Jahan
period. The ceiling of the main entrance of Janis Mosque showing the
wooden dross glazed pannels enamelled tiling of the wall, squint and
interlaced arch at the underside of the half domb with a ceiling with
sunflower at the apex giving the effort of starry sky are certainly
the Hindu Religious symbols of architect which have been converted as
the Mughal monuments by Archeological Department of Islamabad. Thatta
came under the Mughals after Mirza Zani Begh captured the city and
there after his son Mirza Begh later renamed as Jagirdar of Thatta
came to the power during Shah Jahan period.
 That It is said that Governor brick building known as Miran Shah
tomb and mosque is situated north-east of Sekhjia Tomb at Shahi Bazaar
Thatta. The inscriptions fixed over the Mihrab were built by Nawab
Abdul Razzaq Muzaffar Khan. The mosque of Jami Masjid is built by Shah
Jahan at Thatta in 1644 A. D. which was completed in 1647 A. D. But
the floor was paved with the stone in 1657 A. D. It is said that the
first repair of the mosque was carried out by Aurangzeb. Thus, it is
manifestly clear that on one hand the mosque os Jami Masjid was
constructed by Emperor Shah Jahan from 1644 A. D. upto 1657 A. D. was
in progress by the different inscriptions while on the other hand it
is said that Taj Mahal was constructed after the death of Mumtaz
Zilani commencing from the period of 1628 A. D. / 1658 A. D. as
Emperor Shah Jahan was arrested thereafter and remained confined till
his death in 1666 A. D.
“The Archeological survey of India reports (brought out under
Alexander Cunningham) are feeble, inane and all but useless
 The pioneer, In English daily newspaper of Lucknow it was observed
that “The Archeological survey of India reports (brought out under
Alexander Cunningham) are feeble, inane and all but useless and the
Government has reasons to be ashamed of the majority of the volume. It
appears that Cunningham planted false Mughal cenotaphs inside Hindu
building, inserted Koranic over writing on Hindu edifices and
sponsored the fabrication of documents to be given to Mughal caretaker
for conversion of the Hindu Building like Taj Mahal, Red fort,
Fatehpur Sikri, Sikandara, Etmadudullah built by Hindu rulers to the
Mughal monuments. Let us begin with the dubious instance of 230 ft.
high tower called as Qutub Minar to which historian claims to have
been built by Qutbbuddin Aibak from 1206-1210 A.D.
 The other historian claims that it was built by his son in law and
successor Iltmash while other claim it to be built by Allauddin
Khilji. The fourth view is of Ferozshah Tuglaq while the fifth view is
that all these rulers jointly or severely built the tower. Everyone
knows that there is no basis for the above assertion. But the truth is
known to the public by mere seeing the sight of Qutub Minar that the
same is having so many deity and temple adjoining to this monument.
These historians may be impeached for gross dereliction of their duty
and for committing cheating upon the conscience of the public. The
truth is not amenable to all individual as no one could dare to become
vigilant enough and to collect true version about the mediaeval
township of Hindu rulers.We therefore caution the world of history not
to place any faith in Anglo-Mughal translations of Mughal lettering or
documents made hitherto.
 The ancient Indian history is remarkable from the time of the epic
of Ramayana and Mahabharata. There are the evidence that their exists
the Hindu palaces having the creation of it by the marble and other
precious stone. In the ancient time there was sculpture based on our
ethical and religious concepts. The cultural heritage was in existence
in the form of iron pillars, the mandate of the ruler on copper
scripts and the creation of the artistic image indicating civilization
on the different religious temple of the contemporary period. These
were the valuable antiques which were ruthlessly destructed by the
foreign invaders. The portraits of the ruler and their
identification could be seen on the rocks and coins of the relevant
period which are hidden inside the earth due to the barbaric
destruction of our Hindu heritage. The prominent place of thsee
heritage found are at Mohinjaddeo , Harrapa (Sind) ,Takshila (Punjab),
Kaushambi, Sarnath, Mathura(Uttar Pradesh), Patilaputra , Nalanda
(Bihar), Rajgiri , Sanchi, Burhotra (Madhya Bharat),Agadi, Vanvasi,
Talkand and Maski (south).
 There has been number of articles written by foreign visitors/
delegates/diplomat and Ambassdors amongst whom Magastahenes from
Domiscus (Syria) and Deoneses (Egypt) are prominent .The descirption
of the great ruler Sri Chandragupta Maurya may be found in the writing
of Magasthenes. The chinese writer Faiyan left the glimpse of
Vikramaditya period thereafter Honchong came to India and remained
here for about 15 years who has described the period of Harshavardhan
religious and social coordination. Harshvardhan was the prominent
ruler of our nation. At the last we may get some description from the
article of Alavruni who came along with Mohammed Ghaznavi and examined
the traditions of Hindu which are described in (Tahikate hind )
 Thus the civilization at Sindh river at Harappa has got the enormous
storing capability of the food articles which were distribute by the
Hindu rulers during their ‘Anustan’ in the different part of our
country .The discovery of ‘Godam’ meant for storage of the grains is
still found in Harrapa civilization which has become a part of
Pakistan after th division of our country. It is evident that the
people of the contemporary period were having their expertise in
molding the copper pots for storage of the valuable herbal extracts
meant for providing the cure from the ailments. All these cultural
heritage of our Hindu civilization has not been preserved by our
archeological department.
 The period of destruction after reaching to the optimum heights
after the propagation of Jain religion and Buddhism, may be relate
back from the period of Ajatshatru , Nand Samrajya when Sikander
invaded our country in 267 B.C. at Peshawar. He fought a battle from
King Puru near Jhelum river and due to natural calamity of
unprecedented rains ,the elephant could not provide any impact upon
aggressors who were fully equipped to fight the Guerilla battle. The
defeat of King Abhishad in Kashmir was the beginning of external
invasion by the foreign invaders.
 During the Maurya dynasty, the King Chandragupta Maurya who was
getting instructions from great Chanakya had successfully defeated
Celucus but subsequently he entered with a compromise with
Chandragupta Maurya as a result of which Chandragupta got eastern
part of Unan namely aria , archosia , gadrosia and paronishdi.
Chandragupta Maurya subsequently married with the daughter of King of
Unan. Thus our country under the domination of the dynasty of
Chandragupta Maurya was extended up to Unan to Mysore in the south.
Thus except Kashmir and Kalinga the boundary our country was extended
upto Afghanistan and Baluchistan. But unfortunately the period of
Chandragupta Maurya could not remain intact.There was the revolt at
tatshila which was suppressed during the reign of Bindusar by great
ruler of our nation namely Ashoka the great .King Ashoka fought a
battle with Kalinga and in this manner the dimension of the area which
was extended upto Baluchistan was further extended from
makaram ,sindh, kutch, kyauli, swat ki vally but Kashmir Nepal and
Assam remained in exclusion to the aforesaid domination.
 Subsequently Great King Ashoka became the disciple of Lord Buddha
and he has started expansion to the percepts of the religion by having
the affixation of the symbolic predomination adhered with the
aforesaid religion. He constructed the Ashoka pillars from mono block
of a rock .On the top of which there was the symbolic resemblance of
four lion while in midst there was a chakra comprising of 24 arches
and the Bull and the elephants scriptures were carved out in the
middle of the single rock below which there was the lotus in the
downward directions. The symbolic resemblance of the lotus became a
tradition for construction of the temple. Thus we may find out that
wherever the lotus is evident on any monument with the scripture like
the vegetable leafs, grapes , peacock and other religious offering
provided to the deity kept inside the temple.
 The foundation of Mughals religion were based on the concepts of
destruction of the existing values prevalent amongst the Buddha and
Hindu religion. Although prophet Mohammed was himself the follower of
Hindu religion he was initially opposed to existence of other
religious adomination. There was the preaching that whosoever he might
be ,he does not follow the Islam then there may be the army of Mughal
followers who may terrorize him for conversion to the Islam. In this
process if there may be the use of terrorism by showing of it the
follower of other religion may loose the confrontation in the
expansion of Islamic Mughal fundamentalist then even the Kuran use to
profess the aforesaid crusade. Thus after the existence of such a
drastic army of the crusaders, there was no possibility that the other
peace loving religion may still remain in existence. Unfortunately
Hindu, Jain, Buddh religion followers were dependent upon the policy
of non-violence, peace and tranquillity and under there religious
philosophy the entire world is like a family of the different
ideology. Thus the beginning of the Mughal invasion in our country
starting from the time of Mohammed Bin Quasim in 712 A.D., there was
the gruesome murder committed of King Daher and thereafter his two
daughters after outraging their modesty were handed over by Mohammed
Bin Quasim to his uncle namely Abdul Abbass of Oman. However the
Mughal ruler after been instigated by the daughters of the King Daher
got this Mohammed Bin Quasim death by putting him alive inside the
leather of the cow for invading the chastity of two girls prior to
their offering to Sultan. This was the beginning of destruction of our
cultural heritage by these ruthless invaders. The description of it
may be seen in a book written by R.C. Mazumdar namely the ‘Arab
mission of India’.
 Sultan Mohammed Ghaznavi robbed Somenath temple ultimately after
invading and defeating the different Rajput rulers for more than
seventeen time from the year of 1000 to 1026 A.D. This man was the
follower of Islam who destructed many temples during his aggression.
Abdul Fateh Daud ,a Mughal ruler of Sultan was so terrified that he
offered his apology to Mohammed Ghaznavi and at the same time Jaypal
who committed the suicide instead of being surrendered before Mohammed
Ghaznavi, his son Anand Pal was also defeated near Peshawar. In the
sixth attack committed upon our nation by Mohammed Ghaznavi. Anand Pal
thereafter associate dthe King of Ujjain, Gwalior, kalingar ,
Kannauj ,Delhi and Ajmer but due to the division in the army ,
Mohammed Ghaznaviu again defeated him and thereafter the he attacked
on the Palace of Nagarkot Kingdom. These invasions started from the
year of 1007 upto 1027 A.D. continued to remain near Sindhsagar
Navnandh , Yagesghwar, Barran, Mahram, Mathura ,Kalinjar and
ultimately at Katiabad due to dis integrity
of the Hindu rulers. Ultimaley
Mohhamed Ghaznavi died on 30th April 1030.
 The journey of Shahbuddin Mohammed Gauri started from 1176 to 1178
for the victory of Multan and Kutch. He conducted so many attacks with
the help of King of Jammu upto 1186. He entered in Gujrat but Mool Raj
the King of Anhilavada got him defeated. However in 1191 he conquered
Malinga and Shar-Hind which included the territory of Delhi. Thus
Delhi and Ajmer remained under his domination while he attacked at
Kannuaj, Chandivada (near Etawah), Gwalior and Vijana. Gayasuddin
Mohammed Gauri died in 1102.

 The reason for the defeat of Rajput rulers was on account of the
fact, which is exhibited by the recital of Turk aggressors that there
is the survival of the fittest. There was no morality in the Hindu
army and as such they were defeated by the Mughal rulers. The main
reason for the defeat were the caste system, and idol worshipness
prevalent at the relevant time. The intellectuals were side tracked
and the society was divided into many segmentation in which Kshatriya
only were considered to be the fighting class amongst the Hindus. The
citizens were having the orthodox feeling and they were very much
living under the domination of superstitions. This was the reason that
the Hindus were subjected to the cruelty by the foreign invaders.
Kutubuddin Aibak appointed a Mughal governor upon Ajmer. He expanded
the territory of Mohammed Guari to Meerut, Jhansi, Kol and
Runthambor. He converted many temples into Mughal Mosques at Gwalior
and Anhilvada. Bengal was invaded by Bakhtiyaruddin Khilji at the time
of Kutubbuddin.

 The starting of Gayasuddin Tuglaq and after his death one Mohammed
Tuqlaq who was called as a symbol of many contradictions at the same
time he was intelligent and cruel while on the other hand he was a
religious and lunatic but he was called as unfortunate idealistic who
shifted his capital from Delhi to Devgiri at Daulatabad .The successor
of Mahmmaed Tuglaq was Feroz Tuglaq who developed the government farm
and made the invention for the rotation of the crops. He converted
many Hindu monuments and all these monument description is described
at Fatauath- e-ferozshahi .The cities were known as
Feroza,Ferozabad,Hissar,Jaunpur and Fatehabad during his time period.
He created a army of the slaves comprising of about one lakh eighty
thousand people belonging to the inhabitant of the same place where he
was the conqueror. After the end of Tuglaq dynasty the Taimur dynasty
completely vanished the remains of Tuglaq rluers. However soon the
Taimur dynasty appointed Khijr Khan as there represntative who created
Syed regime.It has been said by the great German philosopher Gete that
the success and the defeat are the part of the same coin as the joy
and sorrow are reactionary and the unity is disintegrity are the
reflections of the same quality. This was also the reason that after
Mohhamed tuglaq there was the extinction of Mughal dynasty and there
was the beginning of hindu rulers at Vijaynagar.
 Later Percy Brown, James Ferguson, Sir Kenneth Clarke, Sir Bannister
Fletcher and Encyclopaedia Britannica orchestrated the same cunning
tune of Cunnigham. That resulted in firmly establishing and
perpetuating a colossal archaeological fraud which is being sedulously
taught all over the world as profound academic truth and is echoed in
newspaper articles and telecasts for over a century. Cunningham’s
suggestion was obviously highly appreciated. Because when he retired
from the army as a Major General he was straightaway appointed the
first archeological surveyor of India in 1861,as director from 1862 to
1865 and as Director General from 1871 to 1885. Thus the historical
data based on archeological study conducted by Cunningham are scheming
brain of notorious design regarding their vagueness and deceptive
notions. The archeological survey of India was dramatically closed
from 1861 to 1865 when the two assistant of Cunningham namely J D
Beglar and Carlyle took over the charge and prepare the list of
historical monuments with fabricated historical records. Consequently
persons working around the world as the expert Mughal known as
saracenic architecture in museum became the pseudo experts unwittingly
perpetuating the fraud with the people. The historical cities were
converted to Islam and the pre Mughal edifices built according to the
Vedic architecture were vanished from existence.

Hinduism could also be called primordial Vedic culture applicable to
all humanity from the very first generation

 That Hinduism is only a modern regional synonym of Vedic culture,
which gradually came into vogue from 312 A. D. onwards when first
cruel European tyrants such as Emperor Constantine of Rome, King
Clovis of France and Charimagne of central Europe began forcibly
subjecting people to a concocted Christianity, and three centuries
later a crop of Islamic tyrants compelled people to declare themselves
Mughal through terror, torture, tyranny, trickery, treachery, taxation
and temptation.
 That thus it is clear that gradually when people to the west of the
Sindhu (alias Indus river) got alienated by force from Vedic culture,
they began referring to the residual culture of the people to the east
of the Sindhu (alias Indu alias Indus) as Sindhus pronounced as
Hindus, (since Semisphere is pronounced as Hemisphere) or Sindhus
alias Hindus alias Indians, as adhering to a different ancient
(worldwide) cultural free of any spiritual cumpulsions.
 That since the coercive hold of Islam covered and converted a large
part of the world people, the people mow misunderstood Hinduism to be
a religion parallel to Islam. But as explained above, Hinduism far
from being any exclusive, coercive and illogical dictatorial, imperial
doctrine as Islam Hinduism is a world culture encompassing all
humanity from its very first generation almost 2000 million years ago
as per the tally recorded in Vedic astronomical almanacs.
 That Its scriptures and other literature such as the Vedic,
Upanishads, Purans, the Ramayan, the Mahabharat – all enjoin dutiful,
helpful conduct towards all living entities including animal and plant
life so as to ensure the co-existence of all.
 Consequentlly all people calling themselves Mughals (from 622 A. D.)
and Christians (from 312 A. D.) ought to realize that their ancestors
practiced Vedic culture and spoke Sanskrit. It took about 700 years to
convert the whole of Europe, country by country, starting from Rome.
Among them the British Isles were forced to accept Christianity in 597
A. D. Consequently Britons ought to know that for millions of years
prior to 597 A. D. their culture was vedic and language Sanskrit like
that of the rest of the world. This booklet is meant to inform all
those interested in the history of humanity in general and of Britons
in particular of the immense multilateral proof that is still
available of the Vedic, Sanskrit past of Britons. Similar booklets
could be written about every country in the world, which fancies
itself to be Mughal, Christian, or Buddhist
 That the petitioner no.2 has written many books of the historical
importance, which have been refereed in the earlier paragraph in the
writ petition. It is submitted that the Vedic culture based upon Hindu
Sanskrit was even in existence prior to the beginning of the
Christianity. It is submitted that one thing is crystal clear that
during the Mughal period and the British Invaders, none of them were
interested for exposing the falsehood imposed upon the united Indian
Citizen regarding the true authorship of these monuments, which were
actually constructed and some of them were worshiped for being the
temple and other religious buildings like Taj Mahal even existing
prior to the arrival of Mughal Conqueror of the great nation.
 That the Waqf Act 1995 has provided the further authority to the
Mughal fundamentalist to scaffold the existing monument by abrogation
and subjugation of the existing structure to their own pre-domination.
Thus the facts finding committee is required to be appointed to find
out the truth as history may not be tutored according to the dictate
of the foreign ruler and the Hindu citizens who were living prior to
the arrival of Christianity may get their deemed justice for which
they were entitled to remain intact after the independence of our
nation.
 That Justice is a virtue, which transcends all barriers in the way
of administration of justice. This is the acknowledged position of
law that no party can be forced to suffer for the inaction or omission
on the part of law enforcement agencies and whosoever he may be
strong. Every decision will be passed according to the procedure
established by law. Thus the law has to bend before justice. No court
can restore the broken heart of the justice and everyone should
provide such protection, which is necessary for them like dutiful
parents. The decision may not be repugnant to the normal concept and
the basic unit of the society. It may not be allowed to be influenced
by immorality. Thus the ultimate responsibility is by enunciating the
foundation of a system, on which administration of justice may get the
public confidence in our judicial system.
 That the proceedings are dependent upon the remedies available under
the law. Every act of statutory body, which must have been exercised
by keeping the purpose and objective meant for enshrine the statutory
power with the authority, should have been exercised by keeping the
object of such power which is meant by the statute and not with other
extraneous consideration, otherwise the fraud will be perpetuated and
the faith and belief shall not be subjected to any judicial scrutiny.
Thus an accountability is must whenever as wrong is corrected. Some
time in such matter of adjudicating without any valid cause, the court
unwittingly becomes party to the miscarriage of justice. The judiciary
is an ultimate interpreter of the constitution, which is assigned with
a duty of the delicate task ensuring that the action of the
authorities vested with the statutory power may not breach or
transgress its limit.
 That the dawn of independence has virtually came with confrontation
of many problems for effective administration. The foremost and the
prominent problem was rehabilitation of the refugees. There was no
place for providing them the basic requirement of shelter and for that
reason, the government provided the shelter home for them. The
locality was not congenial for their adaptation. Thus the hostility
amongst the people has started generating their side effects. The
civilisation is the beginning of the governance to any nation. In
absence of any co-ordination amongst the fellow citizens, the concept
of social embodiment was virtually evasive. Thus there was neither any
co-operation nor co-ordination amongst the citizens. The sole motto
was to accumulate the resources for advancement and to enforce their
hypothetical illusive superiority amongst the other inhabitant. Thus
there was a complete absence of religious and spiritual concept in the
society.
 That no man can survive in isolation. There is a rule of give and
take. The moment, one person is inclined to accept everything as a
matter of his right, the person who is inclined to give him his extra
potential, withdraw the basic offer. This become the end of social
collaboration. No country is able to survive except by the will of the
people. The bitterness amongst the people may ultimately lead to a
crisis on psychological level. Thus the country required the coercive
method for the enforcement of law and order situation. This was on
account of partition of India.
 That Partition of India was purely a political game fought with a
mark of religious fundamentalism the speech of Quaid Azam Zinnah on
11-08-1947 who vehemently advocated the two nation theory was
enunciated the Government of Pakistan policy has also realised the
folly committed in accepting partition on communal lines in these
words:-
 “If you change your past and work together in spirit that every one
of you , no matter what community he belongs to, no matter what his
colour , caste or creed , is first , second and last , a citizen of
this state with equal rights, privileges and obligation there will be
no end to the progress you will make. I cannot emphasis it too much ;
we should begin to work in that spirit , and in course of time , all
these angularities , of the majority and minority communities, the
Hindu community and the Mughal community , because even as regards
Mughals, you have Pathans, Punjabis, Shias , Sunnis, and so on and
among the Hindus you have Brahmins , Vaishnavas, Khatris also Bengalis
Madrasi’s and so on , will vanish. You may go to your temples, Mosques
or any religion or caste or creed, that has nothing to do with the
business of the state …….We are starting with the fundamental
principle that we all citizens and equal citizens of one State….”

“There is a land in the present age,
Where the people live in graves
Liberty, freedom all unknown,
Service and be slaves.
The people are living in free past glory of their own,
As an outright, beggars would had sung,
Well once upon a time. I was a king
When such of the attitude of the people
How can they get the freedom,
Least to talk of liberty.
Yet a certain day may come
When the people will hum
In the orchard of freedom
Taste the juice of liberty”.
 (Not hearsay, not gossip, not publicity, but action.)
“Truth will not make us but it will certainly make us free.”
 There is an iron cage, not having any ventilation and people are
living in the state of suffocation, virtually on the verge of their
death point. There is a complete apathy of the custodian of the power
towards their welfare and in our country "We, the people " who are
regarded to be the sovereign of the nation are living a life full of
abrogation and subjugation. I seldom consider that whether it is
worthwhile to shout a voice and thereby invite some lighter sleeper to
suffer the agony of the death and this purpose achieved through my
writing may serve some purpose. Since the daylight shallow the
darkness, I have written articles to take the intellectual from
apathetically approach towards rectification of prevailing maladies as
to wake up.
 Public education is essential for functioning of the process of
popular government and to assist the discovery of truth and
strengthening the capacity of individual in participating in decision
making process .The decision making process include the right to know
also and pushing the protection of reservation beyond the primary
level betrays the bigwigs desire to keep the crippled more crippled
forever. Education of religion is the foundation for value based
survival of human being in a civilized society. The force and section
behind civilized society depend upon moral value and the morality
cannot be cultivated through the falsehood of ideological barrier.
Thus the children may not be required to read such facts which are
having the foundation of falsehood.
 Our educational institutions are the foundation of the
characteristics on the basis of which the young generation will solve
the problem of national solidatory and integration. The children are
taught to adhere with the truth for their existence in future but the
alarming situation linked with the history written by the alien rule
has not only nurtured the myth amongst the independent citizens but
many monuments have been falsely credited to the alien Mughal rulers
who were driven across the Indian borders at sword point and continued
to rule our nation mercilessly without given any importance to the
existing palace and the temple built by the inhabitant ancestors of
the rulers at the contemporary period. Education is an investment made
by the nation in its children for harvesting a future crop of
responsible adults productive of a well functioning society, however
children are vulnerable. They need to be valued, nurtured, caressed,
and protected. Imparting of education is state function thus since the
human mind is not a tape recorder, it would make a perfect
reproduction later in the society .It is said that every state action
must be informed by reason. Thus the freedom of expression which
includes “right to know “ may be allowed to be enjoyed by the citizen
to the fullest possible extent without putting shackles of avoidable
cob web of rules and regulations putting restriction on such freedom.
Justice has no favorite, except the truth. A reason varies in its
conclusion according to the idiosyncrasy of the individual and the
times and the circumstances in which he thinks.
 The terminology of history is derived from Greek word ‘Historia’
meaning there by an enquiry. Since the enquiry is nothing but the same
is attributed to the different branch of knowledge. Thus the
inquisitiveness is always generated in educated mind. The history
should not be guided solely on etymological terminology. The meaning
of ‘Itihas’ which is a Sanskrit word leads to three terminology .The
first one namely ‘iti’ means such and such (a happening or
event) ,’ha’ means indefinitely while ‘aas’ means happened. Thus the
history is chronological happening of the different event during the
past period.

 Long slavery, paradoxically enough, makes the slave to look upon the
very change that bind him as his life support. This story was told to
the convict in ancient time and who was confined in the dingy cell for
fifteen years. After fifteen year the detainee was set free and he
gingerly step out of the prison gate. His eyes, which were used to the
dim light wilted at the bright sunshine outside everything including
traffic, the gazing eyes were the strange look to the detainee and as
such he felt terrified. He took a long look at the outside world and
thereafter he inhaled a deep breath and there after by a sudden dash
he again reached to his dog’s tether in the cell as his imprisonment
has sapped his self-confidence. This is what has happened in India.

 The indo-saranice theory of architecture is the existence of Hindu
patrons in all medieval monuments thus it is necessary that the credit
must be given to such Hindu artists who designed the monuments. It may
not be given to medieval cruelty and fanaticism adopted by
chauvinistic Mughal invaders. The infidel designs on each and every
Mughal mosque and tomb reveals the tolerance of Hindu citizens who
were subjected to the cruelty and terrorism from the last one thousand
years. This article does not reflect any animosity between the
different section of the society but this is a description of sum of
the thought provocating a revelation in relations to the blunder
committed by the Historian on the foundation of sacrosanct concepts.

 This feeling utter destitution, dejection, desperation and the loss
of all confidence is the result of our slavery by which the Indians
have forgotten their own past history, lost freedom and obliviousness
of the delights of an unfettered life thus it is necessary to keep the
flame of the truth burning in the heart of every enlightened citizen
as the majority of the public is unaware of the truth. The glory of
our country may only be restored when our traditional heritage culture
may revive every citizen from unadulterated history. The historical
concepts which were distorted during the long period of slavery may
become a task of utmost importance and urgency. An inadequate
understanding on impressionable citizen has resulted the further
accessibility in implanting the misleading concepts and there by
breaking the heads and idols of the fellow citizen due to the
segmentation of the society in many composition. A true history must
atleast be written in the contemporary language and it should remain
independent from interpolation otherwise the very existence of our
cultural heritage may be evaporated from the sight of the future
generation.
 The governor general Lord Auckland and young lieutenant Alexander
Cunningham conceived indigenous scheme of misusing the archaeological
studies. This young Cunnigham, an army engineer had no training in the
archaeological department, he wrote a lengthy letter dated September
15, 1842 suggesting archeological exploration in India. This letter is
reproduced on page no 246 Volume 7 journal of Royal Asiatic Society,
London, 1843 A.D. It discloses that the purpose of archeological
exploration in India is neither the study nor preservation of
historical monuments but to use archeology as the imperial tool to
create mutual dissension and resentment between Buddhists, Jains and
other Hindu with Mughals by falsely crediting all monuments to the
authorship to alien Mughal invaders while few may be labeled as that
of being constructed by Buddhist or Jain but not by Hindu.

Our Duty To Safeguard The Children (Future Generation) From Deceptive
Mode Of Imparting Education With Falsehood Regarding Mughal Authorship
To Our Ancient Vedic Cultural Heritage Hidden Inside The Construction
Of Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri Kutub Minar And Other Hindu Monuments.

The object of education –
 Whether enlightenment. 2. Whether wisdom 3. Whether character
assassination. 4. Whether upliftment of character. 5. Whether for
national growth. 6. Whether for diversification from other evils. 7.
Whether for lead discipline life. 8. Whether for developing the
resistance against exhertion. 9. Whether for expenditure of money. 10.
Whether for having the uniform. 11. Whether for development of
tolerance. 12. Whether for killing the time. 13. Whether for reading
of books. 14. Whether for develop friendly. 15. Whether for
development mental agony.
Subject of History.
 Whether for advancement of the ancestral cultural heritage. 2. For
knowing the traditions. 3. For knowing our ancestors. 4. To knowing
the past, its import and the expectation for the future. 5. History is
3 fold presents / 3 dimensional picture. (i) having the present with
past memory. (ii) having the present with present existence in
compared to past. (iii) our present in anticipation of future
development.
Archaeological Remains and Monuments
 Archaeology is the study of things left in the past, whether on the
ground or buried under it. The things include buildings, statues,
pictures, scriptures, ornaments, decorative pieces of pottery, etc.
The remains of stupas and temples help the study of art and
architecture and the culture and religious life of the people. The
Ajanta paintings tell us about the costumes, jewellery, hair-styles,
things found inside the houses, the architecture, etc. the digging of
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro changed our old idea of Indian History. The
excavation (digging) at Nalanda showed the glory of our past system of
education. The digging out of the temples of Deogarh, in Jhansi gave
evidence of the splendour of the Gupta emperors.
What is History?
 History is the story of the people of the past. To be history in the
true sense, it must be a record of their life and culture. History is
no longer limited to the story of kings and the way they ruled, the
wars they fought and the expansion or contraction of their empire.
Along with these, history now helps us to know the condition and
pattern of the lives of the common people – how they met the basic
needs of their life, what difficulties and challenges come before
them, what way they solved them, what they thought, felt and believed,
what new ideas awakened them, as expressed in their literature,
architecture and art, what way they contributed to the progress of our
civilization, etc.
Why do we study the past?
 It is a natural urge and curiosity in man. Think of the great men
and women you adore and admire. You surely love to know or read about
their lives – their childhood, their growing up, the hardships and
challenges that came in their way, their devotion to a cause, their
suffering and sacrifices, their iron will, untiring work and great
ideals before them and their great achievements and successes.
We love to know the past.
 You love to know the past of your favourite sportsman, favourite
singer, favourite film star, your ideal man or woman. So is the case
with your country that you love so much. You love to know its dazzling
glories and great creations, the heights it reached in the realm of
thought and realizations, its dark days under foreign domination’s,
its devotions to great causes, its sacrifices and sufferings, its
galaxy of great men and women and its unique way of bringing different
people closer and establishing unity in diversity. Would you not like
to know all these and more about your beloved motherland?
The past is an inspiration for us:
 India’s ancient history is very rich and glorious. Once India was
considered the most prosperous and civilized country of the world. We
had a very rich and vast literature, the Rigveda is considered to be
the oldest book in the world. We had institutions of higher learning.
It attached scholar form foreign lands. We had reached great heights
in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and surgery. We had a long
tradition of fine textiles. In the past, India could develop a sense
of cultural and emotional unity. We believed then that there is only
one God and the same God can be worshiped in many names, forms, and
manners. Ashoka, Kanishka, Harsha and even the Mughal emperor Akbar
were very tolerant and secular. The great awakening and realisation
came with Jainism and Buddhism, and the influence of the later spread
far and wide beyond our boundaries. A. L. Basham, a great historian,
praised our country in these words, “India was a cheerful land whose
people reached a higher level of orderliness and gentleness than any
other nation. In no other country the relations of man and man and of
man and the state were so far and humane.” So our past is a source of
inspiration for us.
The past is a lesson for the present:
 Wise men take lessons from their past problems and mistakes. So our
country can take care that past mistakes are not repeated. Our past
warns us of the danger of getting entangled in our internal quarrels
and neglecting the defence of our frontiers. It opens our eyes to how
caste system divides our society in many parts and sows seeds of
separation and ill feeling. It reminds us that complicated social and
religious customs may lead to the break up of our society. If in the
past, India could become the world leader, there is no reason that it
should not be able to play a constructive role in the present day
world.
Sources of Indian History
 Our history is of several thousand years. We learn about our past
from the various sources left behind by our ancestors and not
destroyed by time. History has to be based on facts and evidence of
various kinds. The evidences can be searched from literary sources,
inscriptions, coins, accounts of foreign people or visitors and
archaeological remains and monuments.
Literary Sources
 Among the religious literature, the Vedas, the Upanishads and the
two epics, Ramavana and Mahabharata tell us mostly of the history and
culture from the Vedic age to the Gupta period. Buddhist literature
and Jain literature also give us glimpses of the times. Puranas give
us some ideas of the political history of those times. Dramas, poems
and books written on law, administration, economics and grammar
provide us very interesting information about the life, habits,
customs, punishments and the normal problems of the people.
Accounts of Foreign People
 Herodotus (5th century B. C.) gave a detailed description of the
political conditions of North-West India, through he never visited
India. Aursian (4th century B. C.) gave details of the invasion of
Alexander. No Indian gave any account of this great happening.
Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador in Chandragupta Maurya’s court (4th
century B. C.) described in detailed the economic, political and
social life of the people. Among the several Chinese travellers, the
accounts of Fa-hiem (beginning of the 5th century AD) who came to the
court of Chandragupta II and Hieum-Tsang (7th century AD) who was
patronized by Harsha gave valuable accounts of the life of the people
and the administration of rulers.
Inscriptions
 Inscriptions are written records engraved on rocks, stone, pillars
and walls of temples. Most of the early inscriptions are in Brahmi or
Kharosti script. They provide enough material about the economic,
religious and social life of the people besides administrative
statements of kings. The inscriptions of Ashoka are the best examples
of administrative and religious types.

 The Hon’ble Supreme Court has recently laid down in case of State
of Karnataka Vs. Praveen Bhai Thogadia ( Doctor) AIR 2004 SC 2081,
that the welfare of the people is the ultimate role of all lose and
state action, and above all the Constitution. They have one common
object, that is to promote the well being and larger interest of the
society as a whole. It is Inconceivable that there can be social well
being without communal harmony, love for each other and hatred for
none.
 It is further laid down , while dealing with the ambit and scope of
Article 25 and its Preamble – Secularism that the core of religion
based upon spiritual values, which the Vedas, Upnishads and Purans
were said to reveal to mankind seem to be; “ Love others, serve
others, help ever, hurt never” and “ sarvae jana sukhino bhavantoo”.
One –upmanship in the name of religion, whichever it be or at
whomsoever’s instance it may be, would render constitutional designs
countermanded and chaos, claiming its heavy toll on society and
humanity as a whole, may be the inevitable evil consequence, whereof.
 India is the world’s most heterogeneous society with a rich heritage
and its Constitution is committed to high ideas of socialism,
secularism and the integrity of the nation. As is well known, several
races have converged in this subcontinent and they have carried with
them their own cultures, languages, religions and customs affording
positive recognition to the noble and ideal way of life—“ unity in
diversity”. Though these diversities created problems in early days,
they were mostly solved on the basis of human approaches and
harmonious reconciliation of differences, usefully and peacefully.
That is how secularism has come to be treated as a part of fundamental
law, and an unalienable segment to the basic structure of the
country’s political system. Unfortunately, of late, vested interests
fanning religious fundamentalism of all kinds, vying with each other,
are attempting to subject the constitutional machineries of the state
to great stress and strain with certain quaint ideas of religious
priorities, to promote their own selfish ends, undeterred and
unmindful of the disharmony it may ultimately bring about and even
undermine national integration achieved with much difficulties and
laudable determination of those strong-spirited savants of
yesteryear.
 The Student/children, the future citizens under taking the education
of Indian History on the misconception/ pattern of Anglo Saxon
teaching meant for division of Indian society on the policy of “Divide
and Rule”. There is a important question posed as to whether we have
actually gain our independence or we have to under take another
journey full of animosity, aggressism on account of terrorism and
fanatic ideology a prevalent throughout the World of a particular
religion. Thus on account of being sentinel /Guardian at large, this
is the voice of the majority of Hindu Citizens to save our ancestral
cultural heritage and there by to give protection to our future
citizens. They have the threat of being subjected to atrocities if the
drastic step to save the citizens from the oppression and exposure of
falsehood may not be done at an earliest time. Thus every nationalist
who has got a slightest patriotic cult in his inhibition has got a
Fundamental Right and a Constitutional Duty to safe guard our cultural
heritage against the falsehood. Imparting of education is a State
function. The State, however, having regard to its financial and other
constraints is not always in a position to perform its duties. The
function of imparting education has been, to a large extent, taken
over by the citizens themselves. Some do it as pure charity; some do
it for protection.
 A society where there is no moral values, there would neither be
social order nor secularism. Bereft of moral values secular society or
democracy may not survive. Almighty alone is the dispenser of the
absolute justice. Thus an independent and efficient judicial system,
belong the repository of omnipotent power is always consider as one of
the basic structure of our constitution.
 The pre constitutional days cannot be countenanced as a source of
law to claim any rights when it is found to violate human rights,
dignity social equality amongst citizen. Democracy cannot survive and
the constitution cannot work unless Indian citizens are only learned
and intelligent, they are also of moral character and imbibed the
inherent virtue of human being such as truth, love, and compassion.
Duty of every citizen of India is collective duty of the state every
citizen of India is fundamentally obligated to develop a scientific
temper and humanism .He is fundamentally duty bound top strive towards
excellence in all sphere of individual and collective activity, so
that the nation constantly arises to the higher level of endeavor and
achievements. Everyone, whether individually or collectively is
unquestionably under the supremacy of law however it is true that
exaggerated devotion to the rule of benefit must not nurture fanciful
doubts or lingering suspicion and there by destroy social defense as
the curiosity cannot be the subject matter of fair criticism.
 Thus the conclusion derived that on one hand every citizen is having
the freedom of speech and expression so far as they do not contravene
the statutory limits and may prevail in the atmosphere with out any
hindrance. Fundamental duties and the obligation of the citizen may
yet provide a valuable guide and aid to interpretation of
constitutional issues which not only required for resolving the issues
but also to provide guidance to the society. Giving a man his due, one
of the basics of justice finds reflected in right to equality .Law
frowns upon such conduct thus the court accords legitimacy to
possession in due course of time.
 The concept of sovereignty was present from the ancient time but the
sovereignty was conferred upon an individual who is suppress the
wicked and is recognized as great resources in itself like the fire,
air, sun, moon and religion. The religion in the ancient time was
considered as spiritualism and it was not dependent upon any ritual
ceremony but it was considered s the knowledge in the darkness of
ignorance and injustice. The sovereignty was supposed to promote the
cause of the religion, wealth and enjoyment of life and who is
voluptuous, malicious, mean and low minded is ruined by the
retributive justice thus the sovereignty was considered as a destroyer
of the wicked like fire; a restrainer of the wicked by storm (Varun)
and its controller. It was considered to be the dispenser of ease to
the best pupil like the moon and a replenisher of wealth. These
qualities were the quality of the sovereign power.

 The sovereignty and the people should form three Councils,
Educational, Religious, and Administrative. One individual should not
have the absolute power of government, the sovereignty being the
general president of the councils .The qualifications of the president
the presidents of separate councils are their interest in the welfare
of the country, their excellence of learning and character, and their
influence over the people. A country prospers as long as the people
are righteous. Also their welfare requires the appointment of learned
educational officers, appointment of learned men as the dignitaries of
the spiritual council and of virtuous learned men as administrators.
Obedience to law is required of all.
 Secularism is the basic structure of constitution and as such in
absence of study of religion for generating brotherhood amongst the
fellow citizens as to provide mutual coordination and the ideology of
live and let live to other is the basic education which cannot be said
as an attempt against the secular philosophy of the constitution .The
constitution as it stands does not proceed on the “melting pot “theory
while it represents a “salad bowls” where there is homogeneity without
any obliteration of identity . The foundation of the religion is
spiritualism, which is based on trust and confidence and an ability to
strive for the good self of the other individual. The law must be
enforceable to preserve the society with out any derivation and
hindrance and thus it may not resultantly face the social
catastrophe.
 The little Indian shall not be hijacked from the course of freedom
by mob muscle method and thereby to subtle perversion of discretion by
other large Indian “dressed in little, brief authority”. The people of
our country has right to know every public Act and the principle of
finality may not be insisted upon as the maxim “interest reipublicae
ut sit finis litiun”. Wisdom and advisability of public policy may be
demonstrated in order to given effect to the statutory provisions
under our constitution thus an inquiry and investigation may be needed
a complete with the opinion of the expertise to arrive a conclusion as
to whether the plurability in a society is not splited the very object
of the law through appeasement to the minority group of the citizen in
order to provide a conducive political social and legal framework with
out destroying the very fabric on the basis of which the pillar and
the foundation were built in order to assimilate the minorities with
the majority . The Hon’ble court may never venture to disown its
jurisdiction when the constitution is found to be at stake and the
fundamental rights of the citizen are under fire of falsehood and
thereby usurpation of the power by terrorizing for personal leisure
and pleasure through self created dogmas and rituals of particular
religion at the cost of other citizens. Thus the exposure of the
falsehood may become the right of the affected party to vanish the
assertion based on unpatriotic sentimental perversity.
 The wrong historical data leads to the horror as we have seen during
the period of demolition of the Babri Masjid. There has been number of
concomitant given by the respective community representing to the
follower of two prominent religions but the loss which we have
suffered in the shape of hatred between the two section of the society
cannot be compensated without revealing the truth. Unfortunately, the
term Hindu communalism is more exaggerated by the fanaticism under the
garb of secularism while the Hindu community as a whole has always
been receptive to all the religion. The question which is cropping its
importance is much more in relations to the question pertaining to
Mughal contributions to Indian life and culture. Such facts which have
been geared to brainwash the subject of the pupil with that of
perverted history under the long spell of foreign rule may be
distorted according to the command of the ruler and as such till date
the truth has not brought forward to the surface and is exclusively
aliens to the appeasement policy generated in order to rule the
parliamentary democratic set up in our country.
 The mentality affects and paralyses the traditional heritage and
provide a loss to the integrity of our country. Our ancient ancestors
namely Rana Pratap and Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Guru Govind
Singh during the period of Mughal rulers have not conceded with the
terror and torture they used in proselytization, it is very shameful
for the independent citizens to live under the false perception of
character assassination. Thus in all fairness we may accept that
although the Britishers were more civilized but inspite of their great
insight, there is the historical blunder committed by them while
writing the Indian history in relations to the authorship of the
monuments. Mughal rulers without exception were sadist yet they
represent themselves as just, kind and patrons of learning.
 The construction is all Hindu while the destruction of these
constructions has been done by these foreigners who were either Mughal
or Britishers. These persons were stained with all wickedness and
disgraceful conduct which is still apparent in the society and
remained prevalent during a thousand year of rampant Mughal
communalism then how we can expect that they have not demolished all
the Hindu Temple and converted them with slight modification as their
monuments the township of Ferozabad, Tuglaqabad, Ahmedabad and
Hyderabad are falsely ascribed to that of Sultan though the same was
belonging to our ancient Hindu Rulers. The country in which the milk
was available to every citizen without investing any money to the
extent of his requirement and consumption has now been adulterd after
ruthless killings of our cattle’s by these invaders of the public
confidence actually Hinduism is nothing but our nationalism and sooner
it may be understood and practiced in such a manner, we may seek the
protection of our integrity by saving the population of the innocent
citizens.
Hindu Religion was based on diversity of different caste, Creed, Sects
and Multiplicity of Religion

 The correspondent of BBC, London Times, Derspegel , New York
Times ,Washington Post ,Christian Science ,Monitor Times and ‘life’
weekly’s continue to misrepresent these Hindu Building as that of
Mughal origin. The freedom of expression continues to ruthlessly
suppress the truth about these historical buildings belonging to the
pre-Mughal origin. These Historian have meticulously calculatively
kept their readership ignorant regarding the truth of pre–existing
palaces and temple prior to declare them the building as Mughal
monuments. Now our government has provided the restriction for taking
even the photograph of the prominent historical buildings in India
under the guise of archeological department as to maintain the status
quo regarding the falsehood created by the historian and to avoid the
alleged animosity between the majority class of the Hindu with the
minority Mughal. It has been revelaed by Encyclopaedias Islamia that
the Arabia itself obliterated all its past history by destroying image
before the foundation of Islam. The origin of Kaba which is the
central shrine is in itself a Hindu temple surrounded by huge shrine
consisting of 360 Hindu images belonging to Indian king Vikarmaditya
who founded them in 58 B.C. Even the word ‘Allah’ Is a Sanskrit. Word
signifies “Mother or goddess“ while mekha in Sanskrit signifies a
sacrificial fire of Vedic worship prevalent during the pre Islamic
days. The monuments have not only been destroyed in the peninsula of
arvasthan belonging to King Vikramaditya, which was captured by the
Arabian during the Islamic invasion. The intriguing aspect of
regarding the existence of Shivalinga in Kaba shrine in Mecca is well
known as sungay aswad that is black stone.
 The poetic composition of pre Islamic Arabian poets kept in famous
library called as Makahtab-e-Sultania in Istambul in turkey contains
the biographic details of these pre Islamic construction while the
second part embodies the period beginning just after prohphet
Mohammaed upto the end of Vanee- umaya dynasty resembling the Sanskrit
name of Krishnayya voice. There has been a big signboard few mile away
from Mecca banning the entry of any non Mughal in the area. This
signboard signifies the period shrine was stormed and captured by the
invader having their faith in Islam. The same position is visualized
at Azmer sharif where there is still the covering over the Shivalinga
for which the Islamic follower are strictly providing the vigilance as
it may not be disclosed the existence of the Temple of Lord Shiva.
Thus it be go on searching the different historical facts with the
open eyes we will find that there are ample evidence to deflate the
indo- saracenic architecture theory bubble.
Iron Pillar near the Qutub Tower
 The iron pillar bearing a Hindu inscription has been standing un-
rusted through rain and shine for milleniums beside the so–called
Qutub Minar amidst the surrounding temples battered by Mughal hordes.
Qutubuddin could never have brought piles of material and dug a
sprawling foundation for the stone tower called (Qutub) inside the
narrow confines of surrounding temples and other building work.
Dislodged stones bearing Hindu images on one side and Arab lettering
on the other found the so called Qutub Tower also prove that Mughal
conquerors staked false claim to Hindu monuments through sculptural
forgeries.
Qutub Minar
 This 238 ft. tall tower euphemistically called Qutub Minar was
erected by King Vikramaditya for astronomical observation centuries
before Islam was even founded.The adjoining township called Mehrauli
is the corrupt form the Sanskrit term Mihira-Awali meaning the Mihira
township. Mihira was Vikramaditya’s royal mathematician-cum-astronomer-
cum meteorologist. Even the Arabic term Kutub Minar signifies an
astronomical tower. Qutub and Kutubuddin was a subsequent unwitting
mix-up. Around the tower were 27 constellation temples which
Kutubuddin’s inscription vaunts to have destroyed. The tower too has
27 flutings. Near the first storey ceiling are 27 holes one in each is
likely. True to the significance of the term Kutub, this Tower’s
entrance faces due north.
Quwat-ul-Islam Mosque
 Turned into a mosque called Quwat-ul-Islam the rows of ornamental
pillars of this monument by the side of the so called Qutub Tower
are a clear proof of its having been a Hindu temple. No genuine mosque
has ever such pillars lest reciters of Namaz standing and bending with
half-closed eyes inadvertently break their heads against them.
Nizam-ud-din Tomb
 The ornamental Hindu style pillars in the white marble structure
turned into Nizamuddin Tomb. The arch on the right and parts of arches
visible on either side of the dome are clear proof that this haphazard
conglomerate of heterogeneous buildings was a part of an ancient Hindu
township stormed by invading Mughal armies. Fakirs like Nizamuddin
following in their wake used to take up residence in the ruins of
battered buildings for preaching Islam to terrorize ‘infidels’. On
their death they used to be buried in the ruins where they lived. That
is why tombs like those of Nizamuddin and Bakhtiar Kaki in Delhi,
Salim Chisti in Fatehpur Sikri and of Moinuddin Chisti in Ajmer
present a mix-up of Hindu structure devoid of any coherent plan.
Around the Nizamuddin tomb in Delhi are fanciful halls called
Chausath Khamba, crumbling walls, bastions, towers, decadent graves,
cellars ,plinths and cornices which are remnants of the stormed Hindu
township still remembered by the term Keel-Ukhri(Kilokri). Keel used
to be the central pillar erected when a Hindu township was planned.
Since it got up-rooted in the Mughal assault that area came to be
known as Kilokri.
So called Humayun’s Tomb
 Just about half a mile away from this building known as Humayun Tomb
is the narrow staircase from which Humayun the second generation
Mughal emperor fell, in Delhi. He was carried to his palace say
contemporary chronicles. This was the palace he was carried to and it
was there that he died a few days later. He was buried in the central
chamber where he lay ill as has happened throughout Mughal history in
India. This solves the tantalizing riddle why we have tombs but
apparently no palaces of luxury-steeped pleasure-seeking alien
potentates. This monument still forms part of Jaipur Estate in Delhi.
It is surrounded by ruined walls, annexes, guesthouses, and
guardrooms. An arcade of arches leads to it. Close-by is a huge
annexes euphemistically called Arab-ki-Serai deriving its name from
the times that invading Arab hordes encamped in it .The entire grounds
are littered with graves of invading Mughal soldiers slain by Hindu
defenders. Before being turned into a tomb Humayun as a usurper lived
in this sprawling Hindu captured palace which was the focal point of
the ruined township since known as Kilokri. The nearby ruins in which
Fakir Nizamuddin lies buried were a part of this huge Hindu citadel.
Roshanara Garden
 This is believed to be the tomb of Roshanara, the daughter of the
last powerful Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Note that it has neither domes
nor minarets. Instead it has ornamental pillars, Hindu arches and
cupolas. Very parsimonious and hardhearted as the Hindu-baiter
Aurangzeb was he would hardly spend any money on a Hindu style resting-
place for his daughter’s corpse. Obviously, therefore, this is a
usurped Hindu garden palace commandeered to serve as a tomb as was
usual in those times.
Fatehpuri Mosque
 This so called Fatehpuri Mosque at one end of Delhi’s crowded
Chandni Chowk highway was a pre-Mughal Rajput temple of the city’s
guardian and royal deity Lord Shankara alias Eklingaji.
 Its entrance arches have the Hindu stone flower emblems on either
side of the apex. The word ‘Fatehpuri’ means a conquered (Hindu)
township. The marble slab on the red-stone entrance proclaiming it to
be a mosque is evidently as interpolation. The monuments, arches and
pillars and cupolas are entirely of Hindu Rajput style. The so called
mosque’s rental revenue is all derived exclusively from Hindu shops
swarming its fringes. This proves that while the stalls remained with
the Hindu their temples fell a victim to conquest and conversion.
Mausoleum of Safdar Jung
 This so called Safdarjang tomb in Delhi was an ancient Rajput palace
which devolved on the Mughal aristocracy through conquest .It has an
ornamental Rajput style gateway and a protective wall with watch-
towers and bastions which are superfluous for a genuine tomb.
Safdarjang, an ex-chief Minister of the Nawab of Oudh had been
disgraced and dismissed prior to his death. Who would foot the bill to
build a palace for an unemployed deceased nobleman’s corpse? A little
prodding with two sharp questions brings down the entire illusory
structure of tall Mughal claims to Hindu building-work. We ask that if
Safdarjung’s corpse could afford such a stupendous palace he should
have had at least ten palaces when living. But there is none. The
other question is that if his heir and successor built this palace for
the corpse of the deceased Safdarjang the former must himself have had
tens of palaces in Delhi. But he too had none. Our answer to this
riddle is that Safdarjang and in fact all alien Mughal rulers and
noblemen were buried in their own palaces.
Diwan-I-Khas, Red Fort ,Delhi
 Contrary to popular belief the Red Fort in Delhi is a very ancient
structure. Prithviraj used to stay in this Lalkot (red palace).
Saffron and ochre are colours sacred to the Hindus, but avoided by
Mughals The main highway of Delhi known as Chandni Chowk connects the
Red Fort with the royal and guardian deity’ temple now turned into
Fatehpuri Mosque. Around this axis was built Old Delhi protected by a
massive wall .According to Akbarnama and the Agni Purana, Delhi was
built by the Hindu King Anagpal around 372 A.D. before founding of
Islam.
Agra the Taj Mahal
 This symphony in marble was a royal Hindu palace. Its very name Taj
Mahal signifies nothing more or less. Its octagonal shape and the
cupolas and four towers at the plinth corners are all Hindu features.
Havell, the English architect has all along stressed that the Taj is
an entirely Hindu structure in design and execution. The four towers
used to sport multi-coloured lights. The Taj precincts are a huge
building complex encompassing over three hundred rooms. The locality
was known as Jaisinghpur.
The Marble Screen at the Taj
 This ornate marble trelliswork entirely in the Hindu style now
encloses tow tombs believed to be those of Mumtaz and Shahjahan .The
network was stuffed with rare gems. Traditional accounts tell us that
this enclosure had silver doors and gold railings to boot. Even
Shahjahan’s and Mumtaz’s palaces never boasted of such fabulous
fixtures when the pair was alive and kicking from the imperial throne.
How come then that when Mumtaz died(1630 A.D.) all this wealth
descended on earth all of a sudden. Far from that this expensive and
resplendent enclosure was made to house the dazzling Hindu peacock
throne that throne, wrongly credited to Shahjahan, came to his
possession when he dispossessed the Taj Mahal’s last Rajput owner Jai
Singh of this fabulous ancient Hindu palace.
The Gateway of Taj
 The gateway leading to the Taj garden is like any other Hindu
gateway tallying in every detail with those of other forts and palaces
depicted. The tiny domes over these gateways in a row invariably make
an odd figure like 5,7,9, or 11,since in Hindu tradition the odd
figure is preferred to the even. For instance donors give away
101,501,1001 rupees but never an even figure .
Delhi Gate, Agra Fort
 This gateway of the Red Fort Agra is entirely in the traditional
Rajput style. Like many other Rajput forts this too had elephant
images flanking it. Emperors Kanishka and Ashok made use of this fort
in the pre-Christian era. All its interior apartments too are of the
exclusive Rajput variety. The version which ascribes authorship of
this fort to Akbar, is a piece of court flattery. All its gateways
have Hindu names. In addition to elephant images this fort had images
of Rajput horses.
Anguri Bagh ,Agra fort
 The Anguri bagh pavilion inside Agra fort proves that the
geometrical pattern garden has Rajput origins. Note the arches, the
pillars, the brackets, the cupola at the right, the curved ceiling
partly visible adjoining the cupola, which are all Rajput
characteristics.
Golden Pavilion, Agra fort
 The cupola in the top left hand corner, the curved roof and the
spikes on it vividly depicts that this Golden Pavilion in Agra’s Red
Fort was built by the Rajputs for the Rajputs.
Diwan-I-Aam, Agra fort
 The so called Diwan-I-Aam or hall of public audience inside Agar
fort has neither domes nor minarets. Its graceful arches and slender
pillars is still the pattern for Hindu pandals raised for auspicious
ceremonies. Mughal tradition has always avoided such Hindu, ‘infidel’
patterns. Theirs are grotesque, tortuous shapes. The Red Fort in Delhi
too has an identical pavilion.
Statue of Akbar’s Horse
 This replica believed to be of Akbar’s horse is in fact an earlier
Rajput horse. Akbar, a Mughal ordered no statues. Rajputs were known
to erect elephant and horse statues. Those slyly attributing the
construction of Agra Fort to Akbar had willy nilly also to thrust upon
him the erection of ‘infidel’ statues.
Statue of Amar Singh’s Horse Outside Agra Fort
 This horse head belongs to pre Mughal times. It commemorates a brave
steed. There were ever so many Amar Singh in Rajput history. The
invented story that this replica is Mughal wrought and is of the horse
on which Amar Singh galloped away in a huff from the Mughal court
takes for granted that the lay visitor has hardly the time or the
necessary grounding in history to debunk such canards.
Tomb of Sadiq Khan
 This truncated corner tower cum-bastion of a demolished Rajput
palace standing in splendid isolation was later used to shelter Sadiq
Khan’s corpse. That should not, however blind visitors to the fact
that this monument was part of a Rajput palace. Its niches, the arched
entrances and the upper floor all show that it was meant to be a place
for the living.
Jahangiri Mahal, Agra fort
 The entrance to the so-called Jahangiri Mahal inside Agra fort is of
the typical Rajput design and workmanship. Usurpation and centuries of
occupation resulted in Moghul names being given to earlier captured
Rajput buildings. Gullible Western Scholars lacking indigenous
insight perpetuated the myth of Mughal authorship of buildings misled
by their names and latest associations. They hardly cared whether a
building was attributed to a Fakirchand or a Fakir Mohammad.
Jama Masjid, Agra
 All so called mediaeval Jama Masjids in India were earlier main
(Jama) temples of the town. This so-called Jama Masjid in the centre
of Agra was a Rajput citadel with ladies apartments and an underground
passage to the fort. It has a huge basement too. The inscription
crediting its construction to Jahanara Begum is an interpolation.
Jahanara an unmarried lady who spent her sorrowing life in the
smothering confines of the Mughals purdah nursing her imprisoned and
deposed father Shahjahan, had hardly any money left with her. Even for
two square meals a day she was at the mercy of her wily and
hardhearted brother Aurangzeb.
Salim Chisti Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri
 This so-called Salim Chisti tomb in Fatehpur Sikri is clearly an
ornate Rajput temple. Note the two round stone flower emblems on
either side of the arch, and the curving brackets. In the right
background is the typical Rajput gateway capped by cupolas. The lotus
shaped fountain base in the foreground tank is also reminiscent of
Rajput ownership. This ornamental Pillar supporting Akbar’s Throne in
Diwan-I-Khas with a narrow circular perch on top approached by four
stone-slab bridges in Fatehpur Sikri could as well have been a royal
Rajput bathroom while concocted Akbar legends claim it to be a
throne room. But throne rooms in Akbar’s time were not as tiny as a
Pigeon house.
Hiran Minar, Fatehpur Sikri
 This so called Hiran Minar infront of the Hathi Pol gate of Fatehpur
Sikri is falsely calimed to mark the burial of a pet deer(Hiran) of
Akbar .We ask whether the deer had whispered a dying wish in Akbar’s
ear to be commemorated with a fat Hindu temple lamp post? The bristles
were used to support oil lamps Such pillars are common infront of
Hindu Temples and palaces. The spiralling staircase inside leading to
the cupola on top remains one of the so called Kutub Minar in Delhi
which have proved to be of Hindu origin.This tower was known as
‘Hiranmaya’ since it sparkled like gold when it bristled with flames
of hundreds of lamps hung on it. That Sanskrit word has been deftly
twisted to be stuffed into the concocted Akbar legend.
Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri
 This towering gateway in Fatehpur Sikri is currently known to us as
Buland Darwaza.It is a typical Rajput Township. The stone flower
emblems flanking the arch are an unmistakable sign of its Hindu
origin. The three big cupolas and the 13 tiny ones in front in a row
on the terrace front are of the exclusive Rajput design. The slender
pillars spiked at the top were used for hoisting flags. Such pillars
are a part of almost all-mediaeval Rajput monuments. The stone flower
emblems are invariably present on all Hindu homes and temples of the
orthodox design, while they never exist on genuine mosques.
Itmad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb
 This interior mural decoration in the so called Itmad-ud-Daulah
tomb ,Agra is no different from that found the pre-Mughal Ambar
palace in Jaipur,which proves that the building was an earlier Rajput
palace.
So-called Akbar’s Mausoleum at Sikandra
 Every arch, supporting brackets and capping cupola of this mansion
consisting of pile upon pile of pavilions proves to the hilt that it
was a Rajput palace. Euphemistically called Sikandra ever since
Sikandar Lodi a Pathan ruler lived in it, this mansion six miles to
the north of Agra is known to posterity as Akbar’s tomb. Akbar lay ill
and died here.
Gateway Sikandra
 This is the majestic gateway to Sikandra Palace. The mansion inside
was turned into a tomb after Akbar’s death. It was built by the
Rajputs centuries before Mughal invaders launched on a career of
vandalism and usurpation. The four towers rising above the gateway are
replicas of the Taj Mahal towers. The mosaic flooring of the mansion
has the esoteric Hindu Shakti-Chakra (interlocked triangles) inlaid in
it by the dozen. Mughal funeral rites admit of no such design.
Salabat Khan’s Mausoleum,Agra
 This Salabat Khan’s mausoleum is a truncated Rajput pavilion
allotted to Khan for his residence.On his death he was buried there.
Ganesh Pol Ambar Palace,Jaipur
 It was built around 984 A.D.,it had obviously no Mughal influence.
the gates of all extant mediaeval monuments in India are similar to
the Ganesh Pol. Gates of Mosques and tombs in west Asian countries are
also of identical design. This proves that far from Indian mediaeval
monuments having being designed or ordered by Mughal potentates and
craftsmen, it was West Asian monuments, which were designed and
executed by Indian technicians as recorded by Mohammed Ghazni and
Taimurlang.
 Incidentally it may also be pointed out that the recorded fact of
Mohammed Ghazni having been buried in his own palace in Ghazni(1030
A.D.) also proves that all so called Mughal tombs whether in India or
in West Asian countries are usurped palaces which they occupied during
their life times.
Shish Mahal Ambar
 This Shish Mahal inside the Ambar fortress in Jaipur was built
(about 984 .A.D.) centuries before the founding of Mughal Kingdoms in
India. Its ornate inlay work is no different from that in what are
believed to be mediaeval Mughal mosques and tombs. It proves two
things; firstly that the so-called tombs and mosques were of Rajput
origin and secondly that they were intended for the living not for the
dead.
Palace Garden Ambar
 This pavilion and the garden in the Ambar Palace with its spiked and
curved roof, the graceful Hindu arch and the geometrical design in the
foreground is typical of all mediaeval buildings. Ambar which lies
three miles away from modern Jaipur, was founded not later than 984
A.D. That was much before alien Mughals established their
principalities in India.

 Readers not acquainted with legal procedure might then ask as to
whether there is any documentary evidence available to prove that the
fort was built by the Hindus in the pre-christian era. The answer to
this is that the immense Hindu evidence that existed in the form of
Hindu idols, inscriptions and documents in the archives of ancient
Hindu kings was all looted and destroyed when Mohammad Ghazni first
raided the red fort in the early part of the 11th century and again
when the fort remained under continued Mughal occupation from 1526 to
about 1760 A.D. If the owner of a building is forced out of his
mansion and the aggressor remains in occupation for several centuries
will the owner find his record intact on obtaining possession of his
mansion after several centuries?
 There is thus a valid reason why Hindus are not in a position to
produce any documentary evidence with regard to the Hindu origin of
fort. Even then we maintain that if a systematic archaeological
excavation is undertaken inside the fort and if its dingy cellars and
basements are opened and scoured they may still reveal Sanskrit
inscriptions and idols smashed and buried by Mughal occupiers. In
fact whatever little and excavation has been made has resulted in the
recovery of horse and elephant statues. Yet taking things as they
stand any court of law will uphold the plea that Hindus have a valid
reason for not being able to produce any documentary proof.
 The court will then ask the Anglo-Mughal school to produce its
documents. That school too has not got even a shred of a document to
prove that any one ot more Mughal rulers built or rebuilt the fort. A
hazy mention to that effect in a court flatterer’s chronicler is no
documentary proof. It is like you or we noting in our diaries that we
built the Houses of Parliament in London.
 There is no valid reason why Anglo-Mughal school should not be able
to produce even a single document pertaining to the Mughal claims to
the fort. Had the claims been true such documents should have been
available in plenty because when the British deposed the Mogul emperor
they preserved and carefully classified all the documents they seized
form the mogul archives. Those records contain hardly anything but
letters.
 When the Anglo-Mughal school is unable to produce even a single
document in support of its claim any law court would draw an a priori
adverse inference. Even then we claim no special advantage form this
fundamental weakness in the case of the respondent Anglo-Mughal
school. In ordinary life there are very many occasions when documents
are not available on either side and yet there is overwhelming
circumstantial evidence on the basis of which the court can come to a
clear judgement over the rival claims.
 Its is such circumstantial evidence which we propose to lay before
the bar and bench of learned public opinion:
 According to the British historian Keene, Agra fort has been in
existence from the pre-Christian era. Ancient Hindu kings like Ashok
(3rd Century B.C.) and Kanishka (1st Century B.C.) had lived in that
fort.
 That same fort is again referred to by the Persian poet-historian
Salman,in the 11th century A.D.. Early in that century when the Hindu
king Jaipal ruled over Agra. The fort suffered its first Mughal raid
under the invader Mahmud of Ghazni.
 Thereafter some chauvinistic Islamic accounts vaguely claim that the
Mughal sultan Sikandar Lodi demolished the Hindu fort. That claim has
been found to be baseless.
 A few years later another vague claim is made by some other
mediaeval Mughal faltterers that sultan Salim Shah Sur either
destroyed the Hindu fort or Sikandar Lodi’s fort and built his own
fort at exactly the same place or some other place.Even the claim has
been found to be fraudulent because no trace is found of the fort that
Salim Shah Sur is said to have built. Mughal history is replete with
such fraudulent claims, according to the late British historian Sir
H.M.Elliot.
 The claim that Akbar built the fort is also found to be baseless
because while he is said to have demolished the fort in 1565 A.D., a
murderer Adham Khan being thrown from the terrace of a palace-
apartment inside the fort in 1566 A.D. is emphatic proof that the
claim made on behalf of Akbar is as fraudulent as those made on behalf
of two other Mughal sultans earlier. In fact it is also pointed out
that not a single building of Akbar’s time exists in the fort.
 Akbar’s son Jahangir is said to have perhaps built a palace inside
the fort here or there demolishing his own father’s palace but even
that conjecture is found to be based on mere fancy or on some idle
engravings.
 Jahangir’s son Shahjahan is said to have demolished 500 buildings
inside the fort and erected 500 others. On the very face of it this
claim is absurd. No one will merely for fun of it destroy 500 palatial
mansions built by one’s father or grandfather. Such demolition itself
will occupy a lifetime. Moreover it must also be remembered that
Shahjahan is credited with building the fabulous Taj Mahal in Agra, a
whole new township of Delhi, also the Red fort in Delhi, The Jama
Masjid in Delhi and perhaps many other buildings. Not only are there
no court records of any building activity but even inscriptions do not
substantiate any building claim. We wish to alert visitors not to be
misled by the appearance of Arabic or Persian lettering on mediaeval
buildings. All such lettering is mostly of Koranic extracts or the
name of Allah. Those inscriptions are seldom temporal. In a few
instances where there are temporal inscriptions they usually bear the
name of the engraver or of the person buried and some irrelevant
matter. For instance nowhere on the Taj Mahal has it been mentioned
that the Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan. We therefore wonder how the
whole world had been duped for 300 long years into believing that the
Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan. Similar is the case with Red fort in
Agra.
 No where is it said that Akbar or his son Jahangir or the latter’s
son Shahjahan built anything there.
 In this connection we also want to alert visitors to mediaeval
buildings and students and scholars of history not to believe in
translations of Arabic and Persian inscriptions presented readymade to
them through earlier books. We have found in very many instances that
they have been distorted in translation. For instance on the Taj Mahal
the inscriber has carved his name as Amanat Khan Shirazi (an
insignificant slave of the emperor Shahjahan). Anglo-Mughal accounts
have boosted this inscriber of letters as one of the great wonder
architects of the world. Similarly on Fatehpur Sikri where a building
is said to have been graced (by his presence) by Salim Chisti it is
merrily ascribed to him.

 .We therefore advise all students of history never to take for
granted the translation of Mughal inscriptions provided heretofore but
get them translated de novo whenever one has to make use of them. The
whole question of the translation and interpretation of Mughal
inscriptions not only in India but throughout the world must be
reopened and gone through thoroughly, for much wishful thinking has
gone into presenting them in translations to non-Mughals. In fact it
would be very educative to have an encyclopaedia for all Mughal
inscriptions and the misleading translations and interpretations they
have been subjected to heretofore. As an instance of a great snare in
the study of mediaeval history such exposure will be of immense
educative value in warning future researchers and students of history.

 Once the hurdle of a false Mughal claim made on Akbar’s behalf is
got over we find that the fort that we see today in Agra is the same
which was owned by ancient Hindu kings like Ashok and Kanishka .After
Akbar there is no serious claim made on behalf of any Mughal ruler as
the author of the fort. That means that the fort that we see in Agra
city today is the ancient Hindu ochre fort a colour so dear to Hindus.
In fact ochre is the colour of Hindu flag- a colour for which and
under which they have fought for their national and cultural existence
and identity –a colour which has inspired them to great deeds of
valour, sacrifice, bravery, chivalry, gallantry and glory. Can that
ochre colour be ever owned by Mughals? It goes against all history and
tradition.
 Despite several centuries of Mughal occupation and canards of Mughal
authorship all the fort’s Hindu associations are intact. This is
something remarkable.
 The two thousand-year history of the fort that Keene traces turns
out to be authentic. The slight hitch and doubt that he encounters
gets explained away by his own very intelligent footnote that the
incident of a murderer having been flung from the terrace of the
palace inside the fort could not be possible if the fort had been
destroyed a year earlier.
 The lack of any coherence in the dates of starting the forts
construction and its completion is proof of the fact that the world
has been buffed about the Mughal origin of the fort.
 Mughal accounts are unable to explain the name of any apartment, as
to who built it, when was it built ,what for it was built, what its
cost was and why it has an Hindu aura about it ? This is because the
fort did not originally belong to the invaders from
Arabia ,Iran ,Turkey, Afghanistan, Khazasstan and Uzbekstan. They were
mere intruders , conquerors, usurpers.
 All this discussion should convince the reader that the Red Fort in
Agra is of hoary Hindu antiquity and is at least 2200 years old.

 The meticulous inquiry into the matter through the coherent and
authentic account .The exposure of the falsehood is always
reconcilable with the historical event and thus the burden of proof is
always lying upon the individual denying the existing facts. The onus
will be shifted upon the authority when inconsistent anomalous and
contradictory versions about the origin of Taj Mahal may be
scientifically tested upon the yardstick of the truth. Let us begin
with Badshahnama, a Shahjahan’s chronicle which discloses that the
cost of scaffolding exceeded that of the entire work done regarding
Mausoleun. Mr Narul Hasan Siddiqui book that a Hindu Palace was
commandeered to bury Mumtaz in which Shahjahan’s fifth generation
ancestor Barbar lived in Tejo Mahalaya. All these facts are to be
examined through the scientific methods in order to expose the false
propaganda that the Mogul invaders have not given any contribution for
building the monuments. We may further examine that the mythical indo
Saracen architecture medieval mosques and tombs in India were built or
conquered and misused by the invaders the number of such monuments may
include Mohammed Ghaus ‘s tomb in Gwalior, Salim Chisti mausoleun in
Ftahepur Sikri, Nizzamuddin Kabar in Delhi ,Moinuddin Chisti’s Makbara
in Ajmer ,Red fort Shicundera Etamatudaula at Agra, Jama
Masjid ,Red fort Delhi, Kutub Minar in Delhi and Sufdarjung. The
disputed site of Lord Krishna temple Mathura and Vishwanath Temple at
Varanasi may also be examined not only to resolve the controversy but
also to curve out the animosity among the citizen in India on the
ground of the religion.
 The extract of Badshahnama may be examined after getting them
translated form Persian passage in the English rendering. On page
number 403 of Badshahnama it is admitted in verse 26 to 33 that
Huzurat Mumtazul Zamani whose sacred dead body was buried in Burhanpur
in a garden was brought from 600 miles after six months and
transported to Agra(Akbarabad). In the south of the great city there
was a palace of Raja Maan Singh which was owned by Raja Jay Singh
known as Tejo Mahalaya(The temple of Lord Shiva /Tejo ji) And this
place was selected burial of the Queen for which the great ancestral
heritage ,religious sanctity was associated with Raja Jai Singh who
was compensated by offering the government land. Thus a palace was
converted in a dome, handy readymade Mausoleun. The authority of
Badshahnama is the first proof regarding the existence of the temple
at the time when Huzurat Mumtazul Zamani was buried. The similar
treatment were given to the different Hindu palaces and temples by
converting them at as Mausoleun of Akbar at Secundara and Humayun in
Delhi and the Vishnu temple to Qutub Minar by overbearing Mughal
fanatic potentate specially when these monuments were constructed by
Hindu Rulers.
 One great tragedy of Indian history has been that while Indians
remained subdued and gagged under alien domination for over a
millenium foreigners who wielded all power in India played great havoc
with Indian history merrily destroying or distorting it at will either
out of sheer cunning and cussedness or through their colossal
ignorance and wanton barbarism.
 In that process all mediaeval buildings which came under long Mughal
occupation came to be misused as tombs or mosques. And in course of
time, thanks to alien chauvinism, court flattery and fanatic
cunning ,all ancient Hindu townships and building got ascribed to
Mughal authorship. Thus with astounding historical naivete Ahmedabad
was, by its sheer name, assumed to have been founded by Ahmedshah,
Tughlaqabad by Tughlaq Shah and Ferozabad by Ferozshah .

 If one is to be guided by such puerile logic and shallow historical
scholarship then one will have to conclude that the city of Allahabad
in the state of Uttar Pradesh must have been founded by the Mughal God
Allah himself. This is with regard to mediaeval townships. But even
for mediaeval buildings the same nonchalant, nondescript method is
followed. Thus it is blatantly stated that if a building is known as
Salimgarh it must have been built by or for Sheikh Salim Chisti
(emperor Akbar’s fancied spiritual preceptor ) or Prince Salim
(Akbar’s heir apparent)or some other Salim. Likewise if a building is
called Jahangiri Mahal it is, by that very token insisted that it must
have been built by Prince Salim after ascending the throne as
Jahangir. Such superficial derivations and conclusions about
authorship make nonsense of all historical research methodology.

 During nearly 1100 years of alien rule in India most of her history
has been distorted or destroyed. All massive, majestic and alluring
historic Hindu constructions in India, from Kashmir to Cape
Comorin ,have got ascribed to alien Mughal invaders such as Turks,
Afghans, Iranians ,Arabs, Abyssinians and Moguls out of sheer
usurpation or conquest. Such misappropriated constructions include
forts, palaces, mansions, sera’s, roads, bridges, wells, canals and
even road- side mile-pillars. Misuse of a colossal number of Hindu
temples, palaces and mansions as tombs and mosque for several
centuries has misled many generations of the publics, tourists,
students and scholars of history all over the world into believing
that those buildings were originally commissioned by the Mughals.

 The intelligentsia of Hindusthan has been somewhat slow in
assimilating that finding is a measure of the havoc that history
causes in the minds of a subject people by making it impervious even
to logic and legal proof. While warrior -patriots like Rana Pratap
and the great Chhatrapati Shivaji spill their purple blood to
emancipate the land and its people should it not be the patriotic duty
of historians to spill at least some blue-black ink for an academic
re-conquest of occupied buildings falsely ascribed to alien
conquerors?
 The so called Imambadas in Lucknow for instance are ancient Hindu
places which are being merrily ascribed to this or that alien Mughal
nawab who subjugated that part of Hindusthan.
 There was E.B. Havell, a great architect and one endowed with deep
insight. Havell has debunked the claim that the Taj Mahal is the
product of any non-Hindu architectural style. In discussing the
architecture of the Taj Mahal and the claim of some historians that an
Italian named Veroneo may have been its designer, Mr. Kanwar Lal
quotes Mr. Havell thus: “So if Veroneo was so deeply versed in Indian
craft tradition that he could design a lotus dome after the rules laid
down in the Shilpa Shastras ,the dome itself ,built by Asiatic
craftsmen would not have been his. The dome of Taj at Agra and the
dome of Ibrahim’s tomb(in Bizapur) both are constructed on the same
principles. They are nearly of the same dimensions, and a fact
unnoticed by Fergussion and his followers , the contours of both
correspond exactly, except that the lotus crown of the Taj at Agra
tapers more finely and the lotus petals at the springing of the dome
are inlaid instead of being sculptured. The Taj Mahal is, infact,
exactly such a building as one would expect to be created in India …by
a group of master builders inheriting the traditions of Buddhist and
Hindu buildings. The plan which consists of a central dome chamber
surrounded by four small domed chambers, follows the plan of an Indian
pancharatna ,or “five jewelled” temple. Its prototype as have shown
elsewhere is found in the Buddhist temple of Chandi Sewa in Java and
in the sculptured stupa shrines of Ajanta. Neither Shahjahan nor his
court builders, much less an obscure Italian adventurer can claim the
whole merit of its achievements.
 How very clear is Mr. Havell in his assertion that the Taj Mahal is
built in the ancient Indian, Hindu style and none of Shahjahan’s
contemporaries could design or conceive of it. We regret that Mr.
Havell was unaware of the admission in Shahjahan’s own official
chronicle, The Badshahnama, that the Taj Mahal is an ancient Hindu
mansion. Had that confession come to light in his time he would have
rejoiced to find his architectural conclusion fully corroborated by
history, and he would then have been acknowledged as an authority on
Indian architecture far superior to Percy Brown or Fergussion.
 Like all other so called Mughal tombs i.e. Hindu buildings used by
them first as residences and later as burial places the Taj Mahal too
is not a single tomb but an ancient Hindu mansion reduced to an
Islamic burial ground. Besides Mumtaz, Shahjahan himself lies buried
by her side. But that is not all. There are two other graves in the
same precincts.
 Mr Kanwar lal (P. 69 The Taj by Kanwar Lal ,ibid.) observes . “At
the other end of the Jilokhana, towards the east there are again two
buildings These are the tombs of Satunnisa (Khanam) who was a
favourite attendant of Mumtaz Mahal and who was entrusted with the
task of looking after the temporary tomb of Mumtaz Mahal at Burhanpur.
Similar is the tomb of Sarhandi Begum, another of Shahjahan’s queens.
The two structures are built exactly the alike.”
 The Satunnisa Khanam’s tomb consists of a high octagonal plinth,
round a central octagonal mortuary chamber. That Taj is based on good
authority, but the special assignment to her of this particular tomb
has no better foundation than popular belief. That shows that like
every other detail about the Taj Mahal legend even the Satunissa
Khanam tomb is a concoction. All such tomb like mounds were erected in
usurped Hindu mansions so that Hindus may not reclaim and re use those
buildings. The Mughals knew of the Hindu weakness of not disturbing or
reclaiming sepulchral sites. So, erecting false oblong grave like
mounds was like posting a strong military contingent or planting a
scarecrow, which cost practically nothing. It was a simple device a
strategic totem to claim Hindu buildings for Islam and it worked
admirably.
 It is sometimes innocently asked by history teachers that if the Taj
Mahal had existed centuries before Shahjahan, how is it there are no
earlier references to it. There are three answer to the question.
Firstly, the Taj Mahal being then the palace and not the monument open
for public inspection as it now is, used to be closely guarded. It was
accessible only to the elite and then only on invitation or conquest.
As such one cannot except the same prolific references to it as a
tourist attraction that one comes across in these days of publicity
and modern communications. The second answer is that ancient and
mediaeval India teemed with mansions, palaces and temples of
bewildering and bewitching variety, so much so that being all very
spectacular, one could not be distinguished from another by mere
description. Despite such very good reasons for not expecting any
identifiable details in earlier records of what is at present known as
Taj Mahal, luckily, Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India,
who was the great grandfather of emperor Shahjahan, has left us a
disarming and unmistakable description of the Taj Mahal, if only we
have the inclination and insight to grasp it. So our third answer to
the question why no mention is found in earlier chronicles of the Taj
Mahal and other buildings is that though many a time there is a clear
mention of such buildings, our senses benumbed by traditional tutoring
fail to grasp their significance. Such is the case with the Taj Mahal.
 The rampant corruption was prevalent during the Mogul time and there
were large percentage of unauthorized profits of innumerable middle
men thus there was no money to raise a cenotaph in the ground floor in
octagonal chamber by covering them with costly mosaic stones to match
with the palace flooring and barricading the hundred of rooms,
ventilators staircases, doorways, balconies and corridor. There exist
a seven-storey marble Tejo Mahalaya Hindu temple palace complex. The
seven storey massive girth in its lofty gateways and arches
necessitates the removal of stone pitching and as such Badshahnama
discloses the expenditure incurred in scaffolding of these Hindu
complexes and in engraving the Koran on the walls of edifice. The
great French merchant visitor Tavernier testimony too fully
corroborates the aforesaid conclusion. Let us examine his testimony
introduce in Maharashtreeya Jnyankosh. “Jean Baptiste Tavernier, a
French jeweler, toured India for trade between 1641 and 1668 A.D. His
travel account is mainly devoted to commerce. He used to sojourn at
Surat and Agra (while in India). He visited all parts of India,
including Bengal , Gujrat ,Punjab, Madras , Karnatak, etc. He owned a
vehicle .He had to spend Rs. 600 for the cart and pair of bullocks.
‘The bullocks used to cover 40 miles a day for two months at a
stretch. Four days were enough for the journey from Surat to Agra or
Golcunda and the expense used to be between Rs. 40 and Rs.50. The
roads were as good as Roman highways. European traveler’s felt
inconvenienced in Hindu territories for want of meat, which was freely
available in Mughal dominions. A good postal system was in vogue. Both
the town –folk and the government used to provide protection against
highway robbery’…is the kind of information Travernier has recorded
(in his book titled Travels in India). Not being learned, he has not
recorded much except where wealth and commerce was concerned.
 The other important piece of evidence arises from some chance
digging conducted in the Garden in front of the marble edifice early
in the year 1973 A.D.It so happened that the fountains developed some
defect .It was therefore thought advisable to inspect the main pipe
that lay imbedded underneath. When the ground was dug to that level
some hollows were noticed going down to another five feet. Therefore
the ground was dug to that depth. And to the utter surprise of all
there lay at that depth another set of fountains hitherto unknown.
What appeared more significant was that those fountains are aligned to
the Taj Mahal, decisively indicating that the present building existed
even before Shahjahan. Those hidden fountains could have been
installed neither by Shahjahan not his successors, the British.
Therefore they were of the pre-Shahjahan era . Since they were aligned
to the Taj Mahal building it followed ipso facto that the building too
pre-dated Shahjahan. This piece of evidence too therefore clinches the
issue in favour of our conclusion that Shahjahan only commandeered an
ancient Hindu temple –palace for Mumtaz’s burial.
 The archaeology officer who supervised that digging was Mr. R.S.
Verma, a conservation assistant. This same official made another
chance discovery. Once while strolling staff-in-hand on the terrace
near the so-called mosque and the circular well on the western flank
of the marble edifice. Mr. Verma detected a hollow sound coming from
below the floor where his staff hit the terrace. He had a slab
covering that spot removed and to his surprise that was an ancient
opening, apparently sealed by Shahjahan, to a flight of about 50 steps
reaching down into a dark corridor. The broad wall under the terrace
was apparently hollow. From this it is clear that the corresponding
spot on the eastern terrace also hides a similar staircase and
corridor, at its bottom. And God only knows how many more such walls,
apartments and stories lie sealed, hidden and unknown to the world.
Thus also incidentally points to the sorry state of research with
respect to the Taj Mahal. Nobody seems to have done neither any
archaeological investigation in the grounds of the Taj Mahal nor
conducted a diligent academic study of the whole issue. Apparently
extraneous political and communal considerations have inhibited
historians and archeologists from conducting any meaningful research
into the origin of Taj Mahal. Such Academic cowardice is highly
reprehensible.
 Naturally when chance alien visitors like Peter Mundy visit such
sites undergoing extensive superficial changes his observing that “the
building is begun….( and ) is prosecuted with extraordinary diligence
“ is not wrong .He couldn’t visualise that some generations after him
posterity would be bluffed into believing that the Taj Mahal complex
was raised by Shahjahan himself . Travernier and Peter Mundy could not
possibly visualize such a falsification of history and could not be
more explicit. We ourselves visiting some building as chance visitors
wouldn’t be more explicit. For instance if we were to visit Bombay or
London at a time when somebody has acquired somebody else’s mansion
and has enclosed it in massive scaffolding to renovate it for his own
purpose we won’t dare or care to ask him how he acquired the
building ,for how much, from whom ,what changes he proposed to
make ,and spend how much over it .We would simply refer to it as his
building. Such inquiries are all the more impossible when a wide
hiatus of language, race, culture authority and wealth separates the
two. Peter Mundy also fortunately records the object of the
leveling up of the hillocks. The hillocks were removed , he says,
”because they might not hinder the prospect “ of the mausoleum .The
very fact that within a couple of years of Mumtaz’s death the
hillocks were leveled to afford a glimpse of the mausoleum clearly
indicates that the Taj building complex already existed .All that was
necessary was to level some of the hillocks and make the building
visible from a distance. In fact the very object of the ancient Hindu
builders of the Taj raising those hillocks seems from Mundy’s noting,
to prevent the tempting Taj to be the target of a malicious enemy’s
attack. Since Shahjahan was converting it into a tomb open to all and
sundry, he no longer had the need to keep it out of the gaze of
enmical people.
 Waldemar Hansen notes on pages 181-182 of his book (titled “The
Peacock Throne” ,published by Holt ,Rhinehart and Winston ) that “Even
as early as 1632 on the first anniversary of Mumtaz Mahal’s death ,the
courtyard of the mausoleum in progress had been adorned with superb
tents, with the entire court assembled to pay homage- princes of the
royal blood ,grandees and an assemblage of religious scholars
including sheikhs, ulemas and hafizes who knew the whole Koran by
heart. Shahjahan had graced the event with his presence, and as the
empress’s father Asaf Khan was present by imperial request, a great
banquet was spread before the then nascent tomb and guests partook of
a variety of foods, sweetmeats and fruits. Verses from the Koran
filled the air, prayers were offered for the soul of the dead and a
hundred thousand rupees went into charity. In later years on other
anniversary days, Shahjahan attended memorials at the incomplete
edifice whenever in Agra, formally accompanied by Jahanara and the
harem .The ladies always occupied a central platform set up for the
occasion, and remained concealed from the public gaze by kanats,
screens of red cloth and velvet. Noblemen gathered under pitched
tents.
 “The Mehtab garden is innundated and looks desolate. Its scenic
beauty will reappear only when the floods recede”. That the rear
portion of the building complex remains safe is a mystery. The stream
keeping away from the rear wall has prevented damage.
 “On Saturday too I visited the spot and then I called on the Prince
(Dara) who also paid me a return visit. Then taking leave of all I
resumed my journey (to take charge as govrneor of the Deccan) on
Sunday and today the 8th instant I am in the vicinity of Dholpur…”
 Thus from Aurangzeb’s noting it is apparent that in 1652 A.D. itself
the Taj Mahal building complex had become so ancient that it needed
elaborate repairs. So what was carried out in 1652 A.D was not the
completion of a new building but the repairs to an old building
complex. Had The Taj Mahal been a building completed in 1653 it would
not have fallen to the lot of a chance ,lone visitor like Aurangzeb to
notice the defects and order repairs in 1652.The defects should have
been noticed by the thousands of workmen and hundreds of court
supervisors who were supposed to be building the Taj Mahal. And
since such serious defects had been in fact noticed a year before
completion all the tom-tomming of the “master –builders” of the Taj
is utterly unjustified. The builders of the Taj were no doubt master-
craftsmen but they were not Shahajahan’s contemporaries but Hindus of
several centuries earlier. Similarly it was not Shahjahan who
commissioned the Taj Mahal but some ancient Hindu king . Likewise the
Taj did not come into being as an Islamic mausoleum but as Hindu
temple –palace.
The builders of the Taj Mahal –ancient secret revealed
 “Tourists come from the world over to see Taj at Agra and all marvel
at the genius of the architects that could plan and accomplish so
lovely a “dream of marble”.
 They were commissioned by the Mogul emperor Shahjahan to raise a
mausoleum befitting his love for Mumtaz Mahal, his beloved consort ;
and they created this Wonder of the world.
 “Yet, despite strenuous efforts to discover it , their identity had
remained a mystery ;wild guesses as to their origin being foreign were
abroad. Even Bernier (1642 A.D.) notes only a rumour that the
architect was killed lest the secret of his art be revealed and a
rival to Taj created.
 “But the secret has at long last been found in a manuscript book
discovered lately in the library of Mr.Mehmud Khan of Bangalore. The
glory of building the Taj belongs definitely to India,to a family of
Lahore architect, Ahmad, the father ,and his three sons. The book is
in Persian verses in the Persian character, its author being
Lathfullah Maaahandis, himself one of the three son architects and it
is almost 300 years old, falling within the last years of Shahjahan’s
reign.
 “ It has been declared to be the only copy in the world, by the well-
known authority on these matters , Syed Suleiman Sahib
Nadvi,Principal ,Shibly Academy ,Azamgarh.
 “The book is in Mahandis’ own handwriting .As is noticed from
different verses, the author was a staunch follower of Dara Shikoh ,
Shahjahan’s eldest son ,and when Aurangzeb finally came to power,
after defeating Dara Shikoh, the author and his family suffered. He
sent a petition to the emperor but as it was not heeded the family had
to retire into seclusion and poverty.
 “It seems that the book was very secretly kept by the family in fear
of Aurangzeb ,as it contained verses in praise of Dara Shikoh .The
subsequent dates and writing on the last page show that the book was
brought and kept in the library of the library of the historical
personage Nawab Ebrahim Khann Hazbar Jung ,the famous Mahammedan
general nick named Gardy ,who sided with the Maharatas in the battle
of Panipat in 1761 against Ahmed Shah Abdali.The book has been in the
family of the present owner for generations, but it was not noticed
until Moulana Syed Suleiman Nadvi ,the well known historian, author
and editor of the Moariff (the monthly journal of the Society of
Authors and Shibly Academy, Azamgarh ,U.P.) Discovered it and, on
information gleaned from it, read a lengthy Urdu paper on the builders
of the Taj in Punjab University.
 “In the verses on two pages of the book described in the article,
the author praises Shahjahan ,and speaks of his father Ahmed, the
‘Nadar–ul-Asar’ (the unique of the world ),as supreme master
craftsman, geometer ,astronomer and prosateur .He was appointed court
architect by Shahjahan’s Ryal Warrant ,and was the builder of the Taj
Mahal at Agra and the Lal Quila (Red Fort) at Delhi. He died in
1649,two years after the Taj was built .The author his son and co-
architect of the Taj learnt at his feet.”
 Article titled Some Facts About the Taj Mahal by Mohammed Din,
published in The illustrated weekly of India dated December
30,1951.The article runs thus:
 “When The Taj Mahal was built, the many mechanical aids available
today were unheard of; yet the extraordinary ingenuity employed in its
construction and the high degree of engineering skill evidenced in its
design make the mind pause.
 Not less remarkable were the talent and skill of the artisans
employed. In translating this fabulous architectural dream into brick
and mortar, and area 967 ft. long and 373 ft. wide was excavated to a
depth of 44 ft. where sub-soil water was met .The whole excavated area
was filled in mass with rubble stone in hydraulic lime to provide a
common foundation for the three heavy structures, the Taj Mahal ,
Jamaet – Khana and one mosque which were to be raised close to one
another. About 20,000 men were engaged on this work.
 “Over this foundation the plinth of the Taj Mahal , 313 ft. square
and 8 ft. high, was built in stone with hydraulic lime mortar and
marble stone casing. The casing was laid after the rubble masonry was
raised to its designed height, then the marble facing was set.
 “The main engineering problem was to haul up the materials to the
required height during the progress of the work. This was done by
constructing wooden pillars of square timber posts bundled together
and skillfully tied with top levels at different heights, and so
spaced as to carry a strong platform 40 ft. wide and a spiral roadway
with a slope of 1 in 20, to permit loaded mules and mule carts to run
over it, and to hold dumps of materials for construction work. This
spiral platform was continuous and ran all round the dome, and
remained in position till the work was raised to its designed height
of 240 ft. above ground level. Special engineers were engaged to build
the scaffolding and platform, and 500 carpenters and 300 blacksmith
were employed on this project alone. The total length of the spiral
platform was about 4,800 ft. The mortar was hoisted by means of
Persian wheels, which were fitted on the spiral platform. These were
worked by bullocks and mules.
 “The materials for the massive work were brought from many distant
places. The marble stone was obtained from Makrana in Rajputana ,for
which about a thousand elephants were engaged. The maximum weight of a
block of stone was about 2.5 tons, which is the safe carrying capacity
of an elephant. A number of elephants were also engaged to work the
pulleys.
 “The timber for scaffolding was brought from the Kashmir and Naini
Tal areas. About 2000 camels and 1000 bullock carts were employed for
carting bricks and light materials to the construction site and about
1000 mules for lifting the materials along the spiral platform.
 “The marble stone required for drum and dome was dressed on the
ground and then lifted and laid in position by means of pulleys…
 “After the main dome and drum work was finished, work on annexes and
subsidiary buildings was taken in hand and completed in the same
manner.
 “There are four minarets at the four corners of the Taj Mahal.
 “The river Jumna was half a mile away from the structure. After the
building was completed , the river was diverted artificially to flow
alongside the Taj to add to the beauty of landscape.
 “Contemporary Mughal writers recorded the names of those who
designed and constructed the Taj Mahal, and the names and quantities
of precious stones used. It appears that Mohammed Isa Afandi, of
turkey, was the chief designer and draftsman. Among the other
foreigners employed on the construction, there were men from
Arabia ,Persia, Syria ,Baghdad and Samarkand and there was at least
one Frenchmen, Austin de Bordeaux, a goldsmith.
 The precious stones used included 540 pieces of cornelian from
Baghdad, 670 turquoises from upper Tibet, 614 malachite’s from Russia ,
559 onyxes from Deccan and 625 diamonds from Central India. The
construction of Taj Mahal was begun in 1632 and was not completed
till 1650.It is believed to have cost more than a crore and a half of
rupees which in terms of the present value of money ,would be at ten
times as much .Two thirds of this were contributed by the State office
and one third by third by the State treasury of the province. The
allocations of expenditures on different parts of the structure have
been carefully recorded in documents which are still existent.
 “Shahjahan, magnificent in his kingship, was equally magnificent in
his sorrows. This exquisite memorial of an emperor’s love was built by
the sorrowing Shahjahan for his departed spouse. He manifestly
designed it to go down in history to a worshipful posterity; three
hundred years after, it is still acclaimed as one of the supreme
achievements of the architect.
 The measurement mentioned could of course always be taken from the
erstwhile Hindu Temple palace, which stands before us today as the Taj
Mahal, and stuffed into any post-mortem of the construction.
 The account of how the edifice was erected is apparently the result
of an hind-sight post-mortem carried out by some contemporary
architects, as far as they can visualize it .As for the 500 carpenters
and 300 blacksmiths and such others employed, we have no special
objection because that many would be easily absorbed in erecting even
a scaffolding around the massive Hindu Temple palace, which the Taj
Mahal is, to convert it into a Mughal tomb.
 The following conclusions emerge from what Emperor Shahjahan’s own
court chronicler has recorded in the official history of the reign,
Badshahnama :
 1.The Taj Mahal is a Hindu palace.
 2.It has around it a majestic and spacious garden.
 3.The huge building complex was obtained in exchange (if at all )
for almost a song, i.e. at best transferring to the owner an open plot
of land. This too seems fishy because the location and the size of the
plot of land are not mentioned. Most probably it was just a blatant
expropriation effected by turning Jaisingh out of his wealthy
ancestral palace. The detail that Jaisingh was compensated by gifting
him on open plot of land is obviously a royal Islamic bluff to cover
up the fact that Raja Jaisingh was blatantly robbed of his wealthy
temple-palace.
 4.The Hindu palace had a dome.
 5.Mumtaz was buried, so they say, under that dome soon after her
exhumed body was brought from Burhanpur to Agra, if at all.
 6.The estimated expenditure (to transform the Hindu Palace into a
Mughal tomb ) was Rs.40 lakhs .(the actual expenditure is unknown ).
 7.Of the above sum , Rs.5 lakhs was spent on the grave and cenotaph
and the balance of Rs 35 lakhs on the scaffolding and the Koranic
engravings.
 8.Designer or architects are out of the picture, since the Taj Mahal
was never raised by Shahjahan.
 9.The Hindu palace was known as Mansingh’s palace during Emperor
Shahjahan’s time though it was in the occupation of his grandson
Jaisingh.

 The above account being fairly plausible fits with the truth that
the Taj Mahal is an ancient Hindu palace commandeered for conversion
into a Mughal tomb.
 In spite of this fundamental vagueness we would have accepted the
duration of the period during which the Taj Mahal was a building if
there had been any consensus about it among historians.
Unfortunately, there is none .See how many versions are there:

 1.The Maharashtreeya Jnyankosh quoted (Pp. 35-36 ,Maharashtreeya
Jnyankosh ,ibid,Vol. 15) says that the “construction commenced in
1631 A.D. and ended in January 1643 A.D.”That gives a period of a
little less than 12 years .
 2.The encyclopaedia Britannica (P. 758, Encyclopaedia Britannica ,
1964 Ed.,Vol. 21) says “the building was commenced in 1632.More than
20,000 workmen were employed daily to complete the mausoleum building
itself by 1643,although the whole Taj complex took 22 years to
complete .Unlike the first encyclopaedia ,the latter gives us two
separate periods :one of 10 to 11 years and the other of 22 years.
About this latter period of 22 years we would also like to know why
the mausoleum needed a building complex containing stables and guard
and guest rooms was Mumtaz still supposed to go riding, casting away
the burqa and escorted by large cavalry contingents? Was she also
expected to receive guests?
 3.Tavernier’s account runs completely counter to all Mughal
versions, which form the basis of the encyclopedic accounts quoted
above. The Encyclopaedia Britannica account is actually as amalgam of
the Tavernier and Mughal accounts in as much as it borrows the
figure of 20,000.workmen and 22 years from Tavernier while deftly
weaving in it the 11or 12 year period fancied in Mughal accounts.
 Tavernier (PP.109-111, Travels in India, ibid.) says he witnessed
the commencement and accomplishment of this great work on which they
expended 22 years during which 20,000 men worked incessantly .The cost
of it has been enormous. The scaffolding alone cost more than the
entire work…”
 Even presuming that Tavernier arrived in Agra in 1641, and the work
began soon after his arrival there, it should have lasted from 1641 to
1663.But Shahjahan was deposed and imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in
1658 .How then could the work of the Mumtaz mausoleum proceed until
1663,i.e. five years after his losing control of state affairs ? And
if, in fact, It did, what are we to make some Mughal accounts, which
claim that the work had ended in 1643? Then again, is the problem of
the commencement of the construction still remains hanging in air.
 4.Mr.Mohammed Din’s article (The Illustrated weekly of India dated
Dec 30,1951.) asserts “the construction of the Taj Mahal was begun in
1632 and was not completed till 1650”.Mr.Mohammed Din seems to be sure
only of the date when the building commenced .If we take 1632 as the
year of commenced then what are we to make of Tavernier’s assertion
that work started in his presence ?
 5.Yet another version estimates the Taj Mahal to have been under
construction for 17 years .This is from Mr. Arora’s book (P. 10 City
of Taj by R.C. Arora ,printed at the Hiberninan Press,15 Portuguese
Church Street ,Calcutta). He says “Shahjahan commenced building the
Taj in 1631,the fourth year his accession .The splendid mausoleum was
completed in 1648.
 It is not even certain that Mumtaz died in 1630.Even assuming that
she died in 1630 she perhaps died towards the close of that year. In
such a case is it possible for the emperor to make a decision to build
a dreamland monument, have a huge amount sanctioned for it, broadcast
his scheme to distant lands, have artists prepare plans have them sent
to Shahjahan, from among which, we are told,he selected one ,have a
wooden model constructed ,the necessary workmen collected, the
bewildering variety of material ordered and construction begun all by
1630?
 Since bricks (and timber) are generally bought and used soon after
being marketed (and are not stored for generations like diamonds,
bullion and ornaments) thermoluminescence is very helpful in
determining the age of a brick-structure fairly accurately. The carbon
– C14 test is applicable to anything, which had been part of a living
organism such as piece of bone or timber. A living tree continues to
breathe in carbon di oxide while alive. But once it is dead the
breathing in stops and the dead piece continues to lose its carbon di
oxide (including C14) content at a known rate.
 The report published in the Itihas Patrika (a quarterly journal,Vol
4 No. 4 dated 31 December 1984,THANA)is produced hereunder….
 Sample 1
 “Wood piece from door at North (east) end of Taj Mahal at beach
level fronting on Jumna River.
 “Age 1359+ - 89 A.D. Thus there is a 67% probability that the age of
the sample lies between 1448 and 1270 A.D.
 Submitted by Evan T.Williams
 Professor of chemistry
 City University of New York,
 Brooklyn College,
 Brooklyn,N.Y.,11210

 The Taj Mahal originated as a temple -The inscription in Sanskrit
has 34 stanzas of which stanzas 25,26 and 34 being relevant to our
topic are reproduced as translation. Translated, these means :”He
(King Parmardi Dev or on his behalf his minister Salakshan ) raised a
palace which had inside it the idol of Lord Vishnu whose feet the king
used to touch with his (bowed ) head.
 “Similarly the King also had constructed this temple,(dedicated) to
the God who bears the crescent on His (fore)head, made of crystal
white stone. Consecrated in that (magnificent) temple the lord (was so
pleased that He) never thought of repairing to His (Himalayan ) abode
on mount Kailas. The inscription found at Mauja Bateshwar,near Agra is
at present in the Lucknow Museum.It is of the King Paramardi Dev dated
Vikram Samvat 1212,Ashwin(month),5th day of the bright lunar
fortnight. It has in all 34 stanzas which describe the origin of the
Chandratreya (regal) dynasty and its important rulers. The inscription
was found embedded in a mound at Bateshwar .It was later deposited
in the Lucknow Museum by General Cunnigham, where it still is.The two
beautiful marble temples which King Paramardi Dev had raised, one for
Lord Vishnu and the other for Lord Shiva were subsequently desecrated
during Mughal invasions .Some clever(farsighted)person has this
inscription ,concerning these temples, buried in a mound. It remained
buried for many years until1900 A.D. when during excavations it was
discovered by General Cunnigham. The Shiva (Chandramauleeshwar) temple
is obviuosly the Taj Mahal for the following reasons:
 1.It is of crystal white marble as mentioned in the inscription .
 2.Its pinnacle and entrance arches bear the trident (trishul) which
is an exclusive emblem of Chandramauleeshwar.
 3.The edifice is said to have been of such captivating beauty that
the Lord (Shiva) Chandramauleeshwar never again thought of returning
to his Himalayan abode of Kailas.
 4.The Taj Mahal garden included plants and tress all sacred to
Hindus. Among them is the Bel and Harshringar ,the leaves and flowers
of which are considered a necessity for the worship of lord Shiva.
 5.The central Chamber of the Taj Mahal which is now believed to
contain the cenotaphs of emperor Shahjahan and his wife Arjumand Banu
Begum has around it ten quadrangular chambers providing a
perambulatory passage for devotees as is the Hindu custom.
 6.As the devotee passes through each of those rooms, ventilators
provide him a view of the centre of the octagonal central chamber
where the emblem of Lord Chandramauleeshwar was consecrated.
 7. The high dome of the Taj Mahal central chamber with its
reverberative effect provided the proper gimmick to produce the
ecstatic din that accompanies the worship of Lord Shiva when he is
supposed to perform the cosmic(Tandava Nritya) dance amidst the
blowing of conches, beating of drums and tolling of bells.
 8.The high dome is also a common feature of Shiva temples to enable
the hanging of a pitcher for water to drip over the emblem of Lord
Shiva. The chain which held the pitcher still remains suspended from
the centre of the dome.
 9.Silver doors and gold railings mentioned as fixtures of the Taj
Mahal are a common feature of Hindu temples surviving even to our own
day .Had the gold railing, fancied to have been provided for Mumtaz’s
tomb, been subsequently removed one should have seen holes in the
mosaic flooring for the props which supported the railing. There are
no such holes. That means that it was Shahjahan who removed the gold
railing of the ancient Hindu Shiva temple and carried it away to the
treasury, before using the location of the Hindu idol to graft an
Islamic cenotaph. Visitors may also notice there an ancient Hindu
colour sketch of eight directional pointers,16 cobras,32 tridents and
64 lotus buds all Hindu motifs in multiples of eight That design is
sketched in the concave domed ceiling of the octagonal central
chamber, which anyone standing close to Mumtaz’s cenotaph may look up
and see.
 10.Guides at the Taj Mahal still mention a tradition of a drop of
rainwater dropping from the high dome top on the cenotaph within. This
obviously is a remnant of the past memories of the water dripping on
the emblem of Lord Shiva from the pitcher.
 11.Tavernier mentions the six courts in the Taj Mahal building
complex where a bazar used to be held. It is common knowledge that in
Hindu tradition bazars and fairs are invariably held around temples
which constitute the focal points of Hindu life.
 12.The trident(trishul) which is Lord Shiva’s exclusive weapon is
also inlaid at the apex of the Taj Mahal’s marble entrance arches on
all four sides It is in red and white lines exactly as some Hindus
wear in colour on their foreheads. Its being installed there at the
apex of the entrance arches clearly proves that it is an unmistakable
Shiva temple.
 13.A full length design of the entire trident pinnacle as it towers
above the dome, has been inlaid in the red stone yard to the right of
the Taj Mahal as we stand facing the marble edifice. This again proves
its Hindu origin since it has been a tradition in Hindu architecture
to inscribe the basic scale used in the construction of every
building ,somewhere in the premises. In the case of Taj Mahal the
length of its trident pinnacle may be the basic scale used in raising
the Shiva temple.
 14.The ‘Taj Mahal itself is far from Persian .It is a corrupt from
of the Sanskrit term “Tejo Maha Alaya meaning Resplendent Shrine “It
was known as resplendent shrine because it reflects a dazzling sheen
in sunlight and moonlight. That name also attaches to it because Lord
Shiva’s third eye is said to emit a jet of lustre i.e. teja.The
tarditional conjecture that the term Taj Mahal derives from the name
of Mumtaz Mahal porves baseless on closer scrutiny.
 15. Apparently Akbar did not dispossess the Jaipur royal family of
the Taj Mahal because the Jaipur family was his strongest Hindu ally
and its scion ,Bhagwandas and Mansingh were his most trusted generals.
They were also in laws of the Mogul rulers.That after Humayun’s defeat
the Taj Mahal passed into the hands of the Jaipur royal family is
apparent from Emperor Sahhajahan’s chronicle which admits having
commandeered The Taj Mahal from Jai Singh ,the then head of the Jaipur
royal family.
 16.Besides the trident pinnacle, there are other Hindu symbols in
the Taj namely the conch, the lotus and the sacred Hindu chant “OM” in
Devanagiri character.
 Visitors to the Taj may notice the letter “om” woven in bold relief
in embossed flower –designs on the interior marble walls. As one
stands poised at the top of the stairs leading to the basement (to se
what they call the ‘real graves’ ) one may see on the walls around the
upper marble cenotaph chamber ,at chest level, the esoteric sacred
Hindu letter ‘om’ woven into embossed marble flower pattern. Pink
lotus patterns on the border of the grilled panels that enclose the
cenotaph may also be noticed.

 A peacock Throne could never have been ordered by fanatic mediaeval
Mughal rulers surrounded by even more fanatic maulvis. Throughout
their millennium long rule in India their one penchant was to break
images not to make them.
 The peacock Throne could only be a piece of Hindu Palace furniture
because traditionally a Hindu throne must have the effigy of some bird
or animal known for its splendor or valour. In Hindu terminology the
very term for a throne is a “Lion Seat (Simhasan).”
 Hardly had the project begun, than we are told that by 1635
Shahjahan had amassed such a plethora of gems and bullion, within
seven years of his accession that he did not know what to do with
them. He therefore had a fabulous Peacock Throne ordered.
 According to Shahjahan’s court chronicler (PP. 45-46,ibid.),it
appears that the peacock Throne was “three yards long, two and a half
yards broad, yards high and set with jewels worth 86 lakh rupees. The
canopy had 12 emerald columns. On top of each pillar were two
peacocks thick –set with rubies ,diamonds, emeralds and pearls. The
throne cost ten million rupees”.
 “The marble screen enclosing an octagonal area in the centre of the
cenotaph chamber was, according to the Badshahnama placed here in 1642
by Shahjahan …According, however ,to competent authority the screen
was placed here by Aurangzeb after he laid his father’s remains there.
 Had the Taj been an original tomb, Shahjahan would never have
allowed Indian flora to form the dominant feature of the tapestry
design inside the mausoleum of his wife. It is idle to argue that
because the workmen employed on the Taj happened to be Hindus their
motifs got incorporated in the Taj design. It must be remembered that
it is the person who pays the piper that calls the tune. Moreover when
it is a question of the peace of departed soul, symbols and motifs of
a detested religion would never have been allowed to be incorporated
in the ornamental patterns of the Taj. In fact the whole idea of
having such a luxurious tomb built and having decorative patterns made
inside it is frowned upon in Islamic religion and tradition. But
Shahjahan had no alternative but to put up with them since he had
taken over a ready made “heathen” monument.
 We have cited five direct proofs to establish that the Taj is an
ancient Hindu palace. These are:
 1.Shahjahan’s own court chronicler Mulla Abdul Hamid’s admission.
 2.Mr.Nurul Hasan Siddiqui’s book, The City of Taj, reiterates the
same position.
 3.Tavernier’s testimony too establishes that a lofty palace had been
obtained, and that it was a world tourist attraction even before
Mumtaz’s burial.
 4.Emperor Shahjahan’s great grandfather Babur’s Memoirs refer to the
Taj Mahal 104 years before Mumtaz’s death whose tomb the Taj is
supposed to be.
 5.The Encyclopaedia Britannica has been quoted to show that the Taj
Mahal building complex comprises guest rooms, guard rooms and stables.
These are all adjuncts of a temple palace but never of a tomb.
 In addition to the above we have ,in the foregoing pages, advanced
many other proofs as follows:
 6.The very name Taj Mahal means a crown palace or a resplendent
shrine (Tejo Maha Alaya) and not a tomb .
 7.Shahjahan’s reign was as full of turmoil and warfare as that of
most other Mughal rulers of India. He could not therefore, have any
wealth, peace, security or inclination to launch on such an ambitious
project as the Taj Mahal.
 8.Shahjahan’s lechery and profligacy ruled out any special
attachment to Mumtaz, whose mausoleum the Taj has been misrepresented
to be.
 9.Shahjahan was cruel, hard hearted and stingy ;as such he could
never have the artist’s soft heart and a liberal patron’s generosity
to lavish wealth on a building to house a corpse.
 10. Mulla Abdul Hamid Lahori, the court chronicler, mentions no
architect and estimates the cost of the work done to be only Rs
40,00,000 which clearly shows that no new building was erected.
 11.Shahjahan, whose reign was supposed to be a golden period of
history, has not left even a scrap of authentic paper about the
construction of Taj Mahal. There are no authentic orders commissioning
the Taj ,no correspondence for the purchase or acquisition of the so-
called site ,no design drawings no bills or receipts and no expense
account sheets Some of those usually produced or referred to have
already been proved to be forgeries.
 12.Had Shahjahan really been the conceiver of the Taj Mahal, he need
not have specially instructed Mulla Abdul Hamid Lahori not to forget
mentioning or describing its ‘construction’ in the official
chronicles, because the grandeur and majesty of the Taj as the finest
achievement of a ruling monarch could never be lost sight of by a paid
court chronicler.
 13.That Shahajahan could not even in his wildest dreams conceive
undertaking such a gorgeous project is apparent from the fact that
even the Mughal accounts tell us that he made the workers toil on
meagre rations without giving them any cash payment. Tavernier tells
us that Shahjahan could not marshal even timber enough for as much as
scaffolding. Some accounts have also pointed out that Shahjahan made
Rajas and Maharajas pay a large part of the “cost”. So even the
additions and alterations required in converting a Hindu palace to the
semblance of a Mughal tomb were made by compelling labourers to toil
for a mere meagre food allocation and by imposing levies on
subservient chieftains.
 14. If a stupendous monument like the Taj Mahal were specially built
for the burial of a consort there would be a ceremonial burial date
and it would not go unrecorded. But not only is the burial date not
mentioned but even the approximate period during which Arjumand Banu
Begum may have been buried in the Taj Mahal varies from six months
to nine years of her death.
 15. Mumtaz was married to Shahjahan when the latter was 21 years
old. Royal children in his times used to be married much before their
teens. This shows that Arjumand Banu was Shahjahan’s umpteenth wife.
There was thus no reason why she should have been buried in a special
monument.
 16. Having been a commoner by birth Arjumand Banu was not entitled
to a special monument
 17.History makes no special mention of any out of the way attachment
or romance between the two, unlike that of Jahangir and Nurjahan. This
shows that the story of their love is a concoction seeking to justify
the myth about the building of the taj over her body.
 18. Shahjahan was no patron of art. Had he been one, he would not
have had the heart to chop off the hands of those who are said to
have toiled to ‘build’ the monument for his wife. An art lover
especially one disconsolate on his wife’s death,would not indulge in
an orgy of maiming skilful craftsman. But the maiming story is
apparently true because made to toil mercilessly on meagre rations on
a palace usurped from its erstwhile Hindu master, the infuriated
workmen broke out in revolt.
 19.There is no record in history that Shahjahan had any special
infatuation for Mumtaz. In fact history records that he used to run
after various other women from his own daughter to his maids.
 20.The existence of the landing ghat on Yamuna River at the rear
suggests a temple palace, not a tomb.
 21.Even the central marble structure consists of a 23-room marble
palace suit which is superfluous for a tomb.
 22.The plan tallies with ancient Hindu architectural design and
specifications.
 23.The entire Taj building consists of over 1000 rooms along its
corridor, in two basements, on the upper floors and in its numerous
towers, which clearly bears out the contention that it was meant to be
a temple palace.
 24. The many annexes, guard and guest rooms etc. prove that it is a
temple palace. The pleasure pavilions in the Taj premises could never
form part of a tomb but only of a palace.
 25.The Taj complex houses a pair of Nakkar Khanas, i.e. drum houses.
Drum houses
 are not only superfluous in a tomb but it is a positive misfit
because a departed soul needs peace and rest. On the other hand a drum
house is a necessary concomitant of a temple-palace because drum beats
are used to herald royal arrivals and departures summoning of the
townsfolk for royal announcements and proclamations and announce
divine worship time.
 26.The Taj building complex also contains cowpen which used to be
part of all Hindu royal and temple premises.
 27.The Sanskrit words “Kalas” and “pranchi” (fenced off open spaces
around the dome and other structures) would never have been in the Taj
premises had it originated as a Mughal tomb.
 28.The decorative patterns and motifs throughout the Taj Mahal are
not only entirely of Indian flora but also of sacred Hindu emblems
like the lotus, which infidel characteristics, according to Islamic
beliefs would never allow any peace to the soul of the Mughal lady, if
any, lying buried beneath.
 29. The galleries, arches, supporting brackets and cupolas are
entirely in the Hindu style such as can be seen all over Rajasthan.
 30. Like every other suspicious aspect of Taj, its period of
construction is variously stated to be 10,12,13,17 or 22 years, which
again proves that the traditional story is a concotion.
 31.Even Tavernier’s testimony that he saw the commencement and the
end of this work, while weakening the traditional case, strengthens
ours.
 32. The reports that Shahjahan levied large amounts on rajas and
Maharajas and that the so called (tampering) work dragged on over
10,12,13,17,or even 22 years are all very true details. Since
Shahjahan was too shrewd and hard headed to spend anything out of his
own treasury and would lose no opportunity of taxing and persecuting
the local people, he made political capital even out of the death of
his own wife.
 33.The designers are variously mentioned by Western scholars to be
Europeans, and are claimed by Mughals to be Mughals, while the
Imperial Library Manuscript contains Hindu names.
 34.The Taj Mahal had a grand garden. A graveyard never boasts of
luscious fruits and fragrant flower trees, since the idea of enjoying
fruit and flowers of a graveyard orchard
 is revolting.
 35.The trees, moreover were those bearing Sanskrit names and select
sacred plants at that ,like Ketaki, Jai, Jui, Champa, Maulashree,
Harshringar and Bel.
 36.The designer of Taj is unknown.
 37.Far from causing him any expenditure, the Taj proved to be a
veritable gold mine for Shahjahan. While Arjumand Banu was buried in a
stripped, cold,stone temple palace, the building was robbed of all its
costly trappings which were removed to Sahjahan’s treasury.
 38. The Taj palace is located in the twin township of Jaisinghpura
and Khawaspura which are Rajput words, not Mughal.”Pura” in Sanskrit
signifies a busy locality and not an open plot of land as is sometimes
claimed.
 39.The Taj Mahal entrance faces south. Had it been a Mughal building
it should have faced west.
 40.Its decorative and marble work tallies exactly with that in the
Amer(Jaipur) palace built circa 967.
 41.The Taj temple palace has various other annexes outside its outer
peripheral redstone wall, meant for courtiers and palace staff.
 42. Akbar on his early visits to Agra used to stay in Khawaspura and
Jaisinghpura, which clearly shows that he stayed in the Taj .
 43.Bernier,another foreign visitor to Shahjahan’s court, tells us
that the nether chambers had a rare magnificence and no non-Mughal
was allowed entry to them.That shows the hush-hush secrecy maintained
about them.
 44.Even the term Taj Mahal doesn’t figure in any Mogul court
records.
 45.An English visitor, Peter Mundy who was in India only for about a
year after Mumtaz’s death mentions the Taj Mahal as one of the most
spectacular buildings. Thus Shahjahan’s sacrilege of the Hindu Taj
temple-palace by misusing it as an Islamic graveyard ought to be
rectified by removing Arjumand Banu’s remains,if they really are in
the Taj Mahal, to her original grave, still existing in Burhanpur.
The garden pavilion of an Hindu mansion in Burhanpur(about 600 miles
south west of Agra) where Mumtaz was buried in1631 A.D. after her
death in her 14th delivery during 18 years of married life. Shahjahan
Mumtaz had encamped in the adjoining Hindu palace during a north south
journey when Mumtaz died.The ground plan of the orthodox Vedic
octagonal Tejomahalaya shrine in Agra where Mumtaz’s exumed body is
supposed to have been interred again. Why this sacrilege? An aerial
view. The white marble Tejomahalaya framed by four towers at its
plinth-corners on the south bank of the sacred Yamuna river. Two
identical red stone buildings(each with three marble domes) facing the
marble edifice from the east and west were meant to be reception
pavilions for royal or religious congregations. The central marble
building and the flanking red stone buildings are all seven storied
with octagonal features, which is a Vedic specialty. Seven storied
octagonal buildings are mentioned even in Ramayanic description of
Ayodhya. A meticulous count will reveal 33 arches in the marble plinth
seen in front in between the two towers on the left and the right.
Since the marble platform is a square the breadth too has 33 arches
consequently the marble plinth itself encloses 33x 33=1089 rooms That
is the ground floor. Above it on either side of the lofty entrance
arch may be seen vaulted arches on two levels one above the other,
which constitutes two more stories in marble. The outer western
gateway leading to the spacious parking area for visitors’ vehicles
lined by arcaded red stone verandahs with rooms for shopkeepers
selling their wares. The entire parking area is lined by such shopping
arcades which Tavernier describes as bazar of six courts The western
gateway has assumed importance in modern times because the main bus
depot and railway stations of the populous, bustling Agra city lies in
that direction. In olden days it was the elevated gateway at the left
which used,to be the main entrance of the Tejganj alias Tajganj
township. The Tejomahalaya shopping arcade has had at its outer
eastern and western corners, flanking the Shree gate, two other
subsidiary sentinel-temples. This octagonal pavilion with a white dome
in the southwest corner bearing the inverted lotus cap and straight
Vedic pinnacle pitcher shaft is one of them. But alas, since
Shahjahan’s time the sacred sanctum has an Islamic cenotaph attributed
to an harem-maid Satunnisa Khanam. But since no name is inscribed on
it that seems to be an inspired canard explaining away the desecration
of the Hindu shrine.
 The interior of the multi-storied vaulted entrance gate leading
first to the rectangular garden and then to the wonder marble edifice
at the far end. The temple palace management staff used to work on
both floors on various assigned duties. The carved decorative red
stone bunting around the interior and exterior of this gateway, about
knee-high from the floor, if minutely observed turns out to be an
ingenious running chain of three-in-one Ganesh images, two in profile
on the flanks and one with a frontal facing in the middle. The marble
Taj Mahal has identical vaulted lofty archways in all the four
directions. Their temple décor was chiseled away and Koranic extracts
were improvised to fill the cavities. Close look at the marble stone
frames around the vertical and horizontal Koranic passages to notice
the patches of dissimilar shapes and tints of marble used. Cobras
lined up above a string of inlaid temple bells pattern form the upper
border of the Taj Mahal. Both cobras and bells have sacred
associations in Vedic spiritual lore.
 The seven arches at the bottom enclose the stairs, which lead to the
top of the marble plinth symmetrically from the right and left. The
Nandi(Lord Shiva ‘s Bull ) occupied the spot where the person clad in
white robes is seen standing facing the entrance, before it was
uprooted at Shahjahan’s orders. That spot was patched up later with
inferior reddish slabs. There is trident shaped designs in inlay
filigree at the two upper corners of the entrance and the trident
shaped red lotus bud at the apex of the arch.
 The Koranic stones fixed vertically and horizontally along such
lofty arches on all four sides were improvised to fill up gaping
cavities left after digging out idols of Vedic deities and Sanskrit
extracts. We arrive at the above conclusion because (1) a close
inspection of the marble frames enclosing the Koranic extracts reveal
patches of marble of different shapes and tints (2) The Koranic
extracts are random, haphazard out of sequence and incomplete (3) On
hot days with the visitor’s feet burning on the marble plinth a
fierce sun beating down on the head and the eyes burning with intense
sunlight radiated by the white marble sheen even a devout Mughal
knowing Arabic won’t have the heart or even the steady head or
patience to crane and strain his eyes and neck alternately vertically
and horizontally to make any head or tail of that message of Allah. A
close-up of the upper part of a minaret. The galleries rest on snake-
shape brackets, which is a distinct Hindu architectural trait.
Mumtaz’s tomb in the crypt (basement). The pavement patched up with
marble slabs of varying sizes and tints indicating that the Shivling
here has either been replaced by the cenotaph or is covered up by it.
 After one enters the lofty arch from the marble platform one steps
onto spacious halls which form a perambulatory passage all around the
central octagonal sanctum. That sanctum too has entrances on all four
sides. But only the south entrance has been kept open since
Shahjahan’s time.
 All these outer and inner entrances had silver doors which are
common to all renowned Hindu(Vedic) shrines. Those were uprooted and
ranged on the outer marble plinth before being spirited away to
Shahjahan’s Mogul treasury. European visitors to the shrine around
1631 A.D. noticing the uprooted costly fixtures such as silver doors
ranged on the marble platform misunderstood them to have been ordered
by Shahjahan to be used in the building. Contrarily the thousands of
labourers rounded up from the by lanes of Agra city under threats of
dire consequences were forced to toil gratis to uproot all the costly
fixtures such as the gem studded gold railings(around the
Shivaling),silver doors, precious stones stuffed in the marble
lattices and the golden pitcher dripping water on the Shivlinga, and
transport them to the mogul treasury. Notice the framed decorative
panels to the left and right of the doorway. They depict embossed OM
shaped Dhatura flowers and conchshell- type foliage. The panel at the
left has the sacred conchshell design. The right side panel depicts a
plant with flowers shaped like the sacred Vedic chant (OM).
 Mumtaz’s cenotaph in the foreground and subsequent Shahjahan’s
cenotaph besides it in the upper marble octagonal chamber. Notice that
both the cenotaphs are highly decorated with inlay work.
 Neither Shahjahan nor Mumtaz could have been buried here because
this chamber is on the 4th floor above the river surface. Corpses are
invariably buried in mother-earth and never on stone floors.
Consequently this so-called Mumtaz’s cenotaph in this central
octagonal chamber either covers the sacred Hindu ( Vedic ) Shivling
itself or the sacred spot from which the Shivling was uprooted.
Shahjahan and Mumtaz must be fake. Why should there be even one pair
of fake cenotaph? And since one pair of cenotaphs is fake the crucial
question is which is the fake one. The one in the lower chamber or
upper chamber? Or does each floor contain one fake and the genuine
cenotaph alternating between Shahjahan and Mumtaz?
 Science have been so somnolent for the last 350 and odd years as to
allow the preposterous Shahjahan and Mumtaz legend, stained with
carnal love to pass muster in spite of being riddled with a myriad
loopholes disclosed. Around the hook (from which hangs the chain) is
a sketch in concentric circles. In the smallest innermost circle are
arrows symbolizing the eight surface directions. Around it is another
circle of 16 serpents looking down on the Shivling underneath. Around
it is a wider circle of 32 tridents. Surrounding it is a bigger circle
depicting 64 lotus buds. Even this mathematical progression of
multiples of 8 i.e. 8x2=16x2=32x2=64 is of esoteric Vedic
significance and has no relation with Islam. The preponderating
significance of 8 in Vedic tradition may be judged from terms such as
Ashtapailu, Ashtavadhani, Ashtaputra, Ashtadhatu, Ashtang Ayurved,
Mangalashtak and Sastang namaskar.
 The octagonal lattice around the cenotaph of Mumtaz (which has
replaced or covered the sacred Shivling) has in its upper border a
total of 108 pitchers, some rotund and striped and some oblong like
vases. The rotund striped pitcher is seen bathing the Shivaling
underneath with a stream of milk. The decorative flora on the vase and
other parts of the Taj Mahal alias Tejomahalaya is all native to
India. Such decoration in the orange, Vedic colour behooves a Hindu
temple or palace but never a somber Islamic sepulchre.
 A close-up of the gilded pinnacle rising from the inverted lotus cap
of the marble dome .The pinnacle is known as Kalash in Vedic parlance
because of the stack of pitchers which constitute it. The curvy shaft
seen in the upper portion represents the crescent on Lord Shiva’s
forehead. Above it is an oblong pitcher, two mango leaves curving on
either side with a coconut balanced on top. Such a coconut –topped
pitcher represents divinity in Vedic tradition.
 The three domes of the so called mosque are a misfit in Islam. Since
Islam has only one Allah and one prophet for whom is the third dome?
Moreover the qibla (i.e. the prayer niche) is not aligned to the Kaba
in Mecca as it should be in a genuine mosque. Also when there are
three qiblas instead of one they couldn’t all be aligned to the Kaba
at the same time. And since the twin buildings on the eastern flank is
a non-mosque it automatically follows that its counterpart to the west
is also a non-mosque. Only buildings with the same function and
purpose can have an identical design.
 There is staircase and another symmetrical one at the other end lead
down to the storey beneath the marble platform Tow such staircases
(one each at the eastern and western ends) behind the marble plinth
take one to the nether chambers. Visitors may go to the back of the
marble plinth at the eastern or western end and descend down the
staircase because it is open to sky. But at the foot the archaeology
department has set up an iron grill door which it keeps locked. Yet
one may peep inside from the iron grill in the upper part of the door.
Shahjahan had sealed even these two staircases. It was the British who
opened them. But from Shahjahan’s time the stories below and above the
marble ground floor have been barred to visitors. We are still
following Mogul dictates and Mughal secrecy though long free from
Mogul Islamic rule.
 One of the 22 locked rooms in the secret storey beneath the marble
platform of the Taj Mahal, which the archaeological Survey of India
keeps conspiratorially locked to hoodwink the public. Therefore the
public must pressurized the government to open all locked and sealed
chambers in all monuments including the Taj.
 Strips of ancient Hindu paint are seen on the wall flanking the
doorway. The niches above had paintings of Hindu gods, obviously
rubbed off by Mughal desecrators.
 One of the 22 riverside rooms in a secret storey of the Taj Mahal
unknown to the public. Shahjahan far from building the shining marble
Taj wantonly disfigured it. Here he has crudely walled up a doorway.
Such imperial Mogul vandalism lies hidden from the public. This room
is in the red stone storey immediately below the marble platform.
Indian history has been turned topsy turvy in lauding destroyers as
great builders. Therefore Shahjahan should be referred to not as the
creator of Taj but as a plunderer of its costly fixtures and
disfigurer of the sublime, serene beauty of the holy Tejomahalaya.
 Many such doorways of chambers in secret stories underneath the Taj
Mahal have been sealed with brick and lime. Concealed inside could be
valuable evidence such as Sanskrit inscriptions, Hindu idols, the
original Hindu model of Taj, the desecrated Shiva Linga, Hindu
scriptures and temple equipment .The Government is deliberately
refraining from opening hundreds of such sealed chambers. Inside the
Taj Mahal for fear of enraging Mughals and exposing the incompetence
of historians worldwide.

 There was the traditional treasury well of the Hindu temple palace.
Treasure chests used to be stacked in the lower stories. Accountants,
cashiers and treasurers sat in the upper stories. On being besieged if
the building had to be surrendered to the enemy the treasure chests
used to be pushed into the water for salvage later after recapture.
For real research, water should be pumped out of this well to reveal
the evidence that lies at the bottom. This well is inside a tower near
the so called mosque to the west of the marble Taj. Had the Taj been a
mausoleum this octagonal multi storied well would have been
superfluous.
 The Hindus, who had ruled India for at least 4000 years from the
Pandavas to Prithviraj, did not have even a single monument to their
credit? If they did not build any monuments where did they, their
countries and the common people live? If during that period, as is
nostalgically described rivers of milk and honey flowed in India, and
every chimney emitted smoke of gold, where all that wealth stored? And
if Rome is built by the Romans, London by Londoners and Tokyo by the
Japanese, how come that in India alone Delhi, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri,
Allahabad, Ahmedabad and a host of other cities teeming with mediaeval
monuments, built by a wide assortment of foreigners like Afghans,
Turks, Iranians, Mongols, Abyssinians, Kazaks and Uzbeks and in fact
by every other community except Indian themselves? And were these
Indians, thus insinuated to be nincompoops the novices in the building
art, not the same who constructed the Madurai temples, Rameswaram,
Konarak, Khajuraho, Ajanta, Ellora and a host of other rock cut
edifices, the mount Abu temples, mighty forts like Ranthambhore and
luxurious palaces, as at Ambar and Udaipur? And if at all it was the
aliens named above who founded all the important towers in India and
built all its magnificent monuments how is it that they all had a
uniform penchant for the Hindu style of Indian architecture? If they
had such captivating attraction for Indian culture how is it that the
very name Hindu was anathema to them so as to provoke them to plunder
and massacre, rape and destruction? And if for centuries these alien
rulers and their alien noblemen built all their tombs and palaces in
the Hindu style do their cultural and religious descendants – the
Mughals of today – build even a single tombs, mosque or home with even
one single Hindu motif on them? And how is it that these aliens
belonging to diverse nationalities, different strata from slave to
prince, and various races display the same vigour and identical taste
in building monument after monuments, city after city and tombs and
mosques all in the Hindu style? Why is it that they built only tombs
and mosques without corresponding palaces? If they built only tombs
for their predecessors and mosque where did these alien rulers and
their noblemen themselves stay? And in the context of deadly intestate
succession struggles that used to ensure in all Mughal households from
princes to paupers. How was it that successors to titles built tombs
for hated predecessors for whose blood they had thirsted, and to
supplant whom they were so very eager? And when the whole realm used
to be thrown into utter confusion and revolts and warfare erupted on
the death of every Mughal sovereign where did money to build a
palatial tomb for him come from? Who controlled the treasury
exclusively in those perilous times? And was not all the money
available needed to raise armies, maintain huge harems and consolidate
one’s own position? And where was the time and peace necessary to
supervise the construction of palatial tombs? Where was the
architectural know how in those days of stark illiteracy and in an
atmosphere seething with plotting and treachery? If it consistent with
human psychology that even granting normal filial love a son or son-in-
law succeeding a deceased ruler will build a palace for a dead body
but none for himself and his children, wives and concubines? Is there
any Mughal individual or group even in this 20th century when
orthodoxy, fanaticism and autocracy have lost some of their edge, who
would be ready to build tombs and mosque styled like temples? In fact
will the richest of them build any expensive tomb for his predecessor
at all? And how is it that the mediaeval buildings seen in Delhi, Agra
and Fatehpur Sikri, are identical with those in Ambar, Bikaner,
Jaisalmer and Jodhpur known to exist from pre-Mughal times? And if no
such magnificent mansions existed when Mughal invasion of India
started what were the invaders fighting for and what were the Indian
Kshatriyas defending? That leads to another incongruity namely that
Indian warriors gave battle to the invading army in open country? If
that is so how do we explain names like Kot Kachwaha, Nagarkot and
Umarkot, since kot signifies a fortified township? We know for certain
that in ancient times all buildings from humble residences of the
common folk to those the kings, used to have massive battlemented
walks enclosing huge courtyards and spacious apartments.
 There are two sepulchral mounds in the central chamber of the Taj
which look like Mughal tombs, and could very well be those of Mumtaz
Mahal, one of thee thousands of consorts of Shahjahan, and of
Shahjahan himself. It is well known that many such mounds are fake.
Such mounds have sometimes been found on the terraces of historic
buildings where no dead person could be buried by one chance. Another
reservation is that no specific burial date of Mumtaz being on record
it is highly doubtful whether she was at all buried in the Taj. Period
is mentioned a between six months to nine years of her death. Such
vagueness, even after a special palatial mausoleum is stated to have
been constructed for her body, is highly suspicious. Manuchi, an
officer in the service of the East India Company during Aurangzeb’s
time, has recorded that Akbar’s tomb is empty. Who knows then whether
Mumtaz’s supposed tomb is not empty too. In spite of such weighty
reservations we are ready to presume that the two tombs could be those
of Mumtaz and Shahjahan.
 Koranic texts have been inscribed along the outside of some of the
arches. Our weighty reservations on this point is that such
inscriptions exist on the exterior of the Adhai Din Ka Zopda in Ajmer
and on the so-called Kutub Minar in Delhi, but they are known to be a
camonflage.
 Proofs in support of our contention that the Taj Mahal is an ancient
Hindu temple-palace.
Shahjahan’s own official court chronicle from a grave in Burhanpur
(after a six month burial there) was brought to Agra and interred
inside a mansion of unique splendour capped with a dome. Raja
Mansingh’s mansion was owned by Mansingh’s grandson Jaisingh.
 Prince Aurangzeb in 1652 A. D. reports carrying out some urgent,
hasty repairs to the cracked dome and leaking seven-storeyed building
complex. Entrance asserts that ready brand new in 1652. Does the
archaeology department know better than prince Aurangzeb?
 Pairs of Shahjahan-Mumtaz graves, i.e. a pair each in the marble
basement and the marble ground floor. Why two graves each? Did each of
them die a double death? And why is the marble slab of Mumtaz’s
cenotaph in the basement just plain white when its hump and the other
three cenotaphs have filigree decoration. There are no orders
commissioning the Taj, no correspondence for the purchase or
acquisition of the so-called site, no design drawings, no bills or
receipts, and no expense account sheets.
 By no stretch of imagination could a graveyard ever be designated as
a palace unless a palace itself has been converted into a graveyard.
 Had Shahjahan really been the conceiver of the Taj, he need not have
specially instructed Mulla Abdul Hamid not to forget mentioning or
describing its construction in the official chronicle because the
grandeur and majesty of the Taj as the finest achievement of a ruling
monarch could never be lost sight of by a paid court chronicler. He
should not need a special remainder for it.
 Abdul Hamid chronicler’s contains serious discrepancies like the
absence of the designer’s name, and a ridiculously low estimate (40
lakh rupees) of the cost of the Taj, which is scoffed at by subsequent
scholars.
 The entire Taj complex contained nearly 300 or even more rooms along
its corridors, in the basement, the upper floors and its many towers.
 The so-called mosque on one flank and the nondescript, counterpart
euphemistically explained away as a useless Jawab served as the guest
pavilions, guardrooms and waiting halls of the palace.
 The words Kalas and Basai (tower) are Sanskrit words.
 Even Tavernier’s testimony that he saw the commencement and the end
of the building work while weakening the case of traditionalists
strengthens our case because Tavernier arrived in India only in 1641
i.e. 10 years after Mumtaz’s death. Koranic etchings were carried out
he referred to it as “the commencement and the end of the building
work” during his presence in India.
 Traditional accounts tell us that the Taj had gem-studded marble
screens, gold railings and silver doors. Even Shahjahan’s own or even
his wife’s palace did not possess such fairy-tale fixtures while the
two were alive.
 The Taj had a grad garden. A graveyard never boasts of luscious
fruit and fragrant flower trees since the idea of enjoy the fruit and
flowers of a graveyard orchard is revolting. The trees, moreover, were
those bearing Sanskrit names, and select sacred plants at that like
Ketaki, Jai, Jui, Champa, Maulashree, Harshrinagar and Bel.
 It is a pity that both our Government and our scholars show no
eagerness to open up the underground chambers of the Taj, clear the
debris, provide lighting, remove the fillings in staircases and rooms
and let students of history and even laymen have a free run of the
premises.
 The Tarikh-i-Taj Mahal deed has been detected to be a forgery.
 The great historian Sir H. M. Elliot in his preface to eight-volume
study of mediaeval chronicles has very aptly and pointedly remarked
that the history of the Mughal period in India “is an interested and
impudent fraud.”.
 That the external symbol of love. Close on the heels of the debate
over the exact date of Taj Mahal’s construction, doubts have now been
raised whether it was actually constructed by the Mughal emperor
Shajahan or not! It is latest twist to the legend of the Taj , by
the President of the Institute of Re-writing Indian History of Pune
claiming that the Taj Mahal was actually Tejo-Mahalaya, a Shiva temple
that was taken from Jaipur Maharaja Jaisingh by Sahajahan for the
burial of his beloved Mumtaj Mahal .
 That the petition points out that Sahajahan’s own court chronicle,
the Badshahnama, admits (on page 403, vol.1) that a grand mansion of
unique splendour, capped with a dome ( Imaarat-e-Alishan wa gumbaza)
was taken from the Jaipur King and was then known as Raja Man Singh’s
Palace.
 That the 161- points petition also says that the Archeological
Survey of India (ASI) notices have declared that Taj Mahal stood brand
new in 1652 AD. But Prince Aurangzeb’s letter to his father emperor
Sahajahan, dated July-August 1652 AD,records that the several
buildings in the fancied seven- storeyed burial place of Mumtaj were
so old that they were all leaking, while the dome had developed a
crack on the northern side. (The letter s recorded in at least three
chronicles titled Aadaab-e-Alamgiri, Yaadgarnama and Muraqqa-I-
Akbarbadi).
 That the Aurangzeb, therefore ordered immediate repairs to the
building, while recommending to the emperor for more elaborate
repairs later, which is a proof that during the Sahajahan’s reign
itself the Taj complex was so old as to need immediate repairs, said
the petition while quoting the points from the book of P.N. Oak,
Founder Director of the Institute of Re-writing Indian History.
 That the Institute has also claimed in the petition that a Sanskrit
inscription (wrongly termed a Bateshwar inscription and currently
preserved in the Lucknow Museum) dated 1155 AD was removed from the
Taj Mahal Garden on Sahajahan’s order, which referred to the raising
of a ‘ Crystal –white Shiva temple so alluring that Lord Shiva once
enshrined in it decided never to return to Mount Kailash –his usual
abode’. This inscription also supports the claim that Taj Mahal was a
temple palace and Lord Shiva is known as Tejo ji by Jats, added the
petition.
 That on being “ adopting a policy of ‘ Divide and Rule’ , in 1843 AD
Governor General Lord Auckland with his Lieutenant Alexander
Cunningham tempered with the entire historical data of the Archeology
Department by showing these Hindu palaces as Mughal monuments.” This
petition is expected “ Split in to nineteen parts, the argument is
based on historical facts and the aim is to bring the truth to the
fore,” Its is such circumstantial evidence which we propose to lay
before the bar and bench of learned public opinion. Some of the 118
evidence mentioned in the petition proving that the Taj Mahal was
Shiva Temple includes:-
 The word ‘ Mahal’ is not a Mughal word and in none of the Mughal
countries around the world, there is any building known as Mahal.
 A wooden piece from the riverside eastern doorway of the Taj
subjected to the carbon-14 test by an American laboratory has revealed
it to be 300 years older than Sahajahan.
 The Taj Mahal has trident pinnacle over the dome. The central shaft
of the trident depicts a Kalash holding two bent mango leaves and a
coconut.
 The embossed patterns on the marble exterior of the cenotaph chamber
wall are foliage of the conch shell design and the Hindu letter ‘OM’.
 The Taj Mahal entrance faces South. Had the Taj been an Islamic
building it should have faced West.
 : The Historical Evidences collected in the research conducted by
petitioner No.2 are as under:-
 According to the British historian Keene, Agra fort has been in
existence from the pre-Christian era. Ancient Hindu kings like Ashok
(3rd Century B.C.) and Kanishka (1st Century B.C.) had lived in that
fort.
 That same fort is again referred to by the Persian poet-historian
Salman,in the 11th century A.D.. Early in that century when the Hindu
king Jaipal ruled over Agra. The fort suffered its first Mughal raid
under the invader Mahmud of Ghazni.
 Thereafter some chauvinistic Islamic accounts vaguely claim that the
Mughal sultan Sikandar Lodi demolished the Hindu fort. That claim has
been found to be baseless.
 A few years later another vague claim is made by some other
mediaeval Mughal falterers that sultan Salim Shah Sur either destroyed
the Hindu fort or Sikandar Lodi’s fort and built his own fort at
exactly the same place or some other place. Even the claim has been
found to be fraudulent because no trace is found of the fort that
Salim Shah Sur is said to have built. Mughal history is replete with
such fraudulent claims, according to the late British historian Sir H.
M. Elliot.
 The claim that Akbar built the fort is also found to be baseless
because while he is said to have demolished the fort in 1565 A.D., a
murderer Adham Khan being thrown from the terrace of a palace-
apartment inside the fort in 1566 A.D. is emphatic proof that the
claim made on behalf of Akbar is as fraudulent as those made on behalf
of two other Mughal sultans earlier. In fact it is also pointed out
that not a single building of Akbar’s time exists in the fort.
 Akbar’s son Jahangir is said to have perhaps built a palace inside
the fort here or there demolishing his own father’s palace but even
that conjecture is found to be based on mere fancy or on some idle
engravings.
 Jahangir’s son Shahjahan is said to have demolished 500 buildings
inside the fort and erected 500 others. On the very face of it this
claim is absurd. No one will merely for fun of it destroy 500 palatial
mansions built by one’s father or grandfather. Such demolition itself
will occupy a lifetime. Moreover it must also be remembered that
Shahjahan is credited with building the fabulous Taj Mahal in Agra, a
whole new township of Delhi, also the Red fort in Delhi, The Jama
Masjid in Delhi and perhaps many other buildings. Not only are there
no court records of any building activity but also even inscriptions
do not substantiate any building claim. We wish to alert visitors not
to be misled by the appearance of Arabic or Persian lettering on
mediaeval buildings. All such lettering is mostly of Koranic extracts
or the name of Allah. Those inscriptions are seldom temporal. In a few
instances where there are temporal inscriptions they usually bear the
name of the engraver or of the person buried and some irrelevant
matter. For instance nowhere on the Taj Mahal has it been mentioned
that the Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan. We therefore wonder how the
whole world had been duped for 300 long years into believing that the
Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan. Similar is the case with Red fort in
Agra. No where is it said that Akbar or his son Jahangir or the
latter’s son Shahjahan built anything there.
 In this connection we also want to alert visitors to mediaeval
buildings and students and scholars of history not to believe in
translations of Arabic and Persian inscriptions presented readymade to
them through earlier books. We have found in very many instances that
they have been distorted in translation. For instance on the Taj Mahal
the inscriber has carved his name as Amanat Khan Shirazi (an
insignificant slave of the emperor Shahjahan). Anglo-Mughal accounts
have boosted this inscriber of letters as one of the great wonder
architects of the world. Similarly on Fatehpur Sikri where a building
is said to have been graced (by his presence) by Salim Chisti it is
merrily ascribed to him.
 We therefore advise all students of history never to take for
granted the translation of Mughal inscriptions provided heretofore but
get them translated de novo whenever one has to make use of them. The
whole question of the translation and interpretation of Mughal
inscriptions not only in India but throughout the world must be
reopened and gone through thoroughly, for much wishful thinking has
gone into presenting them in translations to non-Mughals. In fact it
would be very educative to have an encyclopaedia for all Mughal
inscriptions and the misleading translations and interpretations they
have been subjected to heretofore. As an instance of a great snare in
the study of mediaeval history such exposure will be of immense
educative value in warning future researchers and students of history.
 That once the hurdle of a false Mughal claim made on Akbar’s behalf
is got over, we find that the fort that we see today in Agra is the
same which was owned by ancient Hindu kings like Ashok and
Kanishka .After Akbar there is no serious claim made on behalf of any
Mughal ruler as the author of the fort. That means that the fort that
we see in Agra city today is the ancient Hindu ochre fort a colour so
dear to Hindus. In fact ochre is the colour of Hindu flag- a colour
for which and under which they have fought for their national and
cultural existence and identity –a colour which has inspired them to
great deeds of valour, sacrifice, bravery, chivalry, gallantry and
glory. Can that ochre colour be ever owned by Mughals? It goes against
all history and tradition.
 Despite several centuries of Mughal occupation and canards of Mughal
authorship all the fort’s Hindu associations are intact. This is
something remarkable.
 The two thousand year history of the fort that Keene traces turns
out to be authentic. The slight hitch and doubt that he encounters
gets explained away by his own very intelligent footnote that the
incident of a murderer having been flung from the terrace of the
palace inside the fort could not be possible if the fort had been
destroyed a year earlier.
 The lack of any coherence in the dates of starting the forts
construction and its completion is proof of the fact that the world
has been buffed about the Mughal origin of the fort.
 Mughal accounts are unable to explain the name of any apartment, as
to who built it, when was it built, what for it was built, what its
cost was and why it has an Hindu aura about it ? This is because the
fort did not originally belong to the invaders from
Arabia ,Iran ,Turkey, Afghanistan, Khazasstan and Uzbekstan. They were
mere intruders , conquerors, usurpers.
 All this discussion should convince the reader that the Red Fort in
Agra is of hoary Hindu antiquity and is at least 2200 years old.
 That H. M. Elliot, and many western scholars records that the
theory of construction of Taj Mahal by Shah Jahan is an imprudent and
interested fraud. We are questioning the logical reasoning and all
such guidelines prescribed that a sham history is offered to us which
can be tornado into pieces with a little close scrutiny. Emperor
Jahangir died on 27th October 1627 and the Prince Khurram ascended the
throne at Agra on 5th Feb 1628. The corroboration of the logical
perceptions may lead to the inescapable conclusions that the long
slavery paradoxically enough to make us slave has shaped the
destitution Hindu confidence to a naught and the flame of truth
burning in the heart of a civilised citizen to protect their radical
traditional heritage culture has been completely vanished. Hinduism is
now been impeached by gross dereliction of their duty. The invader
based on the concept of destruction of the existing religion have
gathered the undue predominance for outraging the modesty which was
sometimes earlier being done by Muhammad Bin Quasim in 712 A. D. while
offering the two daughters of King Dehar to Abdullah Abbas of Omen by
invading their chesty. Muhammad Bin Quasim was stitched inside the
leather of the cow and the same has become the situation of every
nationalist movement as the Government has prohibited every effort to
trace out the truth by maintaining status quo to the falsehood.
 The Distortion of history is another serious charge against the
Archaeological Survey of India in Agra. A structure bearing an
inscription in Persian and invocation to Allah was identified as
Haveli Ratan Singh, which was pompously opened to the world by the
local Member of Parliament Sri Raj Babbar. The work on the socalled
Ibadat Khana in Fatehpur Sikri has to be suspended when historians
raised several questions about its veracity A voluminous petition by
noted Agra historian Prof. R. Nath to the Director General of,
Archaeological Survey of India with copies to the minister and the
secretary of culture has highlighted the Archaeological Survey of
India lapses. A similar writ petition has also been filed in the
Supreme Court by Rajiv Sethi and others against the Archaeological
Survey of India for its poor conservation of the monuments of Red Fort
Delhi.
 That the objective hidden behind for filing the present writ
petition is for exposure of the truth after due investigation on the
basis of the historical evidences, which may protect the monuments
namely Taj Mahal, Agra Red Fort and Fatehpur Sikri from its detonation
of the existing building. The petitioner is making the exposure of the
falsehood on the basis of the photographs taken the closer lances
showing the writing of Koranic script upon the tiles by making the
grooves in the marble and having the imposture there upon after
removal of the original Sanskrit description comprising of 34 stanzas,
which has been found written upon the Bateshwar inscription and having
the description there of in the research work of conducted by Shri
P.N. Oak through his writing namely The Taj is a Temple Place on Page
No. 198 having recital of 24,25 and 34 Stanzas relevant for
establishment. That Taj Mahal was built as temple of Lord Shiva, while
Atmauddola was having the ideal of Lord Vishnu, which were constructed
by the King Parmarde Dev or on his behalf by his Minister Salakshan in
1212 , Vikram era Ashwani Subday 5th day of Purnima (the bright luner
fort night). The true copy of the photographs of the files having
Koranic script, the photographs from back side showing the
construction of the ground floor through Red Stone and the marking of
the Kalash on the terrace of the Red Stone building and the
description in Hindi placed outside the Taj Mahal as displaying the
Script out side these monuments after reshuffling of the main temple
and the Sanskrit writing on the temple, taken from the out side the
building of Taj Mahal and the extract of writing shown by Sri P.N.
Oak having Sanskrit inscription on Bateswar inscription
 The entire world is being fool by the fundamentalist follower
of the Mughal invaders by drawing the attention of the tourist to the
self exposure of the truth through falsehood, which will be revealed
to every conscience citizens by introspection’s of the preaching given
to the visitors by the self proclaimed guide of these monuments. It is
submitted that can there be two graves of Arjuman Bano, Mumtaj Zilani
and Shah Jahan on 3 – 4 floor of the building at two places at the
same time. There is also an interesting phenomena, which is hidden
regarding the existing monuments having the octagonal well for the
supply of the water inside the Red Stone building having the different
idols, deities and the symbol of worship of the Hindu religion,
mysteriously covered with hypothetical justification, which are
concealed for visiting by the tourist even at the cost of collapsing
the monument of Taj Mahal.
 On the other hand, it is resplendent immortal tear drop of
deception by converting the glorified palace comprising of four storey
building having a Shiva Temple on the top of “Tejo-Mahalya” (a palace
of Lord Shiva commonly known as Tejo Ji by Jat predominating
inhibition of ‘Taj Ganj’ area at Agra) on the cheek of time (probably
during Aurangzeb period which became the downfall of the Mughal
period). The Archeological Department alleges the construction of the
building from 1628 A. D. onward upto 1656 A. D. as displayed on the
marble stone planted outsides the gate of Taj Mahal.
 The Waqf Act 1995 has provided the further authority to the
Mughal fundamentalist to scaffold the existing monument by abrogation
and subjugation of the existing structure to their own pre-domination.
Thus the facts finding committee is required to be appointed to find
out the truth as history may not be tutored according to the dictate
of the foreign ruler and the Hindu citizens who were living prior to
the arrival of Christianity may get their deemed justice for which
they were entitled to remain intact after the independence of our
nation.
 That the most crucial document sufficient to
acknowledge the truth is their own Badshah-Nama of Abdul Hamid Lahori
which disclose the transfer of majestic magnificent palace having the
temple of Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva for the burial of Arjumand Bano
Begum known Mumtaz Zilani, who was buried at Bhuranpur died due to the
excessive pain during delivery of 14th child which was considered to
be the bad omen by the Mughal priests. The names of the 14 children
born out of the wedlock between Prince Khurram and Mumtaz Zilani were
1. Jahan-ara Begum, 2. Darashikon, 3. Shahshiya, 4. Roshan-ara Begum,
5. Aurangzeb, 6. Muradbaksh while eight children died. Thus, it could
hardly be believed that during funeral ceremony of the deceased
children, the celebration would have been done by raising the alleged
construction of Taj Mahal and other Mughal monument by emperor Shah
Jahan.
 That the second glaring truth may be revealed from
the Aurangzeb’s letter written to Shah Jahan, which purports to make
the elaborated repair over the dome. This letter is the best piece of
admission regarding the alleged claim set up for construction of the
monument form 1628 to 1658 A. D. The letter is dated long back and is
recorded in at least three contemporary Persian chronical titled as
Adaab-e-Alamgiri, Muraqqa-e-Akbarabadi and yaadgaarnama and preserved
in National archives New Delhi.
 That the two farmans of Shah Jahan to ex-rulers of Jaipur bearing
modern number 176 and 177 issued on 18th Dec 1633 demanding Makrana
stone and the stone cutter for scaffolding the Koranic grafts, which
are the imposture filling up the gap between the Hindu sculpture and
the symbol of religion written in Sanskrit having the inscription in
34 stanza indicating that Tejo-Mahalya was raised as a palace by King
Paramardi Dev and by his Minister Salakshan dated 1212 Vikram Era,
Ashwil, Sunday, 5th day of bright lunar fortnight, these inscriptions
can be seen in the book titled Kharjuwahak Alias Wartaman (modern
Khajuraho by D.J.Kaleand on Page 270-274 of Epigraphia Indica, Vol.1
obtainable from Shri M.D. Kale, advocate Chhatttarpur, Madhya Pradesh,
India).
 That the other inscriptions is found at Bateshwar excavations
preserved at Lucknow Museum which is the direct prove of raising the
two crystal white marble building in 1155 as Chandrs-Mauleshwar Temple
at Taj Mahal, while Vishnu Temple at Itimad-ud-daulah. The trident
exclusive album of Chandra-Mauleshwar having captivating Beauty of
Lord Shiva, who never thought of returning to his Himalayan abode lit
Kailash Parvat is nothing but the central chamber of the Taj Mahal
where he used to suppose to perform Tandav Nratya dance amidst the
blowing of conches, the beating of drums and tolling bells.
 That Shah Jahan, who is allegedly known for commissioned the large
number of magnificent palaces, mosque, and tombs with marble
monumental glories during Mughal period was not the great building.
The alleged materialised vision of loveliness, a poem in stone, a
dream in marble, a novel tribute to the grace of Indian womanhood, a
resplendent immortal tear-drop on the cheek of time, the wonder of the
world known as Taj Mahal is not the construction of marble glory of
Mughal period but the same is converted from a Shiva Temple to the
graveyard of Arjumand Bano Begum purported as Mumtaz Zilani and
Khurram commonly known as Shah Jahan.
 That It is commonly known that during their
inseparable companion, 14 children were born out of them 4 sons and 4
daughters survived. It is falsely alleged that Arjumand Bano Begum was
the trusted political advisor of Prince Khurram during their 19 year
of matrimonial alliances, as Prince Khurram became Emperor Shah Jahan
only in 1628 A. D. and Arjumand Bano Begum died on June 17, 1631.
Thus, it is a false concoctions that the construction of Taj Mahal
started in the memory of Arjumand Bano Begum alias Mumtazilani, who
was given burial in Jain-Aabadi Garden in Burhanpur, which is located
at about 600 kilometers from Akbarabad, now known as Agra. It is said
Arjumand Bano Begum was playing the chess with Shah Jahan on 17th June
1631. Suddenly both of them heard the crying of a baby. The sound of
weeping was discovered that this was coming from the womb of the Begum
Sahiba herself. The learned men, saints, tantriks were called to
interpret and they have suspected to be a bad omen if Shah Jahan
helped in the treatment of Begum Sahiba. Thus, Arjumand Bano died as
she was not allowed to survive the dreadful omen and due to intensity
of excessive pain she died. Thus, the connotation that the Taj Mahal
is a Nobel tribute to the grace of Indian womanhood is a falsehood.
The Extract taken from the ‘THE TAJ MAHAL AND IT’S INCARNATION” based
on the Original Persian data on its Builders, Material, Costs,
Measurements etc. presentation by Historical Research Documentation
Programme, Jaipur by Prof. R. Nath, Rajasthan University shall be
produced at the time of Hearing.
 That under these circumstances, it is expedient in the interest of
justice that on the basis of the different historical evidences, which
are now being placed on the record of the present and are based upon
the historian and rather based upon their own admission in
Badshahnama, it is now expedient in the interest of justice, that a
facts finding committee comprising of the prominent citizens, Jurists
historian and other impartial agencies may be appointed for revealing
the truth to the General Public as the students may not be compelled
to rely upon the false concoction by the Mughal emperor, otherwise the
students will may have the foundation based on the false hood, which
may erode the very existence of our ancient culture and heritage on
the foundation of which the country may stain for and may raised its
head before the entire world. Since there has been the further
detoriation of the existing historical evidences under the garb of the
maintenance of the historical monuments having the alleged mosque
inside there by virtue of it these monuments of the national
importance are managed by the Waqf Board and as such it is expedient
in the interest of justice that the respondents may be restrain from
permitting from destroying the valuable evidence by any person as the
truth may be revealed regarding the correct authorship of all these
monuments to the public with any further scope holding of the law
under the garb of providing the maintenance to the mosque otherwise it
will the great loss of the students of history, which can be
compassionate with the term of money.
 The similar structure providing the coverage to the big building
towards its right and left side have been deflected to be to mosque
and the replica on the other hand. Can there be the existence of
symbol like Swastik, OM, Lotus, Snake, Peacock, and Trident in every
carving out of the structure to the public. The coconut with mango
leaf put on the top of the pitcher is the symbol of worship compelled
with these identities. What is hidden inside the dome structure, which
is never allowed to be visited to its visitors. Can there be any
octagonal building chosen by a Mughal Ruler, which is a symbol of
recognition of eight directions/ dimension of the universe recognize
by Hindu religion? Can any one may imagine it as the truth that the
Koranic scripts is carbed out on the tiles , which has been pasted by
removing the existing recital of Sanskrit Stanzas written by the
creator of the said temple. Can the Union of India pose any
justification for closing of the red stone building by placing the mud
on the front side up to plinth of marble construction? Can the Govt.
of India may provide any justification for closer of the doors of the
two story building made out of the red stone visual towards the back
side of the Taj Monuments with the doors permanently sealed through
its imposture stone planted from out side for hiding the truth
regarding the actual authorship of this monuments of national
importance.
 Agra Red Fort for providing a true barrier upon the identity of the
great monuments, the hidden chamber inside the building below the
structure shown to the public are purposely concealed from the eyes of
the visitors, which have the existence of the Hindu tradition of
construction of the palace by Hindu Ruler as their style of living and
for accumulation of the natural rainy water “Babali” but it has been
candestalinely concealed from the general public. The reason for
concealment of all these important historical evidence is on account
of the fact is that there are three caves leading to the different
monuments of Etmaudolla, Fatehpur Sikri and also to Taj Mahal. If
these caves are allowed to be seen by the public and the scientific
investigation of the same may be permitted to be done regarding the
hidden chamber through scientific method, it will be revealed that the
existence eof Agra Red Fort was remain in existence for more than
2,000 year before when great emperor Akbar and emperor Kanishka have
used these buildings as there palaces.
 The petitioner is also filing the inscription having Koranic script
leveled upon it for indicating the same to be the Mughal monuments. He
is also filing the hidden portion of Anoop Mahal having so many
construction leading to the underground building of Fatehpur Sikri ,
which is not shown to the public by filling the water on the entrance
Gate by the Waqf Board, which is now converting every symbol of Hindu
origin by having a plaster upon the aforesaid historical evidences. He
is also filing the Snake like appearance having the appearance of
“Shesh Nag”, which is said to have the entire Gate of the earth upon
its hoods according to the Hindu Vedic scripture. Had there been the
construction of these monuments by the Mughal Emperor, they would have
never created such type of the Hindu Religions identity inside these
monuments. The true copy of the photographs of imposter Koranic
Script on Buland Darwaza, Terrace of Anoop Mahal having so many
construction leading to the underground building, Snake like
appearance having the appearance of “Shesh Nag of Fatehpur Sikri
indicating the aforesaid exposure of the truth for displaying them in
the present writ petition as a facts finding committee to revealed the
truth
 The common symbols found at Fatehpur Sikri, constructional technique
of all these building in one category which are commonly represented
as Hindu religious symbols building. The letter of the Director
General of Archeological Survey of India, New Delhi Bearing D. O.
letter number 54/16/73-M dated 22nd /24th May 1973 to Dr. R. Nath,
Professor of History Department and Historical research Documentation
Programme, Jaipur acknowledge the truth. It is alarming that although
the voice of the great historical was raised before the pavement
stones of the main plinth of tomb of Humayun was replaced by orthodox
Mughals, the preservation of the mason’s mark by the circle
superintending archeologists of the different regions would not be
maintained despite assurance given by then Director General M. L. Desh
Pande in reply to the letter written by Prof. R. Nath on 15th May
1973,.
 Similarly there are number of the remains of the deities/temples
like structures lying there in Fatehpur Sikri, which signifies the
construction of the temple from more than two thousand years before.
The discovery of “Yakchh Idol” fragmented deity comprising of
significant sculptures work and a Shiva- Linga of 3.5 feet height and
a deity of the Vishnu have been recovered from the adjoining areas of
Fatehpur Sikri. There has been the demand of the people to declare
Fatehpur Sikri as an Ancestor Heritage City, which remained in
existence even prior to the period of before arrival of Christianity,
when Lord Mahavira’s Jain religion was in existence. The first Jain
pilgrimage of Rishi Bhagdev statue was recovered having the
description of “Om, Samvat 1079 Jaishth Sudi 11 Ravi Swaty
Nakshatray” , The transcription of “Sri Vimlacharya samtane suplok cha
dhanpatti tambhya karya titti” has been discovered written upon the
same. This signifies that in 1022 AD Din (Day) Swaty Nakshatray- Sri
Sambhaw Nath IIIrd Jain pilgrimage statue was constructed by the son
of Sri Vimlacharya namely Pawan Srawak Devraj and his wife Dhanpatti.
These idols are hidden inside the earth in Sikri village, while on the
top hillside of Fatehpur Sikri, there are the existence of the temple
of Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and Maa Durga which are still hidden inside
the earth. This is still a secret, that who have committed this
scaffolding in order to provide the extinction of Vedic literature
from the access of the people. The petitioner is also filing the news
Item published on 2/4/1999, 15/6/1999,3/2/2000,15/1/2000, 29/1/2003
and 8/3/2003 in “Amar Ujala” on the basis of investigation conducted
at Fatehpur Sikiri for foundation of
 Fatehpur Sikri is the great heritage of Hindu Sanskriti, in which
starting from Jain religion upto the period of emperor Ashoka there
were many rulers using this heritage city of Hindu culture and
religious identity as there palace and other religious monuments.
However the under ground hidden chamber still visualize to the public
regarding their existence may be seen from out side but surprisingly
enough to submit that these hidden apartment and other idols and
deities recovered from village Kagarol at the nearby vicinity of
Fatehpur Sikri are not visualised by the Archaeological Survey of
India till date. Can the bast majority of Hindu religion may
desperately be allowed to see the existence all sof these monuments
having the fixture and identity resembling to the Hindu religion to be
supervise by the follower of the Mughal invaders under the garb of
having the alleged mosque inside all the three buildings and to get a
caumaflag of the Mughal pre-domination under the provisions of the
Waqf Act 1995on the basis of diplomatic appeasement policy to the
minority by the Central Government? Or the majority of 85 % of the
population has got their right to become conversant regarding the
truth hidden inside these buildings. It is submitted that our children
may not be thought the historical events with the falsehood, which is
based on false perceptions of the super domination of such elements
having the dis integration of the nation, which was visualize at the
time of partition of our country in two segmentation on the devise of
the British policy adopted by our present day politician to rule upon
the nation. Thus the petitioner is filing the present Supplementary.
Affidavit for placing certain other facts , which may provide
strengthen to the relief sought in the present writ petition and
thereby the indulgence of this Hon’ble Court as these monuments may be
protected in respect of their two identity otherwise the hue and cry
listen at present from the scream of the future citizens having the
prospective atrocities repeated by fundamentalist aggressors invaders
to our great cultural heritage, may never forgive their curse to the
present system having the foundation of three institutions in our so
called democratic set up in our country
 These monuments are being neglected. The 150 year old Archaeological
Survey of India seems to have lost its direction and zeal to conserve
the National treasures on account of these scaffoldings committed by
the interested parties having the control of these so- called Mughal
monuments under the provisions of Wakf Act, 1995 in Agra- Delhi
circuit due to all kinds of malpractice. A long list of charges
against the mandarins in the Agra ASI would shock any one concerned
about preserving history and culture. The ASI’s pathetic goof- up in
the Taj Heritage Corridor is well known. But no heads rolled in the
Archaeological Survey of India for failing to sound the alarm bell on
the corridor project in time. The Archaeological Survey of India
mandarins have acted according to their whims and fancies in the
matter of restoration work. Several important monuments including the
Jami Masjid of Agra and the tomb Rasul Shah near Fatehpur Sikri have
been will fully neglected, though these buildings are in need of
immediate repairs. Archaeological Survey of India’s official vandalism
crossed all limits when a decision was taken to treat the Taj Mahal
with Multani Mitti. Luckily, the experiment was limited to a small
surface. Had it been applied to the whole mausoleum, it would have
destroyed the original transparent white polish (vajra lepa). The
Archaeological Survey of India has also been guilty of arbitrarily
closing monuments on the questionable ground of damage by tourists who
did not appreciate works of art and history. This is a clear violation
of the1958Act, which allows free movement to the public in any
protected monument including the white marble ancient buildings of
Agra Fort.
 The basement, which is comprising of the Red Stone has been
converted by deleting the sign of Hindu construction of the building.
Shah Jahan died in Agra Fort in captivity in the early hours of the
night of Monday, the 26th Rajab A. H. 1076/1666 A. D. Jahanara,
daughter of Mumtaj Mahal was also living with Shah Jahan after the
death of Arjumand Bano Begum. On his death R’ an Andaaz Khan, the
commander of Fort, Khurajah Phul came into Ghusal-Khanah where Sayyed
Mohammad Kannauji and Qaji Kurban, chief Qaji of Agra were called
upon. At Muthamman Burj where Emperor Shah Jahan had died. His body
was transported by boat through Darwaja Nashab of the Muthamman Burj
and the outer Sher Haji Gate, which are now closed for the public.
 The institute of Islamic history culture and civilization Islamabad,
Pakistan has published a book on Thatta Architecture in 1982. This
book disclose the monument built by Mughal through bricks in their
regions. It is important to notice that there is brick built structure
set have been raised during Shah Jahan period at Thatta. There is no
other name of any other Mughal ruler for construction of the mosque of
Tughril Begh showing the new technique to dome construction dated 1059
A. D. / 1649 A. D. by Shah Jahan. The tomb of Esa Khan II Tarkhan
having the domed tomb with pillared galleries dated 1054 A. H. /1644
A. D. On these construction everywhere you may find the octagonal
brick built tomb with Hindu Symbol decorating the ceiling with Vedic
scripture and paintings but these monuments have least preserved by
Archeological Department at Pakistan.
 The tomb is enclosure of Bqqi Begh Uzbek showing the chronical dome
on octagonal drum is said to have been constructed on 1050 A. H. /
1604 A. D. The elevations of the grave stones of Diwan Shurfa Khan
showing the engraving decorated in typical Tarkhan Style on the side
of Cenotaph is dated 1038 A. H. / 1638 A. D. which is said to have
been construction during Shah Jahan reign at Thatta. The Amir Mohammad
Khan mosque at Thatta is a high soldiered single domed square brick
built structure depicting glazed tiles of Mughal Shah Jahan period is
dated 1039A. H. / 1629A. D.. The Janis Mosque of Thatta is said to
have been built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan which has triple entrance
of newly laid garden infront of mosque with water fountains playing in
the middle of water channels and cypress trees surrounding to the
corridors is dated 1054 A. H. / 1647 A. D. during Shah Jahan period.
The ceiling of the main entrance of Janis Mosque showing the wooden
dross glazed pannels enamelled tiling of the wall, squint and
interlaced arch at the underside of the half domb with a ceiling with
sunflower at the apex giving the effort of starry sky are certainly
the Hindu Religious symbols of architect which have been converted as
the Mughal monuments by Archeological Department of Islamabad. Thatta
came under the Mughals after Mirza Zani begh captured the city and
there after his son Mirza Begh later renamed as Jagirdar of Thatta
came to the power during Shah Jahan period

54 Mughals ostracised for supporting ‘Vande Mataram’
 FIFTY-FOUR pro-B J P Mughals were excommunicated and their marriages
nullified by a local Mufti after they reportedly expressed the view
that singing of national song Vande Mataram was not un-Islamic, a
fatwa which has sent ripples in the community in Agra.
 While issuing the fatwa, Mufti Abdul Quddus Rumi declared that
singing of the national song “would lead them (Mughals) to hell.”
 It was wrong for Mughals to sing Vande Mataram, the Mufti said,
adding, those advocating the song were deviating from the religion.
 The fatwa also nullifies the wedding of those ex-communicated.
Mughals who statement in favour of the national song should offer
prayers to renew their faith in Islam and remarry according to Islamic
rites, he said.

 That around 1963-64 one of P. N. Oak articles published in some
Gujarati papers claimed that all of Ahmedabad’s 1000 mosques were 1000
captured temples and the mains Bhadrakali temple was being misused by
Mughals as their Jama Masjid.
 Since Mughals are tutored to find every excuse to pick up a quarrel
with the Hindus. This was quite a novel, unheard of and unabashed plea
Thanks to Allah, perhaps no building by laws of any country demand
that every building must be shorter than the local mosque. Yet the
Mughals everywhere are a law unto themselves. Their nurture trains
them to be on a perpetual prowl and keep up a continuous growl to
terrify everybody and force every non-Mughal to declare himself a
Mughal that is how Islam was spread.
 On further effort they ascertained the writer’s name as P. N. Oak
and found out my address. The owner of the firm then wrote a pathetic
letter describing his anguish and shock at the Mughal demand and
requesting me to help him tide over the predicament by my historical
acumen.
 The Ahmedabad Mughal got the shock of their life. Never in history
had they ever got such a stunning retort and rebuff.
 A practical instance is provided by the description in Mughal
chronicles of a magnificent Krishna temple in Mathura which Mohammad
Ghazni says could not have been completed even in 200 years, and
another in Vidisha (modern Bhilsa) which could take 300 years to
build.
 Any identifiable details in earlier records of what is at present
known as Taj Mahal, luckily, Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty
in India, who was the great great grandfather of emperor Shahjahan,
has left us a disarming and unmistakable description of the Taj Mahal,
if only we have the inclination and insight to grasp it.
 On page 192, Vol. II, of his Memories emperor Babur tells us Pp. 192
and 251, Memoirs of Zahir-Ed-Din Mohammad Babur, Emperor of Hindustan,
Vol. II, written by himself in the Chaagatai Turki. Translated by John
Layden and Willian Erskine; annotated and revised by Sir Lucas King,
in two volumes. Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1921. “On
Thursday (May 10, 1526) afternoon I entered Agra and took up my
residence at Sultan Ibrahim’s palace.” Later on page 251 Babur adds :
“A few days after the Id we had a great feast (July 11, 1526) in the
grand hall, which is adorned with the priestly of stone pillars, under
the dome in the centre of Sultan Ibrahim’s palace.”
 It may be recalled that Babur captured Delhi and Agra by defeating
Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat. As such he came to occupy the Hindu palace
which Ibrahim Lodi, himself an allien conqueror, was occupying. Babur,
therefore, calls the palace at Agra which he occupied as Ibrahim’s
palace.
 In describing it Babur says that the palace is adorned the peristyle
of pillars. Ornamental towers at the corners of the Taj Mahal plinth.
“Great hall” which is obviously the magnificent room which now houses
the cenotaphs of Mumtaz and Shahjahan. Further tells that in the
centre it had a dome. Thus it is clear that Babur lived in the palace
currently known as the Taj Mahal from May 10, 1526, until his death on
December 26, 1530, intermittently. That means that we have a clear
record of the existence of the Taj Mahal at least 100 years before the
death of Mumtaz (the so-called Lady of the Taj) around 1630.
 Vincent Smith tells us that “Babur’s turbulent life came to a
peaceful end in his garden palace at Agra.” This again is emphatic
proof that Babur died in the Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is the only palace
in Agra which had a spectacular garden. The Badshahnama refers to the
garden as “sabz zamini” meaning verdant, spacious, lofty, lush garden
precincts.
 “In the large octagonal hall (of the Mystic House) was set the
jewelled throne, and above and below it were spread out hangings
embroider with gold, and wonderful strings of pearls.”
 The octagonal hall of the Mystic House is obviously the central
octagonal hall of the Taj Mahal in which a hundred years later
Sahajahan raised the tomb of Mumtaz, and in 1666 Aurangzeb buried his
father emperor Shahjahan. The Taj Mahal is called the Mystic House
because it originated as a Shiva temple replete with Vedic motifs. The
same building was also called the Great House because it was a
magnificent royal residence.
 There are two sepulchral mounds in the central chamber of the Taj
which look like Mughal tombs, and could very well be those of Mumtaz
Mahal, one of thee thousands of consorts of Shahjahan, and of
Shahjahan himself. It is well known that many such mounds are fake.
Such mounds have sometimes been found on the terraces of historic
buildings where no dead person could be buried by one chance. Another
reservation is that no specific burial date of Mumtaz being on record
it is highly doubtful whether she was at all buried in the Taj. Period
is mentioned a between six months to nine years of her death. Such
vagueness, even after a special palatial mausoleum is stated to have
been constructed for her body, is highly suspicious. Manuchi, an
officer in the service of the East India Company during Aurangzeb’s
time, has recorded that Akbar’s tomb is empty. Who knows then whether
Mumtaz’s supposed tomb is not empty too. In spite of such weighty
reservations we are ready to presume that the two tombs could be those
of Mumtaz and Shahjahan.

SOME BLUNDER OF INDIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH
 Constitution alien rule in India for over a millennium has resulted
in implanting in Indian histories numerous blundering nations as
sacrosanct concepts.
 If by history we mean a factually and chronologically accurate
account of a country’s past current Indian histories deserve to be
classed with Arabian Nights.
 Such history must be repudiated and rewritten. Like a virus
infection the blunder of Indian historical research have affected
other spheres too.
 Feel deeply concerned at the alarming state of Indian history as it
is being taught in our education institutions, as it is being tackled
on misleading assumption in our research organizations and as it is
presented to the world at large through official academic channels.
 The extent and depth of the inaccuracies and fabrications that
bedevil Indian history amount to a national calamity.
 What is still more tragic is that beside the many distortions,
perversions and anomalies that abound in current historical texts
there are many missing chapters. Those missing chapters relate
especially to the sway that Indian Kshatriyas once held from Bali
island in the South East pacific to the Baltic in the north and from
Korea of Arabia and possibly over Mexico. It is in that vast region,
at the very least, that the digvijayas (conquests) which we hear about
very often in Indian scriptures, were carried out. Our histories make
no mention of that sway.
 At least broad realization of the major points at which Indian
historical research has branched off the path at factual and
chronological truth, and a realization that at least some of its
important chapters are missing, is essential on the part of scholars,
teaching institutions, research organizations, students, teachers and
lay men.
 It is intended to unfold here quite a few blunders of Indian
historical research which have occurred to me. By no means do I
presume to give an exhaustive list of such blunders. The few that I
intend to deal with hereafter should serve as specimens to alert all
those connected with Indian history, that the fare served to them, day
in and day out, in the name of Indian history is infected with myths,
and is deficient in nutritional values because of its missing
chapters.
 If minor errors of grammar, syntax or subject matter in academic
text books find us highly agitated how much more should be our
resentment at the defective and deficient Indian history that is being
taught to us and presented to the world at large.
 Though our subject title is SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIAN HISTORICAL
RESEARCH yet at least in some instances, it will be observed, those
blunders have a bearing on world history. The rewriting of the missing
chapters and faulty portions of Indian Histories of other regions and
of the world as a whole. From this point of view this topic should be
of immense importance to students, teachers and scholars of history
all the world over.




YOGESH KUMAR SAXENA
ADVOCATE, HIGH COURT
Counsel for the Petitioner