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To answer the second part of the question, the plurals would already be in a good word list, but if you wanted to specifically exclude those from the list for some reason, you could indeed write a function to handle it. But English pluralization rules are tricky enough that I'd just include the plurals in the word list to begin with.
As to where to find English word lists, I found several just by Googling "English word list". Here is one: You could Google for British or American English if you want specifically one of those dialects.
If your OS uses the Linux kernel, there is a simple way to get all the words from the English/American dictionary. In the directory /usr/share/dict you have a words file. There is also a more specific american-english and british-english files. These contain all of the words in that specific language. You can access this throughout every programming language which is why I thought you might want to know about this.
For a semantic web approach, you could run a sparql query against WordNet in RDF format. Basically just use urllib module to issue GET request and return results in JSON format, parse using python 'json' module. If it's not English word you'll get no results.
From the results page you can select the specific word you're looking for. As you can see, the results page offers concise excerpts from full definitions that can help you narrow down your search and find the entry you're looking for. Additionally, the letter after the word on this page will indicate the part of speech described in the entry: "alphabet, n." will bring up the word's usage as a noun, while "alphabet, v." will bring up the word's usage as a verb.
You can make your searches more complex with the wildcard symbols * and ?. Wildcards allow you to search for several terms with the same root, and are useful if you don't know exactly how your term is spelled.
As you can see, an Advanced Search offers you several options through the tabs at the top of the search menu. You can perform your search in Entries (which will return a list of all the entries containing the term or terms you search for), Senses (which will return a list of all the individual senses within entries that contain your search terms - if a single word has two different meanings depending on the context in which it's used, each of those meanings is considered a separate "sense"), and Quotations (which will return a list of all the quotations in OED Online that contain your search terms).
Using the drop-down menus offered in an Advanced Search, for instance, you could perform a Boolean search like this, which would show you all the Shakespeare quotations indexed in the OED Online that include the word "love.":
With variant spellings, you can search, for instance, for an archaic spelling of a word that appeared before spelling was standardized. In the case of the entry below, searching for any of the listed "forms" as a variant spelling would bring up the main entry "remember":
Choosing the option "Restrict to entry letter or range" for a search, on the other hand, will limit the search results to those contained within a particular range of the OED. So if you're unsure exactly how a word is spelled, but you know the first few letters of the word, you can use this option to find all the words that begin with those letters and narrow down your search this way.
Combining both accessibility and authority, The Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins describes the origins and development of over 3,000 words and phrases in the English language. The book draws on Oxford's unrivalled dictionary research programme and language monitoring, and relates the fascinating stories behind many of our most curious terms and expressions in order to offer the reader a much more explicit account than can be found in a general English dictionary.
This absorbing volume is useful for language students and enthusiasts, but also an intriguing read for any person interested in the development of the English language and of language development in general. Includes an extended introduction on the history of the English language.
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Search/Filter: Enter a keyword in the filter/search box to see a list of available words with the "All" selection. Click on the page number if needed. Click on the blue link to look up the word. For best result, enter a partial word to see variations of the word.
If you cannot find (perhaps overlook) a word but you can still see a list of links, then keep looking until the links disappear! Sharpening your eye or maybe refine your alphabetical index skill. :)
Add a Word: This dictionary is not exhaustive; ASL signs are constantly added to the dictionary. If you don't find a word/sign, you can send your request (only if a single link doesn't show in the result).
Videos: The first video may be NOT the answer you're looking for. There are several signs for different meanings, contexts, and/or variations. Browsing all the way down to the next search box is highly recommended.
ASL has its own grammar and structure in sentences that works differently from English. For plurals, verb inflections, word order, etc., learn grammar in the "ASL Learn" section. For search in the dictionary, use the present-time verbs and base words. If you look for "said", look up the word "say". Likewise, if you look for an adjective word, try the noun or vice versa. E.g. The ASL signs for French and France are the same. If you look for a plural word, use a singular word.
Learning ASL words does not equate with learning the language. Learn the language beyond words in sign language, such as grasping the nuances of meaning words, grammatical inflections, contexts, and more.
Contextual meaning: Some ASL signs in the dictionary may not mean the same in different contexts and/or ASL sentences. A meaning of a word or phrase can change in sentences and contexts. Explore synonyms to enhance meanings. You will see some examples in video sentences.
Sign production or "pronunciation": A change or modification of one of the parameters of the sign, such as handshape, movement, palm orientation, location, and non-manual signals (e.g. facial expressions) can change a meaning or a subtle variety of meaning. Or mispronunciation.
Variation: Some ASL signs have regional (and generational) variations across North America. Some common variations are included as much as possible, but for specifically local variations, interact with your local community to learn their local variations.
Fingerspelling: When there is no word in one language, borrowing is a loanword from another language. In sign language, manual alphabet is used to represent a word of the spoken/written language.
American Sign Language (ASL) is very much alive and indefinitely constructable as any spoken language. The best way to use ASL right is to immerse in daily language interactions and conversations with Ameslan/Deaf people (or ASLians) across Deaf community in the United States and Canada.
This dictionary is not exhaustive; the ASL signs are constantly added to the dictionary. If you don't find the word/sign, you can send your request via email. Browse the alphabetical letters or search a signed word above.
A dictionary is a resource that lists the words of a language (typically in alphabetical order) and gives their meaning. It can often provide information about pronunciation, origin, and usage. Dual language dictionaries provide an equivalent word in a different language.
Reference Universe
Use Reference Universe to search for specific entries in reference books. If the reference book isn't available online, you'll be directed to MNCAT to find the book in the Libraries.
Gale Virtual Reference Library
Search across multiple reference sources in many subjects, including art, biography, business, cultural studies, education, the environment, history, religion, science, and social science.
Definitions of words that have entered English from your language should be familiar and easy to read. As far as Japanese is concerned, by entering Japanese as the keyword in the Advanced Search on the CD-ROM accompanying OALD 8, you will find the following Japanese-origin and Japan-related phrases:
In addition to headwords, OALD also employs boldface. Usage patterns, and prepositions and adverbs used with the headword are highlighted in bold. This makes it possible to check aspects of usage which even advanced students need to pay special attention to, such as whether or not a noun can be followed by an appositive that-clause:
A large proportion of advanced users must be language teachers. Many teachers, myself included, use OALD not only for their own searches, but also for class preparation. I am very indebted to Full text search. Although it is not limited to teachers, we will look at additional ways to use Full text search in the second half of this article.
Even with Shortcuts (subheadings which show the general meanings of a headword), searching polysemous words can be onerous even for advanced users. With that in mind, a Full text search using the keywords fill and order yields the following hits:
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