Re: Arma 3 How To Turn On Radar
Melanie Council
As soon as Arma 3 Jets DLC appeared on the horizon, we began to think about its so-called 'platform features' (improvements available to everyone that owns Arma 3). One of the key items on our wishlist was the 'radar' (also sometimes known as 'magic radar' to its detractors!). While its ease-of-use was convenient in some ways, Jets DLC represented a splendid opportunity to add more depth to detection and targeting gameplay. Now - after many, many hours of development, and the commitment of the whole team (and Electronic Warfare Task Force in particular!) - we're almost ready to distribute our new approach to our Arma 3 service members.
In this OPREP, we'd like to introduce what we call the 'Sensor Overhaul'. To do that, we'll take a look at 5 types of 'sensor', and discuss their role in threat detection / targeting gameplay. We'll introduce how to use them, and offer some tips on how to avoid being tracked by them! Finally, we'll present our new UI and controls, examining the new sensor display in detail. But, first, we'd like to offer some perspective on why we wanted to overhaul into this feature, and consider how it fits into Arma 3's authentic combined arms gameplay.
So far, Arma 3 has only featured jets designed for Close-Air-Support (CAS). However, since these were the only fast-movers available in the vanilla game, these fighters quickly turned into jacks-of-all-trades, serving as dog-fighters or interceptors, just as much as they were used as CAS aircraft. We felt that simply adding the new and faster fixed-wings planned for Jets DLC would not change our aerial ecosystem, in terms of emphasizing the specialties of different types of jets. So, for the sake of both authenticity and gameplay, we needed to introduce new mechanics that would promote meaningful diversity.
In large part, the new Sensor Overhaul enables our CAS fighters to be better at tracking and engaging ground targets, and ensures that air-to-air combat (e.g. dog-fighting) is best left to our new air-superiority fighters. Additionally, by turning anti-air platforms into a true menace for anything that moves above the tree-tops, we present pilots with a very strong motivation to co-operate with ground forces, which fits into our vision of Arma 3 as a combined arms military sandbox. Our goal was to design a whole new food-chain! However, we also needed to place that goal in the context of Arma 3.
Somewhere in between a shooter game and a simulator, our series holds a unique place in the gaming scene. To a significant extent, what works in real life most likely also works in Arma. Players should expect a better outcome if they deploy real world tactics in game. At the same time, we don't want players to have to read a full manual before being able to perform more advanced actions. Thus, when we worked on the design of our Sensor Overhaul, we needed to tackle the tricky question of how to abstract the usage and behavior of radar systems to be suitable for Arma gameplay.
One way to achieve this delicate balance is to add much of the new complexity to the underlying simulation, providing gameplay depth without burdening players with more controls and switches. Also, real-world applications are, more and more, developed to synthesize information into human-readable formats. For example, just like in a modern jet, players do not necessarily have to care about how targets pop up on their screens. They could just mark a target, wait for lock-on, and fire. However, by learning how each system works, a trained player can gain a combat advantage . This approach is key to our implementation.
Based on this goal, we kicked-off our implementation by drawing upon community feedback, our own experience with flight sims, research of military documentation, forums and fan sites, and discussions with actual sensor operators in the military. We gathered a lot of ideas! The new concepts were brilliantly illustrated by a set of hand-drawn pictures from our dear Lead Programmer, Dr. Hladik - one of the key developers behind the Sensor Overhaul. This masterful art sums up the basic ideas behind our overhaul: different sensors, different properties, different ranges and fields-of-view, different targets signatures based on type and background, and more.
By way of example, let's dig into just one element we found to be very interesting for gameplay: the difference between passive and active sensors, and the possibility to switch radars on and off. 'Passive' sensors, like IR, detect target's emissions or reflections from other sources (e.g. visible light). This means the target will not be able to tell who is 'looking' at it. On the other hand, 'active' sensors, like radar, rely on the reflections of a transmitted signal (imagine pointing a flashlight at someone during the night).
With your own source of energy you're no longer limited to a target's own emissions / environment. Yet, the obvious drawback is that others may be able to detect who is 'shining', and where that signal comes from. In gameplay terms, this new system - including the option of switching the radar on and off, or ability to detect someone's active radar - gives players an interesting choice between going for enhanced situational awareness or lower profile. Together with other new features, players can now make decisions about how much information they want about battlefield, balancing that advantage against the risks of gathering it.
One such feature is 'Data Link'. This allows certain vehicles to transmit and/or receive sensor data to/from other friendly units. As long as you have a vehicle that is able to receive Data Link, you will see targets from anyone else on the same side connected to the Data Link. Content creators can even specify the Data Link behavior of each individual vehicle via its attributes in the Eden Editor or by using script commands. Again, this information is part of background simulation. In combination with other features, trained players will be able to exploit of the advantages and disadvantages of different sensors, and work together to gain the upper hand.
In short - instead of the old radar that used to combine behaviors of Infrared Search and Track and an actual radar - we now have a selection of individual sensors with more authentic behaviour. To get a broader view on the new features, let's take a closer look at the new sensors one by one.
These new features and radar types stand to make significant changes to the experience of targeting (and being targeted!). We thought it may be helpful to offer some advice on how to use (and avoid being used by!) the new sensors. The best way to avoid detection is to stay out of the enemy sensors' line of sight. Learning ranges, fields-of-view and blind spots of individual vehicle sensor suites will help you stay out of enemy's reach (and/or get into their comfort zone at the same time). Knowing the enemy's sensor types and qualities will take you a step further. Basic ideas that you may find useful in combat include:
Mastering detection avoidance techniques will require skill in estimation, route planning and terrain reading, knowledge of the situation and the enemy's ORBAT. If you find yourself helpless or not understanding any of the rules, feel free to reach out on any of our communication channels, the Bohemia Forums, or even the /r/Arma subreddit. Either we or players from our superb community will be more than willing to help!
Now let's examine the new radar display UI a bit further. For all the new rules and behaviors described above, the small radar or compass circle on top of the screen was no longer enough. While having nice radar displays directly in the modelled cockpit would perhaps have been most ideal, that was unfortunately not feasible (discussed further on our forums). Although our goal is always to be UI-minimalistic, we needed to come up with another UI solution. Hence we took some 'jets-y' inspiration from Multi-function Displays (MFD) and decided to combine several other existing elements together.
This led to creation of customizable and toggleable panels on the left and right side of the screen. Map the new left/right panel and left/right panel mode actions in the Options under Controls/Common (or simply reset your keybinds to the Apex or Arma 3 control preset). Then by tapping [ and ] you can toggle the panel modules on each side. The same keys with the RCTRL modifier allows you to switch submodes within the currently selected panel (for example the rotation of the minimap). Depending on your vehicle/equipment, these little panels can house the minimap, UAV camera feed (and several other feeds), slingload assistant, and also the new sensor display.
The sensor display substitutes the old UI radar and compass, and brings a pocketful of new targeting information. We've approached it as a 'situational display' that synthesizes target information from all sensors, threat warnings, and Data Link. Like the old radar, the sensor display displays the situation around you from a top-down perspective. For the sake of clarity, the main features of the new sensor display include:
You've also helped us to smash several bugs, and inspired us to add new properties and ways how to adjust the system. For example, the impact of daylight on detection, target recognition distance, or the possibility to restrict passive radar from being used for weapon targeting and simulate a radar warning receiver (RWR). Encouraged by your feedback, we've added Data Link to support multi-unit cooperation. In order to have the Sensor Overhaul complete, we also needed to replace the "magic radar" on tanks, so - as a cherry on top - we've already provided a glimpse at Tanks DLC by adding the Fire Control System (FCS) feature.
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