Hi again:
After lots and lots of attempts and frustration, by a chance, I was able to make it work. This is what I did, in case it's useful to someone.
First, I took a look to the `module.xml` file of the `org.apache.cxf.impl` module, with the intention of getting some ideas about the semantics of this type of file. I already knew some tags, but I had doubts about others. I found out that this module is already requesting for a module called `org.springframework.spring`. But it's optional. Indeed, such module does not exist in Wildfly. So I renamed my module to that name, so that Apache CXF detected it automatically.
Then, I edited the `jboss-deployment-structure.xml` file. I deleted the dependency towards `org.springframework.spring-context`, and I added the attribute `meta-inf="export"` to `org.apache.cxf.impl`.
Sincerely, I wasn't sure about what I was doing with that attribute, but it worked. I don't know why my application needs to see the `META-INF` directory of CXF. I thought it had to be the other way around: that CXF would need to see root of my classpath, to find the `cxf.xml` file.
Now my problem is that, every time I re-deploy my EAR, my EJB module seems to see an older version of my WS client and throws a `ClassCastException`. But I better create a separate thread for that.
Salutes.