Qemux86-64 Login

[Vespasiano Jilg]

Ive generated the iso image successfully. However, it asks me for the login information. For "qemux86-64 login", I just leave the username empty and password empty since I didn't create any login passwords when I create the image. It won't let me login. Then I tried username "root", it showed me this:Login as root

When it finishes booting you can login as root (no password).

You can verify that gnuradio installed by running gnuradio-config-info -v.

You can verify that Volk detects the correct architecture by starting volk_profile and seeing what machine it detects.

Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refusedWARNING: Image format was not specified for 'core-image-qemux86-64.ext4' and probing guessed raw.Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.qemu-system-x86_64: ext4: drive with bus=0, unit=0 (index=0) exists

As Mender is also compatible with selected Yocto releases including Zeus, the integration with Wind River Linux just requires some small tweaks to make it work seamlessly. In this tutorial we will describe basic steps required to make both working together.

You may need to perform additional modifications based on the BSP you are using, for this QEMU example it works as follows, however you may want to get in contact with us or Wind River if you need a custom integration.

Wind River Linux makes usage of the PNWHITELIST flag as mechanism to avoid third party applications not validated or tested on their side to be included in a project without being explicitly whitelisted before, as described in their official docs, it requires to be formatted in the way PNWHITELIST_layerName = "recipeName1 recipeName2". So we need to whitelist some mender recipes and their dependencies by adding the following lines into your local.conf file.

The wrlinux-image-core-qemux86-64.mender is a symbolic link to the mender artifact you can upload to the Mender server for deploying it to the devices in the field, while the wrlinux-image-core-qemux86-64.uefiimg is the symlink that points to the raw disk file that you can use for booting up your new QEMU machine.

Where -m means memory in Mb, -smp how many cores we want to give to our guest system and -drive is used to point to the image we created that we are going to use as a disk. Additionally -bios set the filename for the BIOS and -enable-kvm enables KVM full virtualization support.

Inclusivity - people have shown ability to make effectiveuse of a wide range of virtualization technologies with broadlyvarying feature sets. Aiming to keep the requirements as inclusiveas possible, avoids second-guessing what a user may wish to usethe cloud compute service for.

Bootstrapping - a practical use case test is to consider thatstarting point for the compute deploy is an empty data centerwith new machines and network connectivity. The look at whatare the minimum features required of a compute service, in orderto get user instances running and processing work over thenetwork.

Competition - an early leader in the cloud compute service spacewas Amazon EC2. A sanity check for whether a feature should bemandatory is to consider whether it was available in the firstpublic release of EC2. This had quite a narrow feature set, butnone the less found very high usage in many use cases. So itserves to illustrate that many features need not be consideredmandatory in order to get useful work done.

Reality - there are many virt drivers currently shipped withNova, each with their own supported feature set. Any feature which ismissing in at least one virt driver that is already in-tree, mustby inference be considered optional until all in-tree driverssupport it. This does not rule out the possibility of a currentlyoptional feature becoming mandatory at a later date, based on otherprinciples above.

Notes: The attach volume operation provides a means to hotplugadditional block storage to a running instance. This allowsstorage capabilities to be expanded without interruption ofservice. In a cloud model it would be more typical to justspin up a new instance with large storage, so the ability tohotplug extra storage is for those cases where the instanceis considered to be more of a pet than cattle. Thereforethis operation is not considered to be mandatory to support.

Notes: The extend volume operation provides a means to extendthe size of an attached volume. This allows volume sizeto be expanded without interruption of service.In a cloud model it would be more typical to justspin up a new instance with large storage, so the ability toextend the size of an attached volume is for those caseswhere the instance is considered to be more of a pet than cattle.Therefore this operation is not considered to be mandatory to support.

Notes: The attach interface operation provides a means to hotplugadditional interfaces to a running instance. Hotplug supportvaries between guest OSes and some guests require a reboot fornew interfaces to be detected. This operation allows interfacecapabilities to be expanded without interruption of service.In a cloud model it would be more typical to just spin up anew instance with more interfaces.

Notes: A possible failure scenario in a cloud environment is the outageof one of the compute nodes. In such a case the instances of the downhost can be evacuated to another host. It is assumed that the old hostis unlikely ever to be powered back on, otherwise the evacuationattempt will be rejected. When the instances get moved to the newhost, their volumes get re-attached and the locally stored data isdropped. That happens in the same way as a rebuild.This is not considered to be a mandatory operation to support.

Notes: Provides realtime information about the power state of the guestinstance. Since the power state is used by the compute manager fortracking changes in guests, this operation is considered mandatory tosupport.

Notes: Live migration provides a way to move an instance off onecompute host, to another compute host. Administrators may usethis to evacuate instances from a host that needs to undergomaintenance tasks, though of course this may not help if thehost is already suffering a failure. In general instances areconsidered cattle rather than pets, so it is expected that aninstance is liable to be killed if host maintenance is required.It is technically challenging for some hypervisors to providesupport for the live migration operation, particularly thosebuilt on the container based virtualization. Therefore thisoperation is not considered mandatory to support.

Notes: Live migration provides a way to move a running instance to anothercompute host. But it can sometimes fail to complete if an instance hasa high rate of memory or disk page access.This operation provides the user with an option to assist the progressof the live migration. The mechanism used to complete the livemigration depends on the underlying virtualization subsystemcapabilities. If libvirt/qemu is used and the post-copy feature isavailable and enabled then the force complete operation will causea switch to post-copy mode. Otherwise the instance will be suspendeduntil the migration is completed or aborted.

Notes: Stopping an instances CPUs can be thought of as roughlyequivalent to suspend-to-RAM. The instance is still presentin memory, but execution has stopped. The problem, however,is that there is no mechanism to inform the guest OS thatthis takes place, so upon unpausing, its clocks will nolonger report correct time. For this reason hypervisor vendorsgenerally discourage use of this feature and some do not evenimplement it. Therefore this operation is considered optionalto support in drivers.

Notes: It is reasonable for a guest OS administrator to trigger agraceful reboot from inside the instance. A host initiatedgraceful reboot requires guest co-operation and a non-gracefulreboot can be achieved by a combination of stop+start. Thereforethis operation is considered optional.

Notes: The rescue operation starts an instance in a specialconfiguration whereby it is booted from an special rootdisk image. The goal is to allow an administrator torecover the state of a broken virtual machine. In generalthe cloud model considers instances to be cattle, so ifan instance breaks the general expectation is that it bethrown away and a new instance created. Therefore thisoperation is considered optional to support in drivers.

Notes: The resize operation allows the user to change a runninginstance to match the size of a different flavor from the oneit was initially launched with. There are many differentflavor attributes that potentially need to be updated. Ingeneral it is technically challenging for a hypervisor tosupport the alteration of all relevant config settings for arunning instance. Therefore this operation is consideredoptional to support in drivers.

Notes: Provides a mechanism to (re)set the password of the administratoraccount inside the instance operating system. This requires that thehypervisor has a way to communicate with the running guest operatingsystem. Given the wide range of operating systems in existence it isunreasonable to expect this to be practical in the general case. Theconfigdrive and metadata service both provide a mechanism for settingthe administrator password at initial boot time. In the case where thisoperation were not available, the administrator would simply have tologin to the guest and change the password in the normal manner, sothis is just a convenient optimization. Therefore this operation isnot considered mandatory for drivers to support.

Notes: The snapshot operation allows the current state of theinstance root disk to be saved and uploaded back into theglance image repository. The instance can later be bootedagain using this saved image. This is in effect makingthe ephemeral instance root disk into a semi-persistentstorage, in so much as it is preserved even though the guestis no longer running. In general though, the expectation isthat the root disks are ephemeral so the ability to take asnapshot cannot be assumed. Therefore this operation is notconsidered mandatory to support.

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