[The Vanishing Son III Italian Dubbed Free Download
Sharif Garmon
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Introduction: Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) infection is vanishing in Italy. It is therefore believed that hepatitis D is no longer a medical problem in the domestic population of the country but remains of concern only in migrants from HDV-endemic areas.
Methods: From 2010 to 2019, one hundred ninety-three first-time patients with chronic HDV liver disease attended gastroenterology units in Torino and San Giovanni Rotondo (Apulia); 121 were native Italians and 72 were immigrants born abroad. For this study, we considered the 121 native Italians in order to determine their clinical features and the impact of HDV disease in liver transplant programs.
Conclusion: Though HDV is vanishing in Italy, a legacy of ageing native-Italian patients with advanced HDV liver disease still represents an important medical issue and maintains an impact on liver transplantation.
The only difference is that year after year the impact of lack of growth is being felt more concretely. Italian living standards are falling behind those in many other countries. Consider the next set of charts:
That these problems have festered for so long tells you that you cannot blame it on one government, on one part of the political spectrum. In fact, in Italy there is very little difference between the left and the right when it comes to economics. Both sides fundamentally believe in a large government.
In a democracy government is the expression of the people, and indeed at the popular level there is virtually no support for reducing public expenditures. Worse, there is surprising little recognition of this basic fact: government expenditures need to be financed, and they can only be financed by taking money from the population. Italians complain about high taxes (and the proliferation of fees that act as taxes), but oppose any reduction in spending.
They highlight how Italy has lagged behind its Eurozone peers since the common currency was launched, both in overall and per capita economic growth. These two charts are striking, and are being tweeted and retweet around \u2014 sorry, I mean posted and reposted, in Twitter\u2019s now rebranded lingo.
But what\u2019s most depressing to me is not just that Italy has been lagging its peers \u2014 it\u2019s that Italy\u2019s economy has been stagnating for over twenty years. I raised this in a Forbes article five years ago (Twenty Years And Nothing To Show For It: Italy\u2019s Broken Economic Model), and nothing\u2019s changed since then. As the chart below shows, real per capita GDP as of end-2022 was still lower than in 2001.
\u201CEverything must change for everything to remain the same,\u201D as Tomasi di Lampedusa wrote in The Leopard. Written in the 1950s about the Sicily of the late 1800s, that sentence still perfectly captures the Italy of today.
I\u2019ve read travel blogs that treat Italy\u2019s poor economic performance as an afterthought, a price well worth paying to enjoy a good life: Their economy is a mess, but look at them enjoying their Aperol Spritz on a sunny afternoon! We should be so lucky!
Charming, but it sounds a lot like Berlusconi\u2019s infamous statement during a bout of public debt stress in 2011, when he quipped \u201CItaly does not feel the crisis. The restaurants are full\u2026\u201D.
Yes, Italians do know how to enjoy life, and that makes the country a splendid place to visit. But for every Italian enjoying her Aperol Spritz under the Mediterranean sky, there is another one who\u2019s left the country in search of a job and better prospects. A stagnating economy means lack of opportunities. It means that new generations can no longer look forward to a higher standard of living than their parents. Unsurprisingly, there has been an exodus of young people.
The other important negative consequence is that Italy\u2019s economic weight on the world stage is vanishing. Twenty years ago, Italy was the world\u2019s seventh largest economy; now it has slipped to #12, surpassed by Turkey, Brazil, Indonesia, Russia and the UK.
This loss of economic heft compounds the stagnation in living standards to cause serious adverse social consequences. Immigration is one of Italy\u2019s most pressing and hotly debated issues \u2014 like in most other European countries. A permanently stagnating economy creates a zero sum game mentality: resources devoted to immigrants are seen as resources taken away from the native population.
The counterargument is that a country with a rapidly aging population like Italy needs young immigrants to power economic growth. That\u2019s true in theory. In practice, one out of every five young Italian men is unemployed \u2014 and one out of four young women, according to the OECD. That means that lack of young people is not a binding constraint for labor supply. Long-standing labor market rigidities and distorted incentives mean that immigration only increases the number of idle young people, exacerbating social and racial tensions.
Immigration is a European problem and should be dealt with at the European level. Again, in theory. In practice, Italy bears the brunt of the immigration inflow because of its geographic location, and gets precious little help from Europe. Here is where Italy\u2019s diminished economic weight comes to hurt, in my view: with a fragile economy and an unsustainable public debt, Italy always needs Europe\u2019s economic help, for example in the form of ECB\u2019s bond purchases when spreads widen dangerously. That undermines its bargaining power on other crucial issues like immigration.
What next? The causes of Italy\u2019s economic malaise are well known and have been rehashed by economists for decades. Structural rigidities especially in the labor market, excessive regulations imposed by a stifling bureaucracy. And above all in my view, excessively high and wasteful public spending that in turn creates a crushing tax burden.
The first few charts would seem to support the still very popular view that the Euro is to blame: they pinpoint the stagnation to the time when the common currency was launched. And yet as the charts also show, other countries in the Eurozone have done a lot better \u2014 the Euro did not steal Spain\u2019s future, for example. Having your own currency does not guarantee growth; central banks can\u2019t print prosperity \u2014 just ask Venezuela or Argentina.
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) is an autosomal recessive neurological disease. The physiopathology of disease is still little understood, but it seems to involve impairment in maturation of astrocytes; as a consequence white matter is more prone to cellular stress. Disease is caused by mutations in five genes encoding subunits of the translation initiation factor eIF2B. We know five different types of VWM syndrome classified based different ages of onset (prenatal, infantile, childhood, juvenile and adult onset).
We report the case of a 4-month-old boy with early seizure onset, recurrent hypoglycemia and post mortem diagnosis of vanishing white matter disease (VMD). At the admission he presented suspected critical episodes, resolved after intravenous administration of benzodiazepines. The brain MRI showed total absence of myelination that suggested hypomyelination leukoencephalopathy. The whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a variant of EIF2B2 gene (p. Val308Met) present in homozygosity. In this case report we also describe the clinical evolution of seizures, in fact the epileptic seizures had a polymorphic aspect, from several complex partial seizures secondarily generalized to status epilepticus.
Infantile and early childhood onset forms are associated with chronic progressive neurological signs, with episodes of rapid neurological worsening, and poor prognosis, with death in few months or years. Clinical presentation of epilepsy is poorly documented and do not include detailed information about the type, time of onset and severity of seizures. No therapeutic strategies for VWM disease have been reported.
The neurological examination showed marked axial hypotonus, poor eye contact, social interaction and weak sucking. Vital signs, routine blood exams and electrocardiogram were normal. The body percentiles at the evaluation showed a weight (7160 g) below the third percentile with length (70 cm) and head circumference (34 cm) between 10-25 percentile.
In the Fig. 1 is reported the evolution of the EEG anomalies. At four months of life (A) the electroencephalogram reveals recurrent slow waves localized in right temporal hemispheres and asynchronous in the left temporo-occipital area. The EEG at eight months of life (B) shows worsening of the background activity by sub continuous presence of focal anomalies, independent over the two hemispheres with recurrent electroclinical episodes characterized by theta-delta activity on the central temporal regions of the right hemisphere and, asynchronously, on the frontal and central regions of the left hemisphere. The EEG at ten months of life (C) reveal worsening of underlying activity with electrical disorder and sub-continuous irritant activity especially in in the right temporal zone
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